cnt(W1,"has been cornered by the United Nations, which name was coined by F.D.Roosevelt and officially used for the first time in the Declaration of the UN of 1st January 1942, whereby 26 countries pledged to combat the Axis powers) became a world movement in succession to the virtually defunct League of Nations (which was actually dissolved in a last meeting on 8 April 1946 recognising the take-over by the new construct under the assumptive championship of the United States, absent from the League). The Charter, elaborated at Dumbarton Oaks between August and October 1944, was signed on 26 June 1945 at the founding Conference of San Francisco by 50 States and entered into force on 24 October 1945. It provided already then for the right of peoples' self-determination (i.e. de-colonisation) and the development of international co-operation to resolve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems. The timing seems to indicate that the war was part of a long-term scheme tending to ensure 'natural' rulership to the world's richest country. The means employed obey the same Puritan decorum and hypocrisy as the management of US internal affairs. The UN are instrumental in this scheme as can be seen at occasions like the Korean War or the more recent Persian Gulf War. The UN development scene provides an excellent traffic platform for intelligence work and manipulation. However, the UN earn small returns for offering this opportunity: the US are bad debtors, having systematically paid its contributions at the extreme limit of deprivation of voting rights (they owe now something like 1.5 billion $ arrears), and, what is more, they quitted FAO and UNESCO altogether, while participating in all major meetings as observers at no cost other than representation. However, UNDP, the United Nations Development Programme, which manages the development money, watches, like the World Bank and its affiliates, over the correct distribution of funds to those claimants [cf developees] which ""merit"" the expenditure by obeying certain dictates.Thus international development is a fine alibi for world power politicians to spread influence and monitor the returns.")
cnt(W2,"What an audience is and what audience members are may seem fairly straightforward. Certainly, the huge amounts of money which are ploughed into commercial and other research into audiences' media usage and behaviour seems to suggest that media producers believe that we know what audiences are and how to measure them. However, when you look back over the history of the conceptualizations of audiences and research into them, it pretty soon becomes evident that ""audience"" has always been a rather woolly concept. In the popular imagination, media corporations and advertising agencies conduct intensive research into audiences. They identify the audience members' socio-economic class, lifestyles, motivation, disposable income, fantasies etc. and that knowledge enables them to ""target"" their audience precisely. In fact, though, as Fiske points out, ""The advertising industry is undoubtedly successful at persuading manufacturers and distributors to buy its services : its success in persuading consumers to buy particular products is much more open to question -- between 80 and 90 per cent of new products fail despite extensive advertising. To take another example, many films fail to recover even their promotional costs at the box office"" (Fiske 1989). And ""Because it's a mass audience -- it's an unimaginably large audience -- the audience tastes are so diffused and so general that you've got to be guessing. You can work off precedents about what's worked on TV before. You can work off whatever smattering of sociological information you gleaned from whatever sources. You can let your personal judgments enter into it to some extent ... But you never really know"" (Scott Siegler, former CBS vice-president for drama development, qtd. in Ang 1990). We have access to huge amounts of statistical data about audiences, but the audience remembers remain ""statistics with skins"" (Tracey (1988, cited in Jeffrey 1996). ""Watching television"" is not necessarily the same activity for you as it is for me. In fact, my ""watching television"" is probably not the same for me today as it was yesterday. Our use of the media is closely tied up with the rest of our daily lives and will be conditioned by what we want to get out of it, who we're with, who we discuss it with, where we happen to be and so on. The statistics tell us very little about that. In fact, As Ang expresses it : ""in a multitude of ways, sometimes routine, sometimes exceptional, television plays an intimate r?le in shaping our day-to-day practices and experiences ... However, our understanding of what all these practices and experiences mean, what they imply and implicate, has remained scant. ... Given television's conspicuousness in contemporary culture and society, this poverty of discourse, this lack of understanding is rather embarrassing indeed, if not downright scandalous"" (1990). With new methods of accessing TV (satellite, cable, video rental, ""time-shifting"" using the VCR and so on), audience research is not simply a problem for academic researchers, but a burning issue for media professionals who need to be able to persuade advertisers that they are getting value for money. (Underwood)")
cnt(W3,"Research which focuses on the way that individuals make meanings for media messages (artistic products, news, etc.). Reception Analysis has some similarity with uses and gratifications research, but is much more likely to use an ethnographic approach involving in-depth interviews, participant observation etc. Reception Analysis has developed particularly since the early to mid-1980s. It tends generally to be associated with the view that audiences are active and is generally associated with the notion of resistive readings of media texts, associated with Michel de Certeau. A great deal of recent work has focused on the way that audiences resist the constructions of reality preferred by the mass media and construct their own, often oppositional, meanings for media texts. Since much of this work is concerned with detailed investigation of the audience's reception of media messages, it is generally known as reception analysis. In reception analysis, audiences are seen, as Fiske and de Certeau suggest, as active producers of meaning, not consumers of media meanings. They decode media texts in ways which are related to their social and cultural circumstances and the ways that they individually experience those circumstances. The new emphasis on this approach has led to its being called the New Audience Research. Rather than using solely the questionnaire technique generally used in uses and gratifications research, reception researchers will normally also use qualitative methods on a smaller scale. For example, in-depth interviews and group interviews as a means of uncovering the meanings which small groups of readers generate for media texts, focusing on the audience's ""situatedness"" within a particular socio-historical context. Broadly speaking, reception analysis has developed from a combination of traditional qualitative research strategies in sociology with some of the ideas of reader response theory in literary criticism. From the area of literary criticism Fish's understanding of the interpretive community seems to have been quite fruitful. The focus on interpretive communities means that the researchers in this vein examine issues far beyond the media text itself. Over the past few years, as reception analysis has come to reveal more of the fine detail of our reception of media messages, an ethnographic approach to audience studies has become steadily more popular, using interviews and participant observation, a methodology owing much to the research of David Morley, and Michel de Certeau's theorizing on the practices of everyday life, both in the early 1980s. (Underwood)")
cnt(W4,"The world is entering an age of a knowledge economy. At present, there is but an inkling of this. Hi-tech information, biology, new and renewable energy, new material, space, marine, environmental friendly, and management sciences and technologies are developing rapidly and industrialization is consistently increasing. In the U.S. and other developed countries, the knowledge economy accounts for over 20% of GDP. It is estimated that by the middle of the twenty-first century, the world will enter a brand-new period of economic development : a knowledge economy age. The major development trends of the present world knowledge economy are : (1) Sustainable development. The knowledge economy promotes the coordinated and sustainable development of humankind and nature. With this goal, the guiding principle of economic growth has changed to the scientific, reasonable, comprehensive, and efficient utilization of existing resources and development of unused rich natural resources as substitutes for nearly exhausted rare natural resources. (2) Intangible assets investment. The conventional industrial economy with tangible assets at its heart needs massive capital and equipment. In the knowledge economy, the investment of intangible assets such as knowledge and intelligence is decisive. The appreciating of intangible assets brings about the variation of social values. The more knowledgeable we are, the more opportunities there are for higher payment. (3) Integration of the world economy. The prerequisite for the knowledge economy to achieve sustainable development with the investment of intangible assets is integration of the world economy. Currently, the international division of industries is forming a world production system. Rapid international capital flow and the growth of free trade are helping the global market take shape. Scientific and technological progress as well as the information network is connecting the whole world. Economic globalization promotes an integrated world of mutually dependent and common development. (4) Intellectualization of economic policy making and management. The level of intellectualization of policy making and management of an enterprise will decide its fate. Creative talent will become the core of an enterprise. The development of an enterprise will depend on the quality and quantity of its internationally competent talent. (5) Network of social organizations. The Internet, country net, region net, industry net, and professional net will become the backbone of society. The digital regions formed after information on nature, economy, science and technology, education, and the humanities enters the computer network will become the leading role of social organizations. (6) Bringing hi-tech to pillar industries. The eight new hi-tech industries—information, biology, new energy, renewable energy, new materials, marine, environmentally friendly, and management—will gradually become pillar industries. The conventional pillar industries will eventually be made hi-tech.")
cnt(W5,"(1) To keep a balance between environmental protection and development. Environmental protection and economic development are interrelated as an organic whole. One can neither stress just protection and improvement of the environment and neglect developing, nor can one blindly seek development without considering the tolerance of the eco-environment. Proper approaches must be found for the solution of environmental problems in accordance with the actual conditions of the given country on the bases of fair economic growth, especially for developing countries. (2) To define clearly the main responsibilities for international environmental problems. The existing environmental problems are mainly consequences of the industrialization process of the developed countries in the late twentieth century. These countries should be held responsible for global environmental problems and should undertake more responsibility. (3) To observe the principle of non-interference and to safeguard each country’s sovereignty over its resources. The Stockholm Declaration adopted at the first World Conference on Environment and Development in 1972 provides in Article 21 that the protection, exploration, and utilization of natural resources of a given country is the internal affair of the country itself. (4) To stress the need for involvement of developing countries. In light of the tendency in the current international environmental of neglecting the specific difficulties in developing countries, necessary measures must be taken to ensure full participation of developing countries in the activities and cooperation in international environmental affairs. (5) To give full consideration to the specific needs of developing countries that are faced with more pressing environmental problems in some particular areas. These problems include deterioration of the natural ecology such as degeneration of land, desertification, serious deforestation, and soil erosion as well as problems caused by industrial development such as pollution, acid depletion, and shortage of water. (6) To advocate a knowledge-based economy and to make the best of new and high technologies in the alleviation of environmental problems.")
cnt(W6,"(1) Fairness. “Satisfaction of the needs and desires of human beings are the main purpose of development.” However, there is much unfairness in people’s demand. The fairness implied in sustainable development includes a) fairness for the present generation. Sustainable development must meet the basic needs of all people and give them opportunities to satisfy their desire for a better life. It must provide the world with fair distribution and fair development rights and give special priority to the elimination of poverty in the process of sustainable development. b) Fairness between generations. One generation should not seek for its own development by destroying the conditions, or the natural environment and resources, for later generations to be able to satisfy their needs. All generations should have equal rights to utilize natural resources. c) Fairness in distribution of limited resources. The present reality is that developed countries with 26% of the world’s population are consuming 80% of the world’s energy, iron, steel, and paper. (2) Sustainability. While the Brundtland report (Our Common Future) discussed “demand” in sustainable development, the chair Gro Harlem Brundtland also elaborated on the “constraints.” She said that “sustained development should not be realized by destroying the natural system (the atmosphere, water, soil, living things) that supports the life of the earth. The essence of sustainable development is that economic and social development of humankind should not exceed the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.” (3) Commonality. As the general aim of global development, sustainable development embodies common principles. And it needs global efforts in common to realize that aim. In the preface of Our Common Future, Mrs. Brundtland wrote : “What the divided world needs is to further develop a common understanding and a common sense of responsibility.”")
cnt(W7,"This is a private, non-profit research institute associated with the United Nations University (UNU), UNESCO, the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study (IFIAS), and the Associación de Televisión Educativa Iberoamericana (ATEI). It was founded on March 28, 1963 by a group of Argentine scientists and businessmen for the purpose of furthering research, training, technical assistance, diffusion, and other creative activities in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. It is supported by private, public, national, and international sources. Initially, the Bariloche Foundation developed interdisciplinary programs of creative and applied research as well as technological development in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, conservation of the environment, energy economics, computation and informatics, higher education, socioeconomic development problems, and mathematical simulation models. It also carried out basic research in mathematics, biology, geology, hydrology, ecology, sociology, political science, political philosophy, science policy, and music. As part of the program for advanced musical formation, the Camerata Bariloche, a chamber music orchestra of world renown, was created. From 1990 to 1991, the Bariloche Foundation had significant direct participation in the preparation of the document Our Own Agenda, sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This document presents a regional vision of the environment and development problem. The Bariloche Foundation is developing a wide program of studies related to human and social development, particularly in connection with energy, the environment, and urban development. It has expanded into areas of basic and applied research on subjects of national and regional interest. The environment program has developed a series of studies on economics and development and elaborated a Manual de las Cuentas del Patrimonio Natural (Handbook of Natural Patrimony Accounts) and other documents on environmental impacts of different socioeconomic activities. This program participates actively in the inventory and mitigation of greenhouse effect gases project that Argentina is carrying out with the support of UNDP and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in order to comply with that country’s obligations within the framework of the Climate Change Convention. The Bariloche Foundation also participates in diverse cultural and artistic activities in San Carlos de Bariloche. It sponsored a survey of musical activities in San Carlos de Bariloche that was the point of departure for a new phase of musical development in the region; it put on permanent display an important collection of Latin American Pre-Colombian Art at the local Museum of Patagonia of the National Parks Administration, and made available to the public of Bariloche its social science library through the services of the Sarmiento Public Library, and its geology library through PROGEBA, a research institute in earth sciences.")
cnt(W8,"The gene is the unit of heredity that occupies a fixed position on a chromosome. Genes achieve their effects by directing protein synthesis. They are composed of DNA, except in some viruses that contain RNA instead. An ""animal"" or ""plant"" character is the result of the expression of tens of thousands of genes and the complex interaction between the products of those genes. By means of biotechnology and genetic engineering, scientists can move one gene, the inherited instruction for specific traits, from one organism to another and omit what they see as undesirable traits. This enables food producers to obtain animal and crop improvements in a much more precise, controlled, and predictable manner. Plant breeders were previously limited to introducing traits within the same botanical family, such as wheat to wheat; only pollen from a compatible parent wheat could be used to fertilize the seed-producing plant. The diversity of traits possible from this combination was limited by these genetic compatibility barriers. Today, gene transfer is not confined within crossbreeding species but can cross genetic barriers such as from corn to tomato. A gene for a single trait can be identified and transferred from many sources. The potential benefits of biotechnology are enormous. Food producers can use new biotechnology to produce new products with desirable characteristics. These include disease- and drought-resistant plants, leaner meat, and enhanced flavor and nutritional quality of foods. This technology has also been used to develop lifesaving vaccines, insulin, cancer treatment, and other pharmaceuticals to improve quality of life. However, gene transfer technology has been called into question by some scientists who contend that horizontal gene transfer is designed to cross species barriers and to jump into genomes, and that it has homologies to the DNA of many species and their genetic parasites (plasmids, transposons, and viruses), thereby enhancing recombination with all of them. Transgenic constructs contain new combinations of genes that have never existed, and they also amplify gene products that have never been part of our food chain. So the horizontal gene transfer could represent several health risks, such as antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria; disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases; or transgenic DNA inserting into human cells, triggering cancer.")
cnt(W9,"""A set of agreed cost-effective measures and actions, including future courses of action, which ensures prudent foresight, reduces or avoids risk to the resource, the environment, and the people, to the extent possible, taking explicitly into account existing uncertainties and the potential consequences of being wrong."" (Garcia, 1996).")
cnt(W10,"""Ampferer-type"" of subduction, in which the lower plate of continental or oceanic crust is underthrust below the upper continental plate and remains preserved within the lithosphere.")
cnt(W11,"""Benioff-type"" of subduction, whereby an oceanic lithosphere sinks directly into the mantle along an inclined surface.")
cnt(W12,"""bride price"", usually paid in cattle, for the purpose of providing a form of insurance for the safety of women in Xhosa society.")
cnt(W13,"""Burndown"" herbicide that when applied kills plants unless they have been genetically modified for tolerance of the herbicide.")
cnt(W14,"""Careless harvesting"" is a relative term. A variety of techniques can be used during harvesting. The more effort that is placed on collecting every seed, the more expensive the harvest becomes. There is a cost/benefit point at which it is more efficient to stop collecting seeds and pursue other food sources. It is likely that harvesting techniques left a substantial number of seeds in the field. The same situation occurs today, where mechanical harvesters recover a substantial proportion of the crop, but they never collect everything. On some potato farms today people are allowed to forage in the fields after the mechanical harvest has been completed. With seed grains, pigs and other animals are often turned loose on fields after the mechanical harvest is completed. In both cases, edible seeds and tubers remain, but the price a farmer can get for his harvest does not justify the additional effort.")
cnt(W15,"""Catch of species other than the intended target species in a fishing operation. By-catch can either be discarded or landed"" (Alverson et al., 1994).")
cnt(W16,"""Closed"" rearing system in which some amount of water is periodically lost or removed, and then replaced.")
cnt(W17,"""Containing"", in a logical sense. A procedure p is said to embed another procedure q if every time p is performed, q is too, but not vice-versa. Notice that p is at a metalevel with respect to q.")
cnt(W19,"""Creative work undertaken on a systematic level in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.""")
cnt(W20,"""Data about the data"" or data that describes the characteristics of a spatial dataset such as the custodian of the data, its quality, geographic extent, format, structure, update frequency, access procedures and/or restrictions, and any reports or other documents that relate to its usage.")
cnt(W21,"""Depiction of life."" Depicting what is before one’s eyes, as it is. The ideal of writers who aimed especially at fidelity to nature.")
cnt(W22,"""Designing sustainable solutions"" is based on an analysis of needs and a search for sustainable, positive solutions. This implies the definition of a point ""zero"" which separates sustainable from nonsustainable solutions on a axis of sustainability. Example:ecologic mobility can be defined as ""methods"" which enable people to move faster over longer distances while consuming the same energy as on foot. Bicycles and elevators qualify in this sense as ""methods"" of ecologic mobility. Designing sustainable solutions means to look primarily for new or improved ""methods"" on the right (positive) side of point ""zero,"" with respect to ecologic, social and economic issues.")
cnt(W23,"""development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"".")
cnt(W24,"""Flow"" is placed against the concept of ""stock"". National income or net domestic product (NDP) comes from value added and constitutes flow in an economy, which means the flow of goods or materials and services. Moreover, flow consists of not only NDP but also immediate consumption in industry, including depreciation or depletion of assets in production. On the other hand, national income or NDP consists of consumption (final consumption) and investment or savings. Investment adds to stock. The wealth of a nation is the sum of nationally aggregated assets or stock, which produces value added as capital. Stock consists of goods or material and, concretely, is represented by machines, tools, buildings, infrastructure, land, etc.")
cnt(W26,"""Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point."" A food safety management system that identifies, monitors, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety and which uses an in-process, preventive approach to assure the safety of the end product.")
cnt(W27,"""I novel."" A form of novel that evolved in the Meiji period (1868-1912) told in the first person and directly based on the author’s own personal emotions and reactions; also called shi-shosetsu.")
cnt(W28,"""in the body""")
cnt(W29,"""Japanese verse,"" later used exclusively to mean tanka.")
cnt(W30,"""job waiters"" and ""off-the-job workers"" were concocted terms. ""Job waiters"" usually refers to people who have reached the working age, but for the time being cannot find jobs. ""Off-the-job workers"" refers to workers who have not terminated their labor contracts with their employers but do not have work to do.")
cnt(W31,"""Linked verse."" Originally a tanka in which the first three 5-7-5 syllable lines were composed by one poet and the concluding two 7-7 syllable lines by another.")
cnt(W32,"""Multi-agent decision making (MADM)"" deals with decision-making with multiple decision-makers. ""Group decision making"" is a synonym of MADM. In some problems multiple decision-makers are conflicting each other, and in another problems they have similar preference.")
cnt(W33,"""Multi-attribute utility function"" is a utility function of multiple attributes that is used for multiple criteria decision making. Each attribute describes a measure to evaluate each criterion.")
cnt(W34,"""Multi-attribute utility"" appears in the multi-attribute utility theory in which each attribute describes a measure to evaluate each criterion of the multiple criteria.")
cnt(W35,"""Multi-objective decision analysis"" is a general term of systems methodology to support various aspects of multiple criteria decision making. There exist two streams of approach. One is multi-objective mathematical programming approach, and the other is utility theoretic approach. In this article the latter approach is employed.")
cnt(W36,"""Natural units"" of behavior; circumscribed and stable systems of human activities that accompany specific spatial-temporal characteristics concomitant with the same behaviors.")
cnt(W37,"""Naturalism,"" specifically Japanese naturalism popular in the first decades of the twentieth century. It was a style of writing fiction which supposedly attempted to achieve the same effects as the European, especially French, naturalism of the nineteenth century.")
cnt(W38,"""New growth,"" tumor or cancer.")
cnt(W39,"""Non-trade"" concern.")
cnt(W40,"""Not In My BackYard syndrome"" opposition out of emotional grounds.")
cnt(W42,"""Of its own kind"", in this case meaning a system of property protection as distinct from patents. It is always used only to refer to plants, but it could, theoretically be a system of property protection for any invention.")
cnt(W43,"""Philosophy"" of the arts. In this context aesthetic includes also ugliness. The original Greek word meant perception, view of the world.")
cnt(W44,"""Picture element"" is the ground area corresponding to a single element of a digital image data set. A two-dimensional ensemble of pixels forms the geometric grid on which an image is built.")
cnt(W45,"""politically correct thinking"", homogenized thinking of one standardizing idea, and a One-Idea-system.")
cnt(W46,"""praise"" singer")
cnt(W47,"""Primeval forest"" or ""virgin forest"" not directly disturbed by settled human activities.")
cnt(W48,"""Programa Ambiental Regional para Centroamérica,"" an environmental program for Central America financed by the US Agency for International Development (USAID)")
cnt(W49,"""programmed cell death"".")
cnt(W50,"""quantifiable"" human influence on climate")
cnt(W51,"""Quiet time"" denotes average over the undisturbed days. Such ""quiet time"" conditions display a regular daily variation, which is identified with the solar day (Sq). Whenever subtracting it, and investigating some additional regularity, a much smaller regular variation is recognized, associated with the lunar-daily variation (L).")
cnt(W52,"""Recovery of Historical Memory"" report by ODHAG.")
cnt(W53,"""reduced gravity"" g??/? where ?? is the density difference between the two layers assumed by this expression")
cnt(W54,"""Refers to the management system as a whole (including support activities such as stock assessment) geared towards the achievement of specific management objectives. A management strategy can be defined more narrowly as the combination of a particular data collection system, a particular stock assessment technique, and a particular harvest control rule and its implementation. In such a way, alternative management strategies can be compared with each other via simulation."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W55,"""Solar"" in its wider definition connotes all aspects of energy sources which can be traced to the action of the sun. These include solar thermal, photovoltaic, biomass, bio energy, wind, and wave energy (and, strictly speaking, also fossil fuels, excluded from our definition). In this sense, ""solar"" describes renewable forms of energy that create neither greenhouse gas emissions nor non-degradable and/or toxic waste. A solar energy economy would exhibit dramatically altered urban development dynamics globally, regionally, and locally.")
cnt(W56,"""Sustainable"" means that youth development has the capacity to be sustained over time. The concept of intergenerational justice linked with sustainability means that sustainability of development can be measured in a real sense only if the process of change results in intergenerational justice that can be maintained over time.")
cnt(W57,"""Talk of things."" A general term for narrative material.")
cnt(W58,"""The application of statistical and mathematical tools to relevant data, in order to obtain a quantitative understanding of the status of the stock as needed to make quantitative predictions of the reactions of the stock to alternative future regimes."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W59,"""The distribution of fishing mortality over the age composition of the stock, determined by the type of fishing gear and the distribution, spatial and seasonal, of fishing, and by the growth and migration of the individuals. In other words, it is the combined effect of gear selectivity and fish availability."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W60,"""The Indian art,"" the Arab term for mathematics.")
cnt(W61,"""The study of circular causal, and feedback mechanisms in biological and social science"" (Macy Conferences); later, ""Communication and control in the animal and the machine"" (Wiener’s eponymous book).")
cnt(W62,"""The study of observed systems"" (von Foerster).")
cnt(W63,"""The study of observing systems"" (von Foerster). Also, the study of cybernetics from a point of view informed by the understandings developed in cybernetics.")
cnt(W64,"""Validity"" is the technical term for the correctness of empirical research. As the research may be correct in more than one way, psychologists are concerned with various types of validity, namely, internal validity, external validity, ecological validity, and practical validity.")
cnt(W65,"""Value function"" usually represents preference of a decision-maker under certainty. ""Value function under risk"" deals with the cases where there exist risks with known probability for each event.")
cnt(W66,"""Way of gods."" Japanese indigenous religion characterized by the worship of nature-ancestor gods.")
cnt(W67,"""weather""-related")
cnt(W68,"""World population is now about 6 billion people. Three billion live with less than 2$ per day, 1.3 billion with less than 1$ per day, and annually 40 million die of hunger. If the present trend goes on, the number of absolute paupers will reach 1.9 billion by 2015, the deadline fixed by the UN to reduce poverty by half. (figures as per 12 October 1999). From : http://www.unic-tunis.intl.tn/poverl.htm")
cnt(W69,"(""coniferous woods"" in Turkic) is a type of biome with coniferous boreal (see boreal climate) woods in temperate zone of Northern hemisphere, in Northern America and Eurasia. The taiga occupies 10 % of dry land of the Earth. In mountains it forms a high-altitude zone (a mountain taiga); on plains it forms a natural zone (a taiga zone) which is located between a forest-tundra zone in the north and a zone of the mixed woods in the south.")
cnt(W70,"(""on site"") In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.")
cnt(W71,"(= biological fungicide), a pest control product derived from a living organism that destroys or suppresses the growth of fungi that cause plant disease.")
cnt(W72,"(= pallial cavity) a cavity enclosing the gills (when present) and, usually, the kidney openings and the anus. It also often contains special structures such as the hypobranchial gland and the osphradium. In most mollusks the mantle cavity opens posteriorly but in gastropods it opens anteriorly. In cephalopods it opens forwards behind the head and has muscular walls that can pump water enabling many squids and their relatives to swim by jet propulsion.")
cnt(W73,"(= shoal, shallows). A water depth, less than the designated depth.")
cnt(W74,"(=Nieuw Amsterdams Peil). National standard of altitude in The Netherlands, based on mean sea level.")
cnt(W75,"(1) A building in which two or more pumps operate to supply fluid flowing at adequate pressure to a distribution system. (2) A building in which are located and operated the pumps of a system of irrigation, drainage or the like.")
cnt(W76,"(1) A device that has a crest and some side containment of geometric shape, such as a rectangle, and is used to measure flow. (2) Diversion dam.")
cnt(W77,"(1) a geological process (usually in upper sedimentary cover) characterized by formation of large hollows (cavities) in rock massif as a result of dissolution of rock material (limestone, salt, gypsum, etc.) by moving water; (2) an area of relief caused by such process resulted in formation of sinks, ravines, and caves with underground streams. of the word ‘karst’ is from the name of a limestone plateau (Italy, Slovenia), north of Trieste.")
cnt(W78,"(1) A process for the purification of mixtures of human and other domestic wastes; the process can be aerobic or anaerobic. (2) The processing of wastewater for the removal or reduction in the level of dissolved solids or other undesirable constituents.")
cnt(W79,"(1) A soft, soupy or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. (2) Any semi-solid waste, as from a chemical process or sewage treatment plant.")
cnt(W80,"(1) ability of natural systems (e.g. groundwater, land, forest, surface water, etc.) and ecosystems to repair (restore, remedy) themselves with time after natural and technogenic accidents and catastrophes (e.g. earthquakes, fires, volcanic eruptions, droughts, accidental chemical or radioactive fallouts, etc.) without external interference; (2) process of such repair.")
cnt(W81,"(1) All subsurface water, as distinct from surface water; that part of the subsurface water in the saturated zone. (2) Subsurface water occupying the saturation zone, from which wells, springs or streams are fed.")
cnt(W82,"(1) Combined use of groundwater and surface water. (2) The joining together of two sources of irrigation water, such as groundwater and surface water, to serve a particular piece of land.")
cnt(W83,"(1) European Foundation for Quality Management; (2) a method for quality management developed by this foundation; (3) a version of this method, especially developed for university organisations")
cnt(W84,"(1) Force acting at right angles to a specified area, N. (2) In rheology, force acting at right angles to an applied shear stress, N.")
cnt(W85,"(1) Hereditary diversity, including the difference between individuals of the same species and that between different species groups; (2) species diversity, which is the different types of animals and plants and other living things in an area; (3) bio-community or ecosystem diversity, which is the diverse habitats in an area such as grassland, marshland, or forest areas; and (4) functional diversity, which is the different functions of living things in a system. Biodiversity has the value of utility.")
cnt(W86,"(1) Household and commercial wastewater that contains human waste. (2) Water polluted by and discharged from all types of sanitary appliances, including medical, industrial, domestic, etc.")
cnt(W87,"(1) In classical fluid mechanics, a synonym of coefficient of viscosity used to distinguish this quantity from kinematic viscosity, ? , Pa.s. (2) In rheology, quotient of the part of stress in phase with the rate of strain under sinusoidal conditions, ? ’, Pa.s.")
cnt(W88,"(1) mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated, or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable quantities in nature, as by the action of pressure, heat, water, etc., during geological processes. (2) a particular kind of such matter:igneous rock, sedimentary rock.")
cnt(W89,"(1) Movement of layer of material relative to parallel adjacent layers. (2) Abbreviation of shear strain.")
cnt(W90,"(1) Practicality. People can use natural resources. This is the basic property of natural resources. Natural resources usually have many uses, or many functions. There is a very close relation between the practicality and rarity of natural resources. (2) Systematism. Every natural resource is a complicated system that does not exist alone but interrelates, influences, and interacts with other natural resources. However, in this system, each resource exists independently, with its own characteristics. (3) Irregularity and regionality of spatial distribution. The combinations and match of resources vary in different regions. Utilization of natural resources in line with local conditions is a basic principle.")
cnt(W91,"(1) Qualitatively, property of a material that increasingly resists deformation as rate of deformation increases. (2) Quantitatively, measure of this property, defined as shear stress divided by the rate of shear in steady simple-shear flow.")
cnt(W92,"(1) The liquid or solid products of the condensation of water vapor falling from clouds or deposited from air on the ground. It includes rain, snow, mist, hail, dew, sleet, glaze, rime, frost, hoar frost, ice needles, etc., not including fog, ice fog, drifting snow, ice crystals, etc. (2) The amount of precipitation on a horizontal surface in an hour, a day, a month or a year.")
cnt(W93,"(1) The means for determining the outcome of a dispute by resort to general principles of right that are recognized as law. (2) The mechanisms adopted in a legal system to mitigate the burdens created by overly strict applications of law to specific circumstances. (3) The body of laws that arise through the operation of equity according to definition (1) or for the purpose of definition (2).")
cnt(W95,"(1) The obtaining, use, and discard of materials and energy by households and individuals; (2) the same as version one, but including governments and firms; (3) all human and human-induced transformations of material and energy.")
cnt(W96,"(1) The removal of surface water or groundwater from a given area by natural means such as gravity, or by artificial means such as pumping. (2) The process of surface discharge of water from an area by stream flow and sheet flow, and the removal of excess water from soil by downward flow.")
cnt(W97,"(1) the state or quality of rock to be porous. (2) The ratio of aggregated pore space to the volume of the entire mass:used as a measure of the amount of fluid, as water, oil or gas, that a geologic stratum might hold.")
cnt(W98,"(1980s) era of stagnant and/or regressive economic growth in Latin America.")
cnt(W99,"(1a,2ß,3a?4a?5a?6ß)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane")
cnt(W101,"(a) conflicts (possibly violent) induced by scarcity or degradation of renewable resources; (b) conflicts of interest that arise over the utilisation of renewable resources with negative consequences on other actors")
cnt(W102,"(a) Defined according to DeFelice (1979) as foods, or parts of food, that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. (b) Defined according to Zeisel (1999) as diet supplements that deliver a concentrated form of a presumed bioactive agent from a food (i.e. at dosage levels exceeding those that could be obtained from normal food), presented in a non–food matrix, and used to enhance health.")
cnt(W103,"(a) Susceptibility to loss, damage, destruction or casualty in future disasters; or (b) potential for loss or harm.")
cnt(W104,"(Abbr. BW)Also known as germ warfare is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary.")
cnt(W105,"(abbreviated as 'ant') one of the features in distinctive feature theory. It is relevant only for coronals, which are specified as ? +ant? if they are articulated not further back in the oral cavity than the coronal ridge.")
cnt(W107,"(according to Lvi-Strauss) consider change as normal.")
cnt(W108,"(according to Lvi-Strauss) defined by the will to prevent any change. Things repeat themselves unceasingly. But that ""cold"" cultures are not out of history and not without history.")
cnt(W109,"(According to the Beijing Platform of Action) Are ""the recognition of the basic right that all couples and individuals have to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children, and to have the information, and the means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. It also includes the right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion, and violence, as expressed in human rights documents.""")
cnt(W110,"(alkalinophile, basophile), an organism that grows best under alkline conditions, such as in soda lakes etc.")
cnt(W111,"(Also aquatic plants/macroalgae) multicellular primary producers growing in salt water. In the context of marine harvests these three terms are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W112,"(also called hue or color) refers to the relative brightness or color of elements on a photograph.")
cnt(W113,"(also called interstem) is a portion of stem grafted between the scion and an understock. It can act as a bridge between two incompatible graft partners, or more commonly act to reduce or dwarf the scion without significantly affecting root growth in the understock.")
cnt(W114,"(also called microtubers) are produced in tissue culture for crops that normally produce tubers. They can be used as a source of disease free plants or as a micropropagation method.")
cnt(W115,"(also called Ockam's razor) the principle that in scientific or philosophical argumants one should prefer the hypothesis that assumes the minimum number of steps or the minimum number of assumptions. In fact there are several different locical and mathematical implementations of this general principle and they produce different results")
cnt(W116,"(Also called partial achievement function):a scalarizing function, which reflects the level of satisfaction of the user for each value of a criterion.")
cnt(W117,"(also called point, one-dimensional, or omnidirectional waves) are vertical fluctuations of the water surface elevation at a fixed point or location")
cnt(W118,"(also called synseeds) are somatic embryos encapsulated in a protective cover that could be a source of clonal seeds for propagation.")
cnt(W119,"(also corporation, enterprise) a private organization to manufacture, produce, and sell goods and services in markets, governed by managers for the benefit of its investors under the laws and charters of the various countries in which it operates.")
cnt(W120,"(also described as biotic equations)are difference equations that model bipolar feedback. They generate steady state equilibrium, periodicities, chaos and bios.")
cnt(W121,"(also drainage basin, watershed). An integrated drainage system comprising the pathways of water movements, from where precipitation falls on the land surface to its outlet via streams and rivers to the sea (or wetlands, lakes, dams, estuaries). The term usually refers to surface water but it can also include groundwater movements.")
cnt(W122,"(Also known as conditioning plot) sequence of plots, often presented as an array, each panel containing a plot of a response versus a predictor where the displayed observations are those whose value of another predictor is within a specified range. The set of conditioning ranges usually spans the entire range of the second predictor variable. See also trellis displays.")
cnt(W123,"(also known as induction or B-field) A vector field defined by B = µoH in free space and B = µo(H + M) within a magnet, where µo = 4p 3 1027 TmA-1.")
cnt(W124,"(also known as magnetizing force or H-field) A vector field occupying physical space wherein magnetic forces may be detected; typically in the presence of a permanent magnet or a current-carrying conductor.")
cnt(W125,"(Also often called Hydraulic Residence Time). The average time a fluid particle remains in a vessel, defined as volume of the vessel divided by flow rate of the fluid applied to the vessel.")
cnt(W126,"(also referred to as “halocarbons”) compounds of carbon and halogens (normally fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine), many of which are involved in the depletion of the ozone layer; the group includes chlorofluorocarbons")
cnt(W127,"(also referred to as soil peds or soil aggregates) aggregation of primary particles (sand, silt, and clay) and organic matter with individual structural units separated by pores and planes of weaknesses. Soil structure is the real architecture of soil. Common types of structure include granular, blocky, prismatic, and platy.")
cnt(W128,"(also spelled mollusc). Phylum Molluska, comprising clams, snails, and all the shellfish.")
cnt(W129,"(also:  'prosodic') an attribute given to phonological phenomena associated with units larger than individual segments.")
cnt(W130,"(also: 'unary', 'monovalent', 'privative') attribute given to a distinctive feature which, as opposed to binary features, is single-valued, such as place features like 'labial'. Segments are seen as either having such a feature or not being specified for it.")
cnt(W131,"(as opposed to a ‘top-down’ approach) There is little doubt that there will continue to be a increasing emphasis on giving the public user groups more responsibility in the planning and management of systems. This has resulted from a growing recognition that top-down planning and management plans do not always work well.")
cnt(W132,"(Bible) the first book of the Old Testament, describing the creation of the world")
cnt(W133,"(Biogenics) chemical elements necessary for growth and development of vegetation. The main nutrients are carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In aquatic ecosystems increased nutrient concentrations stimulate the process of eutrophication, negatively influencing water quality and aquatic biota.")
cnt(W134,"(biomass of plants) cumulated value of ecosystem production for certain age interval. It serves as initial estimate for calculating of biological resources and carbon stock.")
cnt(W135,"(Central American System of Protected Areas)")
cnt(W136,"(cf. modernization):A currently popular, but problematic, social theory concept which refers to the idea of overcoming social and ecological problems and all negative consequences caused by the modernization process itself by making this process reflexive (i.e., by being aware of and taking into account the fact that societal modernization not only solves problems but is a source for problems itself).")
cnt(W137,"(curing compounds; accelerators; bonding agents and sealers) various chemical added to uncured concrete to alter it’s properties.")
cnt(W138,"(dam, Holland) is a construction in the form of a soil embankment, having in most cases, trapezoidal cross section, a very stable form of construction.")
cnt(W139,"(digester, latrine, pigsty and green house)")
cnt(W140,"(duality of patterning) a fundamental feature of human language, as opposed to other systems of communication, referring to the analyzability of language into two abstract levels, one consisting of meaningful units and one consisting of segments which in themselves do not carry meaning, but combined together produce meaningful units.")
cnt(W141,"(e.g. particle size) distribution with several maximum values.")
cnt(W142,"(ENSO:El Niño-Southern Oscillation) periodic climate oscillation that affects the Pacific Ocean every 5-7 years and last approximately 1 year. During the ENSO the trade winds and the resulting south equatorial current weaken or stop. The equatorial upwelling also stops and abnormally high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) establish over the eastern Pacific, while the western Pacific is cooler than usual. El Niño is followed by La Niña during which opposite conditions prevail. The 1997-1998 ENSO was the strongest of the century, perhaps of the millennium.")
cnt(W143,"(Environmental Impact Assessment) Identification and prediction of impacts on the environment and human health and well-being of legislative proposals, policies, programs, projects and operational procedures and to interpret and communicate information about the impact.")
cnt(W144,"(f+?)/h where h is a layer depth in this case (? is vorticity); this is conserved in a frictionless ocean.")
cnt(W145,"(fish) moving from the sea to fresh water for reproduction")
cnt(W146,"(Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) index), an index that allows for more adequate evaluation of income differentiation among the poor. It gives relatively greater weight to the poverty shortfalls of those households far below the poverty line.")
cnt(W147,"(fr. langue d’élaboration, engl. ausbau language / elaborated language): language variety or language form that is on the way of becoming a separate language as a consequence of extra-linguistic processes explicitly aiming at raising the status of the language variety under consideration.")
cnt(W148,"(fr. langue par distanciation, engl. abstand language / language by distance): language that, in matters of structural features and mutual intercomprehensibility, differs to such an extent from or is so distant to another language form that it cannot be regarded as a dialect of this language.")
cnt(W149,"(French, commonly taken over in other languages):  Dense and thick vegetal association that characterizes siliceous soils in Mediterranean countries.")
cnt(W150,"(French, commonly taken over in other languages): Low and sparse secondary vegetation of calcareous soils after forest destruction in Mediterranean countries.")
cnt(W151,"(from a classical thermodynamics point of view) is a property designated S and is defined as dS=(dQ/T)int rev.")
cnt(W152,"(from Greek pyr-fire and klao- to brake) detrital rocks formed during volcanic eruptions.")
cnt(W154,"(From the Greek word rheo -   to flow). This is the study of flow and deformation of matter, which investigates the relationship between the forces acting on matter and the resulting deformation over a given period.")
cnt(W156,"(From the Mayan ts’onot, well) flooded collapse depression on flat limestone plain.")
cnt(W157,"(general definition) the conscious human modification of forests to provide a sustained supply of specific resources, non-resource values and environmental services; (specific definition) the application of scientific principles to the administration of a forest area to achieve identified management objectives:intermediate in hierarchy between policy and silviculture.")
cnt(W158,"(German organization.) TUV provides CE Marking Services, Product Safety Services, EMC Testing, and Quality Assurance Services in accordance with ISO 9000 and EN 46000 series standards.")
cnt(W159,"(Gletscher in German) Mass of the ice which moves very slowly down a mountain valley. Ice, formed abowe firn line (snow line) from the firn and snow, as a result of snow metamorphizm.")
cnt(W160,"(GNP)")
cnt(W161,"(hydrological cycle) is a continuous and closed process of circulation of water on earth. Water cycle may be divided simply into four parts: precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration and storage in the air or in the land")
cnt(W162,"(i) Adjective referring to an environmental factor (for example, oxygen) that is always required for growth or (ii) organism that can grow and reproduce only by obtaining carbon and other nutrients from a living host, such as obligate symbiont.")
cnt(W163,"(i) Atmospheric (ionospheric)—results from the thermal tide in the ionosphere, it is responsible for Sq and L currents; and (ii) geodynamo (or deep earth’s)—operative in terms of magnetohydrodynamic processes in the earth’s core, and responsible for the generation of the main magnetic field of the earth.")
cnt(W164,"(i) Having molecular oxygen as a part of the environment, (ii) growing only in the presence of molecular oxygen, as in aerobic organisms, or (iii) occurring only in the presence of molecular oxygen, as in certain chemical or biochemical processes such as aerobic respiration.")
cnt(W165,"(i) The absence of molecular oxygen, (ii) growing in the absence of molecular oxygen, or (iii) occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen.")
cnt(W166,"(I). A numerical index (generally from I to XII) describing effects of an earthquake on the Earth's surface, on humans, structures and/or the land itself. The intensity at the point depends not only on a strength of the earthquake (magnitude) but also on a distance from the earthquake to the point, spectral characteristics, and the local geology at that point. Structural engineers usually contribute information for assigning intensity VII or above.")
cnt(W167,"(immunology + biotechnology) includes production of derivatives of the immune system by means of biotechnology and utilization of these products for prophylaxis, diagnostics and therapy.")
cnt(W168,"(in arctic or subarctic regions) permanently frozen subsoil ground.")
cnt(W169,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is ""Endangered"" when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Endangered as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W170,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is ""Vulnerable"" when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for ""Vulnerable"" as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W171,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Critically Endangered as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W172,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed ""Extinct in the Wild"" when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.")
cnt(W173,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), and throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.")
cnt(W174,"(in organic chemistry): An organic ring structure incorporating a metal ion which becomes inactivated and, thus, becomes unavailable to plants.")
cnt(W175,"(in reference to proteins):an amino acid.")
cnt(W176,"(in Russian): the State Plan of Electrification of Russia—the first long-term concrete program in Soviet Russia for reconstruction and industrialization of economy after the Civil War.")
cnt(W177,"(includes leach drains, drain fields, absorption trenches, seepage beds, and seepage pits) subsurface land application systems that rely on the capacity of the soil to accept and transmit the applied hydraulic load.")
cnt(W178,"(internal) energy (J)")
cnt(W179,"(ISO:volumic mass) is a measure of mass per unit of volume.")
cnt(W180,"(Kartennull or Seekartennull). Local mean low water level.")
cnt(W181,"(knowledge-based economy) A term used to denote an economy that is centrally dependent on knowledge as a factor of production.")
cnt(W182,"(Lesotho) Highlands Church Solidarity Action Group.")
cnt(W183,"(LIght Detection And Ranging) or (Light Identification, Detection And Ranging).")
cnt(W184,"(Liquefied natural gas) Natural gas is liquefied for transportation from the production area.")
cnt(W185,"(Log-) location-scale family (a family of distributions with a special parametric structure).")
cnt(W186,"(Log-) location-scale family (a family of distributions with a special parametric structure).")
cnt(W187,"(Luni-solar) periodic motion of Earth’s rotation axis in space.")
cnt(W188,"(mad cow disease) A fatal brain disease in cattle that may be transmissible to humans through contaminated beef. It is thought to be linked to a similar disease in sheep called scrapie and is suspected of being related to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans.")
cnt(W189,"(MDI) Methylene di-P phenylene isocyanate., a common adhesive used in engineered wood products.")
cnt(W190,"(Messenger RNA) is an RNA transcript that includes the coding sequences for at least one peptide.")
cnt(W191,"(microns to several hundreds of microns). Present in all marine regions, they can be extremely important. They use cilia for locomotion, and eventually food capture. They feed on small phytoflagellates and zooflagellates, small diatoms and bacteria.")
cnt(W192,"(Molten carbonate fuel cells) Molten carbonate fuel cells use carbonate salts of alkali metals as electrolyte.")
cnt(W193,"(of a disease) temporarily prevalent and widespread in an animal population.")
cnt(W194,"(of a substance) defined as the enthalpy change for a reaction in which one mole is completely reacted with oxygen.")
cnt(W195,"(of natural resources) the sustainable use and continued protection of natural resources to ensure they are not depleted.")
cnt(W196,"(of shear test sample) The condition where the consolidating load acting on a sample at shear failure is just adequate to contain the sample at constant volume during the shearing process. See critical state.")
cnt(W197,"(of the comb of the dam, of the water level) is a vertical distance from horizontal plane, accepted as the beginning of the mark fill the examined element.")
cnt(W198,"(of the marine environment is a complex of various actions of human society, resulting in an increased level of harmful substances and appearance of new compounds in the marine environment as well as in excessive increase of temperature, noise, radiation, etc.")
cnt(W199,"(often abbreviated to “climate change” and sometimes referred to as “global warming”) changes in global and regional climate caused directly or indirectly by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases")
cnt(W200,"(or nubbin) very small coral colony propagated in aquarium from cuttings; isolated polyps or fragments of branches.")
cnt(W201,"(Or photolysis) A chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of light by one or more of the reactants.")
cnt(W202,"(or simply, Equilibrium) A strategy vector from which unilateral deviations are not profitable.")
cnt(W203,"(or wishes) are socially determined and they have a deep influence on individual’s consumer behavior.")
cnt(W204,"(Orig.) The science of planning and directing large-scale military operations and of maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual engagement with the enemy. In land use planning: Coordinated action involving the set up of technical tools and steps for achieving policy objectives.")
cnt(W205,"(Pacto Andino – Acuerdo Cartagena) a Cartage accord constituting a subregional association of Andean States for economic integration in the form of a common market.")
cnt(W206,"(Parallel strand lumber) a structural engineered wood product made from long strips of wood laid in parallel and glued under heat and pressure into beams.")
cnt(W207,"(PC) A general-purpose microprocessor system designed to interface to a large variety of peripherals that may be useful to the general user.")
cnt(W208,"(PGA). The maximum value of ground motion acceleration as it is displayed on an accelerogram. At the strongest earthquakes the PGA can exceed the value of acceleration of gravity.")
cnt(W209,"(Phosphoric acid fuel cells) Phosphoric acid fuel cells use phosphoric acid solution as electrolyte")
cnt(W210,"(Photochemical or oxidizing smog) Air pollution events characterized by the presence of combustion-generated nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and aerosols, along with the photochemical reaction products ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates, and aerosols.")
cnt(W211,"(plural of mitochondrion) A tiny organ within the inner structure of all living things consisting of two sets of membranes – a smooth outer coat and an inner coat arranged in small tubes. Most cells have hundreds or thousands of mitochondria which can occupy up to 25% of the cell's volume. In the human body, mitochondria's principal function is to convert, via specialized enzymes, the potential energy of organic material (food molecules) absorbed by a cell into the nucleic acid ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which can be used by all the energy-consuming activities of that cell. [See above for definition of enzymes.]")
cnt(W212,"(PM) includes both solid particles and liquid droplets found in air. Many man-made and natural sources emit PM directly or emit other pollutants that react in the atmosphere to form PM. These solid and liquid particles come in a wide range of sizes. Particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter tend to pose the greatest health concern because they can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system.")
cnt(W213,"(polder, Holland) is the name of the melioration system that has a dam as a necessary element for protecting the territory from the sea, river, lake or reservoir floods.")
cnt(W214,"(Polymerase chain reaction) A technique that uses DNA polymerase from a thermophilic bacterium and two primers to make any copies of a given region of DNA occurring between sequences complementary to the primers. This technique is largely employed in gene identification and molecular markers.")
cnt(W215,"(preferred) noise criterion")
cnt(W216,"(preferred) speech interference level")
cnt(W217,"(Pronounced) change in position and sometimes intensity of an electronic absorption or emission band, accompanying a change in solvent polarity.")
cnt(W218,"(qualitative) assessments which describe the characteristics, qualities and behaviour of soils for a given use in terms of the limitations inherent in that soil for that use (Aandahl, 1958).")
cnt(W219,"(Quantitative Trait Locus) A genomic region containing a gene or cluster of genes influencing the expression of a quantitatively inherited trait.")
cnt(W220,"(Regrowth) Young forests that have regenerated after a previous forest has been cleared (often in Latin America on abandoned former pastures).")
cnt(W221,"(said of a contaminant): Being able to readily decompose by biological means, especially by microbial action.")
cnt(W222,"(scales) circular in shape in which the circuli are normally continuous.")
cnt(W223,"(scales) having the posterior edge with teeth which may interrupt the circuli (ridges); comb-shaped.")
cnt(W224,"(See Gillnet) Driftnets consist of a string of gillnets and are used in the open sea to catch fish and other marine organisms near the surface. They may drift independently, accompanied by a vessel, but generally they are fastened to a boat that drifts with them.")
cnt(W225,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W226,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W227,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W228,"(see:Aeration zone).")
cnt(W229,"(SEM), very high resolution image produced by detecting secondary electrons (SE) or back-scattered electrons (BSE) emitted from an electron beam focused on a sample.")
cnt(W230,"(singular flagellum) An organelle consisting of microtubules surrounded by a membrane. Capable of movement, often used to propel a cell.")
cnt(W231,"(singular mycorrhiza) associations between roots and fungi beneficial to the fungus and to the host whose roots are colonized by the fungus")
cnt(W232,"(Social Impact Assessment) Similar to EIA but concerned with social impacts.")
cnt(W233,"(sola, pl.) the portion of a soil profile where active pedogenesis has occurred, normally this includes all horizons except the C and/or R.")
cnt(W234,"(Solid oxide fuel cells) Solid oxide fuel cells use oxide conductors as electrolyte.")
cnt(W235,"(sometimes called Inclosure) Historically it meant an act of freeing land from rights of common, and generally all rights interfering with the landlord’s cultivation and productive employment of labor on the soil.")
cnt(W236,"(spirulina platensis) A blue-green micro-algae found in warm alkaline fresh water bodies. The algae is a highly concentrated source of nutrients containing amino-acids (the building blocks of proteins), vitamins, chelated minerals (minerals bonded to an amino-acid thus facilitating assimilation by the body) and essential fatty acids (fats which cannot be metabolized by the body and must be obtained from food).")
cnt(W237,"(Strategic Environmental Assessment) This aims to assess the environmental/social effects of proposed policies, plans, and programs (PPPs), governing sectoral activities such as power generation, agriculture, industry, tourism.")
cnt(W238,"(such as, for example, the information industries) critical sources of innovation for the global economy, initially centered on the world powers")
cnt(W239,"(Sulfurous or reducing smog) Air pollution events characterized by high levels of sulfur dioxide and particulates.")
cnt(W240,"(synonymous with iron crust) Hardened mass cemented by iron oxides.")
cnt(W241,"(synonymous with saprolite, weathering zone) Levels located between the unweathered bedrock and the soil horizons.")
cnt(W242,"(technical examination) - a verification measure to establish that a tested object complies with its technical requirements and specifications.")
cnt(W243,"(the 'anvil') the central of the three ossicles in the middle ear transmitting the vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear.")
cnt(W244,"(this term comes from the Greek word klima, which is literally means an inclination of a terrestrial surface to solar beams) it is the long-term mode of weather in this or that region of the Earth which is the result of the processes of inflow of thermal, kinetic and other kinds of energy and its transformation under the evaporation, condensation and transport of moisture. (The other variant of this term - climate. The long-term mode of weather factors which is typical for given area).")
cnt(W245,"(Tonne Dry Stuff). This method is lately used for the determination of dredged quantities of soil as a basis for payment. If the payment is based on the volume of the dredged sludge, measured in the hopper hold, the Employer also pays for the water content in the sludge. Modern trailing suction hopper dredgers are equiped with a data acquisition measurement system for determination of the density of the load, based on the rate of displacement of the vessel. As a result, only the quantity of dredged solid soil is taken into account for payment.")
cnt(W246,"(Tree cover or canopy cover) The proportion of the land area which has foliage or canopy directly overhead. Thus a dense, closed forest would have 100 percent canopy cover while a woodland of scattered trees might have 5 percent or 10 percent cover.")
cnt(W247,"(U.S.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration.")
cnt(W248,"(Ultraviolet-B) Solar radiation in the wavelength range 290-320 nm.")
cnt(W249,"(UN) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution")
cnt(W250,"(un)official policy and administration by which minorities (racial, ethnic, class, sex orientation) are restricted in their need and intent for housing location and access to housing services, infrastructure and properly equipped neighborhoods.")
cnt(W251,"(UNFCCC usage) A change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.")
cnt(W252,"(United Nations) Commission on Sustainable Development")
cnt(W253,"(US) Environmental Protection Agency.")
cnt(W255,"(US) Federal Aviation Administration")
cnt(W256,"(US) National Science Foundation.")
cnt(W257,"(US) Office of Management and Budget.")
cnt(W258,"(US) Office of Technology Assessment.")
cnt(W259,"(USA) Environmental Protection Agency")
cnt(W260,"(wafer board) Oriented strand board, a structural engineered wood panel made from large chips of wood laid in patterns and glued under heat and pressure.")
cnt(W261,"(with reference to an enzyme reaction):an enzyme reaction in which that produces one stereoisomer (chiral form) rather than another.")
cnt(W262,"(with reference to an enzyme reaction):an enzyme reaction that proceeds by a unique course even though more than one course is formally possible, e.g. an addition that occurs at only one atom of an unsymmetrical olefin.")
cnt(W263,"(Zoological film) gelatinous-like film that forms on the surface of inert materials, forming the media in a biological filter; it can contain bacteria, protozoa and fungi, and is the site where organic matter in the wastewater is oxidized or degraded.")
cnt(W264,"(? = m/V) mass, m divided by volume, V.")
cnt(W265,", "" defined, by the Clean Water Act in USA, as any discernible confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharge. ")
cnt(W266,", a chemical agent which is destructive to nematodes (round worms or threadworms). ")
cnt(W267,", a chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants.")
cnt(W269,", a geologic formation(s) that is water bearing. A geological formation or structure that stores and/or transmits water, such as to wells and springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to those water-bearing formations capable of yielding water in sufficient quantity to constitute a usable supply for people's uses. ")
cnt(W270,", a group of organisms interacting among themselves and with their environment")
cnt(W271,", a group of the coliform bacteria originated in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals that pass into the environment in feces. Fecal coliform is often used as an indicator of the bacteriological safety of a domestic water supply. ")
cnt(W272,", a land area from which water reaches to the zone of saturation.")
cnt(W273,", a management plan that considers:1) what water will be used for, 2) setting levels to protect those uses, 3) implementing and enforcing the water treatment plans and 4) protecting existing high quality waters. ")
cnt(W274,", a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more plant nutrients in a readily available form.")
cnt(W275,", a measure of concentration of a dissolved material in terms of a mass ratio (0.001 milligrams per kilogram, g kg-1 ). ")
cnt(W276,", a numerical measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. The pH scale ranges from 1 (acidic) to 14 (alkaline). A pH of 7 is neutral.")
cnt(W277,", a pesticide compound specifically used to kill or control the growth of insects.")
cnt(W278,", a relatively small, confined area for raising cattle that results in lower costs but may concentrate large amounts of animal wastes. The soil cannot absorb such large amounts of excrement, and runoff from feedlots pollutes nearby waterways with nutrients. ")
cnt(W279,", a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. ")
cnt(W280,", a well that provides water to a small population, less than 25 people")
cnt(W281,", a well that supplies water to more than 25 people. ")
cnt(W282,", also adsorb, fixation:The attachment of a particle, ion or molecule to a surface. Calcium is adsorbed onto the surface of clay or humus. ")
cnt(W283,", an area over which the concentration of a chemical involved in an accidental release could reach the level of concern. ")
cnt(W284,", an area that is regularly saturated by surface or ground water and subsequently is characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Examples include:swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries. ")
cnt(W285,", an area towards which groundwater runs or is delivered to the soil surface. ")
cnt(W286,", an artificial excavation put down by any method for the purposes of withdrawing water from the underground aquifers. A bored, drilled, or driven shaft, or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and whose purpose is to reach underground water supplies or oil, or to store or bury fluids below ground. ")
cnt(W287,", an essential element that can contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies.")
cnt(W288,", any foreign unnatural, biological, chemical, physical, or radiological substance present in another substance. ")
cnt(W290,", any unwanted chemical or change in physical property that renders a water supply unfit for its intended use. ")
cnt(W291,", any vegetated land that is grazed or that has the potential to be grazed by animals.")
cnt(W292,", are forested buffer areas that protect watersheds.")
cnt(W293,", assessment of elements in the community that are susceptible to damage should a release of hazardous materials occur. ")
cnt(W294,", Clean Water Act. Public Law PL 92-500. Found at 40 CFR 100-140 and 400-470. Effective November 18, 1972, and amended significantly since then. EPA and Army Corps of Engineers have jurisdiction. CWA regulates the discharge of nontoxic and toxic pollutants into surface waters. Its ultimate goal is to eliminate all discharges into surface waters. Its interim goal is to make surface waters usable for fishing, swimming, etc. EPA sets guidelines, and states issue permits (NPDES, Natural Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit) specifying the types of control equipment and discharges for each facility. ")
cnt(W295,", flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface.")
cnt(W296,", in bands, next to each row of plants in a field.")
cnt(W297,", in pesticides, the spreading of chemicals over or next to each row of plants in a field.")
cnt(W298,", include products used for controlling weeds (herbicides), insects (insecticides), fungus (fungicides), nematodes (nematodicides). ")
cnt(W299,", includes items that are not point source pollutants and originate from a diffuse area. It is more difficult to pin-point a specific origin. A field that has a run off is a non point source as a large area is responsible for the polluting load. ")
cnt(W300,", intrusion of undesirable elements. The addition of foreign matter to a substance which reduces the value of the substance, or interferes with its intended use.")
cnt(W301,", is precipitation or irrigation water that does not infiltrate but flows over the land surface toward a surface drain, eventually making its way to a river, lake or an ocean.")
cnt(W302,", land area where precipitation runs off into streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is a land feature that can be identified by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge. Large drainage basins, like the area that drains into the Mississippi River contain thousands of smaller drainage basins. Also called a ""watershed."" ")
cnt(W303,", land devoted to the production of indigenous or introduced forage for harvest primarily by grazing. ")
cnt(W304,", land on which the indigenous vegetation (climax or natural potential) is predominantly grasses grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs and is managed as a natural ecosystem. If plants are introduced, they are managed as indigenous species.")
cnt(W305,", nitrogen in organic material.")
cnt(W306,", non arable seeding technique which protects the soil from erosion, and that require pesticides to control weeds")
cnt(W307,", pesticides which are used to control, prevent, or destroy fungi.")
cnt(W308,", pollution sources which are diffuse and do not have a single point of origin or are not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outlet. The pollutants are generally carried off the land by stormwater runoff. The commonly used categories for non-point sources are: agriculture, forestry, urban, mining, construction, dams and channels, land disposal, and saltwater intrusion.")
cnt(W309,", process by which water is added to the zone of saturation, as recharge of an aquifer. ")
cnt(W310,", residue of raw materials or waste separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores.")
cnt(W311,", soil suitable for crop cultivation.")
cnt(W312,", the addition of enough harmful or objectionable material to damage water quality. ")
cnt(W313,", the controlled application of water for agricultural purposes through manmade systems in order to supply water requirements not satisfied by rainfall. ")
cnt(W314,", the discharge of a contaminant or contaminants dissolved in water flowing from animal production or industrial facilities, or waste water treatment plants. ")
cnt(W315,", the elements C, H, O, P, K, N, S, Ca, Mg, K, B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Co, Si and F. These must be taken up and utilized in sufficient quantities for plants to complete their life cycles.")
cnt(W316,", the land area that drains water to a particular stream, river, or lake. It is a land feature that can be identified by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge. Large watersheds, like the Mississippi River basin contain thousands of smaller drainage basin. (see drainage basin)")
cnt(W317,", the movement of water into or through a porous material. Seepage occurs from canals, ditches, and other water storage facilities. It sometimes is used to describe water escaping from municipal landfill sites.")
cnt(W318,", the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate by microorganisms. ")
cnt(W319,", the physical uptake of water and/or ions by a substance. For example, soils absorb water.")
cnt(W320,", the process by which nutrient chemicals or contaminants are dissolved and carried away by water, or are moved into a lower layer of soil. ")
cnt(W321,", the process by which water enters the soil and eventually reaches the saturated zone. Recharge varies from place to place due to the amount of rainfall, infiltration, and surface vegetation. ")
cnt(W322,", the process of surface water nutrient enrichment causing a water body to fill with aquatic plants and algae. The increase in plant life reduces the oxygen content of the water. Eutrophic lakes are often undesirable for recreation and may not admit normal fish population. ")
cnt(W324,", the process or series of processes by which soil, crop residues, and organic matter from the land surface are removed by wind or runoff waters")
cnt(W325,", the property of porous materials indicating the ease with which liquids or gases will pass through them. ")
cnt(W326,", the relationship between the number of animals and the grazing management unit utilized over a specified time period. ")
cnt(W327,", the relationship between the number of animals and the specific unit of land being grazed at any one point in time.")
cnt(W328,", the top of the water surface in the saturated part of an aquifer.")
cnt(W329,", the transformation of elemental nitrogen to an organic form by microorganisms. ")
cnt(W330,", the volume of water that passes a given location within a given period of time. Usually expressed in cubic meter per second.")
cnt(W331,", the zone immediately below the land surface where the pores contain both water and air, but are not totally saturated with water. These zones differ from an aquifer, where the pores are saturated with water.")
cnt(W332,", usually applied to material in suspension in water or recently deposited from suspension. In the plural the word is applied to all kinds of deposits from the waters of streams, lakes, or seas. ")
cnt(W333,", very fine soil particles that remain in suspension in water for a considerable period of time without contact with the bottom. Such material remains in suspension due to the upward components of turbulence and currents and/or by suspension.. ")
cnt(W334,", water pollution coming from a single point, such as a sewage-outflow pipe. ")
cnt(W335,", water that has been used in homes, industries, and businesses that is not for reuse without treatment")
cnt(W336,", water that is on the Earth's surface, such as in a stream, river, lake, or reservoir. ")
cnt(W338,". frequency of rotation, rpm")
cnt(W339,".:The water which contains significant amount of tritium atoms.")
cnt(W340,"[-]     Henry’s distribution coefficient of the pollutant")
cnt(W341,"[-]    load")
cnt(W342,"[-]    porosity")
cnt(W343,"[Biochemical Oxygen Demand]: the amount of oxygen consumed by living organisms, mainly bacteria, while utilizing the organic matter in the waste.")
cnt(W344,"[Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane]: a powerful insecticide used in agriculture to control pests. Although not used in North America at present, residues from previous use are still present in some groundwater.")
cnt(W345,"[General Circulation Model]:a physical model used to describe large scale atmospheric motions over the entire earth. It is the main instrument used for estimating the potential effects of atmospheric heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide and methane on climate.")
cnt(W346,"[International Joint Commission]: Body created by Canada and the United States in 1909 to assist them in decisions regarding lakes and waterways that lie along and between the two countries. Its work extends into other areas of the environment such as air pollution.")
cnt(W347,"[m]    height of adsorber")
cnt(W348,"[m]    radius")
cnt(W349,"[m]   biofilm thickness")
cnt(W350,"[m³]   volume")
cnt(W351,"[Non-Governmental Organizations]:voluntary private non-profit groups which seek to influence public policy. They also perform various acts of charity.")
cnt(W352,"[Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl]: a group of chlorinated compounds used in various industrial processes and discharged in industrial waste as pollutants. These normally colorless, odorless, viscous liquids are carcinogenic.")
cnt(W354,"[s]    time")
cnt(W355,"~  specific entropy, kJ/(kgK)")
cnt(W356,"‘Material other than Grain’, any plant material of a seed bearing plant other than the seed.")
cnt(W357,"‘topsoil’ : the soil horizon with the maximum mixing of mineral and organic matter relative to the other horizons.")
cnt(W358,"‘Virtual’ is used here to mean ‘virtually’ or ‘as if’ or ‘illusion’ of a ‘real’ state.  ‘Virtual’ is not used in the dictionary sense of ‘not real.’  Accordingly, virtual team competency is the ability to use technology so that a group of people can behave ‘as if’ they were together when they are not physically together.  Virtual team members are not on the same playing field as a sports team but they can behave as if they are co-located and coordinated. They are virtually a team.")
cnt(W359,"“Cradle-to grave” assessment of the environmental impacts of a product or service. It seeks to assess the environmental impacts of the product or service throughout its entire life-cycle — from the mining of raw materials needed for its production, through production (including energy consumed) and consumption, to when it becomes post-consumption waste. ")
cnt(W363,"“Gelbstoff,” dissolved organic matter in the water having low reflectance in the blue portion of the spectrum and relatively higher reflectance for green and yellow.")
cnt(W364,"“Just-in-time”-type inventory management.")
cnt(W365,"“Not In My Term in Office”.")
cnt(W366,"“One home”. Male and female reproductive structures are on the same plant.")
cnt(W367,"“Photovoltaics” or “PV”, are solid-state semiconductor devices with no moving parts that convert sunlight into direct-current electricity.")
cnt(W368,"“Secular” motion of Earth’s rotation axis in space.")
cnt(W369,"“Two homes”. A plant in which male and female structures are on different plants.")
cnt(W370,"“Water for People” initiative launched by WSSCC in March 2000.")
cnt(W372,"=  diagonal matrix  of eigenvalues")
cnt(W373,"=  factors")
cnt(W374,"=  forecasting error")
cnt(W375,"=  invested capital")
cnt(W377,"=  mean value of return")
cnt(W380,"=  principal factor components")
cnt(W383,"=  standard deviation")
cnt(W384,"=  utility function of R   ")
cnt(W386,"= 0,01St – centistokes")
cnt(W387,"= 0.593  Maximum power coefficient of the wind wheel")
cnt(W388,"= 1/1000 of a Sievert (Sv), a unit of radiation dose equivalent.")
cnt(W391,"= angular speed of earth’s rotation")
cnt(W392,"= Autotrophs.")
cnt(W393,"= average area occupied by a segment of protein molecule")
cnt(W394,"= average area that needs to be cleared at the interface by an adsorbing protein molecule")
cnt(W395,"= Boltzmann constant; also used as rate constant for protein adsorption")
cnt(W397,"= Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle")
cnt(W398,"= Charge and parity symmetry")
cnt(W400,"= density")
cnt(W401,"= density difference")
cnt(W407,"= elementary charge")
cnt(W410,"= hydrophile-lipophile balance")
cnt(W411,"= interfacial tension")
cnt(W412,"= interstellar medium")
cnt(W413,"= ionic strength")
cnt(W414,"= latitude")
cnt(W415,"= length scale")
cnt(W417,"= net charge of protein molecule")
cnt(W425,"= pressure")
cnt(W426,"= proton number")
cnt(W428,"= stability ratio")
cnt(W429,"= super novae explosion in 1987")
cnt(W431,"= surface pressure")
cnt(W439,"= valence number; also used as coordination number of two-dimensional lattice")
cnt(W440,"= velocity components along x, y, z direction (eastward, northward, upward)")
cnt(W443,"= viscosity")
cnt(W446,"=characteristic time")
cnt(W449,"=empirical coefficients")
cnt(W451,"=factor representing the ratio of sediment diffusion to fluid diffusion")
cnt(W453,"=kinematic viscosity of the fluid")
cnt(W457,"=spatial coordinates")
cnt(W459,"=suspension number")
cnt(W460,"=thickness of the boundary layer")
cnt(W461,"=total (temporal and spatial) rate of change in concentration")
cnt(W462,"=unit weight of the fluid")
cnt(W464,"?12-oleate desaturase")
cnt(W465,"?15-linolate desaturase")
cnt(W466,"?9-stearoyl-ACP desaturase")
cnt(W467,"•")
cnt(W468,"1 000 000 liters, approximately the volume required to fill an Olympic swimming pool, usually used in conjunction with rural water supplies.")
cnt(W469,"1 AU (149 597 870.691 km) is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.")
cnt(W470,"1 hectare = 10 000 m².")
cnt(W471,"1 solar radius, i.e., 696 000 km.")
cnt(W472,"1 terragram (1012 grams or 109 kilograms)")
cnt(W473,"1 ton = 1000 kilograms.")
cnt(W474,"1 ton/day = 587.5 L/h")
cnt(W475,"1) A hand-drawn or printed document describing the spatial distribution of geographic features in terms of a recognizable and agreed symbolism. 2)A collection of digital information about a part of the earth’s surface.")
cnt(W476,"1) A macroscopic plant, rooted or floating, submerged or emerged. 2) A plant relatively large in size.")
cnt(W477,"1) a separate component, 2) initial state, 3) ignition")
cnt(W478,"1) A steep-walled, usually conical depression at the summit or on the flanks of a volcano. 2) A bowl-shaped depression with a raised, overturned rim produced by the impact of a meteorite.")
cnt(W479,"1) activation energy, 2) emission")
cnt(W480,"1) All types of biogenic material under diverse degrees of microbial decomposition, representing a potential energy source for consumers, and including dead organisms, degradation products and extracellular products from living organisms, even dissolved organic matter. 2) Rock fragments produced by meteorization and disintegration of rock and removal from their site of origin.")
cnt(W481,"1) An organism that tolerates low salt concentrations, between 5 to 15 psu. 2) An aquatic environment with a salinity between 5 to 15 psu.")
cnt(W482,"1) change of the soils, their ""improvement"" in order to increase their total cost (utility). Land reclamation gives new quality to the soils, it is radical, qualitative change of the soils. As a result of land reclamation the soil gets new quality:i.e. the new valuable characteristic, relative stability, its difference from one areas of the soil and similarity to the others. 2) Melioration (another meaning) - it is a system of organizational, economic and technical procedures aimed at the improvement of the natural environment, generally - agricultural grounds. There are drainage, irrigation, chemical and other kinds of Melioration. Land reclamation is carried out in order to increase the efficiency and stability of agriculture, maintenance of guaranteed production of agricultural products on the basis of preservation and increasing of fertility of the grounds, and also to create a necessary conditions for involving the unused and unproductive grounds into an agricultural turnover and creating a rational structure of grounds.")
cnt(W483,"1) economic activity aiming at making profit from addressing environmental issues or through application of environmental factors in industry; 2) economic activity targeted at prevention of degradation of nature and establishing sound conditions for human life.")
cnt(W484,"1) excess coefficient, 2) amount of a matter")
cnt(W485,"1) fuel, 2) final state")
cnt(W486,"1) gas constant, 2) thrust")
cnt(W487,"1) heating value, 2) heat")
cnt(W488,"1) in Gestalt psychology the term refers to the way that we fill in gaps where there is missing information in a stimulus; 2) in the analysis of texts, the term refers to ideological closure, which means the strategies used in the text to lead the reader to make sense of the text according to a particular ideological framework. The idea of ideological closure is useful because it leads us to examine how a text has been constructed to lead to a particular reading and exclude other possible readings. (Underwood)")
cnt(W489,"1) moisture content, 2) rate of chemical reaction, 3) fuel flow velocity")
cnt(W490,"1) mole number,  2) efficiency of combustion")
cnt(W491,"1) Pertaining to brackish waters with a salinity of 15 to 30 psu. 2) Organisms that tolerate salinities of 15 to 30 psu.")
cnt(W492,"1) The name for a family of finely-crystalline sheet silicate minerals. 2) Fine-grained soil consisting of mineral particles that are less than 0.074 mm in their maximum dimension.")
cnt(W493,"1) The total dry organic matter at a given time of living organisms of one or more species per unit area or of all the species in the community. 2) The living of dead weight of organic matter in a tree, stand, or forest in units such as living or dead weight, wet or dry weight, ash-free weight, etc. 3) Harvesting the wood product obtained from in-woods chipping of all or some portion of trees including limbs, tops, and unmerchantable stems, usually for energy production.")
cnt(W495,"1) visible propagation velocity of flame front, 2) volume flow rate of combustible mixture")
cnt(W496,"1). One of the intervals into which the age range from trees is divided for classification or use. 2) A distinct aggregation of trees originating from a single natural event or regeneration activity, or a grouping of trees, e.g., 10-year age class, as used in inventory or management.")
cnt(W503,"1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane.")
cnt(W504,"1,1,2-trimethylpropylborane.")
cnt(W505,"1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene.ù")
cnt(W506,"1,10-phenantroline.")
cnt(W507,"1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane.")
cnt(W508,"1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane")
cnt(W511,"1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium.")
cnt(W512,"1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium.")
cnt(W513,"1,2,3,4,10,10a-Hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a hexahydro- 1,4,endo-exo 5,8-dimethanonaphtha- lene.")
cnt(W515,"1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane.")
cnt(W516,"1,2-dimethoxyethane.")
cnt(W517,"1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane.")
cnt(W518,"1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane.")
cnt(W519,"1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene")
cnt(W521,"1. A hydrometeor consisting of a visible aggregation of tiny water and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the Earth’s surface. 2. Any collection of a particulate matter in the atmosphere dense enough to be perceptible to the eye.")
cnt(W522,"1. A piece of permanently magnetized substance. 2. A device for the generation of magnetic field.")
cnt(W523,"1. A way of life. 2. The meanings and values generated by different social groups and classes based on historical conditions and that are used by them to cope with their conditions of being. 3. The totality of the traditions and practices that manifest the conventions, the practical experiences of everyday life (Stuart Hall, 1980).")
cnt(W524,"1. An interrelationship between two different species. 2. An interrelationship between two different organisms in which the effects of that relationship is expressed as being harmful or beneficial. Also known as consortium.")
cnt(W525,"1. Atmospheric precipitation of ice crystals. 2. Loose and porous aggregation of ice crystals or their fragments.")
cnt(W526,"1. Available energy capable of doing work and being degraded in the process. 2. Maximum amount of work theoretically obtainable from a system as it interacts to equilibrium with the environment.")
cnt(W528,"1. National accounting: short for integrated environmental and economic accounting as advanced in particular by the United Nations System of integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). 2. Corporate accounting")
cnt(W529,"1. Occupation of the area by ice in the form of glaciers, ice sheets, or floating ice. 2. (only Glaciation). The rapid spreading of glaciers and other types of permanent ice reflecting general climatic changes.")
cnt(W530,"1. Occupation of the area by ice in the form of glaciers, ice sheets, or floating ice. 2. The rapid spreading of glaciers and other types of permanent ice, reflecting general climatic changes.")
cnt(W531,"1. The process of inhibiting continuous or multiple discharges following a single ionizing event in certain types of radiation detectors, particularly in Geiger-Müller counter tubes. 2. The deactivation of an electronically excited state by interaction with the external environment through a non-radiative process. This may lead to spectral shift or counting losses.")
cnt(W532,"1. The process of magnetizing something. 2. Vector value representing polarization or, otherwise the density of the magnetic moment in a substance.")
cnt(W533,"1. The study of the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere and their interaction with the biosphere and human population. 2. A scientific discipline studying the planet Earth in its complex of different environments.")
cnt(W534,"1. The subjective state of voluntary and intentional choice within the uncertainty motivated by damage or by missed advantage; decision motivated by what is at stake. 2. The perception of an objective danger, that is, of subjective conditions corresponding to danger (more appropriately expressed as riskiness).")
cnt(W535,"1. To remove nitrogen or nitrogen groups from (a compound). 2. To reduce (nitrates or nitrites) to nitrogen-containing gases through bacterial action.")
cnt(W536,"1: a taxonomic group or entity; 2: the name applied to a taxonomic group in a formal system of nomenclature")
cnt(W537,"1: borne over or on the sea; 2: carried on by oversea shipping.")
cnt(W538,"1: something given or admitted especially as a basis for reasoning or inference; 2: something used as a basis for calculating or measuring.")
cnt(W539,"10 to the power of 15.")
cnt(W540,"1000 kg.")
cnt(W541,"1000 liters, or 1 m3 of water; usually used in conjunction with urban water supplies.")
cnt(W545,"1904–, US diplomat and historian. He was a formulator of the policy of containment toward the Soviet Union, he was ambassador to Moscow (1952) until the Russians demanded his removal. He later served (1961–1963) as ambassador to Yugoslavia. His works include American Diplomacy, 1900–1950 (1951) and his memoirs (2 volumes, 1967–1972).")
cnt(W546,"1944, US World conference that structured the main organizations (IMF, WBRD) of the post-Second World War international economic order.")
cnt(W547,"1945 Conference in the Crimea among the leaders of the Allied Powers to define the terms of the post-Second World War global order.")
cnt(W548,"195 km long, 60 metres wide at its narrowest point and able to accommodate ships with 16 metres draft and as large as 150,000 tons")
cnt(W549,"1963 United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Developed Areas ( the Geneva Conference)")
cnt(W551,"1972, Sweden. First international environmental conference.")
cnt(W552,"1973 amendment to the US Foreign Assistance Act requiring that US AID [Agency for International Development] give ""particular attention to programs ... to integrate women into the national economies.""")
cnt(W553,"1979 United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development (the Vienna Conference)")
cnt(W555,"1985 International agreement for the protection of the ozone layer.")
cnt(W556,"1989 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste.")
cnt(W557,"1992, International environmental gathering in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.")
cnt(W558,"1994 successor organization to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.")
cnt(W559,"1-Naphtyl N-methylcarbamate.")
cnt(W560,"1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea or thidiazuron.")
cnt(W562,"2 pi divided by the inertial period.")
cnt(W563,"2-(1-Methyl-ethoxy)phenylmethylcarbamate.")
cnt(W564,"2-(diphenylphosphino)-2’-methoxy-1,1’-binaphthyl.")
cnt(W565,"2,2’-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthalene.")
cnt(W568,"2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin")
cnt(W572,"2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W574,"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene")
cnt(W576,"2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid")
cnt(W580,"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W582,"20 percent fatty acid methyl ester, 80 percent conventional diesel mix")
cnt(W583,"200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone along the coast.")
cnt(W584,"200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone in the sea adjacent to the coastal state.")
cnt(W585,"21KD cdk inhibitor protein.")
cnt(W586,"230 mathematical groups describing the symmetry of a crystal structure in three dimensions.")
cnt(W587,"2-Amino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W588,"2-Chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide.")
cnt(W589,"2-Dimethylamino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W590,"2-Dimethylamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yldimethylcarbamate.")
cnt(W591,"2-Methylamino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W592,"2-Methylisoborneol.")
cnt(W593,"2nd century B.C. – 2nd century A.D.; the general frame of a kingdom that dominated the South Levant desert, characterized by special material culture.")
cnt(W594,"3 dimensional.")
cnt(W595,"3,4-dioxyphenylalanine")
cnt(W596,"3,5-Dinitro-N,N-di(n-propyl)-sulfanilamide.")
cnt(W598,"35 subunit of cauliflower mosaic virus")
cnt(W599,"3-chloro-4-dicholoromethyl -5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone")
cnt(W601,"3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate")
cnt(W602,"3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase,")
cnt(W603,"3rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change")
cnt(W606,"4.6 billion years of earth history have been subdivided into four eons called ""Priscoan"" (4.7 to 3.8 Ga), ""Archean"" (3.8 to 2.5 Ga), ""Proterozoic"" (2.5 to 0.54 Ga) and ""Phanerozoic"" (since 0.54 Ga). Proterozoic and Archean are often grouped together and constitute the Precambrian. The three younger eons are subdivided into eras; the Proterozoic into Paleozoic (2.5 to 1.8 Ga), Mesozoic (1.8 to 1.0 Ga), and Neoproterozoic (1.0 to 0.54 Ga); the Phanerozoic into Paleozoic (0.54 to 0.25 Ga), Mesozoic (0.25 to 0.065 Ga), and Cenozoic (since 0.065 Ga). The three Phanerozoic eras are further subdivided into systems, and these into series and epochs.")
cnt(W607,"4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W608,"4-coumarate: CoA ligase,")
cnt(W609,"4-desmethylsterols")
cnt(W610,"4th-7th centuries A.D.; the general chronological frame of Byzantine Empire rule in the Levant, characterized mainly by the christianisation of the population and settlement initiatives.")
cnt(W611,"5 cations (Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2) and 6 anions (Cl-1, SO4-1, HCO3-1, CO3-2, Br-1) which are present in the seawater in maximum quantities.")
cnt(W613,"50% effective concentration.")
cnt(W614,"50% inhibition concentration.")
cnt(W615,"50% lethal concentration.")
cnt(W618,"50% lethal dosage.")
cnt(W620,"50°-60°C temperature")
cnt(W621,"5-Enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate; an intermediate in a reaction of the shikamate pathway")
cnt(W622,"6:0 caproic acid, 8:0 caprylic acid, 10:0 capric acid, 12:0 lauric acid, 14:0 myristic acid, 16:0 palmitic acid, 16:1 palmitoleic acid, 18:0 stearic acid, 18:1 oleic acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, 18:3 a-linolenic acid, 20:0 arachidic acid, 20:1 eicosenoic acid, 20:2 eicosadienoic acid, 20:4 arachidonic acid, 20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 22:0 behenic acid, 22:1 erucic acid, 22:2 docosadienoic acid, 22:6 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 20:4 lignoceric acid, 24:1 tetracosenoic acid.")
cnt(W623,"65 million to 54 million years ago; the first and shortest division of the Tertiary period.")
cnt(W624,"6-aminopenicillanic acid")
cnt(W625,"7-aminocephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W626,"7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W627,"7-aminodeacetylcephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W628,"7th -8th centuries A.D.; an Islamic Empire that followed the Byzantine Empire in the Levant. This was the first stage of the Early Islamic Period (7th -10th centuries A.D.) and marked the beginning of the Levant islamization.")
cnt(W629,"9,9-dimethyl-4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene.")
cnt(W630,"9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.")
cnt(W631,"a ""1"" or a ""0""")
cnt(W632,"A ""Before-the-pipe"" method (or strategy) seeks to reduce or if possible eliminate anthropogenic waste or contamination. The packaging of a consumer good provides a typical example. If the good is packaged in a carton that nature can biodegrade within a reasonable time, or if the need for packaging could be eliminated altogether, there would be little or no post-consumption environmental impact.")
cnt(W633,"a ""blueprint"" or a block diagram graphically showing the system components and their interconnections.")
cnt(W634,"a ""canonical"" or standard form which represents the conventional standard way to pronounce or site it (in the case of a word) or illustrate it (in the case of a conventionalized gesture)")
cnt(W635,"a ""graphical"" way to measure and explore the adaptive (fitness) value of different configurations of behaviors or characteristics in a complex system.")
cnt(W636,"A ""horizontal well"" consisting of an underground tunnel allowing the channeling of water from an elevated aquifer to a low-lying oasis, identified earliest in the Old World and probably introduced by colonizing Spaniards to Latin America.")
cnt(W637,"A ""long verse"" of indeterminate length of alternating five and seven syllable lines ending in a seven syllable line.")
cnt(W638,"A ""picture of reality"", i.e. a paradigm for the interpretation of a set of physical phenomena that results in a closed and comprehensive mathematical formulation for their description.")
cnt(W639,"A ""river"" of wind 20 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.")
cnt(W640,"A ""short verse"" with the syllable pattern 5-7-5-7-7.")
cnt(W641,"a ""top-down"" approach used to apportion risk to individual areas of plant or equipment, to achieve a minimum level of risk.")
cnt(W642,"A (database) schema is a way to represent structured information. A relational schema is made of relations, each made of attributes having a certain type.")
cnt(W643,"A (feasible or infeasible) point where at least n restrictions are tight, whose gradients are linear independent.")
cnt(W644,"A (fictional) construct applied by an observer at the location of some change in what is observed. The insertion of a Black Box allows a description to be developed for what might account for observed and yet-to-be observed changes, through the interaction of the observer and his Black Box. Many users of the Black Box forget its fictional nature, assuming this description is a mechanism/explanation, which, however, the Black Box can never reveal.")
cnt(W645,"A (logical) formula is a statement on a domain of objects (the universe) that is either true or false. A formula may be atomic (described by a predicate symbol), composed from other formulas by logical connectives or be formed by quantification of object variables.")
cnt(W646,"A (long) series of observations measured over time (or other suitably defined measure, e.g., distance) where the observations are dependent, and where the order of the observations is important.")
cnt(W647,"A (mathematical) function is a mapping from a set of values (the domain) to another set of values (the range) such that the application of  the function to an argument from the domain uniquely denotes a result from the range.")
cnt(W648,"A (Mendelian) population is defined as a unit present under certain (environmental) conditions, composed of biological organisms that are actually or potentially interbreeding.")
cnt(W649,"a (natural or artificial) entity that displays certain degrees of rational, autonomous, reactive, proactive and social behaviour, and which is often thought of as possessing a mental state comprising so-called informational and motivational attitudes, such as maintaining knowledge, beliefs, desires, intentions, goals, plans, etc., and possessing the ability to communicate with other agents.")
cnt(W650,"A (nonexistent) society, described abstractly or in specific parable form, that is conceived as incarnating ideals of justice, human freedoms, cultural achievement, environmental quality, etc.")
cnt(W651,"a (possibly enciphered) collection of information about an object. Typically it includes a cryptographic checksum of the data contained in the object.")
cnt(W652,"A (real-valued) function that ranks the alternatives according to some preference relation.")
cnt(W653,"A (systematic) way to represent data by using sequences of symbols.  Typically, we use bit sequences to obtain a binary code.")
cnt(W654,"A (usually) polymeric solid, which radically—by more than say 10%—alters its dimensions in response to aqueous stimuli.")
cnt(W655,"A ‘vision’ of the desired future that has been developed and is ‘shared’ by the public.")
cnt(W656,"A “fictitious force” that results from viewing the motion of a body on or near the Earth’s surface from the Earth’s rotating reference frame.  The “force” deflects moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.")
cnt(W658,"a “radiatively active” gas in the atmosphere.  Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, allow short-wave radiation to pass through, while long-wave radiation is aborbed, contributing to the Greenhouse effect.")
cnt(W659,"A “true primate” bearing the necessary distinguishing characters.")
cnt(W660,"A = restriction is called tight at a point x, if also the corresponding = is satisfied, else it is called loose at x.")
cnt(W661,"A 1.2 m by 1.2 m, or larger penned area, where the ewe gives birth and to which she and any lambs born are kept for a few days after birth.")
cnt(W662,"A 100cc steel ring to take an undisturbed core sample of a soil horizon.")
cnt(W664,"A 16-kilodalton peptide hormone controlled by the so-called obesity gene produced primarily in white fat (adipose tissue), and which governs inhibition of food intake, maintenance of energy expenditure, reproductive system function, and metabolism in insulin secretion, lipolysis, and glucose transport.")
cnt(W665,"A 1980s–1990s reaction to new archaeology led by Ian Hodder; post-modernist archaeology, in which idiographic procedures and goals are stressed, individual agency, and ideational issues (paleo-ritual, paleo-belief systems) are central rather than sociopolitical and cultural processes. This program also includes concern with the sociopolitics of archaeology; the implicit belief systems, biases, etc. of archaeologists; and the relations, overt and covert, between archaeology and society.")
cnt(W666,"A 1998 environmental decisionmaking accord signed by 35 European countries (and the European Union itself) that sought common transparency policies across Europe on information disclosure, public participation, and judicial remedies for violation of the agreement. Its full title is the Convention on Access to Environmental Information and Public Participation in Environmental Decisionmaking.")
cnt(W667,"A 19th century artifact classification system developed in Denmark on the basis of rudimentary seriation analysis and that differentiates between Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages.")
cnt(W668,"A 20-year (2000–2020) development partnership agreement between the European Community and 77 countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), signed on 23 June, 2000 in Cotonou, Benin.")
cnt(W669,"A 24-hour cycle.")
cnt(W670,"A 3-hour index measuring the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances as determined from magnetic field variations at two stations, one in England and the other in Australia.")
cnt(W671,"a 40 - 50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific detected by R.A.Madden and P.R.Julian in 1971 - 1972.")
cnt(W672,"a algorithm for solving differential equations. Examples include the Euler and Runge-Kutta algorithms.")
cnt(W673,"A bacterial strain that generates an abnormally high rate of mutation in introduced genes, and is thus useful to generate random mutations in genes for directed evolution.")
cnt(W674,"A bacterial toxin causing gastroenteritis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines).")
cnt(W675,"A bacterial toxin released from the cell into the culture fluid.")
cnt(W676,"a bacterial virus.")
cnt(W677,"A bag at the end of trawl, seine and bag nets to collect fish.")
cnt(W678,"A bag attached to the abdominal wall to collect excreta from a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy.")
cnt(W679,"A bag-like structure of 0.5 micron or less in diameter, attached to the inner side of a cell membrane. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which do not normally damage the cell itself. When a cell needs to digest food molecules (or bacteria) which have crossed its membrane, the lysosome fuses with the membrane of the molecule (or bacteria) and squirts the enzymes inside where they carry out their appointed task of digestion (or destruction) by hydrolysis. Food digested by lysosomes diffuses through the cell to be used for energy or growth. [See above for definition of enzyme.]")
cnt(W680,"A balance between the Coriolis force and horizontal pressure gradient.")
cnt(W681,"A ballot where every citizen on the planet will simultaneously vote to preserve the environment and life for the future.")
cnt(W682,"A band of energy levels is formed in a solid, when the difference between their energies becomes very small.")
cnt(W683,"A band of frequencies containing components of either the upper side or lower sideband of the carrier and modulation frequencies.")
cnt(W684,"A band of timescales and length-scales of the processes and interactions on which a particular study is focused.")
cnt(W686,"A band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 320-400 nm produced by the sun. UV-A is not absorbed by ozone; this band of radiation has wavelengths just shorter than visible violet light.")
cnt(W689,"A band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths shorter than 290 nm. It is extremely dangerous, but it is completely absorbed by ozone and normal oxygen.")
cnt(W691,"A bank can lock-in its customers by offering further services tailored to their needs and based on the knowledge it has accumulated about their business due to previous lending transactions.")
cnt(W692,"A bank engaged in transactions across national borders.")
cnt(W693,"A bar diagram representing a frequency distribution of a particular attribute that is measured in the process or of a product.")
cnt(W694,"A bare or insulated wire or combination of wires not insulated from one another, suitable for carrying an electric current.")
cnt(W695,"a barrier built to keep back water and raise its level to form a reservoir, for hydroelectric power or to regulate a flood wave.")
cnt(W696,"A barrier island that has a wide, prograding end and a narrow end due to the combined influences of tidal processes and tidal inlets along with wave-generated processes. Also called ""drumstick"" barrier islands.")
cnt(W697,"A baryon with one unit of positive electric charge, one of the main constituents of the atomic nucleus. It is basically formed by two up quarks and one down quark. It is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom.")
cnt(W698,"A baryon with zero electric charge, one of the main constituents of the atomic nucleus. It is basically formed by two down quarks and one up quark. Its mass is only a little larger than the proton one.")
cnt(W699,"A basaltic alkaline rock, contains mainly andesine and monocline pyroxene.")
cnt(W700,"A base 16 code that was, in early days of computing, widely used for storing numbers.")
cnt(W701,"A base of knowledge used for definition of experiments and for evaluation of a model.")
cnt(W702,"A base sequence in a DNA molecule (or an amino acid sequence in a protein) that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution.")
cnt(W703,"A basic concept that may be taken either as undefinable, in expressing a “degree of belief,” or as the limiting frequency in an infinite random series. Both approaches lead to the same calculus of probabilities.")
cnt(W704,"A basic dimension proportional to the kinetic energy of molecules.")
cnt(W705,"A basic management tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well environmental organization, management systems and equipment are performing. The aim of the audit is to facilitate management control of environmental practices, and to enable the company to assess compliance with company policies, including meeting regulatory requirements.")
cnt(W706,"A basic market security (stock, bond, currency, etc.) on which other securities can be based upon.")
cnt(W707,"a basic modal operator, usually symbolized as ? ")
cnt(W708,"a basic notion of lexical phonology, referring to phonological rules which apply to the lexicon ( the component of a language including semantic, phonological and morphological information on a language's basic meaningful units), as opposed to post-lexical rules.")
cnt(W709,"A basic prerequisite for success is the careful selection of packages of measures for getting the right information to the right people or agencies in the right form such that it will be understood and used. And, because a good knowledge transfer program is circular, those people and agencies should also be involved in establishing what the real problems are.")
cnt(W710,"A basic security relative to which the value of another security is determined, for example the cash bond in the Black-Scholes model.")
cnt(W711,"A basic solution is dual feasible, if it would be optimal in case that the violated constraints could be ignored.")
cnt(W712,"A basic unit of analysis in traditional phonology; a speech sound used distinctively, i.e. as a 'building block' in creating meaningful units in a given language.")
cnt(W713,"A basic unit of analysis that relies on the degree of competence and readiness of a given individual or group doing what is expected of them in a given setting. It also conveys the experience of fulfillment and fitness as an emotional drive.")
cnt(W714,"A basic unit of energy, or work done; 1 kWh = 3.6? 106 newton-meters [Nm].")
cnt(W716,"A basic unit of power equal to a thousand watts; 1kw = 1000 newton-meters per second [Nms-1], 1 kW = 1 kilovolt-ampere [kVA] = 1000 volt-ampere [VA].")
cnt(W717,"a basically model-free data collection methodology essentially oriented towards restoring unobserved data.")
cnt(W718,"A basin deeper than the rest of a pond, located near the outlet (monk), so that when the pond is drained fish are concentrated to facilitate harvesting.")
cnt(W719,"A basin filled with sand for removal of suspended solids after the coagulation-sedimentation process.")
cnt(W720,"A basin in an active margin setting that occupies a position between the magmatic arc and the trench, usually above the rear, oldest parts of an accretionary wedge.")
cnt(W722,"A basis for reasoning or action in the implementation of sustainable development.")
cnt(W724,"A battery that can be re-charged")
cnt(W725,"A battery that can not be re-charged")
cnt(W726,"A beach characterized by a wide surf zone in which practically all incident wave energy is lost by wave breaking. Generally, dissipative beaches have a very low gradient, comprise fine sediments and experience energetic wave conditions.")
cnt(W727,"A beach protection structure, usually one of a series, built at an angle to the shore.")
cnt(W728,"A beachhead bottleneck occurs when a group reaches a new area and must adjust to locally available resources. The major problem for farmers is that it may take several months before their first crop is ready for harvest.")
cnt(W729,"A beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation, emitted by a laser, which has finite time duration and a multicolor spectral structure.")
cnt(W730,"a beam of particles (electrons or photons) focused into a very small spot")
cnt(W731,"A beam theory by which the plane section of a beam remains plane and normal to the neutral axis.")
cnt(W732,"A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor.")
cnt(W734,"A bed of rocks over which effluent is spread, allowing aerobic digestion by micro organisms to take place")
cnt(W735,"A beetle in the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera) that as an adult or larva feeds on the bark of seedlings or sapplings, often completely girdling the tree at the root collar.")
cnt(W736,"A beetle in the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera) that lays eggs in the apical shoot (leader) or terminal bud of a coniferous tree, the larvae of which mine in and kill the leader.")
cnt(W737,"a before-the-fact conceptual illustration on how the system should be designed for maintenance and support. It includes the anticipated levels of maintenance, the projected environment in which the system is to be maintained throughout the system utilization phase, basic repair policies, organizational responsibilities, anticipated maintenance support elements, and effectiveness requirements.")
cnt(W738,"A behavior intermediate to liquid and solid exhibited by polymeric substances.")
cnt(W739,"A behavior is taken to be collective when is referred to the behavior of a system of components, the behavior of which is not equal to the set or the sum of the behavior of the single components. Examples are flocks, herds, and swarms.")
cnt(W740,"A behavior of individuals and groups of individuals, impeding sustainable life for themselves and other persons.")
cnt(W741,"A behavioral standard that is accepted by most, but not necessarily all, members of the group.")
cnt(W742,"A behavioral trait whereby consumers prefer less risk to more risk, everything else held constant.")
cnt(W743,"A belief network that incorporates decision options (variables or events that can be controlled) and utility estimates to represent the quantities or values that are to be maximized; also known as an influence diagram.")
cnt(W744,"a belief that all of life is interdependent and that members of the human family share responsibility to care for others who share membership in that family, including all of creation. ")
cnt(W745,"A belief that interferes with normal development by causing the individual to generate negative expectancies about people and situations that normally generate positive expectancies in others.")
cnt(W746,"A belief that life came into existence through the action of a supernatural being.")
cnt(W747,"a belief that the parties’ current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously")
cnt(W748,"A belief, developed by the child, that enhances the child's psychological development. Such a belief enables the child to generate positive expectancies about life events and people, particularly new events and new people with whom the child may develop new relationships.")
cnt(W749,"A belief, developed by the child, that interferes with the child's psychological development. Such a belief functions as an internal inhibiting factor in that it causes the child to generate negative expectancies about life events and people, particularly new events and new people with whom the child may develop new relationships.")
cnt(W750,"A bell-mouth shaped vertical shaft spillway.")
cnt(W751,"A bell-shaped overflow structure, usually for fill-dams.")
cnt(W752,"A bell-shaped relationship between income equality and per capita income based on empirical evidence.")
cnt(W753,"A belt of parkways, parks, or farmlands that encircles a community.")
cnt(W754,"A belt of volcanic mountains on the continental mainland that lie above a subduction zone. Compare island arc.")
cnt(W755,"A benefit or cost resulting from the private consumption or production activities of an agent which accrues to other agents and which is not taken into account by the agent carrying out such activity. Thus, pollution is a negative externality conferred on the rest of society by production activities of firms.")
cnt(W756,"a benign epithelial tumor, an adenoma, containing fibrous tissue")
cnt(W758,"A beverage obtained by treatment of ground roasted coffee with water (or by the addition of water to instant coffee).")
cnt(W759,"A BEWS uses a test organism, whose sensitive response to environmental stress is registered and detected automatically by an electronic measurement instrument. An alarm (warning) algorithm gives automatically an alarm, if the real measurment value does not correspond to the predicted value. BEWS are also called automated biotests, dynamic (continuous) biotests, online biomonitors, biotest automates.")
cnt(W760,"A bias in which observers in a situation attribute the behavior of actors to personal qualities, while the actors are likely to attribute the cause of their behavior to situational forces.")
cnt(W761,"A bias that affects the results of clinical trials if patients who are inevaluable, insufficiently treated, or who deviate from the protocol for any reason, are subsequently excluded from the analysis.")
cnt(W762,"A bias that affects the results of meta-analyses based on the literature if the results of published trials differ systematically from those of unpublished trials (e.g. by showing a larger treatment effect).")
cnt(W763,"A big plastic bag made of thin film for handling and storage of large quantity of food material. The bag is kept in a rigid box and together bag and box make a useful container.")
cnt(W764,"a billet or a part manufactured by a pouring of molten metal in the mould.")
cnt(W765,"A binary code for integer values which ensures that adjacent integers are encoded by binary strings with Hamming distance one. Gray codes play an important role in the application of canonical genetic algorithms to parameter optimization problems, because both theoretical and empirical findings indicate that they are preferable if a binary coding of real values is desired")
cnt(W766,"a binary distinctive feature used in some models to refer to those coronals which are produced by the tip of the tongue (apex), as opposed to those articulated by the tongue blade and are laminal.")
cnt(W767,"a binary feature used for the specification of coronals, defined in terms of the relative extent of the constriction along the vocal tract.")
cnt(W768,"a binary feature used for the specification of labial segments and referring to the active use of one or both lips in the articulation of a segment.")
cnt(W769,"a binary major-class distinctive feature, abbreviated as ? ? cons? , defined in terms of the relative degree of constriction in the vocal tract. ? +cons? segments are those produced by a constriction which either completely blocks the airflow at some point, or causes audible friction.")
cnt(W770,"a binary manner feature in distinctive feature theory, abbreviated as ? ? cont? , defined in terms of the presence vs. absence of a central occlusion in the vocal tract.")
cnt(W771,"a binary manner feature, defined in terms of the relative amount of noise in the articulation of a segment.")
cnt(W772,"a binary place feature in distinctive feature theory, abbreviated as ? ? cor? , defined in terms of the raising of the tongue crown (tip and/or blade) from the rest position.")
cnt(W773,"a binary tongue body feature in distinctive feature theory, defined in terms of the lowering of the tongue body from its rest position.")
cnt(W774,"a binary tongue-body feature in distinctive feature theory referring to the retraction of the tongue in the articulation of segments, which are thus specified as ? ? back? .")
cnt(W775,"a binary tongue-body feature in distinctive feature theory, referring to the presence vs. absence of tongue-body raising from the neutral position.")
cnt(W776,"A binomial function expansion technique.")
cnt(W777,"A biochemical catalyzer (proteinaceous in nature), generated by living organims.")
cnt(W778,"A biochemical compound consisting of glycerol and three fatty acids.")
cnt(W779,"A biochemical process in the brain. Parts of the brain are used for short-term memorization, while other parts are used for long-term memorization. It is well recognized that ""learning to learn"" must start at a very early age. Experimental learning is ""learning by doing"" and self-directed learning.")
cnt(W780,"A biochemical reaction accompanied by biological catalysts (enzymes).")
cnt(W781,"A biochemical structure made up of hundreds (or more) sugar molecules.")
cnt(W782,"A biodegradable polymer derived from lactic acid. PLA resembles clear polystyrene, it provides good aesthetics (gloss and clarity), but it is stiff and brittle and needs modification for most practical applications (e.g. plasticisers increase its flexibility).")
cnt(W783,"A biogeographical region or formation; a major regional ecological community characterized by distinctive life forms and principal plant or animal species. Typically divided into terrestrial versus marine biomes, conventional categories include tropical forest, temperate forest, boreal forest, tropical savanna, temperate and tropical grassland, tundra and alpine meadow, desert scrub, swamps and marshes, coral reefs and algal beds, estuaries, lakes and streams, continental shelf, and open ocean.")
cnt(W784,"A biologic structure made from the shells of the serpulid worm.")
cnt(W785,"A biological catalyst performing a transformation. Usually cells or enzymes.")
cnt(W788,"A biological concept according to which living beings organization is emergent from physical and biological processes, but different in kind. Replaced vitalism.")
cnt(W790,"A biological control technique, which involves release of mass reared natural enemies to augment the existing natural enemy population.")
cnt(W791,"A biological effluent treatment process dependent on microorganisms that thrive in the absence of oxygen. Most processes operate in the mesophilic range (32–37ºC).")
cnt(W792,"A biological effluent treatment process dependent on microorganisms, which require oxygen for their metabolism. Most processes operate in the psychrophilic range (10–30ºC).")
cnt(W794,"A biological interaction in which an animal hunts, kills and eats other animals.")
cnt(W795,"A biological interaction in which an animal or plant lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it.")
cnt(W796,"a biological molecule, usually a protein, which is produced for the purpose of in vivo administration to detect or treat disease.")
cnt(W799,"A biological or chemical agent whose presence indicates specific environmental conditions or contaminants.")
cnt(W801,"A biological polymer made by linking together amino acids. Proteins range in size from chains of a few dozen to several thousand amino acids.")
cnt(W802,"A biological process in which the waste is degraded into carbon dioxide, digestion gas, and a residual sludge containing the biomass.")
cnt(W803,"A biological process to degrade and detoxify contaminants by use of microorganisms, and typically, they are natural bacteria and fungi.")
cnt(W804,"A biological process where a complex series of coupled redox reactions break down organic compounds for carbon and energy.")
cnt(W805,"A biological relationship between two individuals belonging to different species that help each other through a variety of mechanisms.")
cnt(W806,"a biological response that can be measured in tissue samples, body fluids or at the level of the whole organism which signal exposure to, or the effects of anthropogenic chemicals and radiations.")
cnt(W807,"A biological species is a population of individuals, acknowledged by man to be unique and readily able to cross-breed leading to the production of completely fertile descendants.")
cnt(W808,"A biological wastewater treatment process in which a mixture of the wastewater and activated sludge is aerated in a reactor basin or aeration tank. The active biological solids bio-oxidize the waste matter, and the biological solids are then removed by secondary clarification or final settling.")
cnt(W809,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in food with the potential for incubation, causing an adverse health effect when present at an unacceptable level.")
cnt(W811,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect, when present at an unacceptable level.")
cnt(W813,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in, or condition of, food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.")
cnt(W814,"A biologically-based model of carcinogenesis commonly used in the risk assessment process")
cnt(W816,"A biomolecule is a compound that naturally occurs in living organisms. Biomolecules consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, along with nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. Other elements sometimes are incorporated but these are much less common.")
cnt(W817,"A bioreactor, in which the microorganisms are kept suspended in a tall cylinder by rising air, which is introduced at the bottom of the vessel.")
cnt(W818,"A biosocial, ecological, social, economic, historical and cultural unanimity of a sizeable group of people who objectively compose and recognize themselves as one unity as opposed to some other similar groups (""we"" - ""they""). As a rule each ethos is characterized by common territory and language.")
cnt(W819,"A biotechnological technique to introduce DNA or other macromolecules into a cell or organism by their exposure to an electrical field.")
cnt(W821,"A biozone consisting of the body of fossiliferous strata between two specified biostratigraphic horizons. Horizons are those surfaces or interfaces across which there is a significant and distinctive change in biostratigraphic character (appearance or disappearance of a distinct fossil taxon, etc.).")
cnt(W822,"A bipolar semiconductor device comprising three or more junctions that can be switched from the “off” state to the “on” state through a gate pulse. The turn-off process, however, requires a natural current zero. Therefore, thyristors are primarily used for line commutated converters.")
cnt(W823,"A black hydrocarbon associated with gilsonite but insoluble in turpentine.")
cnt(W824,"A black lustrous solid hydrocarbon soluble in turpentine. Occurs in veins in the Green River Formation and associated rocks in the state of Utah, US.")
cnt(W825,"A black solid hydrocarbon with a variable luster, black streak, and high specific gravity.")
cnt(W826,"A blanket deposit of buff-colored calcareous silt, homogeneous, nonstratified, weakly coherent, porous, easily wrinkled and can stand in steep or vertical faces. Loess covers wide areas in northern Europe, eastern China and the Mississippi Valley. It is considered to be windblown dust of the Pleistocene age.")
cnt(W827,"A blend of gasoline with a small percentage of alcohol fuel. The alcohol serves to enhance the octane rating of the gasoline.")
cnt(W828,"A block of rock or concrete, generally of a specific design, used for breakwater construction.")
cnt(W829,"A block of solid ore or rock left in place to structurally support the shaft walls or roof in a mine in order to prevent undermining of surface buildings, structures and objects of nature.")
cnt(W830,"A blood fluke infection with adult worms living in veins of humans. Hosts for larvae are freshwater snails.")
cnt(W831,"A blood parasite causing the most common and most severe form of human malaria. The parasite has a complex reproduction cycle : an asexual one occurring in the liver and red blood cells of humans and a sexual one in mosquitoes. As a result mosquitoes feeding on human blood play an essential role in spreading the disease by transmitting the parasite from one person to another.")
cnt(W832,"a blood platelet.")
cnt(W833,"A blueprint for sustainable development in the twenty-first century, agreed at the 1992 UNCED ""Earth"" Summit in Rio de Janeiro.")
cnt(W834,"a bluish discoloration, especially of the skin and mucous membranes as a result of an excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood")
cnt(W836,"A board with embedded sockets for various chips and with embedded wires connecting the sockets. The motherboard is a PCB.")
cnt(W837,"A boat seine which gathers fish to the net by long sweeping ropes.")
cnt(W838,"A body based on the membership of other bodies or individuals and that has an established constitution and its own administration.")
cnt(W839,"A body cavity lined by a cell layer (epithelium).")
cnt(W840,"A body cell, as opposed to a germ line line cell.")
cnt(W841,"A body consisting of ceramic particles bonded with a metal, used for cutting and tooling.")
cnt(W842,"A body of doctrine set forth by Sigmund Freud, based on unconscious motivations, conflict and symbolism, recently deepened to the study of the self, in pre-symbolic terms.")
cnt(W843,"A body of ice originating on land by recrystallization of snow and showing evidence of past or present movement.")
cnt(W844,"A body of ideas developed by integrating the findings of environmental science and environmental values.")
cnt(W845,"A body of knowledge about the surrounding environment built up by a group of people through generations of living in close contact with nature and depending on the resources of an area for survival. TEK incorporates philosophies and worldviews, practical strategies for sustainable resource use, and ways of communicating and acquiring this knowledge.")
cnt(W846,"A body of knowledge derived from the application of game-theoretic methods to multiple-objective, multiple-participant decision-making problems involving the enforcement of regulations and social norms through inspections.")
cnt(W847,"A body of knowledge with conventionally defined boundaries, though overlapping may exist.")
cnt(W848,"A body of material used to reduce the passage of radiation.")
cnt(W849,"A body of mineralization (q.v.) that is notionally or demonstrably of economic value and may already constitute an ore body (q.v.)")
cnt(W850,"A body of permeable and poorly permeable material that functions regionally as a water-yielding unit; it comprises two or more permeable beds separated at least locally by confining beds that impede ground-water movement but do not greatly affect the regional hydraulic continuity of the system; includes both saturated and unsaturated parts of permeable material.")
cnt(W853,"a body of representatives elected by people for the purpose of law-making.")
cnt(W854,"A body of rock or sediment at or near the Earth’s surface that is not confined by an overlying impermeable geological unit, and is capable of transmitting significant volumes of groundwater.")
cnt(W857,"A body of rock that is capable of transmitting significant volumes of groundwater, and is stratigraphically bounded by relatively impermeable geological media such as clay or shale.")
cnt(W858,"a body of Roman religious law compiled in the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD.")
cnt(W859,"A body of rules or legislation defining certain criteria, such as composition, appearance, freshness, source, sanitation, maximal bacterial count, maximum level of pesticide or veterinary drug residues, maximum concentration of additives, and so on, which food must fulfill to be suitable for distribution or sale.")
cnt(W860,"A body of rules or legislation defining certain criteria—such as composition, appearance, freshness, source, sanitation, maximal bacterial count, purity, maximum concentration of additives, and so on—which food must fulfill to be suitable for distribution or for sale.")
cnt(W863,"a body of rules regulating national economic development.")
cnt(W864,"a body of rules regulating the use, management and preservation as well as enhancement of the human environment, in the air, the soil and the water.")
cnt(W865,"A body of water rising and overflowing the land.")
cnt(W867,"A body of work that engages in a thorough reconsideration and problematization of center-periphery relationships between the Third World and the First.")
cnt(W868,"A body recognized at the national, regional, or international level that has as a principal function, by virtue of its statutes, the preparation, approval, or adoption of standards that are made available to the public.")
cnt(W869,"A body that has legal power and rights.")
cnt(W871,"A body that is an ideal absorber and that absorbs all the radiation incident on it; it is also an ideal emitter that radiates energy at the maximum possible rate per unit area at that temperature.")
cnt(W872,"a body which emits radiation at maximum possible intensity for every wavelength, also a perfect absorber of radiation in every wavelength.")
cnt(W873,"a boiler (nuclear reactor), a turbine and a generator combined into an electrical installation for generation of electric energy")
cnt(W874,"A bomb whose energy comes from the fission heavy elements such U or Pu.")
cnt(W875,"A bond delivering a fixed amount of cash at maturity.")
cnt(W876,"A bone of the opercular series between the opercle and the interopercle.")
cnt(W877,"A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension.")
cnt(W878,"A bottom-dwelling life habit.")
cnt(W879,"A bottom-flowing current laden with suspended sediment, moving swiftly down a subaqueous slope and spreading horizontally on the floor.")
cnt(W880,"a boundary between the zones of activity and degradation of a surging glacier during a quiescent stage.")
cnt(W881,"A boundary driving force pulling the upper plate in the event that the lower oceanic plate retreats from the subduction zone.")
cnt(W882,"A boundary line separating adjacent watersheds or oceanic slopes.")
cnt(W883,"a boundary region in the sea water column where two layers of water of different temperature are separated, with a sharp change in temperature with depth.")
cnt(W884,"A boundary set of a polyhedron of dimension one.")
cnt(W885,"a boundary value problem with given values of the unknown function on the boundary.")
cnt(W886,"A boundary zone between two ecological communities of major rank.")
cnt(W887,"A boundary, in temperature-composition space, between a single phase solid and (liquid+ solid) phase regions.")
cnt(W888,"A boundary, in temperature-composition space, between liquid and (liquid+ solid) phase regions.")
cnt(W889,"a bounded area, possessing some unity or organizing structure.")
cnt(W890,"A bounded polyhedron.")
cnt(W891,"A bowl-shaped hollow in a mountainside, from which accumulated ice flows away as a glacier.")
cnt(W892,"A branch discipline of economic geology that deals with the geological character, origin, distribution, and industrial and economic appraisals of coal and coalfields. The subjects of coal geology include (1) the composition, properties, and origins of coal; (2) the characteristics and formation conditions of coal seams and coal measures; (3) the genesis and distribution of the coal-accumulating basin.")
cnt(W893,"A branch of a cladogram. Sometimes referring to a monophyletic group.")
cnt(W894,"A branch of applied knowledge studying the means and methods of application of electric energy for practical aims.")
cnt(W895,"A branch of applied philosophy that deals with moral relations between human beings and their natural environment.")
cnt(W896,"A branch of artificial intelligence.")
cnt(W897,"A branch of biology concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W898,"A branch of coal geology, which investigates formation, characteristics, and distribution of coal and coal measure.")
cnt(W899,"A branch of dynamics that deals with aspects of motion apart from considerations of mass and force.")
cnt(W900,"A branch of economics concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W901,"a branch of economics originally inspired by evolutionary theory. Evolutionary economics is primarily concerned with economic changes through time.")
cnt(W902,"A branch of economics that investigates human decision making behavior by laboratory experimentation in simple decision settings involving human subjects.")
cnt(W903,"A branch of engineering that deals with the application of engineering methods and concepts in construction involving geological materials.")
cnt(W904,"A branch of environmental science concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W905,"A branch of ethics that focuses on real-life applications.")
cnt(W906,"A branch of feminist theory based in developing, formerly colonized and still colonized countries that is interested in the analysis of colonial relationships, racism, Eurocentrism, and Orientalism, and the impacts of these systems on women.")
cnt(W907,"A branch of feminist theory that is popular mainly in Northern/Western academic contexts and is interested in deconstructive and discursive analysis, the critique of the unified subject and all other totalizing categories.")
cnt(W908,"A branch of game theory in which a commitment among players in a game, such as an agreement on how to share costs of a joint project equitably, is binding and enforceable.")
cnt(W909,"A branch of game theory in which players in a game can make independent choices and commitment is not enforceable.")
cnt(W910,"A branch of geography that deals with mountains")
cnt(W911,"A branch of geography that deals with snow, ice, and permafrost")
cnt(W912,"A branch of geology that deals specifically with the surface of the earth and the origin and nature of the landforms that constitute that surface.")
cnt(W913,"A branch of geology that deals with the effects of chemicals elements and compounds on human health and disease.")
cnt(W914,"A branch of geometrical mathematics dealing with spatial relationship between and among various features of resources. Each point, line, or polygon as a feature ""know"", where it is, what is connected to it, and what is around it by using GIS.")
cnt(W915,"A branch of geophysics dealing with the structure and chemistry of the middle and upper atmosphere.")
cnt(W916,"A branch of likelihood-based analyses whereby the model parameters are assumed random, unknown quantities.")
cnt(W917,"A branch of linguistics dealing with the functional, rather than physical aspects of speech sounds.")
cnt(W918,"A branch of mathematics relating probability measures to dynamical systems. A system is ergodic when a long-time average over a single orbit is the same as the average over an ensemble of orbits at a single time.")
cnt(W919,"A branch of mathematics. Mainly it deals with counting and enumerating objects.")
cnt(W920,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of mechanical laws to the solution of astronomical problems.")
cnt(W921,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of mechanics to construction of buildings and various facilities.")
cnt(W922,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of the laws of theoretical mechanics and conclusions from practical experience to the solution of certain engineering problems.")
cnt(W923,"A branch of mechanics that considers the impact of forces to a material body in motion (system of bodies in motion).")
cnt(W924,"A branch of mechanics that considers theoretical fundamentals of mechanics and its application for solution of general problems of various kinds.")
cnt(W925,"A branch of mechanics that deals with engineering properties and behavior of rocks.")
cnt(W926,"A branch of mechanics that studies mechanical laws with application to the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and machines.")
cnt(W927,"A branch of mechanics that studies the balance of material bodies (systems of bodies) in a still state, regardless of the impact of forces.")
cnt(W929,"a branch of medicine (science and practice) treating mineral waters, thermal waters and mineral muds for curative (therapeutic) purposes (drinking, baths, applications, etc.). Etymology:from Latin balneum – bath.")
cnt(W930,"A branch of optics of the atmosphere concerned with the principles of solar radiation transfer in plant canopies.")
cnt(W931,"A branch of optimization theory")
cnt(W932,"A branch of science related to the study of the relationship of organisms and their environment.")
cnt(W933,"A branch of science that deals with the changes in a physical or chemical system, and the rate of change in such a system.")
cnt(W934,"A branch of science that is devoted to the problems of gathering, storing, processing, and transmitting information.")
cnt(W935,"A branch of spatial statistics concerned with observations of a quantity defined on a finite set of points or regions.")
cnt(W936,"A branch of spatial statistics concerned with point observations of a continuously varying quantity over a region")
cnt(W937,"A branch of spatial statistics in which the observations are the locations of events throughout a region.")
cnt(W938,"A branch of surveying for making topographic maps, which determines the positions of the natural and man-made features and the configuration of the terrain.")
cnt(W939,"A branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is neglected except for leveling, where all distances and horizontal angles are projected onto one horizontal plane.")
cnt(W940,"A branch of surveying that establishes precise horizontal and vertical positions of reference monuments, which serve as the control framework for subordinate survey projects.")
cnt(W941,"A branch of surveying that takes the curvature of the earth into account, where all distances and horizontal angles are projected onto the surface of the reference ellipsoid.")
cnt(W942,"A branch of the governing body of the European Union (EU) invested with executive and some legislative powers located in Brussels, Belgium.  http: //www.answers.com/European Commission .")
cnt(W943,"A branch of the jawbone; e.g., the ascending and horizontal rami.")
cnt(W944,"A branch of the mechanics of continuous media that considers liquids and gases.")
cnt(W945,"A branch of theoretical mechanics concerned with the motion of a changeable (continuous) media.")
cnt(W946,"A branch of zoology dealing with insects.")
cnt(W947,"A branch or a shoot growing out from the parent plant and able to produce another similar plant.")
cnt(W949,"A branch oriented to increase food production on the basis of the resource saving, energy saving, and ecologically safe and economically proved technologies of cultivation of agricultural plants, as well as on a thorough biologization and ecologization of the intensification processes.")
cnt(W950,"A branching or forking leading to a qualitative change in the behavior of a system.")
cnt(W951,"A brand name for a perforated metal structural member that is popular with contractors due to ease of installation, often used to support electrical conduit and mechanical piping. Not used in food plants since it is difficult to clean.")
cnt(W952,"a break or breach in a river bank, such as a natural levée.")
cnt(W953,"A break or crack in the bedrock.")
cnt(W954,"A break or fracture in a subsurface rock formation causing offset of strata along which movement has occurred and which may act either as a conduit for the movement of subsurface fluids or as a barrier to their movement, thus forming a trap.")
cnt(W955,"A breaking wave that dives (plunges) into the shoreface, expending its energy very rapidly. This contrasts with a surging breaker which rushes up the beach conserving much of its energy.")
cnt(W956,"A breakwater composed of large reinforced concrete box (caisson) filled with sand and/or gravel with a superstructure of placed-in-place concrete, installed on top of a rubble mound foundation.")
cnt(W957,"A breakwater with an upright section composed of concrete caisson or rectangular concrete blocks, installed on top of a rubble mound foundation.")
cnt(W958,"A breed or variety of animals, humans, or plants having or supposed to have common ancestors and resembling each other in physical appearance.")
cnt(W959,"A brief light snowfall.")
cnt(W960,"A bright streak of light in the sky caused by the entry into Earth’s atmosphere of a meteoroid or a small icy particle. Very large, bright meteors are called ""fireballs"" and ""bolides"" (also ""shooting star"" or ""falling star"").")
cnt(W961,"A brittle alloy of iron and 2 to 6% carbon.")
cnt(W962,"A brittle, transparent, glassy solid that remains behind after the distillation of turpentine from pine resin.")
cnt(W963,"A broad abstract idea or a guiding principle, for example how a conspecific behaves or how events are perceived. The most basic understanding of something.")
cnt(W965,"A broad class of organisms in an ecosystem characterized by a single mode of food supply; e. g. Plants and herbivores, each occupy different trophic levels. Parasitoids of phytophagous insects frequently interact with plant allelochemicals through a tritrophic or multitrophic intercourse.")
cnt(W966,"A broad classification of techniques that may be used to detect components of complex mixtures, typically organic, on the basis of separation between a mobile and stationary phase.")
cnt(W967,"A broad classification of wastes that pose an unreasonable risk to environmental health and safety with characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.")
cnt(W968,"A broad elevated tableland or flat-topped highland, usually many hundreds or thousands of square kilometers, most of which are tholeiitic basalts and the products of fissure eruption.")
cnt(W969,"A broad field of research, theory and practice directed at the development of human resources, their rational and optimal use, and the establishment of a system in which these resources can find their full expression. The purpose of HRD is to enhance learning, human potential and high performance in work-related systems and contribute to sustainable and positive human development.")
cnt(W971,"A broad form of the body.")
cnt(W972,"a broad funnel-shaped bay, at the mouth of a river, where the tide meets the river current.")
cnt(W973,"A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals.")
cnt(W974,"A broad glacier at the base of a slope formed by the coalescing of valley glaciers from higher elevations ib the mountains.")
cnt(W975,"A broad interdisciplinary science focusing on the structure, nature, and dynamics of complex systems.")
cnt(W976,"A broad notion of critical science employed with a systems perspective.")
cnt(W977,"A broad personality dimension in Eysenck's model that reflects traits typical of low tender-mindedness such as being cold, hostile, unfriendly, unhelpful, and lacking empathy and guilt; this dimension corresponds to low agreeableness and low conscientiousness in the Five-Factor Model.")
cnt(W978,"A broad personality dimension in the Five-Factor Model reflecting positive qualities in interpersonal relationships such as helpfulness, trust, altruism, and tender-mindedness.")
cnt(W979,"A broad personality dimension in the Five-Factor Model that includes orderliness and methodicalness as well as will for achievement and success.")
cnt(W980,"A broad personality dimension that reflects emotional instability, negative emotionality, anxiety, and/or depression.")
cnt(W982,"A broad realm of human-made elements that leave a distinctive mark on the earth's surface and reflect the religious, agricultural, architectural, political, and commercial constructs of a particular people in space and time.")
cnt(W983,"A broad subdivision of the Precambrian, derived from its predecessor “Archeozoic”. In present terminology, it has the rank of eon. Its younger boundary has been arbitrarily set at 2500 Ma, whereas its older boundary is not clearly defined, but is here interpreted to lie at 3900 Ma.")
cnt(W984,"A broad term meaning changes in characteristics of a soil.")
cnt(W985,"A broad term that covers indigenous forest management systems and government-initiated programs at the village level.")
cnt(W986,"A broad term used to describe the effect something has on the sensory organs of touch, taste, or smell. The term is used to describe appearance, texture, aroma, and flavor of a food product.")
cnt(W987,"a broad, flat, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately uncovered and covered by the tide.")
cnt(W988,"A broad, interdisciplinary view held by many sociolinguists and linguistic anthropologists that the life of language should be examined within the matrix of socio-economic processes, cultural formations, relations of power and ideologies.")
cnt(W989,"a broad, shallow depression within continental crust that results from tectonic stresses. Because they are topographic lows they become regions where sediments are deposited.")
cnt(W990,"A broad-crested weir with an upstream slope of 1:2 and a downstream slope of 1:5")
cnt(W991,"A broiler raised to a heavier weight")
cnt(W992,"A brown coal in coalification intermediate between peat and bituminous coal.")
cnt(W993,"a brown product with specific flavor obtained by direct heating of sugars ")
cnt(W995,"a buffering technique allowing of uninterrupted video reception on the Internet")
cnt(W996,"a buffering technique allowing uninterrupted audio reception on the Internet")
cnt(W997,"A building and equipment for refining or purifying metals, oil, or sugar.")
cnt(W998,"A building contract is an agreement between two parties, a client and an individual or organisation, to undertake an agreed amount of work, to an agreed standard and for an agreed sum of money. The exacting requirements of good conservation practice means that the form of contract employed is extremely important to the success of the project. The size and nature of contracts will vary widely, but there are common elements which every contract should include, such as")
cnt(W999,"A building is defined in the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1972 as ""including any structure or erection, and any part of a building"". This was amended by The Housing and Planning Act 1986 to include in the case of listed buildings, ""any object or structure which is fixed to a building, or which falls within the curtilage of the building and, although not fixed to the building, has formed part of the land since before 1 July 1948, shall be treated as part of the building.""")
cnt(W1000,"A building or area in a condition of decay or partial ruin, either by misuse or through neglect.")
cnt(W1001,"A building or structure in which glass and metal castings are produced.")
cnt(W1002,"A building, or a complex of buildings, into which electronic information comes. Within the building, the information is modified in some way, and then sent on to another destination. Its principal components include a central facility offering diverse telecommunications across a variety of mediums, a land development opportunity, and a distribution network linking with telecommunications users in the area.")
cnt(W1003,"A built-up area created by the coalescence of once separate urban settlements, initially through ribbon development along major interurban routes. Characterized by a mosaic of different land-use types such as residential, commercial, and industrial.")
cnt(W1004,"A bulk material of fixed structure and composition. It may be a crystalline solid, a gas, a liquid, or a fluid.")
cnt(W1005,"A bulk storage container, usually of large volumetric capacity and tending to have a slender, cylindrical body section with a conical hopper section. May be built in banks and constructed of metal or concrete. Broadly synonymous with hopper and, to a limited extent, with bin and bunker.")
cnt(W1006,"A bulk storage container, usually of small or medium size. Synonymous with hopper and, to a limited extent, with silo. May be mobile or transportable.")
cnt(W1007,"a bunch of flowers or seeds, close or scattered; a compound raceme")
cnt(W1008,"A bunch of inclined square or diagonal tubes submerged in a sedimentation basin to quicken the settling of flocs. Sloping-plate settlers are also widely used.")
cnt(W1009,"A bunch of inclined square or diagonal tubes submerged in a sedimentation basin to quicken the settling of flocs. Sloping-plate settlers are also widely used.")
cnt(W1010,"A bundle of systems approaches stemming from engineering applications and analysis of large logistical systems. It is characterized by search for optimal solutions and works—as a rule—with highly elaborated mathematical methods.")
cnt(W1011,"a burden sharing arrangement for the distribution of emission abatement efforts is cost efficient if it is impossible to decrease total costs by reallocating abatement efforts while maintaining the overall reduction target.")
cnt(W1012,"A buried erosion surface separating two sedimentary rock masses.")
cnt(W1013,"A burst of a volcano followed by ejection of melted rocks, ashes, aerosols, and gases from the earth depths.")
cnt(W1014,"A bus architecture in which data is transmitted over one data line as opposed to 32 or 64 data lines. The different data bits are all multiplexed onto the same wire.")
cnt(W1015,"A bus used in PCs that use Pentium II and PentiumPro, dedicated to connecting the processor and cache. The processor and memory are connected by the standard processor memory bus while the backside bus connects the processor to the cache. It sits on the other side as the main processor to memory bus.")
cnt(W1016,"A bus used local to the processor as opposed to one that is globally used to connect any peripheral. VESA local bus (VLBus) and PCI buses are local buses in the personal computer world.")
cnt(W1017,"A bus used to interconnect 2 buses. Often the two buses are different, but occasionally there are bridge buses between the same kind of buses, eg:a PCI to PCI bridge")
cnt(W1018,"A business approach aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of a given product or service during its entire life cycle. A firm implementing life cycle management is one that is fully aware that its strategic decisions and activities may affect upstream and downstream life cycle stages.")
cnt(W1019,"A business that can offer a local telecommunications service in competition with the incumbent local telecommunications operator (for example, RBOC in the USA).")
cnt(W1020,"A business that inherently lends itself to domination by a single firm.")
cnt(W1021,"A business that manages a cargo owner's logistics needs at arm's length on the behalf of the cargo owner.")
cnt(W1022,"A business that transmits information over telecommunications networks.")
cnt(W1023,"A business undertaking to keep its customers' (depositors') money safe and available over time. The bank makes a profit on this transaction by lending the money entrusted to it out at interest to borrowers. Since only a fraction of depositors withdraw their deposits at any time, these activities are not inconsistent.")
cnt(W1026,"a by-product of sugar manufacture.")
cnt(W1027,"A cableway erected over a construction area for placing concrete in gravity, buttress or arch concrete dams.")
cnt(W1028,"A Ca–Fe–Al rock-forming silicate.")
cnt(W1029,"a calcareous concretion in the inner ear of a vertebrate or in the otocyst of an invertebrate")
cnt(W1030,"A calcareous mudrock.")
cnt(W1031,"A calcareous or siliceous mud, mainly the shells of small organisms, covering parts of the ocean bottom.")
cnt(W1032,"a calculation of the number of persons we can expect to be alive at a future date, given the number now alive and given reasonable assumptions about age-specific mortality and fertility rates.")
cnt(W1033,"A calculation procedure for determining a feasible point or a vertex of an LP.")
cnt(W1034,"A calculation procedure for improving the objective until the optimal point is reached.")
cnt(W1035,"A call option gives its owner the right, but no obligation, to buy a specified security for a specified price during a specified time frame.")
cnt(W1036,"A camera specially designed for aerial photogrammetry, and called a metric camera.")
cnt(W1037,"A camera tube in which a high-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive target that has electrical storage capacity, invented by Zworykin.")
cnt(W1038,"A camera tube invented by Philo Farnsworth with a continuous photocathode on which a photoelectric emission is formed and whose electron image is scanned by moving the image past an aperture.")
cnt(W1039,"A camera which records and outputs a digital image.")
cnt(W1040,"A canal crossing over a summit of hill or mountain by means of locks, ship lifts, and others.")
cnt(W1041,"A canal maintaining its water level same as the sea level throughout its length.")
cnt(W1042,"a cancer-causing substance or agent.")
cnt(W1043,"A capability of some plants to sense the length of the night. In turn, this capability allows plants to schedule their flowering time and, hence, their maturation time.")
cnt(W1044,"A car constructed with an aluminum supercarriage that is attached to traditional steel bogies, therefore reducing the tare weight and allowing the car to carry more freight.")
cnt(W1045,"A carbohydrate (sugar) polymer.")
cnt(W1047,"A carbohydrate containing two monosaccharide units joined by a glycoside linkage.")
cnt(W1048,"A carbohydrate occurring in rhizomes and roots of many plants; dahlia starch.")
cnt(W1049,"A carbon pool that is releasing carbon to the atmosphere faster than it is removing it, and is thus shrinking.")
cnt(W1050,"A carbon pool that is removing carbon from the atmosphere faster than it is releasing it, and is thus growing.")
cnt(W1051,"A cardinal scale, where the intensity of preference between two values is measured by their difference.")
cnt(W1052,"A cardinal scale, where the intensity of preference between two values is measured by their quotient.")
cnt(W1053,"A carrier combined with other carriers to create a composite signal.")
cnt(W1054,"a carrying element of a shaft or axle designed to fix in place the rotating or swinging part of a mechanism with respect to its parts.")
cnt(W1055,"A cartel seeks maximum profits by driving out competition and by limiting production in times of oversupply.")
cnt(W1056,"A cartilaginous part of the speech tract functioning  primarily to prevent food and solid objects from entering the respiratory tract and having  no major linguistic function.")
cnt(W1057,"A cartographic generalization operation in lines or polygons have their straight segments replaced by curves, thereby reducing the visual impact of sharp corners and angles, in order to produce a more natural look for the corresponding phenomenon.")
cnt(W1058,"A cartographic generalization operation in which a group of closely placed points, configuring a cluster, is delimited as a polygon.")
cnt(W1059,"A cartographic generalization operation in which certain visual characteristics of a feature are modified in order to increase its visual importance in a map.")
cnt(W1060,"A cartographic generalization operation in which contiguous polygonal objects are joined into one.")
cnt(W1061,"A cartographic generalization operation in which less significant elements that are placed near more significant ones are abandoned, in order to improve the overall readability of a map by setting a lower density of information.")
cnt(W1062,"A cartographic generalization operation in which the dimension of the representation of an object is reduced. For instance, a 2-D object such as a polygon can be transformed into a line or a point.")
cnt(W1063,"A cartographic generalization operation in which two or more parallel and close lines are combined for the sake of simplifying the representation of a feature, thus generating a single line.")
cnt(W1064,"A cartographic generalization operation in which two overlapping features are displaced relative to one another, in order to avoid the conflict and improve the map’s readability.")
cnt(W1065,"A cartographic generalization operation in which vertices from a line or a polygon are discarded in order to generate a simpler representation for the corresponding phenomenon.")
cnt(W1066,"A caste group in the state of Orissa.")
cnt(W1067,"A castrated male calf.")
cnt(W1068,"a catalyst containing a chiral ligand used to induce stereoselectivity in the reaction.")
cnt(W1069,"A catalytic converter that can chemically convert the three major gaseous pollutants:carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons, to non-toxic stable species.")
cnt(W1070,"A catalytic high pressure, high temperature process for the conversion of petroleum feedstocks in the presence of fresh and recycled hydrogen.")
cnt(W1071,"a catalytic RNA")
cnt(W1072,"A category of air pollutants that refers to small, solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in air.")
cnt(W1073,"a category of features in distinctive feature theory, determining the state in the larynx in the articulation of segments and including features ? ? voice? , ? ? spread glottis? , and ? ? constricted glottis? .")
cnt(W1074,"A category of infinite dimensional Lie algebras which represent symmetry of loops")
cnt(W1075,"a category of intangible rights protecting commercially valuable products of human intellect")
cnt(W1077,"a category of languages in tonal typology, using tone variations exclusively for intonational purposes, as opposed to tone languages and pitch-accent languages.")
cnt(W1078,"A category of life forms that require only inorganic chemicals and sunlight for growth.")
cnt(W1079,"A category of people based on presumedly shared ancestry and characterized by shared cultural elements reflecting that ancestry.")
cnt(W1081,"a category of water quality criteria that measures the combined toxic effects of pollutants on individual test species.")
cnt(W1082,"A cathode ray tube receiver developed by Vladimir Zworykin.")
cnt(W1083,"A caudal fin with unequal caudal-fin lobes; the end of the vertebral column extends into the upper lobe.")
cnt(W1084,"A causal scheme of risk determinants, with public interest(s) at the top and specific regulatee action at the bottom.")
cnt(W1087,"A cavity lined by an epithelium that contains the proboscis and is present in nemerteans.")
cnt(W1088,"A cell dividing by a wall parallel to the surface of the organ.")
cnt(W1089,"a cell having three times the haploid set of chromosomes.")
cnt(W1090,"a cell in a meristem which always remains within the meristem; its sister cells (derivatives) elongate and differentiate after several divisions. Comparable to the stem cell in animals.")
cnt(W1091,"a cell line formed by the hyridization of a myeloma and a lymphocyte.")
cnt(W1093,"a cell obtaining all its carbon from organic compounds")
cnt(W1094,"A cell or an organism possessing a single homologous chromosome set")
cnt(W1095,"A cell or an organism possessing two homologous autosomal (with no relation to sex determination) chromosome sets (of paternal and maternal origin) that code organism traits")
cnt(W1096,"A cell or organism having a membrane-enclosed (true) nucleus and usually other organelles. (Fungi, algae, plants and animals are eukaryotes, whereas bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, i.e. organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles).")
cnt(W1097,"A cell or tissue synthesizing protoplasm and dividing; thus, a source of other cells or tissues.")
cnt(W1098,"a cell population derived from a single cell.")
cnt(W1099,"a cell population derived from a single common progeny, assumed not to have altered by differentiation or somatic mutation")
cnt(W1101,"A cell that has undergone artificial insertion of genetic sequences.")
cnt(W1102,"a cell that responds to stimulation by inducing activity in an adjacent nerve.")
cnt(W1103,"A cell which utilizes the generation of an electromotive force when the sun’s rays fall upon it.")
cnt(W1104,"A cellular agent for asexual reproduction.")
cnt(W1106,"A cellular data structure composed of rows and columns. (A group of cells representing features in which each cell represents the value of the feature. A format for storing, processing, and displaying graphic data in which graphic images are stored as values for uniform grid cells or pixels.)")
cnt(W1107,"A cellular organelle containing pigment, e.g. chloroplasts in plants.")
cnt(W1108,"A cellular pattern seen in white light in the photosphere. Individual granules are bright, often polygonal regions, with mean size ~1000 km and lifetime ~15 minutes, separated by darker intergranular lanes.")
cnt(W1109,"A cellulose ether obtained by the reaction of gaseous ethene oxide or propene oxide onto alkali cellulose, with thermoplastic and film forming properties.")
cnt(W1110,"A cellulose-like material in wood that is easily decomposable, e.g.,, by dilute acid, yielding several different simple sugars.")
cnt(W1111,"A cementing and lubricating polymer agent; either a material added to the powder to increase the fluidity during forming or to improve the green strength of the compact (which is expelled during sintering), or a polymer added to a powder for the specific purpose of holding particles together.")
cnt(W1112,"a center (in synthetic organic chemistry is a carbon atom) that will become stereogenic in a chemical transformation. Glycerol is prochiral, oxidation of one of the two primary hydroxyl groups can generate two enantiomers. Also butanone is prochiral, the reduction can afford two enantiomers.")
cnt(W1113,"A center of commerce, usually with a cohesive core of traditional commercial buildings.")
cnt(W1114,"A center of research and a think-tank, formed by a group of scientists, economists, businessmen, international high civil servants, Heads of State, and former Heads of State from the five continents, who are convinced that the future of humankind is not determined once and for all, and that each human being can contribute to the improvement of our societies.")
cnt(W1115,"a central concept in game theory that recognizes that no egoistic rational actor can pursue its own interests independently of the choices of other actors")
cnt(W1116,"A central concept of Confucianism, which means a virtue by which one shares the feelings of others and treat others as oneself.")
cnt(W1117,"a central government program purportedly to permit local involvement in forest management.")
cnt(W1118,"a central member of category, which is naturally the most salient, the one that first comes to mind, is easily remembered and quickly recognized; a mental representation, a cognitive reference point i.e. image or schema")
cnt(W1119,"a central notion of modern democracy and electoral systems.")
cnt(W1120,"A central place theory that is concerned with the distribution and size of settlements resulting from the marketing of goods and services. It postulates an even spread of settlements serving hexagonal market areas in a hierarchic arrangement, with the upper members being the major urban centers and the lower members being the much more numerous small towns, villages, and hamlets with limited services. The model was the work in 1933 of the German geographer W. Christaller.")
cnt(W1121,"A centralized location for citizen deposit of recyclable materials.")
cnt(W1122,"A ceramic substrate in the catalytic converter where active catalyst particles are embedded.")
cnt(W1123,"A certain class of dynamical systems in which time and state are discrete which provide the simplest possible modeling of spatio-temporal aspects of natural phenomena.")
cnt(W1124,"A certain value of stress (yield point), beyond which the material does not behave elastically but undergoes permanent deformation at a constant stress and strain rate.")
cnt(W1125,"A certificate issued in the United States by a trustee bank indicating that it holds a specified number of shares in a foreign (non-US) corporation. These certificates are traded on the stock exchange.")
cnt(W1126,"A certificate stating that the works are now complete and the client is due a full and final settlement to the contractor.")
cnt(W1127,"A cessation of the normal operation of one or more items of power system equipment due to a fault or scheduled maintenance that can lead to an interruption of electricity supply (a blackout).")
cnt(W1128,"a chain of amino acids containing more than 20-30 elements.")
cnt(W1129,"A chain of formal propositions p ? q ? r ? ??? ? z whose last term z is the premise for the first one p. To avoid being a tautology, a logical loop must be implemented on instances of propositions, that is, on facts. In this case, it means that there is a feedback mechanism, driven by the output of the last fact (component, flux) z, which influences the input of the first fact (component, flux) p.")
cnt(W1131,"A chain of people, with knowledge of each other’s existence, who assist each other in various ways.")
cnt(W1132,"A chamber in which cells (microbial, animal, or plant) are grown under strictly controlled conditions.")
cnt(W1133,"A chancy process whereby one seeks at a certain direction and reaches another one that is no less fortunate. The term was taken from Horace Walpole’s fairy-tale, The Three Princes of Serendip, in which the heroes make discoveries by accident of things that there were not seeking at. The sociologist Robert Merton used the idea to characterize scientific research as a voyage into the unknown by routes that are unpredictable and unplannable. It happens often that a researcher finds something important, during the course of a different research programme that he was not in search of.")
cnt(W1134,"a change from one alternative to another that makes no one worse off and at least one party strictly better off")
cnt(W1135,"A change goal(s) is mutually established by the change agent and client organization with the end to improve the organization’s performance. Once achieved, the goal ceases to exist.")
cnt(W1136,"A change in an attribute of an assessment endpoint or its surrogate in response to a stressor to which it is exposed.")
cnt(W1137,"A change in an internal or external factor which affects the climate.")
cnt(W1138,"A change in behavior as a function of a command.")
cnt(W1139,"A change in behavior caused by pressure from others.")
cnt(W1140,"A change in behavior, resulting from a mere request, that is motivated by a desire to gain reward or avoid punishment.")
cnt(W1142,"A change in natural processes on a global scale.")
cnt(W1143,"A change in species composition and ecological conditions at the boundary between adjacent ecosystems. This results from the interaction of two ecosystems separated by an abrupt transition. The penetration depth of edge effects from the borderline towards the ecosystem interior is called depth-of-edge influence.")
cnt(W1144,"A change in state of a system. Examples include transitions such as solid to liquid and liquid to gas.")
cnt(W1145,"A change in the average net radiation (solar or terrestrial) exchanged across the top of the troposphere.")
cnt(W1149,"A change in the brain resulting from stimulation that results in a representation of the information contained in that stimulation, which has the capability of affecting future behavior.")
cnt(W1150,"A change in the bulk chemical composition of a rock; caused by fluid transport of some chemical components into or out of the rock.")
cnt(W1151,"A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.")
cnt(W1152,"A change in the energy balance of the climate system caused by a force external to the climate system. Examples include a change in the intensity of incoming sunlight, an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, and an increase in the concentration of aerosols into the atmosphere as a result of a volcanic eruption.")
cnt(W1153,"A change in the evaluation, intra-attitudinal structure, or inter-attitudinal structure.")
cnt(W1154,"A change in the mineralogy of the country rock as a result of a chemical interaction with hydrothermal fluids. For example, mafic minerals such as hornblende or biotite may alter to chlorite while feldspars may alter to clay minerals. An alteration zone describes rocks that have been altered to a specific association of secondary or alteration minerals, usually around the perimeter of a mineral deposit.")
cnt(W1155,"A change in the relative positions of particles of a body.")
cnt(W1156,"A change in the sea level measured relative to a predetermined datum on the sea floor or within the sediment below the sea floor. It is caused by tectonic uplift or subsidence, or by eustasy.")
cnt(W1157,"A change in the structure of a farm away from a mix of enterprises (e.g. crop types) towards a single enterprise, in order to exploit comparative advantage and the economies of scale.")
cnt(W1159,"A change of composition of a mineral or mineral aggregate by diffusion of new material in and old material out without breakdown of the solid state.")
cnt(W1163,"A change that occurs in a substance during a heat exchange without change in the chemical structure of the material.")
cnt(W1164,"A change that transforms the current solution into a neighbor solution.")
cnt(W1166,"A changeable system of material points representing the continuous distribution of a substance, physical characteristics of its state and of its motion in space.")
cnt(W1167,"A channel bearing the traces of periodic rush of mudflows, characterized by alternation of wash-out sites and deposited material.")
cnt(W1168,"A channel created to allow fish to migrate past a dam in a river.")
cnt(W1169,"a channel or miniature valley cut by concentrated run-off but through which water commonly flows only during and immediately after heavy rains or during the melting of snow. It may be branched or linear, but is usually relatively long, narrow, and of uniform width.")
cnt(W1170,"A channel whose bandwidth is independent of its carrier frequency.")
cnt(W1171,"A channel whose bandwidth is proportional to its carrier frequency.")
cnt(W1172,"a character represents a meaningful unit, such as a morpheme or a word")
cnt(W1173,"a character represents a phoneme.")
cnt(W1174,"a character represents a segment of a syllable")
cnt(W1175,"a character represents a syllable")
cnt(W1176,"a character trait that motivates the expression of values through action.")
cnt(W1177,"A characteristic atmospheric pressure pattern found over the North Pacific Ocean.")
cnt(W1178,"a characteristic inherent in the design (e.g., reliability, maintainability, etc.")
cnt(W1179,"A characteristic number relating the speed, the discharge, and the hydraulic head in terms of revolutions per minute, associated with a particular turbine design.")
cnt(W1180,"A characteristic of a flow system where the magnitude and direction of specific discharge are constant in time at any point.")
cnt(W1181,"A characteristic of a flow system where the magnitude and/or direction of the specific discharge changes with time. Synonymous with non-steady flow. See also flow, steady.")
cnt(W1182,"A characteristic of a geographic feature.")
cnt(W1183,"A characteristic of a medium in which material properties are identical everywhere.")
cnt(W1184,"A characteristic of a medium in which material properties vary from point to point.")
cnt(W1185,"a characteristic of a natural resource that can be harvested on a continuous basis without being depleted.")
cnt(W1186,"a characteristic of a natural resource that cannot be harvested on a continuous basis without being depleted.")
cnt(W1187,"A characteristic of an object of a process where the object’s dependence on the history of the process is fully captured by its dependence on the current state of the process.")
cnt(W1188,"A characteristic of certain elements that show a high affinity for metallic phases, i.e., preferentially dissolve within a metallic host phase.")
cnt(W1189,"A characteristic of common law systems which dictates that courts should follow their previous decisions and those of courts superior in the judicial hierarchy. Also known as judicial precedent.")
cnt(W1190,"A characteristic of living systems to continuously renew themselves and to maintain their structure through processes of self-regulation.")
cnt(W1191,"A characteristic of some geologic material that limits its ability to transmit significant quantities of water under the head differences ordinarily found in the subsurface.")
cnt(W1192,"a characteristic of space or time relationship between successive values of random variable.")
cnt(W1193,"a characteristic of sustainability in ecosystems, systems in which there are long periods of aggregation and shorter periods which may ""flip"" -- undergo abrupt change -- into alternate states.")
cnt(W1194,"A characteristic of the geologic matrix of interest in which hydraulic conductivity is dependent upon position.")
cnt(W1195,"A characteristic of the geologic matrix of interest, in which hydraulic conductivity is independent of position.")
cnt(W1196,"a characteristic often exhibited by complex systems in which the system operates in a narrow band between order and disorder")
cnt(W1198,"A characteristic pattern of atmospheric pressure variation found over the North Atlantic Ocean.")
cnt(W1199,"A characteristic transition in state diagram when all freezable water is frozen. This transition provides unfreezable water fraction, end point of freezing, and characteristic glass transition.")
cnt(W1200,"A characteristic, which does not conform to applicable specification requirements and adversely affects or potentially affects the quality of device.")
cnt(W1202,"A characterization of the relationship between two variables where the elasticity (percentage response in one variable at a 1% change in the other) is constant, and independent of scale.")
cnt(W1203,"A charge for buying or selling a security.")
cnt(W1204,"A charged particle accelerator in which the orbit is maintained by increasing the magnetic fields as radiofrequency energy is injected.")
cnt(W1205,"a charity founded in the city of Oxford to promote famine relief and now involved in education and development work as well as direct provision of aid")
cnt(W1206,"A chart in which a magnetic property (like declination, inclination, etc.) is illustrated by contours of equal value.")
cnt(W1207,"a chart showing the variation of water level or flow against time.")
cnt(W1208,"A charter signed by around 300 European cities after the 1992 Rio conference, to commit themselves to sustainable urban development.")
cnt(W1209,"A chelant.")
cnt(W1210,"A chemical agent able to reduce the viability of microorganisms.")
cnt(W1211,"A chemical agent adaptive to an organism other than its source, such as plant chemical cues to which herbivores respond by attraction.")
cnt(W1212,"A chemical agent that when added to a reaction (process) enhances the conversion of a feedstock without being consumed in the process.")
cnt(W1213,"A chemical agent which is added to food toprevent or retard the deterioration thereof. According to food regulations, this definition does not include common salt, sugars, vinegar, and spices.")
cnt(W1214,"a chemical bond formed by condensation of a carboxylic acid with an amino group")
cnt(W1215,"A chemical change brought about by the action of heat.")
cnt(W1217,"A chemical compound released by a fish that is detected by another fish. May cause changes in behaviour in the fish receiving the signal.")
cnt(W1219,"A chemical compound that attracts swimming larvae to the substrate to begin a sessile existence.")
cnt(W1220,"A chemical compound that generally is not derived from life processes: salts and noncarbon containing compounds. The mineral nutrients essential to plants are inorganic.")
cnt(W1222,"A chemical compound that helps to stabilize the pH of a system, typically by conversion between ionized and un-ionized forms, thus neutralizing or absorbing any other ions tending to change the pH.")
cnt(W1223,"A chemical compound that influences the interaction between two species in a way that gives an advantage to the organism that produces it.")
cnt(W1224,"A chemical compound to enhance the process in which colloidal suspensions are destabilized and particles start agglomerate.")
cnt(W1225,"A chemical compound used a source of one or more nutrients by a microorganism. Also used to mean a compound acted upon by an enzyme.")
cnt(W1226,"A chemical created and used to eliminate pests; insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are produced to eliminate insects, weeds, and fungi, respectively.")
cnt(W1227,"A chemical element necessary for plant growth in small amounts, usually less than 100 mg/kg in the plant; includes B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn.")
cnt(W1229,"A chemical element needed by plants in amounts usually > 0.2% for good growth. Examples : C, N, O, K, Ca, Mg, S and H.")
cnt(W1230,"A chemical element required for the normal growth and reproduction of plants. ")
cnt(W1231,"a chemical element used in minute amounts by organism and held essential to their physiology (e.g. iron, zinc, iodine). ")
cnt(W1233,"A chemical evaporation control technique involving long chain molecules.")
cnt(W1234,"A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA. There are several classes of RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and other small RNAs, each serving a different purpose.")
cnt(W1235,"a chemical growth-regulating substance that can be or  is produced by a living organism.")
cnt(W1236,"A chemical interaction between sugars and proteins, also referred to as the browning reaction.")
cnt(W1237,"A chemical molecule used by living cells (vegetal and animal) and that does not have to be digested.")
cnt(W1238,"A chemical or bouquet of chemicals released passively from injured tissue. Synonyms in the literature are alarm substance, Schreckstoff, alarm pheromone.")
cnt(W1239,"A chemical or chemicals released passively or actively by disturbed or startled individuals. Disturbance cues do not include any injury or damage-released cues.")
cnt(W1240,"A chemical or enzymatic simple and fast reaction which transforms an original or native chemical structure thus allowing its facilitated analysis. Free fatty acids (FFA) are not easily analyzed as such but their methyl esters (FAME; derivation of the carboxyl group by methanol) render them volatile enough to be analzyed by GLC.")
cnt(W1241,"A chemical or mixture that can cause illness, death, disease, or birth defects. The quantities and exposures necessary to cause these effects can vary widely. Many toxic substances are pollutants and contaminants in the environment.")
cnt(W1242,"A chemical or physical agent that induces permanent transmissible change in the genetic material.")
cnt(W1244,"A chemical or physical process that destroys organisms that cause infectious disease. Chlorine and ozone are often used in disinfection of water.")
cnt(W1245,"A chemical process that takes place in the cellular structures of green plants, blue-green algae, phytoplankton, and certain other organisms, and that transforms received solar energy into chemically stored foodstuffs through the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates with the simultaneous release of oxygen.")
cnt(W1247,"A chemical process whereby soluble components are rendered insoluble.")
cnt(W1248,"A chemical reaction between a substance and water, which can bring about the formation of new substances. A typical example is the hydrolysis when an acid salt is dissolved in water.")
cnt(W1249,"A chemical reaction catalyzed by microorganisms (growing or resting cells) or by isolated enzymes.")
cnt(W1250,"A chemical reaction caused by exposure to oxygen that results in a change in the chemical composition of a mineral.")
cnt(W1251,"a chemical reaction converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.")
cnt(W1252,"a chemical reaction equation, in which molecules involved in a reaction, including enzymes, are represented as letters")
cnt(W1253,"a chemical reaction in chlorine-rich biomass that forms hydrochloric acid or in sulphur-rich feedstocks which react to form sulphuric acid")
cnt(W1256,"A chemical reaction involving either the loss or gain of one or more electrons and the transformation of a reduced species to an oxidized form, or vice versa.")
cnt(W1257,"A chemical reaction proceeding in the presence of sunlight. Photolysis (breakup of solid, liquid, or gaseous bodies under light absorption) is one of the main types of the photochemical reactions.")
cnt(W1258,"A chemical reaction proceeds in both forward and backward directions at the same rate.")
cnt(W1259,"a chemical reaction showing oscillations or chemical wave activity such as spirals and targets.")
cnt(W1260,"a chemical reaction that allow to link a carboxylic acid and an alcohol generating an ester.")
cnt(W1261,"A chemical reaction that removes an atom or functional group from a molecule.")
cnt(W1262,"A chemical reactive molecule with an unpaired electron")
cnt(W1267,"A chemical signal that conveys a message between organisms of the same or different species.")
cnt(W1268,"A chemical species capable of accepting a proton from an acid (Brønsted base) or capable of donating an electron pair to an acid forming a covalent bond (Lewis base). Basicity is a term related with the thermodynamics of a reaction.")
cnt(W1269,"A chemical species capable of donating a proton to a base (Brønsted acid) or capable of accepting an electron pair from a base forming a covalent bond (Lewis acid). Acidity is a term related with the thermodynamics of a reaction.")
cnt(W1270,"A chemical species in stepwise reactions that is formed from the reactants and reacts further to give (either directly or indirectly) the products of a chemical reaction. Note the difference from the transition state. The intermediate is a real chemical species, characterized by a local potential energy minimum, and exists only in stepwise reactions. The transition state is not a real chemical species and corresponds to a local potential energy maximum (the saddle point) connecting reactants and products of an elementary step. Each elementary step has a transition state.")
cnt(W1271,"A chemical species which is added to a reaction mixture in order to allow the reaction to proceed.")
cnt(W1272,"A chemical species which is consumed in the course of a reaction.")
cnt(W1273,"A chemical species which is formed in the course of a reaction.")
cnt(W1274,"A chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to cause the leaves to drop off prematurely.")
cnt(W1275,"A chemical structurally related to the pheromone which results from slight modifications of the pheromone structure and that have a variety of physiological and behavioral effects.")
cnt(W1276,"A chemical substance capable of eliciting an immune response.")
cnt(W1278,"A chemical substance that is related to another substance, such as a derivative of a compound, or one belonging to the same chemical family.")
cnt(W1279,"a chemical term denoting a mole of charge. The concentration of an ion in meq/l = C.z/m, where C = the concentration in mg/l, z = the charge on the ion and m = the molar mass.")
cnt(W1280,"A chemical that draws both sexes of an organism to group or congregate.")
cnt(W1281,"A chemical that elicits a negative displacement of an organism away from it.")
cnt(W1282,"A chemical that elicits a positive displacement of an organism towards it.")
cnt(W1284,"A chemical transformation when one or more chemical species are transformed into one or more different chemical species.")
cnt(W1285,"A chemical transmitter released by nerve endings.")
cnt(W1286,"A chemical used in medical treatments to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. It is mainly used as medicine.")
cnt(W1287,"A chemical used to kill or inhibit the growth of any type of microorganism. It is used as more general term than anti-biotic.")
cnt(W1288,"A chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual.")
cnt(W1289,"A chemically deposited sedimentary rock with alternate laminations rich in iron oxides and quartz, formed by oxidation of dissolved iron in seawater and subsequent precipitation of iron-oxide minerals.")
cnt(W1291,"A chicken raised for meat, typically to about 1.8 to 2 kg in 7 weeks")
cnt(W1292,"A chief of an administrative unit called a Pir, which is comprised of a group of villages.")
cnt(W1293,"a child placed by a court under the care and supervision of a guardian or conservator")
cnt(W1296,"A Chinese classification defining a kind of bituminous coal. It is a medium rank bituminous coal, whose volatile matter is between 26 and 37%, and whose maximum thickness of plastic layer is between 25 and 30mm.")
cnt(W1297,"A Chinese Empire, that lasted from 206 BC to AD 220, during which a vast territory across Central Asia in the west to the Korean Peninsula to the east was brought under its control. ")
cnt(W1298,"a Chinese philosopher who is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism")
cnt(W1299,"a Chinese philosopher, like Confucius, who traveled from state to state conversing with the government rulers.")
cnt(W1300,"A Chinese philosopher, moralist, statesman and educationist who founded Confucianism.")
cnt(W1301,"a chitinous bristle (s) protruding from an epidermal pocket in the body wall. Sometimes referred to as setae.")
cnt(W1302,"A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide related to aldrin and dieldrin in structure.")
cnt(W1303,"A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide that, like others in this group, is extremely poisonous and long lasting in the environment. Its use is banned or restricted in many countries.")
cnt(W1304,"A choice of strategies, one for each player.")
cnt(W1305,"A chondrodystrophy associated with severe endemic selenium deficiency")
cnt(W1306,"A chromosome is a grouping of coiled strands of DNA, containing many genes.")
cnt(W1307,"A chromosome not involved in sex determination. The diploid human genome consists of 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (the X and Y chromosomes).")
cnt(W1308,"a chronic or seasonal lack of sufficient food causing disease and debilitation")
cnt(W1309,"A chronic, nonfatal filarial disease. Transmission is by the bite of an infected female blackfly.")
cnt(W1310,"A ciliated groove on the midventral surface of the pharynx of Chordata. It is homologous to the vertebrate thyroid and its cells can fix iodine. It produces adhesive mucus that traps suspended particles.")
cnt(W1311,"A cipher in which each letter of a message is replaced with another character, but preserves its position within the message.")
cnt(W1312,"A cipher in which the original letters of a plaintext message are rearranged into a different, unintelligible sequence according to a fixed rule.")
cnt(W1313,"A circuit of mid-latitude currents around the periphery of an ocean basin. Most oceanographers recognize five gyres plus the West Wind Drift.")
cnt(W1315,"A circuit that passes through all the edges.")
cnt(W1316,"A circuit that transforms a continuous voltage or current to a discretized version. Typically, a binary valued output.")
cnt(W1317,"A circuit that transforms a discrete (typically binary) valued input signal into a continuous voltage or current.")
cnt(W1318,"A circular and vertical flow of material due to uneven temperature distribution. As materials are heated they become less dense and rise; when cooled, they become heavier and sink.")
cnt(W1319,"A circular device with black and white quadrats, which is suspended in the water for measuring water transparency.")
cnt(W1320,"A circular disk blade with a sharpened circumference for cutting crop residue and cutting and/or loosening the soil. Coulter designs include smooth, notched, rippled, and fluted.")
cnt(W1321,"A circular form of communication in which each participant constructs his own understanding. Checks on understandings between participants occur through re-presentation of individual understandings in a feedback loop. Conversation occurs between participants and is essentially interactive.")
cnt(W1322,"A circular movement of water, like a small whirlpool, usually formed where currents pass obstructions, or between two adjacent currents flowing in opposite directions, or along the edge of a permanent current.")
cnt(W1323,"A circular orifice that can be varied in diameter and made from a number of overlapping elements.")
cnt(W1324,"A circular particle accelerator.")
cnt(W1325,"A circular sealing ring with circular cross section, made of rubber or other flexible material.")
cnt(W1326,"A circular series of cause-and-effect relationships, which may produce or contribute to a characteristic pattern of change over time, such as growth, decay, or fluctuation.")
cnt(W1328,"A circular system transferring certain elements and molecules between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere.")
cnt(W1329,"A circular to oval simple closed depression found in karst terrain, formed by solution, cave collapse, piping, or subsidence.")
cnt(W1330,"A circular water distributional structural positioned at the terminus of a Roman aqueduct or canal permitting the redirection of waters into a series of pipes servicing a town or city.")
cnt(W1331,"A circulation pattern by which deep, cold, usually nutrient-laden water moves toward the surface. Upwelling can be caused by winds blowing parallel to shore or offshore.")
cnt(W1333,"a circumscribed or constrained range of behavior of a system which underlies and ""attracts"" how a system is functioning (technically, a stable pattern in phase or state space).")
cnt(W1334,"A cis-acting DNA sequence that enables certain eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter.")
cnt(W1335,"A city creating a self-sufficient, aesthetically pleasing urban environment with minimal pollution and waste generation, and with active participation of every member of society in the protection of bios.")
cnt(W1336,"A city for sustainable development. A sustainable city includes more than ecology; it also comprises a sound economy and the eradication of poverty.")
cnt(W1337,"A city in central Osaka Prefecture that is adjacent to northern Osaka City. A satelite city many of whose citizens commute to Osaka City, Japan’s second largest city after Tokyo. Population is 400,000 (1999).")
cnt(W1338,"A city in southwestern Tokyo. Formerly an agricultural area, it has developed as an industrial city in the past fifty years and now, as a residential city.")
cnt(W1339,"A city in which a disproportionate part of the world's most important business is conducted; a focal point or command center for the organization of the global economy. A common synonym is ""global city.""")
cnt(W1340,"a city of western Saudi Arabia near the coast of the Red Sea. The birthplace of Mohammed, it is the holiest city of Islam and a pilgrimage site for all devout believers of the faith.")
cnt(W1341,"A city situated in southern Nagano Prefecture, in the mountains of central Honshu, Japan’s main island where such important cities as Tokyo and Osaka are located. A consumer city of the outlying agricultural villages. Population is 105,000.")
cnt(W1342,"A city which integrates environmental concerns in all areas of public and private policy-making.")
cnt(W1343,"A city with a population of over 500,000 people designated by an ordinance based on the Local Autonomy Law to have the same authority as the prefectural government in the areas of adiministration and finance")
cnt(W1344,"A city with a population that is over 10 million")
cnt(W1346,"A city-region's sum of goods and services")
cnt(W1347,"A city's climate-stable practice is a practical commitment to lower greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050 to an amount that is proportionally in keeping with the globally sustainable level deemed to be 3.3 tons per person per year in 1990 levels.")
cnt(W1348,"A claim of justice for a certain type of treatment based on some past action that a person has performed.")
cnt(W1349,"a claim that various international public goods are most likely to be supplied when a single country holds an abundance of politically relevant resources and enjoys a large advantage in such resources over its nearest rivals")
cnt(W1350,"A class of (nonlinear) solution concepts based on a fair or equalizing assessment of complaints to be lodged by coalitions against proposals for utility assignments.")
cnt(W1351,"A class of bacteria, including organisms such as Aerobacter aerogenes, E. coli; which are found in animal wastes; and are useful indicators of pollution.")
cnt(W1352,"A class of data that is processed in a format easily understandable by a human such as audio or visual signals.")
cnt(W1353,"A class of decision problems is closed under complements if whenever a problem is in the class, then the complement of that problem is also in the class.")
cnt(W1354,"a class of fat-soluble accessory pigments that includes the carotens and the xanthophylls, found in algae and plants")
cnt(W1355,"a class of fungi (some genera of yeasts occurring in foods belong to this class).")
cnt(W1356,"a class of fungi (some yeast genera occurring in foods belong to this class)")
cnt(W1358,"a class of fungi which includes majority of yeasts occurring in/on foods.")
cnt(W1361,"a class of glucosides particularly abundant in the families Cruciferae, Capparidaceae and Resedaceae.")
cnt(W1362,"A class of hormones involved in cell cycle control.")
cnt(W1363,"A class of hydrolytic enzymes that has cellulose as the most preferred substrate.")
cnt(W1364,"A class of iterative optimization algorithms that ensure convergence of the iterates from arbitrary starting points.")
cnt(W1365,"A class of iterative optimization algorithms that ensure convergence of the iterates from arbitrary starting points.")
cnt(W1366,"a class of natural compounds containing a common skeleton with four condensed cycles, that perform important biological activities.")
cnt(W1367,"a class of natural compounds made by carboxylic acids with a linear chain with an even number of carbon atoms.")
cnt(W1368,"a class of natural compounds that originate biosynthetically by junction of isoprene units, a chemical entity with 5 carbon atoms.")
cnt(W1369,"a class of natural compounds with the common feature to be hydrophobic.")
cnt(W1370,"a class of natural compounds, belonging to the so defined fats, that are made by three units of fatty acid linked to a molecule of glycerine.")
cnt(W1371,"A class of naturally occurring highly toxic compounds, produced by strains of the mold Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.")
cnt(W1372,"A class of nuclear particles which contain neutrons and protons.")
cnt(W1373,"A class of optimal control problems with a linear state equation and a quadratic cost functional")
cnt(W1374,"A class of optimization algorithms for constrained optimization problems.")
cnt(W1375,"A class of optimization algorithms for inequality constrained optimization problems.")
cnt(W1376,"A class of organic molecules, containing an amino group, which combine in to form protein sequences. ")
cnt(W1377,"A class of persons, which owns little or no property. In Marxist theory the proletariat are the exploited class, which will eventually overthrow the capitalists.")
cnt(W1378,"a class of pesticide chemistry that inhibits the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase enzyme by irreversibly phosphorylating the enzymes active site")
cnt(W1379,"A class of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-containing prokaryotes. Also known as blue-green algae")
cnt(W1380,"A class of plants that includes single-celled plants and common seaweeds, some secreting calcium carbonate.")
cnt(W1381,"A class of problems solvable within a specified resource bound by some computation model.")
cnt(W1382,"A class of processed food products that are minimally pasteurised, lack conventional preservatives and are maintained at refrigerated temperatures in an oxygen-free atmosphere.")
cnt(W1383,"A class of resources that are used jointly by a group of people, so that it is difficult to exclude certain users, and so that the resources used by one person or group is not available to others.")
cnt(W1384,"A class of results characterizing Walrasian (competitive) equilibria of large economies as (elements of) game theoretic solutions.")
cnt(W1385,"A class of RNA found in the ribosomes of cells.")
cnt(W1386,"a class of sampling designs in which the population is formed by a pattern of units (points or arbitrarily shaped structures) over the study region and the first-order inclusion probabilities are assigned on the basis of an easy-to-quantify characteristic of the units.")
cnt(W1387,"a class of sampling designs with a population made up of sub-regions with known areas (representing a partition of the study region) and for which the first-order inclusion probabilities are assigned proportionally to the sub-region sizes.")
cnt(W1388,"A class of solution concepts for NTU-games containing only payoff vectors that are immune against admissible alternatives proposed by coalitions as objections.")
cnt(W1389,"A class of statistical techniques that combines methods of rotation, translation, centering and reflection to produce a consensus configuration or a perceptual map of products from individual data.")
cnt(W1390,"A class of steroidal female sex hormones.")
cnt(W1391,"A class of structural and non-structural materials having unique properties made from ultra-fine particles with sizes of the order of 10–9 m.")
cnt(W1393,"A class of synthesized hydrocarbons, which is a petroleum-like liquid fuel, produced from gasified biomass.")
cnt(W1394,"a class of synthetic pesticides derived from Chrysanthemum that block the closing of sodium ion channels")
cnt(W1395,"A class of terpenes isolated from plant sources by distillation.")
cnt(W1396,"A class of vascular plants bearing seeds within enclosing carpellary structures. They are the most advanced and most widely distributed vascular plants, and are also known as ""flowering plants.""")
cnt(W1397,"a class of vertebrates comprising cartilaginous fishes characterized by the absence of true bone: sharks and rays.")
cnt(W1398,"A class of wavelets is characterized by a maximal number of vanishing moments for some given support. With each wavelet type of this class, there is a mother wavelet which generates an orthogonal multiresolution analysis.")
cnt(W1399,"A class of wood adhesive resins based on phenol and formaldehyde, usually used for exterior engineered wood.")
cnt(W1401,"A classic theory in the field of mass communication, which suggests that the content of news media has an influence on what issues the public considers important.")
cnt(W1402,"A classical device for incubating fish eggs.")
cnt(W1403,"A classical risk measure quantifying the risk of an alternative by the mean square deviation of its potential outcomes from its mean outcome.")
cnt(W1404,"A classical risk measure quantifying the risk of an alternative by the square root of the mean square deviation of its potential outcomes from its mean outcome.")
cnt(W1405,"A classical set which includes all elements and sets of a mathematical model.")
cnt(W1406,"A classification created in order to yield information about something other than the entities being classified; for example, a classification of pottery types, which will then be used for the dating of archaeological sites.")
cnt(W1407,"A classification in graded subdivisions.")
cnt(W1410,"A classification method in which cases are grouped together by relative similarity into classes. Samples are therefore clustered into natural groupings")
cnt(W1411,"A classification method in which the classes are defined and characterised at the outset. Samples to be classified are allocated to the class with which they have greatest similarity.")
cnt(W1412,"a classification system that is exclusively based on phenotypic characters.")
cnt(W1413,"A clast produced by a fossil organism.")
cnt(W1414,"A clay film deposited on a soil ped or in a pore after this clay has migrated in the profile; a diagnostic criterion for defining a clay illuviation horizon. ")
cnt(W1415,"A clay in which the effective pressure in the past was greater than the present value, this normally being brought about by removal of some of the clay by erosion.")
cnt(W1416,"A clay material composed primarily of montmorillonite, which is an expansive clay mineral.")
cnt(W1417,"A clay mineral has 3-dimensional structure defined by 3 axes, a, b, and c, or x,y, and z, where the c or z axis defines the vertical extent of the structure. The plane defined by the a,b or x,y axes is called the basal plane of the clay mineral. In platy minerals, the plates stack along their basal planes, similar to a stack of dinner plates. The c or z vertical height of the mineral is defined as the distance from the basal plane of one plate to the basal plane of the plate above (or below) it.")
cnt(W1418,"A clay mineral, which on wetting can expand significantly.")
cnt(W1419,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1420,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1421,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1422,"A clean sample or sample of matrix processed so as to measure artifacts in the measurement (sampling and analysis) process.")
cnt(W1423,"A clean, coarse-grained mineral texture.")
cnt(W1424,"A clear, flammable liquid with a pungent odor and bitter taste, produced by distillation of pine resin and used for a wide range of products.")
cnt(W1426,"a cleavage (lysis) of a bond with solvent.")
cnt(W1427,"A cliffed shoreline consisting of relatively nonresistant sediments with high silt and clay content.")
cnt(W1428,"A climate (change) scenario refers to a plausible future climate that has been constructed using sound scientific principles and which makes explicit the various assumptions, which underlie the scenario. Climate change scenarios will often rely on results from climate change simulations, but could also be constructed from past climate. Climate change scenarios will usually be based on emission scenarios and will frequently be used as inputs for climate impact studies or integrated assessments. Climate change scenarios are called scenarios instead of predictions because they do not represent attempts to forecast the actual evolution of climate in the future and they cannot be assigned an a priori likelihood.")
cnt(W1430,"A climate characterized by winter rain and summer drought, occurring in Mediterranean biomes.")
cnt(W1431,"A climate prediction or climate forecast is the result of an attempt to produce a most likely description or estimate of the actual evolution of the climate in the future. See also:Climate projection and Climate scenario.")
cnt(W1432,"A climate projection in IPCC usage is a description of the response of the climate system to scenarios of greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, often based upon simulations by climate models. Such simulations are called projections instead of predictions because they are based on particular assumed emission scenarios, which may or may not be realized")
cnt(W1433,"A climatic phenomenon occurring irregularly, but generally every 3 to 5 years. El Ninos often first become evident during the Christmas season (El Nino means Christ child) in the surface oceans of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The phenomenon involves seasonal changes in the direction of the tropical winds over the Pacific and abnormally warm surface ocean temperatures. This oceanic event is associated with a fluctuation of the intertropical surface pressure pattern and circulation in the Indian and Pacific oceans, called the Southern Oscillation. This coupled atmosphere-ocean phenomenon is collectively known as El Nino-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO. During an El Nino event the prevailing trade winds weaken and the equatorial countercurrent strengthens, causing warm surface waters in the Indonesian area to flow eastward to overlie the cold waters of the Peru current. This event has great impact on the wind, sea surface temperature and precipitation patterns in the tropical Pacific. It has climatic effects throughout the Pacific region and in many other parts of the world. The opposite of an El Nino event is called La Nina.")
cnt(W1434,"A climatically-defined class that is associated with regions of plant communities and with a high uniformity in species composition and environmental adaptation. This category is defined by three weighted climatic indexes, namely, mean annual heat, precipitation, and atmospheric moisture.")
cnt(W1435,"A clinopyroxene-bearing peridotite.")
cnt(W1436,"A clinopyroxene-free peridotite.")
cnt(W1437,"A close grown crop, grown primarily to protect the soil and improve the soil.")
cnt(W1438,"A close, prolonged association between two or more organisms of different species. Symbiosis may (though not necessarily) benefit each organism in the relationship.")
cnt(W1439,"A closed air–tight container in which manure (or other organic material) is fermented anaerobically")
cnt(W1440,"A closed atmospheric circulation having a sense of rotation about the local vertical clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, undefined at the Equator. Because anticyclonic circulation and relative high atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms anticyclone and high are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W1441,"A closed atmospheric circulation having a sense of rotation about the local vertical counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Because cyclonic circulation and relative low atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms cyclone and low are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W1442,"A closed conduit a portion of which lies above the hydraulic grade line, resulting in a pressure less than atmospheric and requiring a vacuum within the conduit to start flow.")
cnt(W1443,"A closed conduit flow meter utilizing differential pressure across a flow constriction.")
cnt(W1444,"A closed conduit flowing partly full (i.e., with a free-surface) used for conveying waste water out of an urban complex.")
cnt(W1445,"A closed intensive aquaculture system incorporating biological filters, and other technologies to ameliorate water quality before water is returned to the fish impoundment.")
cnt(W1447,"A closed subset of a Euclidean space whose elements are called controls")
cnt(W1449,"A closed system in which plasma is produced in a gas that is flowed into the system where it can react with materials placed in the system and waste/exhaust products are removed by pumping. Generally, such reactors operate below atmospheric pressure.")
cnt(W1450,"A closed water conveyance structure such as a pipeline or water tunnel.")
cnt(W1452,"a closure plan examines the best means of planning and subsequently managing the environmental changes and socioeconomic effects that occur when mining ceases.")
cnt(W1453,"A cloud characterized by organized fluid motion, usually upward away from the heat source in the central portion and downward at the outer edges. This term is generally interchangeable with cumulus clouds.")
cnt(W1454,"A cloud type that is dense and vertically developed and is associated with rain.")
cnt(W1455,"A clustered spatial point process in which the points are distributed in two stages. In the first stage, the parents are distributed in the region and, in the second stage, the daughters are distributed around their parents.")
cnt(W1456,"A CME directed toward or away from an observer using a coronagraph.")
cnt(W1457,"A coal getting machine provided with a rotating drum with cutting tools and a loading ramp-plate.")
cnt(W1458,"A coalition can improve upon an allocation if the members, by redistributing their initial endowments, can get consumption bundles they prefer.")
cnt(W1459,"A coalition of NGOs and/or individual people, at the minimum sharing information and at the maximum devising a common political strategy. Use of the term implies the relationships are loose and informal.")
cnt(W1460,"A coalition of NGOs operating in different fields, in a more formal structured arrangement than a network.")
cnt(W1461,"A coarse grained material used to separate a well screen from the surrounding formation to improve flow while reducing the amount of fine sediment that can enter the well.")
cnt(W1462,"A coarse-grained clastic rock composed of angular broken rock fragments (>2mm) held together by mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix (e.g., a fault breccia or volcanic breccia).")
cnt(W1464,"A coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, K-feldspar, sodium-rich feldspar and some dark minerals such as mica, amphibole, tourmaline.")
cnt(W1465,"A coarse-grained igneous rock, chemically equivalent to a basalt. See oceanic crust.")
cnt(W1466,"A coarse-grained regional metamorphic rock that shows banding and parallel alignment of minerals.")
cnt(W1467,"A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded clasts larger than 2 millimetres in the narrower diameter, usually included in a matrix of sand, silt, or any of the natural cementing materials")
cnt(W1468,"A coarse-grained, igneous rock, largely consisting of olivine, with or without pyroxene. The mantle is thought to be made of peridotite.")
cnt(W1469,"A coast that coincides with the middle of a tectonic plate. A type of passive margin (e.g. the east coasts of North and South America).")
cnt(W1471,"A coastal embayment that is partially open to the sea but lacks freshwater dilution from rivers and/or land drainage.")
cnt(W1472,"A coating applied to glazing to allow the transmission of selected wavelengths of solar radiation. Typically, visible light is transmitted, while ultraviolet and infrared radiation is reflected.")
cnt(W1473,"A codon that, in the presence of a unique insertion sequence downstream, signals the incorporation of selenium into selenocysteine during selenoprotein synthesis.")
cnt(W1474,"A coefficient (dimensionless) that describes the square of the ratio between the increment of length in any direction in a porous medium domain and the actual length of the path traveled by solute particles along the tortuous microscopic streamlines inside the void space. In an anisotropic porous medium, it is a second rank tensor.")
cnt(W1477,"A coefficient characterizing water filtration resistance in under-bed sedimentation, and depending on the water-bearing rocks filtration properties and thickness. ")
cnt(W1478,"a coefficient defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of a fluid to its density.")
cnt(W1480,"A coefficient of proportionality (K) describing the rate at which water can migrate through a permeable medium.")
cnt(W1483,"A coefficient of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation")
cnt(W1486,"A coefficient that under the assumption of essentially horizontal flow in a confined aquifer describes the ability of the aquifer to transmit water through its entire thickness. It is obtained as a product of the aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and its thickness.")
cnt(W1487,"a co-existence of correct and incorrect linguistic forms in learner interlanguage.")
cnt(W1488,"A coffee from which caffeine has been removed by extraction.")
cnt(W1489,"A cogeneration plant producing the useful heat (a major product) and the electricity (a by-product).")
cnt(W1490,"a cognitive operation in which a standard of comparison and a target which deviated from the standard are related")
cnt(W1491,"a cognitive pattern, a kind of elementary mental picture")
cnt(W1493,"a cognitive tool for the conceptualization of abstract categories")
cnt(W1494,"a coherent filed of conceptualization relative to the characterization of a semantic structure")
cnt(W1495,"A coherent perception of how the world functions and how people act. In this study, we use four of the five perspectives described in the cultural theory: hierarchical, egalitarian, individualist, and fatalist.")
cnt(W1496,"a coherent set of bioindicators, each related to one particular aspect of the environment and jointly maximizing the amount of information.")
cnt(W1497,"A coherent system of metaphors that joins cognition and action. Theory is a semantic complex model of the experience of the world. As such it can be defined as a machine (product/producer).")
cnt(W1498,"A coil of wire that is often wound on magnetic material")
cnt(W1499,"A coil of wire usually wound on a soft iron or steel core. When current is passed through the coil a magnetic field is generated. The core provides an easy path for the magnetic lines of force. This concentrates the field in the core.")
cnt(W1500,"A coking process in which the thermal reactions are allowed to proceed to completion to produce gaseous, liquid, and solid (coke) products.")
cnt(W1503,"A cold period that lasted from about A.D. 1550 to about A.D. 1850 in Europe, North America, and Asia. This period was marked by rapid expansion of mountain glaciers, especially in the Alps, Norway, Ireland, and Alaska. There were three maxima, beginning about 1650, about 1770, and 1850, each sCDIAC-4.3.rated by slight warming intervals. [27, 28]")
cnt(W1504,"A cold rolling operation in which the surface layers of the material are lightly deformed.")
cnt(W1505,"A cold-blooded animal living in water and breathing through gills, with fins and a tail.")
cnt(W1506,"a collaboration-software tool that offers those features for asynchronous collaboration such as discussion databases or bulletin boards as well as those for synchronous (real-time) collaboration such as web conferencing tools")
cnt(W1507,"A collaborative approach to inquiry conducted by, for and with the participation of community members.")
cnt(W1508,"A collection of activities designed to assure the prosperity of an organization through development, growth, and stabilization of corporate revenue.")
cnt(W1509,"a collection of agents, interconnections, and flows where aggregate system behavior is determined from the complex, local interactions of agents")
cnt(W1510,"A collection of calibrated reflectance spectra, together with their associated documentation and metadata. Spectra should be traceable to a recognised national standard to be of value.")
cnt(W1511,"A collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. Compare library, arrayed library.")
cnt(W1512,"A collection of coalitions is balanced if there are positive weights associated with these coalitions such that these weights sum to one per player. An NTU-game is balanced if for each balanced collection the intersection of the corresponding feasible sets is a subset of the feasible set for the grand coalition. A balanced game has a nonempty core. For TU-games, also the converse holds: every game with a nonempty core is balanced.")
cnt(W1513,"A collection of data organized in a particular way.")
cnt(W1515,"A collection of emission sources that are required to meet a single overall emission limit, rather than having separate limits for each source.")
cnt(W1516,"A collection of executive or supervisory programmes that are used for the solution of frequently recurrent problems which can be solved with standard methods and are also used to control and run other methodological programmes.")
cnt(W1518,"A collection of facts, relationships, and propositions about a portion of the Universe.")
cnt(W1520,"a collection of fuzzy points describing a functional relationship - in contrast to a crisp functional relation, which can be described through a graph or an infinite collection of crisp points.")
cnt(W1521,"A collection of generalized linear regression techniques that are used for spatial prediction.")
cnt(W1523,"A collection of internationally adopted food standards.")
cnt(W1526,"A collection of moral rules.")
cnt(W1527,"a collection of neutrons and protons that forms the core of an atom.")
cnt(W1529,"A collection of norms that is associated with a particular position within the group. The norms may be unique to the position, or they may include behaviors that others also perform.")
cnt(W1530,"A collection of objects and operations to be performed on these objects.")
cnt(W1532,"A collection of objects, based on some common attribute of its components, or on some peculiar relationship between them. Notice that there may be more characteristic attributes and multiple characteristic relationships.")
cnt(W1535,"A collection of orderly interconnected devices/components whose goal is that of operating on an input supplied under the form of thermal energy. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W1537,"A collection of parts with changing interactions that form an integrated and consistent whole, isolatable from its surroundings.")
cnt(W1538,"a collection of people who, on the basis of linguistic, cultural or ethnic homogeneity, perceive themselves to share a common identity and thus be members of the same socio-political group")
cnt(W1540,"A collection of processes through which chemical elements of living systems circulate in the biosphere.")
cnt(W1541,"A collection of production units with common characteristics.")
cnt(W1542,"A collection of production units with common characteristics.")
cnt(W1543,"A collection of programs that enables the user to enter, organize, and select data in a database.")
cnt(W1544,"A collection of random variables indexed by time.")
cnt(W1545,"A collection of securities.")
cnt(W1546,"A collection of semantic network nodes and links. A frame is an object denoted by its name, endowed with some slots, each slot having more facets: slots and facets may store values, attributes, or relations.")
cnt(W1548,"A collection of social institutions that regulate the exchange of goods and services, usually with money as a medium of exchange.")
cnt(W1549,"A collection of structures over the same vocabulary such that if a structure is in the collection, then so are all structures isomorphic to it.")
cnt(W1550,"A collection of technologies and an international ""network of networks,"" each invented and developed by engineers for their own work and to serve specific purposes. It is composed of a number of different ways of organizing, transmitting, and accessing data.")
cnt(W1551,"a collection of variables, called “state variables”, whose values characterize the position (the “state”) of a system at a given time, together with a set of rules governing their evolution in time. The space where those variables evolve in time is called “state space”")
cnt(W1552,"a collection of very small particles suspended in the air")
cnt(W1554,"A collective description that includes the subject of chemistry, the practitioners of chemistry, and the chemical industry.")
cnt(W1555,"A collective name for land-use systems and practices in which woody perennials (trees, shrubs, etc.) are grown in association with herbaceous plants (crops, pastures) and/or livestock in a spatial arrangement, a rotation, or both, and in which there are both ecological and economic interactions between the tree and non-tree components of the system.")
cnt(W1558,"A collective term for all efforts to construct a rational and consistent set of statements guiding human practices that are more considerate of non-human life.")
cnt(W1561,"A collective term for oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and tar.")
cnt(W1562,"A collective term for states and, in some instances, other international actors, such as international organizations.")
cnt(W1564,"A collective term for the processes operating in an ecosystem. ")
cnt(W1565,"A collective term for the structures formed in the earliest stages of a developing echinoderm larva. The rudiment becomes more strongly expressed as the hydrocoel interacts with the left somatocoel to develop a miniature version of the adult body form on the left side of the larva.")
cnt(W1566,"A collective term that includes a wide range of interventions aimed at reducing the population density of invasive species. It is characterized by the use of biotic agents that are the natural enemies of the invader.")
cnt(W1567,"A collective term used to describe all peat-forming ecosystems. Other terms that are commonly used are: swamp, marsh, bog, or wetland.")
cnt(W1568,"A collective term used to signify presence of beds, or layers, in sedimentary rocks and deposits.")
cnt(W1569,"A collective-action problem in which the actions of rational individuals lead to the depletion of living resources or the pollution of ecosystems.")
cnt(W1571,"A collectivity of individuals or human groups that share one or more signifying orders.")
cnt(W1573,"A colloidal system in which the dispersed phase is composed of either solid or liquid particles, and in which the dispersion medium is some gas, usually air. Haze, most smokes, and some fogs, dusty and water-vapor clouds are regarded to the aerosols in the atmosphere.")
cnt(W1574,"A color image where parts of the nonvisible EM spectrum are expressed as one or more of the red, green, and blue components, so that the colors produced by Earth's surface do not correspond to normal visual experience (false-color composite). The most commonly seen false-color images display the very-near infrared as red, red as green, and green as blue.")
cnt(W1575,"A color image, prepared by combining three individual images in blue, green, and red.")
cnt(W1576,"a colorless, practically odorless and tasteless gas, responsible for numerous fatalities, following its emanation from stoves or other combustors as a product of incomplete combustion.")
cnt(W1577,"A column of hot magma that originates deep within the Earths mantle and rises to the surface.")
cnt(W1578,"A column of mineral left to support the overlying strata or hanging wall in an underground mine.")
cnt(W1579,"A column of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete that is driven into the ground, or of reinforced concrete formed within the ground, that is used as the foundation for a structure.")
cnt(W1581,"A column-type of reactor with no mechanical agitation in which liquid circulation is obtained by bubbling air or gas through the bottom of an internal draft tube.")
cnt(W1582,"A combination (by addition) of various stocks of discipline or profession-based knowledge, concepts, methods, and tools, oriented towards a theme or problem.")
cnt(W1583,"a combination fuel with 20% methanol and 80% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1584,"a combination fuel with 5% methanol and 95% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1585,"a combination fuel with 50% methanol and 50% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1586,"a combination fuel with 85% methanol and 15% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1587,"A combination of a price vector and each player’s commodity bundle satisfying the following properties: (1) players maximize their utility under their budget constraints, (2) for each commodity, total demand and total supply are equal.")
cnt(W1588,"A combination of a slip plane and a slip direction.")
cnt(W1589,"a combination of a vehicle, guideway or facility, and an operations plan, that together define the characteristics of the travel conveyance.")
cnt(W1590,"A combination of DNA molecules of different origin that are joined using recombinant DNA technologies.")
cnt(W1591,"A combination of electronics with information processing based on light signals: for example, the use of optical fibers to carry signals in long-distance telecommunications.")
cnt(W1592,"A combination of evaporation from the ground (""The thirst of the atmosphere"") and transpiration through the leaves of plants. The former can be minimized by agricultural technique (e.g. drip irrigation). The latter is both a largely unavoidable loss of water, and a productive loss, since it is associated with plant production.")
cnt(W1593,"a combination of methodological approaches providing estimation of evaporation from land surface on the basis of data on radiation balance and soil moisture content.")
cnt(W1594,"A combination of perennial trees with annual food crops and/or animal keeping. There are many variants depending on local nutritive needs, available manpower and erosion risk of the land.")
cnt(W1595,"a combination of rough items producing a micro-relief of the surface. Numerically, it is expressed as a roughness coefficient characterizing the surface resistance to the air flux.")
cnt(W1596,"A combination of several chemical equations at about 100 K results in water splitting without consuming the chemical substances.")
cnt(W1597,"A combination of special and general constraints of CIOMTOF and its dual model.")
cnt(W1598,"A combination of transport policy actions to reduce traffic in an area.")
cnt(W1599,"A combination of transport policy actions to reducing travel demand.")
cnt(W1600,"A combination of water derived from direct rainfall into the stream, surface flow and subsurface flow. Contributes to the flood response of the stream.")
cnt(W1601,"A combined power cycle employing a gasifier to produce fuel gas for a gas turbine, with turbine waste heat used to generate steam for a steam turbine. Both the gas and steam turbines are connected to generators to produce electricity.")
cnt(W1603,"A combustible material derived from bituminous coal that has the ability to swell (agglomerate) when heated. Coke is gray, hard, and porous and can be used as a fuel. However, it most commonly is used in the steel industry for the reduction of iron ore to wrought iron in blast furnaces.")
cnt(W1604,"A combustible rock that contains more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material, including inherent moisture. Coal forms from compaction of altered plant remains that originally formed peat. Differences in the kinds of plant materials (type), in degree of metamorphism (rank), and the range of impurity (grade), are characteristics of coal and are used in classification.")
cnt(W1605,"A combustion energy source, in which energy is stored in the chemical bonds of carbon. Carbon dioxide and water are released as the ideal products of combustion, with other (pollutant) products released, commonly as product of incomplete combustion, or of side reactions (e.g.nitrogen reacting with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, in the presence of the heat released.)")
cnt(W1606,"a combustion or oxidation reaction, possibly uncontrolled, triggered by self-accelerating effects, e.g. liberation of heat in excess of what can be dissipated to the surroundings (thermal explosion). Another explanation is in the occurrence of chain-branching reactions that steadily multiply the number of reactive free radicals and hence the rate of reaction (chemical explosion).")
cnt(W1607,"A combustion technology in which the fuel to be burned is suspended within a fluidized mixture of granular particles. The mixture is fluidized by an upward flow of air.")
cnt(W1608,"a comedy by Aristophanes staged in 411BC")
cnt(W1609,"A commercial equipment for pyrolysis of oil shale or coal for obtaining shale oil or coal tar; different types of retorts have been developed, some retorts are equipped with combustion zone for burning the retorted shale for supplying thermal energy for retorting.")
cnt(W1610,"A commercial process for pyrolysis of oil shale or coal with the temperature about 500 °C in absence of air or oxygen, for producing shale oil or coal tar.")
cnt(W1611,"A commercial slow Se release product from New Zealand.")
cnt(W1612,"A commercially available semi-permeable bung for a culture vessel.")
cnt(W1613,"A commitment among contracting parties in GATT to allow imports either at 3 percent of consumption in a base period (minimum access volume) or at current levels when it is higher than the former.")
cnt(W1614,"A committee of the FAO/WHO responsible for making proposals on all matters pertaining to the implementation of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Program.")
cnt(W1615,"A commodity (normally money) the units of which can be used to express prices wages etc.")
cnt(W1616,"A commodity for which consumption is nonrivalrous.")
cnt(W1620,"A common acronym referring to the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, and xylene.")
cnt(W1621,"A common cavity for the release of waste products.")
cnt(W1622,"a common economic base obtained by money flow modeling or economic optimization modeling.")
cnt(W1623,"A common inflammatory condition of the udder of cows. In clinical mastitis, blood is present, or the milk is watery or discolored, and such ""milk"" should obviously not be mixed with other milk and is always rejected by the buyer.")
cnt(W1624,"a common law system used in the western U.S. that allocates water resources according to the priority of beneficial diversion and use, prevents junior appropriators from impairing the use of senior appropriators in either quality or quantity, and prevents even senior users from unreasonably polluting waters.")
cnt(W1625,"A common low-relief feature of the ocean floor, usually formed seaward of abyssal plains and in basins isolated by ridges, rises, or trenches.")
cnt(W1626,"a common measure of average income in a nation, calculated by dividing the total value of goods and services produced in a nation by the total population size.")
cnt(W1627,"A common method for controlling land use, whereby defined land areas are restricted to compatible uses.")
cnt(W1628,"A common model for estimating the transmission probability that is based on the assumption that exposure to infection occurs in discrete contacts and that each contact is independent of another.")
cnt(W1629,"a common name for any large member the Order Laminariales, the ‘brown algae’.")
cnt(W1630,"A common name of basaltic rocks forming large covers on platforms often in the form of steps.")
cnt(W1632,"a common name of red pigments of meat and blood")
cnt(W1633,"a common name of starch-degrading enzymes")
cnt(W1634,"A common pathway or a set of wires to connect various subsystems in a computer system")
cnt(W1635,"A common prefix used with SI units to denote one millionth of a unit.")
cnt(W1636,"A common prefix used with SI units to denote one thousandth of a unit.")
cnt(W1637,"A common problem with most insurance policies whereby insured persons indulge in risky behaviors simply because they are not liable for the consequences of their behaviors.")
cnt(W1638,"A common soil bacterium noted for its branching, fungus-like growth habit and its ability to produce spores externally on certain cells.")
cnt(W1639,"A common surfactant used in consumer products.")
cnt(W1640,"a common term for general wastes collected in a city.")
cnt(W1642,"A common terminology to describe either or both processes of stabilization/solidification.")
cnt(W1644,"A common workhorse for industry. There are normally three phase-windings in industrial-type induction motors. When balanced three-phase voltages are fed into the appropriate windings, a rotating magnetic field is set up. The rotor is then dragged along to rotate in the same direction as that of the rotating field.")
cnt(W1645,"A commonly curved belt of volcanic islands (with orogenic volcanism) overlying a subduction zone.")
cnt(W1646,"A commonly used measure of mass in Islamic societies, roughly equivalent to about 37 kilograms.")
cnt(W1647,"A commonly used percussion rock drill that strikes the upper end of a drilling rod (cf. DTH).")
cnt(W1648,"A commonly used way of supplying grazing animals with minerals")
cnt(W1649,"A commonly used word derived from the acronym for radio detection and ranging. A system that transmits short pulses of microwave radiation and then receives and measures the return of that radiation from a target in terms of time taken for the radiation to return and its intensity.")
cnt(W1650,"A communication network of networks, composed of thousands of local and regional computer networks around the world.")
cnt(W1651,"A communication system, which allows reliable, secret information exchange between unknown people")
cnt(W1655,"a community of interacting plants, animals and micro-organisms under the effects of environmental abiotic and biotic factors and processes. The factors are both natural and anthropogenic.")
cnt(W1656,"A community of interest advocating reform in the design and production of houses to include health considerations. This encompasses broadly defined interests in aesthetically and spiritually uplifting environments, and alternative cultural traditions such as feng shui, as well as the specific concerns of the MCS community.")
cnt(W1657,"A community of Jain laymen engaged in trade who lived in Singhbhum before the Ho migrated into the area.")
cnt(W1660,"a community of organisms connected through several interrelated food chains.")
cnt(W1661,"A community of organisms ensuring the evolution of biological species in the environment.")
cnt(W1662,"A community or network of interacting companies and other organizations that exchange and employ by-products and/or energy in a way that gives one or more advantages over more traditional unlinked operations, together with an increase in the overall efficiency of the production cycle.")
cnt(W1664,"A community or patch of trees sufficiently uniform in species composition, constitution, age, spatial arrangement, or condition so as to be distinguishable from adjacent communities and to form a silvicultural or management entity.")
cnt(W1665,"A community that can return to its original state after a disturbance or resist such disturbance. Stability includes the property of resilience (the time taken to return to its former state after it has been displaced from that state by a perturbation) and resistance (the ability to avoid displacement in the first place).")
cnt(W1666,"A community that is a concentration of migrants.")
cnt(W1667,"A community that strives toward sustainable pathways for evolutionary development in synergistic interaction with its milieu, through individual and collective processes of empowerment and evolutionary learning. ELCs do not adapt their environment to their needs, nor do they simply adapt to their environment. Rather, they adapt with their environment in a dynamic of mutually sustaining evolutionary co-creation.")
cnt(W1668,"A community’s attitudes towards the quality, style, and vigor of its political process and government operations.")
cnt(W1669,"A community’s primary center of commerce, with a cohesive core of traditional commercial buildings.")
cnt(W1670,"A community-wide water allocation system based on fixed-time releases, and open to immediate elite control through the sale of water.")
cnt(W1671,"A community-wide water allocation system emphasizing a quantity of water proportional to the amount of land under cultivation.")
cnt(W1672,"A compact graphical representation of a decision problem consisting of a directed acyclic graph that only displays chance and decision variables and utility function nodes.")
cnt(W1673,"A compact manufactured to the final density and dimensions without the need for machining.")
cnt(W1675,"A compact, dense material which is formed under action of deformation, refreezing, and recrystallization of snow.")
cnt(W1677,"A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash and dust.")
cnt(W1678,"A compaction of the soil surface which results from soil structure deterioration due to the impact of raindrops or the wetting of soil clods at irrigation, followed by a rapid drying of the surface layer")
cnt(W1679,"A company that performs value-added activities, such as manufacturing, research and development, marketing, and servicing, in more than one country.")
cnt(W1680,"A company that provides telecommunications links between two or more individuals, permitting them to exchange voice, pictures, or information on non-discriminatory rates, terms, and conditions to anyone who requests the use of the service.")
cnt(W1681,"A company that transmits information, news, and entertainment for reception on a radio or television.")
cnt(W1682,"A company's systematic job evaluation process, by which it determines a score for each job that is convertible to a monetary value. The basic approach of this process consists of analyzing and describing a given position, independently of the people who fill it. It tends to result in a system not as valid as it is coherent for considering jobs relative to aims that are not exclusively monetary.")
cnt(W1683,"A comparatively narrow, but long, crustal-scale fault zone dominated by strike-slip movement of the adjacent, less deformed blocks.")
cnt(W1684,"A comparison between two features based on identity. Note that a homology requires that the features share structure and function.")
cnt(W1685,"A comparison between two features based upon similarity. Note that an analogy requires that the feature have a similar function.")
cnt(W1686,"a comparison of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the amount of species change between the ecosystems.")
cnt(W1687,"A comparison of the present value of the costs and benefits of an investment.")
cnt(W1688,"A complementary view to environmental possibilism where it is considered that, for a given society, one possibility among others is most likely or probable.")
cnt(W1689,"a complete description of the environment as it exists in an area where a particular proposed action is begin considered, followed by an attempt to evaluate the consequences of the proposed action on the biosphere.")
cnt(W1690,"A complete orogenic cycle from continental rifting through to continental collision, named after one of the visionaries of plate tectonics, J. Tuzo Wilson.")
cnt(W1692,"A complete renewal of the shell in crustaceans.")
cnt(W1693,"A completely identified series of mechanical, chemical and thermal transformations that modify the thermodynamic state of some well-specified form and quantity of matter, possibly releasing or absorbing some energy flux in the course of the transformation. A combined-cycle power plant constitutes, in the sense described here, a process; but it may also be regarded as a system. Any organized human structure (an industrial complex, a city, a highway, an information network) constitutes an (engineering) system, but it cannot be regarded as a process.")
cnt(W1694,"A complex attribute of land related to its behavior in time, e.g. moisture supply over a growing season.")
cnt(W1699,"A complex contested term, usually referring to all people, their activities and their relationships that are not part of the process of government. It may also be used to cover all processes other than government and economic activity.")
cnt(W1700,"a complex economic, political, and social process characterized especially by the emergence of a global division of labor and the rise of transnational organizations")
cnt(W1701,"A complex front forming through closing up of cold and warm fronts during the occlusion of a cyclone.")
cnt(W1702,"A complex group of sensations compromising olfactory, taste and other chemical sensations, such as irritation or chemical heat.")
cnt(W1703,"A complex involving ambiguity, awareness, a focal point, and language available to human beings only.")
cnt(W1705,"A complex material, such as wood or fiberglass, in which two or more distinct, structurally complimentary substances, especially metals, ceramics, and glasses, and polymers combine to produce structural or functional properties not present in any individual component.")
cnt(W1706,"A complex mixture of high molecular weight organic compounds precipitated from oils by natural processes or in the laboratory by addition of n-pentane or similar hydrocarbon solvent.")
cnt(W1707,"A complex mixture of organic acids produced mostly by the decomposition of plant material, especially lignin. Humic acid is dark brown and is a major constituent of humus. Humic acid is soluble in water only at pH values greater than 2.")
cnt(W1708,"A complex mixture of organic compounds called terpines, harvested from the boles and stems of some trees. Resins are typically thick, viscous liquids in trees but become solids or semi-solids after exposure to air. They are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents.")
cnt(W1709,"A complex molecule formed by the chemical linkage of a large number of individual units (monomer).")
cnt(W1712,"a complex of actions for improvement of conditions of the natural environment with the help of cultivation and maintenance of natural vegetative communities")
cnt(W1713,"A complex of economic conditions, social conditions and attitudes (culture, traditions, etc.) as well as conditions of nature, constituting specific features of human behavior (including social, psychological and physiological activities) and its reciprocal influence on all these conditions.")
cnt(W1714,"a complex of events, the consequences of which lead to creating dangerous situations that threaten the lives, health and property of people, normal functioning of life support systems, and maintenance of ecological balance.")
cnt(W1715,"a complex of international standards in environmental management.")
cnt(W1716,"a complex of international standards in product quality management.")
cnt(W1717,"A complex of measures aimed at protection of natural resources and land, and at optimization of use of fertilizers and protective technologies in agriculture, and minimizing the adverse effects of agriculture on soil, water, wildlife, and humanity.")
cnt(W1718,"A complex of Mesoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks extending from northeast Labrador through southern Ontario into the Adirondack Mountains of New York with additional fragments in the southeastern United States, the Llano uplift in Texas and outcrops in west Texas and Mexico.")
cnt(W1719,"A complex of nature preserving upbringing, enlightenment, training, the influence of mass media in creating an environmental way of thinking, understanding the correlation between people and nature as well as the importance of natural systems in social, economic, and cultural development and well-being of each person. It serves as a basis for the rational employment of nature.")
cnt(W1720,"A complex of protein(s) and RNA(s).")
cnt(W1723,"A complex of representations joined together by the affective tone of somatic sensations. The ego is, at the same time, a content and a condition of consciousness; it possesses a high degree of identity and continuity.")
cnt(W1724,"A complex of small meteoroids following the same general orbit as the comet (or, perhaps, asteroid) that spawned them.")
cnt(W1725,"A complex of socially produced and reproduced rules that provides a systematic basis for actors to orient to one another and to organize, understand, and account for their actions or interactions.")
cnt(W1726,"A complex of various actions of the human society, resulting in an increased level of harmful substances and appearance of new compounds in the marine environment as well as in the excessive increase of temperature, noise, radiation, etc.")
cnt(W1728,"A complex polysaccharide carbohydrate. The form of food most commonly stored by plants.")
cnt(W1730,"a complex polysaccharide, a component of the cell walls of brown algae.")
cnt(W1731,"A complex process of meaning making, inseparable from culture, which is sustained and challenged by global and local economic, political and ideological structures and processes.")
cnt(W1732,"A complex process that encompasses every structural, magmatic, and metamorphic processes produced when two converging plates containing continental crust are compressed, and ultimately welded together, into a single continental block.")
cnt(W1733,"A complex process that encompasses structural, magmatic, and metamorphic processes involved in the formation of a high topography region. Modern usage tends to limit the concept to one convergent mountain building episode.")
cnt(W1734,"a complex process, in which the world as it is in reality is changed into a world for human beings")
cnt(W1735,"A complex range of sense and reference, resting upon the texture of relations between broader human development and a particular way of life in a social and educational, or artistic sense.")
cnt(W1736,"A complex sequence of events that result in the production of a variety of products from petroleum.")
cnt(W1739,"a complex system considered from the point of view of the whole rather than of any single part; the system or complex of beliefs held by members of a social group; the relationship between the constituent groups of a society or culture that support a particular cultural or world view,")
cnt(W1742,"A complex system that is an agent in a system at a higher level of aggregation. In human systems metaagents themselves have internal models.")
cnt(W1743,"A complex web of factors such as land use, water and air quality, housing conditions, transportation networks, open and green spaces, waste removal, and industrial production that condition the quality of life in cities.")
cnt(W1744,"a complex, nonlinear, interactive system which has the ability to adapt to a changing environment.")
cnt(W1745,"A complexing group in coordination with a metal anion or cation.")
cnt(W1746,"A complexity measure defined based on machine’s runnig time.")
cnt(W1747,"A complexity measure defined based on machine’s working memory space used for its computation.")
cnt(W1748,"A complicated operation involving a number of different operations, including the selection of an acceptable fruiting culture of the mushroom species, preparation of spawn and compost/substrate, inoculation of the compost, crop care, harvesting, preservation of the harvested mushrooms, and marketing.")
cnt(W1749,"a component added to combined cycle electricity facilities for recovering waste heat to fuel steam turbines for extra electrical production")
cnt(W1750,"a component added to increase system efficiency by using otherwise wasted heat to further dry incoming biomass feedstocks or to preheat air injected into combustion chamber")
cnt(W1751,"A component of a KBS; this part carries out reasoning with the stored knowledge")
cnt(W1752,"A component of a KBS; this part is where the program's user supplies information and sees the results of reasoning")
cnt(W1753,"A component of a KBS; this part stores the knowledge")
cnt(W1754,"A component of an IMPS designed to assist model formulation.")
cnt(W1755,"a component of protein synthesis machinery composed of RNAs and proteins; it provides structural support for mRNA.")
cnt(W1756,"A component of quality, which reflects the amino acid content in relation to nutritional requirements.")
cnt(W1757,"A component of quality, which reflects the efficiency of digestion of the protein")
cnt(W1758,"A component of SPE electrolysis. The electrodes are directly formed on the membrane by chemical plating or hot press to make the composite.")
cnt(W1759,"A component of starch consisting of a chain polymer of linked D-glucopyranosyl structures. Thermoplastic starch polymers consist largely of amylose.")
cnt(W1760,"A component of the error of measurement that, in the course of a number of measurements of the same measurand, remains constant or varies in a predictable way.")
cnt(W1761,"A component of the error of measurement that, in the course of a number of measurements of the same measurand, varies in an unpredictable way.")
cnt(W1762,"A component of the wave power device that interacts with the wave.")
cnt(W1763,"A component of the weather forecasting system whose purpose is to convert row observations into reliable and coordinated sets of meteorological variables necessary to initialize hydrodynamic forecast models.")
cnt(W1764,"A component within a landscape that differs in appearance or structure from its surroundings, the matrix of the landscape.")
cnt(W1765,"a composite consisting of a carbon matrix reinforced with carbon fibers.")
cnt(W1766,"A composite index reflecting longevity, educational attainment, and standard of living")
cnt(W1767,"A composite index reflecting the relative economic and political participation of women")
cnt(W1769,"a composite measure of transit system operating characteristics, mostly quantitative, such as service frequency, speed, reliability, safety, capacity and productivity.")
cnt(W1770,"a composite particle consisting of two to millions of fine sediment grains, resulting from aggregation.")
cnt(W1771,"A composite rock composed of igneous or igneous-looking and metamorphic materials, which are generally distinguishable macroscopically.")
cnt(W1773,"A composite signal consisting of a group of subcarriers arranged so that their frequencies do not overlap or interfere with each other.")
cnt(W1774,"A composite volcano that emits both molten and solid material and builds up a distinctive cone.")
cnt(W1775,"A composition range between the lean and rich concentrations of a fuel in a flammable mixture in which a detonation can occur.")
cnt(W1779,"A composition range between the lean and rich concentrations of a fuel in a flammable mixture in which propagation of flames is sustainable.")
cnt(W1783,"A compositional endmember in the mantle that is the inferred source of MORBs, and is depleted relative to BSE because of crust extraction.")
cnt(W1785,"A compound added to a sample in known concentration to facilitate the quantitative determination of the sample components.")
cnt(W1786,"a compound bone equivalent to the fused bones of the second to fourth digit in the bird wing, to which the bases of the primary flight feathers are anchored.")
cnt(W1787,"A compound capable of giving up a part (as an atom, radical, or elementary particle) for combination with an acceptor; an impurity that is added to a semiconductor to increase the number of mobile electrons.")
cnt(W1788,"a compound causing fouling.")
cnt(W1789,"a compound containing more than one carbon atom and hydrogen atom.")
cnt(W1790,"A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon with one or more double bonds, but not aromatic. Alkenes do not normally occur in crude oils, but are common in pyrolysis products.")
cnt(W1791,"A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, but having no double bonds. It may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic.")
cnt(W1792,"A compound containing two atoms of hydrogen.")
cnt(W1793,"A compound foreign to biological systems that usually refers to human-made compounds often resistant against biodegradation.")
cnt(W1794,"A compound formed by the donation of electron pairs from the donor (a Lewis base) to an acceptor (a Lewis acid); the latter being more frequently a metal with empty valence orbitals. This concept was introduced by N.V. Sidgwick in 1927.")
cnt(W1796,"a compound made up of a 1:1 d, l mixture.")
cnt(W1798,"A compound nucleus is a nucleus formed by target and projectile with an excitation energy statistically distributed over many degrees of freedom or narrow lying states.")
cnt(W1799,"a compound of carbon and a halogen, sometimes with hydrogen.")
cnt(W1800,"A compound of environmental concern is degraded and diluted naturally to such a degree that human intervention is not needed to protect human health and the environment.")
cnt(W1801,"a compound of more than one chlorine atom with an element or radical.")
cnt(W1802,"A compound present in a standard sample of known concentration and volume that is analyzed separately from the unknown sample under identical conditions.")
cnt(W1805,"A compound that acts with an enzyme to carry out biochemical transformations.")
cnt(W1806,"A compound that binds ions, especially metal ions, with high affinity.")
cnt(W1807,"A compound that can cause selective degeneration of the pancreatic ß-cells of the Langerhans islet in the experimental animals, resulting in diabetes with insulin deficiency. The alloxan concentrations that damage the pancreatic ß cells do not affect the a-2 cells and their ability to excrete glucagon. Apart from its toxic effect on the pancreas, alloxan causes cataract and is a teratogenic agent.")
cnt(W1808,"a compound that can serve as an energy carrier when it is phosphorylated to form ATP")
cnt(W1812,"a compound that inactivate a catalyst, such as an enzyme, therefore lowering the reaction rate.")
cnt(W1813,"A compound that is used by a cell to obtain its metabolic energy. In the case of autotrophic organisms the energy and carbon sources are different compounds.")
cnt(W1815,"a compound that prevents or reduces feeding by an organism but does not necessarily kill it.")
cnt(W1817,"A compound valley glacier consisting of many tributary glaciers of different orders with independent accumulation areas flowing into the trunk glacier.")
cnt(W1818,"a compound where element retains its migration capacity. An element can migrate as a dredge, a colloid, or in a solution as an ion or a complex compound.")
cnt(W1819,"a compound which as such does not exert vitamin activity but may be converted to vitamin in the organism by chemical modification")
cnt(W1821,"A compound which consists of more than two metallic elements.")
cnt(W1822,"A compound which is indispensable and helps metabolize a certain target compound, for example, a non-growth substrate. It is a partner in a two-substrate reaction.")
cnt(W1823,"A compound, often a hormone or its analogue, that binds to a receptor and elicits a response.")
cnt(W1824,"A compound, often an analogue of a hormone, that binds to a receptor but elicits no response.")
cnt(W1825,"A comprehensive accounting of the sources, pathways, and sinks of sediment in a drainage basin.")
cnt(W1827,"A comprehensive model of an economic system where all variables may change as the model adjusts to a new equilibrium level in response to some given change.")
cnt(W1828,"A comprehensive pattern representing past history and inferred future associated with a dysfunctional condition.")
cnt(W1835,"A comprehensive system of learning that contributes to uninterrupted spiritual growth and increase of knowledge in different areas of science and culture for each individual from very childhood throughout life.")
cnt(W1836,"A comprehensive, structured approach to identifying failure scenarios, constituting a conceptual and mathematical tool for deriving numerical estimates of risk.")
cnt(W1837,"a compressed body is flattened laterally.")
cnt(W1838,"A compression (coding) algorithm that modifies its operations and/or its parameters according to the new data read from the input stream.")
cnt(W1839,"a compression ignition engine employing ceramic materials in a manner designed to reduce heat losses and thereby improve efficiency.")
cnt(W1840,"a compromise between two evolutionary traits:if one increase, the other must decrease at the same time.")
cnt(W1841,"A compulsory program that functions in coordination with other features of development to dismember peoples from the social and environmental relationships provided by their more traditional, linguistically-distinct culture in order to integrate them into the alien patterns of an expanding western, market-dominated culture.")
cnt(W1842,"A computation device made of AND, OR, or NOT gates connected by wires.  A family of circuits is used as a model for parallel computation.")
cnt(W1843,"A computation device that is used as an abstract model of computers.")
cnt(W1844,"A computational analogue of brain neurones and synapses. It is a network in which each node performs some operation on its inputs and outputs the result to other nodes. The network learns by changing weights of connections in response to cases presented to it.")
cnt(W1845,"A computational process that mimics some aspect of species evolution.")
cnt(W1846,"A computational software that deterministically computes the instantaneous state of a system on the basis of the local properties of the working media and of the operating conditions of its components.")
cnt(W1848,"A computational structure that contains data, data structures, and related procedures. This means that an object can operate on itself, because it contains both the data and the operational information about how to process them.")
cnt(W1850,"a computationally intractable problems with yes/no answers.")
cnt(W1851,"a computer algorithm for pattern recognition based on S.")
cnt(W1852,"A computer and associated software that provide an electronic message database so that computer users can log in and leave messages. Messages are usually categorized into topic groups similar to the newsgroups on Usenet. Any user may submit or read any message in these public areas.")
cnt(W1853,"A computer based system for creating, storing, analyzing, managing and displaying spatial data, and associated attributes.")
cnt(W1854,"a computer capable of delivering performance for array (i.e., vector) operations many orders of magnitude larger than that of any conventional computer. It contains specialized parallel units for vector operations.")
cnt(W1855,"a computer capable of delivering performance many orders of magnitude larger than that of any single-processor computer. This term is currently associated with massively-parallel computers and vector supercomputers.")
cnt(W1856,"a computer executable model of some aspects of reality that can be used to study a phenomenon or learn about it")
cnt(W1857,"A computer language, based upon C, that incorporates modern computer language ideas.")
cnt(W1859,"A computer or device on a network that manages network resources.")
cnt(W1860,"A computer or software application that handles the connection between two or more networks. Routers examine the destination addresses of the information packets passing through them and decide on which route to send them.")
cnt(W1861,"A computer program that charts what users view on the World Wide Web, and how they move through particular web sites.")
cnt(W1862,"A computer program that executes logically sequence-able and network-able operations that can decide which performance to call forth from a real machine")
cnt(W1863,"A computer program that realized algorithms of mathematical model of a studied object.")
cnt(W1864,"a computer program that reasons with Knowledge")
cnt(W1865,"A computer program which utilizes data on river flows, reservoir contents, and demands to develop the necessary required by the dam operator.")
cnt(W1866,"A computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating and displaying geographically referenced information. In agriculture GIS can be used in a variety of ways including calculating acreage planted, monitoring yields, inventory and mapping of soils, post disaster damage detection and assessment (e.g., from flooding or fire), soil moisture levels for irrigation management, plant moisture content, estimating precipitation and biomass, identification of crop type and detecting vegetation stress and damage, among a host of other uses.")
cnt(W1869,"A computer system composed of a microprocessor, memory, peripheral devices and controlling system software.")
cnt(W1870,"a computer system containing from a few to thousands of microprocessors.")
cnt(W1871,"A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying spatial as well as attribute data.")
cnt(W1872,"A computer system for the input, editing, storage, maintenance, management, retrieval, analysis, synthesis, and output of geospatial information. In implementation, GIS refers not only to the computer system, but also includes the data, the people who use the system, and the procedures that apply to the system.")
cnt(W1873,"A computer system that handles large volumes of complex data involved in performing semi-structured tasks, supports managerial decision making, and in doing so improves managerial effectiveness.")
cnt(W1877,"A computer that is implemented on a single integrated circuit.")
cnt(W1878,"a computer virus that creates different code to perform the same functions. This makes identifying the virus by scanning for sequences of instructions difficult.")
cnt(W1879,"a computer virus that intercepts calls to load files, and sanitizes infected files being loaded for reading.")
cnt(W1880,"A computer whose processor has a large number of instructions some of which involving complex operations and addressing modes. Arithmetic operations can be done directly on memory operands (c.f. RISC).")
cnt(W1881,"A computer whose processor has a limited number of instructions and addressing modes, in order to obtain a simpler but faster design. Access to memory is limited to load and store operations only; arithmetic must be done between register operands.")
cnt(W1885,"A computer-based modeling method in which individual ""agents"" simulating human or animal actors, with defined and varying behavioral rules, are placed on a landscape of interaction. These models attempt to explore complexity by examining what emerges from the interactions of the agents on the landscape.")
cnt(W1886,"A computer-based numerical tool that simulates the major characteristics of the climate system. It often involves numerically solving a set of physical equations that govern the climate system or a set of statistical relations that best describe the long-term behaviors of the climate system.")
cnt(W1887,"A computer-based program that assists with decision making.")
cnt(W1888,"A computer-based system of hardware, software, and procedures to facilitate the management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation, and display of geographic data.")
cnt(W1890,"A computer-generated system of classification, in which entities are grouped into classes or types on the basis of the number of attributes they share, without consideration for what the attributes are.")
cnt(W1891,"A computerised geo-referenced database system in the form of a dynamic cartographic representation of landforms, land use, river networks, water resources systems and other processes These can include geo-environmental data (geology, geomorphology, hydrography, land use/cover etc.) and social data ( population density, distribution, transportation facilities, water works, etc.) based on ground surveys, aerial photography, and possibly high resolution optical satellite imagery.")
cnt(W1892,"A computerized collection of analysis tools that allow analysts to examine and evaluate alternative management proposals. Major components of a DSS usually include a information system, a collection of optimization and/or simulation models, and the analyst.")
cnt(W1894,"A computing law attributed to Andrew Moore, one of the founders of the United States’ computer chip manufacturer Intel. Moore predicted that the computing power of the microchip doubles every eighteen months.")
cnt(W1895,"A concave upward fault")
cnt(W1896,"A concentrate of additive in a polymer-based carrier resin. A master batch is generally added to a polymer in order to introduce various additives at a known level.")
cnt(W1897,"A concentrated area of development within which there is a deliberate strategy to plan and promote technologically innovative, industrially related production. A synonym is ""science city.""")
cnt(W1898,"A concentrated, dense settlement of people in a core city together with the city’s suburban population who are economically and socially interdependent.")
cnt(W1900,"A concentration of acoustic energy in speech within a particular frequency band, recognizable as a horizontal black band in the spectrum of a vowel.")
cnt(W1901,"A concentration unit, one part per million by volume.")
cnt(W1902,"A concept acknowledging the increasing pace of knowledge renewal and need to acquire additional skills, thus rendering one's professional life a continuous process of formal education, continuing education and training (CET) with continuing professional development (CPD).")
cnt(W1903,"A concept also referred to as Contagion Effect or Imitation Effect -- the supposed power of the media to create an ""epidemic"" of behaviour based on that witnesses in the media. The idea is by no means new; the eighteenth-century novel Die Leiden des jungen Werther (The Sorrows of Young Werther) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, was accused of having led to a wave of suicides amongst the young. More recently, the media have been blamed for the 1981 riots which hit British cities; later in the eighties, for a spate of prison rioting; in the early nineties, police in Wales asked the media not to report details of suicides involving carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust fumes because they believed that suicides were imitating the suicides in press reports; in 1999, doctors researching the effect of medical soaps reported that after a 1996 episode of Casualty portraying with a paracetamol overdose actual cases rose by 20% and doubled amongst people who had seen the episode. It seems to be generally agreed amongst media researchers that it is very difficult to find any clear evidence for the copycat effect, but the doctors in the BMA study were firmly convinced. One of them, Christopher Bulstrode, Professor of Orthopaedics at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, commented : ""We were expecting a fall in overdoses because it was a horrid scene. What we got was a 20% increase, and we were gobsmacked. One of the reasons we have been so slow in publishing was we didn't believe it. We have gone back over and over and over again. It really happened."" (Underwood)")
cnt(W1904,"A concept applicable to living natural resources in common spaces declaring that they might be explored by all States.")
cnt(W1905,"A concept applied to describe the modern state system. It refers to the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück that ended the European Thirty Years’ War in 1648. These treaties codified some aspects of our modern notion of state sovereignty. The year 1648 is often regarded as the start of the modern inter-state system governing international relations.")
cnt(W1906,"A concept applied to soils that have the tendency to reduce their volume after placement and compaction, due to solution of certain constituents such as sodium compounds in the soil.")
cnt(W1908,"A concept conceived by Prigogine to describe stable systems, which are, however, far from thermodynamic equilibrium, such as the envelope of air of the earth.")
cnt(W1909,"A concept developed by ecofeminist philosopher Karen J. Warren that explains the underlying epistemological cause of all domination in Western thought and politics.")
cnt(W1910,"A concept developed by ecofeminists Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies to describe the tacit knowledge of those (mostly women) who engage in life-sustaining and producing work.")
cnt(W1911,"A concept developed by Vidal de la Blache. It is referred to the set of social facts that intervene between natural geographical conditions and people’s behavior. The way of living (genre de vie) is made up of habits, techniques and social, economic and psychological structures.")
cnt(W1912,"A concept developed with respect to the American economy to emphasize the reliance of its economic development on the expansion of the new branches created by means of ICT, rather than traditional sectors, and the rules of efficiently running such economy.")
cnt(W1913,"A concept devised by M. Klein indicating a psychic process characterized by attributing fantasies or split parts of one's own personality into the minds of others, to control or harm them or to establish a non-verbal contact.")
cnt(W1914,"A concept first developed by Albert Schweitzer, who insisted that all human beings have these feelings, but most of us refuse to express them out of fear of being ridiculed and called sentimentalists. In his Civilization and Ethics, Schweitzer spoke of reverence for life as an intrinsic motivating system:  “Reverence for life drives a man on as the whirling, thrashing screw forces a ship through the water.” He called reverence for life an inner necessity, which has little to do with thinking or understanding. “Reverence for life brings us into a spiritual relation with the world which is independent of all knowledge of the universe.”")
cnt(W1915,"A concept focused on the movement of sediment over a wide range from the mountains to the coast rather than the traditional river system focused on water flow only.")
cnt(W1916,"A concept in discrete mathematics. It is a set system satisfying certain systematic conditions of symmetry.")
cnt(W1917,"A concept in implementation of recycling that requires that wastes be separated for collection.")
cnt(W1918,"A concept introduced by Johan Galtung to explain how nonviolent activists can trigger the support of third parties who, in turn, can reach the opponent and operate one of the mechanisms of change that will effect the nonviolent activists’ desired change.")
cnt(W1919,"A concept introduced by landscape philosophers to indicate the growing areas taken for ""passing by"" and not living such as motorway crossroads, airports, etc.")
cnt(W1920,"A concept introduced by sociologist Charles Tilly to explain the forms of popular struggle. He observed when studying collective action in France and Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries that contenders are innovative, constantly adapting their tactics to the varying circumstances in the field of contention but tending to do so within the parameters of their past experiences, cultural preferences and available tools—their repertoire, which for the countries and over the centuries that he studied changed dramatically. ")
cnt(W1921,"A concept invented by Arthur Kestler to describe behavior that is partly a function of individual nature and partly a function of the nature of the embedding system.")
cnt(W1922,"A concept of political organization that first appeared among Spanish anarchists in the 1930s. The organizational unit is small, comprising no more than twelve individuals, who work well together in a system of group autonomy, but are linked closely to similar groups. To make policy decisions at the macro-level affecting all the affinity units, each one sends a representative to express the thinking of the group at a more broadly based council meeting. ")
cnt(W1923,"A concept of science practice, developed by philosophers Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, adapted to situations of scientific complexity, systems uncertainties, high decision stakes and ethical dilemmas with modern technology risk and environmental problems.")
cnt(W1924,"A concept of science practice, developed by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, emphasising the role of wide stakeholder deliberation for knowledge quality assurance in situations of high uncertainty, high decision stakes and diversity of social values.")
cnt(W1926,"A concept operating on two mathematical programming problems and the possible coincidence of their values.")
cnt(W1927,"A concept presented by W.R. Bion, to indicate a deep disturbance or catastrophic change of personality after attempts to integrate one's divided parts, that is, the most alien and perturbing aspects of one's psyche.")
cnt(W1928,"A concept probably born in the USA in the 1950s with the Biological Science Curriculum Study (BSCS) project which views curriculum as dynamic and flexible and open to continuous change based on learners’ needs.")
cnt(W1929,"A concept relating to ecological communities, usually comprising many species; diversity among species increases with the number of species, and also when the proportions of individuals for every species tend to be equal (tendency to perfect homogeneity).")
cnt(W1930,"A concept that assumes international trade is unhampered by government intervention such as tariffs or non-tariff barriers.")
cnt(W1931,"A concept that compares one colliding continental plate to a rigid body (indenter) that penetrates into a rigid-plastic medium, the other colliding plate. The theory was developed by mechanical engineers, and allows interpretation of within-plate patterns of large strike-slip faults in a convergent system.")
cnt(W1932,"A concept that has evolved from meaning national self-sufficiency in domestic food production (during the 1960s and 1970s) to an idea that every individual should have economic and physical access at all times to food of sufficient quantity, quality, and diversity to meet individual nutritional and cultural needs.")
cnt(W1933,"A concept that postulates the structure and function of river communities change (longitudinally) in a predictable way between source and river.")
cnt(W1934,"A concept that refers to an acceptable level of social costs associated with the physical movement of people or goods. These social costs are related to decaying environmental quality, fatality rates because of accidents in the transport sector, or congestion causing a burden to the economy at large.")
cnt(W1937,"A concept that refers to travel time or delay in excess of that normally incurred under the light or free-flow travel conditions.")
cnt(W1938,"a concept that suggests that the only limiting factor to resource extraction is the human capacity for removal.")
cnt(W1939,"a concept that superiority and inferiority do not exist among different cultures")
cnt(W1940,"A concept used for the study and measurement of land productivity in agricultural economics. Land economic capacity refers to the quantity of other elements of production that can be carried when the most favorable proportions of land, as an element of production, to other elements are achieved under certain economic and technical conditions. It may be expressed in terms of money or material objects. The more other elements are carried, the bigger the land economic capacity is, and vice versa.")
cnt(W1941,"A concept used in the study of powders and defined as the dimension of a hypothetical particle such that if a material were wholly composed of such particles, it would have the same value as the actual material with respect to some stated property. ")
cnt(W1942,"A concept used to describe sustainability of socially constructed communities. Concerns language, and political, economic, and social institutions.")
cnt(W1944,"a concept whereby all the sizes of the bed material tend to be moved together by a given flow. The alternative is ‘selective entrainment’ whereby the small grains are moved by a lower flow speed whereas a higher flow speed is required to move larger grains.")
cnt(W1945,"A conception and construction of self and subjectivity which includes components such as gender, race, ethnicity, nation and sexual orientation. The focus on identity is seen as part of a post-modern sensibility.")
cnt(W1946,"A conception of what is desirable or what is right or wrong.")
cnt(W1948,"A conceptual and operative framework for societal development, promoting bios—life—as the central theme in every human endeavor, be it policy, education, art, government, science, or technology.")
cnt(W1951,"A conceptual model of another model, or set of models, or a model of the outputs from another model.")
cnt(W1952,"A conceptual model of cities with higher density of population and building to reduce the length of travel between home and work place, thus the energy used for traveling.")
cnt(W1953,"A conceptual model, developed by Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz, of the relationship between universities, governments and industry in the production and diffusion of knowledge.")
cnt(W1954,"A conceptual representation of phases that natural ecosystems appear to go through in some case studies.")
cnt(W1955,"A conceptual representation of the time evolution of quantities of interest and their relationships in an ecological system.")
cnt(W1956,"A conceptual surface separating the system under consideration and determining the measurement places of the delivered or rejected stream of matter or energy.")
cnt(W1957,"a conclusion drawn by reasoning from available information")
cnt(W1958,"A concrete dam reserves water by curved thin dam body dynamically.")
cnt(W1959,"A concrete dam reserves water by own weight.")
cnt(W1960,"a concrete-lined tank sunk below ground level, where sewage is digested anaerobically by bacteria")
cnt(W1961,"A condensed phase material in which the atoms or molecules are not arranged in a regular repeating pattern.")
cnt(W1962,"A condition attained following a microbial inactivation step in a food process in which all microorganisms capable of growing in the food under normal conditions of storage and distribution are inactivated.")
cnt(W1963,"a condition by which a given species, or group of species, is restricted to a limited and well defined geographic area such as an island, a lake, a river basin, or a group of mountains.")
cnt(W1964,"A condition caused by factors outside an organism or body; it is the opposite of endgenous. Exogenous factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil type, etc. may affect corn production. Similarly, industrial production increase has been attributed sometimes to the increase of exogenous factors such as government subsidies, tax reduction incentives, and so on. If economic growth depends heavily on the increase of exogenous factors, it cannot last over a long period of time, because of the rule of diminishing marginal return of investment.")
cnt(W1965,"A condition characterized by excess body fat.")
cnt(W1969,"A condition in which all individuals and groups have developed their latent power to the point where they can advocate their own needs and rights and negotiate with other empowered individuals and groups")
cnt(W1970,"a condition in which an interstate system has two dominant power centers or blocs")
cnt(W1971,"a condition in which bacteria are not permitted to grow")
cnt(W1974,"a condition in which infants, usually less than two months old, fed on formulae prepared with water having high nitrate concentration, become cyanotic. Nitrate is reduced in the intestine to nitrite; which combines with hemoglobin, rendering it incapable of carrying oxygen.")
cnt(W1975,"a condition in which one member of a system plays a dominant role in influencing the rules governing the system and the behavior of other system members")
cnt(W1977,"A condition in which states are mutually sensitive and vulnerable to the actions taken by others, though not necessarily in equal measure.")
cnt(W1978,"A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.")
cnt(W1979,"A condition in which the haploid thallus (vegetative phase) is self-fertilizing (i.e. does not need copulation with another haplont).")
cnt(W1980,"A condition in which the upper surface of the zone of saturation forms a water table under atmospheric pressure.")
cnt(W1981,"A condition in which too much information is available on a topic, now in common occurrence in online information searching.")
cnt(W1982,"A condition in which two or more dissimilar social processes or activities can lead to similar archaeological results.")
cnt(W1983,"a condition marked by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull, typically characterized by enlargement of the head with prominence of the forehead, brain atrophy, mental deterioration and convulsions")
cnt(W1985,"A condition marked by spasms of the bronchioles or bronchi typically induced by specific immunological responses.")
cnt(W1987,"a condition of a system when it is largely unaffected by internal or external changes so it returns to its original condition after being perturbed.")
cnt(W1988,"A condition of expanded particulate structure that may be brought about by such as agitation, aeration or shear. The opposite of compaction")
cnt(W1989,"A condition of global sea level and its fluctuations.")
cnt(W1990,"A condition of presumed inadequate intake of total dietary energy in relation to energy expenditure demands, defined in adults by the BMI criterion of <18.5 kg/m².")
cnt(W1991,"A condition of zero internal strength of a powder bed brought about by the presence of excess fluid, usually air, in the interstitial voids of a fine bulk solid that dilates the bulk sufficiently to offer the constituent particles unrestrained freedom for rearrangement and hence behave like a fluid of low viscosity.")
cnt(W1992,"A condition or operating level at which system performance will not degrade over time due to stress on one or more element(s) of the system. Environmentally sustainable actions are those actions that allow the environment to maintain its resilience over long periods of time.")
cnt(W1993,"A condition or state resulting from the interrelations between humans and the biological, chemical, physical, and social environment that should be compatible with their basic human needs and full functional activity including reproduction over a long period.")
cnt(W1994,"A condition produced by infection with a fungus, usually Candida albicans, involving various parts such as skin, mucous membrane, nails, bronchi, lungs, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract.")
cnt(W1995,"a condition relating to greatly enlarged cells, often with intranuclear inclusions")
cnt(W1997,"a condition resulting in the death of bacteria")
cnt(W1998,"A condition that arises when a government/central bank changes a fixed exchange rate for its currency in a direction that reduces the value of the local currency compared to foreign currencies.")
cnt(W1999,"A condition that ensures that a control strategy is optimal")
cnt(W2000,"A condition that exists when the theoretical model fitted to a semi-variogram differs between the semi-variograms plotted for different directions.")
cnt(W2001,"A condition that guarantees non-degeneracy in the first order condition.")
cnt(W2004,"A condition where the behavior of a fluid is modified by magnetic control.")
cnt(W2006,"A condition where the social strains generated within a society do not hinder the continuous enhancement of the standards of living of that society.")
cnt(W2007,"a condition where the soils lose their main properties.")
cnt(W2008,"A condition where two spatial units share a common edge or boundary.")
cnt(W2010,"A condition whereby the whole world viewed in both physical, natural, social, political and human terms is able to maintain an ongoing development which neither threatens future existence of the totality or the interacting subcomponents.")
cnt(W2011,"A condition, often caused by physiological changes or homeostatic disequilibrium, which energizes an organism’s behavior.")
cnt(W2012,"A condition, which fixes the initial state of the dynamical system.")
cnt(W2013,"A condition, which links the values of the state variables at different points.")
cnt(W2014,"a conduit for carrying large quantity of flowing water.")
cnt(W2017,"A cone is a set of vectors such that each prolongated or reduced (positive) version of that vector is also in this set.")
cnt(W2018,"A cone or mound of ice or snow, several meters high, on a glacier tongue covered with a veneer of silt or rock debris.")
cnt(W2019,"A conference, also known as the ""Earth Summit"" or the ""Rio Summit"", held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 and attended by 178 heads of governments. The following were the major outcomes of the conference:the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration, and the Forest Principles.")
cnt(W2020,"A confidence envelope containing the true intrinsic diversity profile with a probability greater than the nominal level.")
cnt(W2022,"A confining bed that retards but does not prevent the flow of water to or from an adjacent aquifer; a leaky confining bed. It does not readily yield water to wells or springs, but may serve as a storage unit for ground water.")
cnt(W2023,"A conflict between two languages (or dialects) as a result of the different status of the languages involved.")
cnt(W2024,"A conflict model that reflects the ways in which decision makers perceive a conflict when there may be misperceptions (see Misperceptions and Hypergame Models of Conflict).")
cnt(W2025,"A conflict situation, which is described by agents, strategies of the agents, and payoff functions, in which the agents cannot make binding agreements (a non-cooperative game, typically represented in strategic or normal - form).")
cnt(W2026,"a conflict solution that satisfies both parties’ interests, typically reached through problem-solving")
cnt(W2027,"A confusing term used variously to mean; (i) having the characteristics of newly harvested fish or shellfish; (ii) more loosely that the fish has no obvious sign of spoilage, such as off-odor or off-flavor; (iii) that the fish has not been frozen although it may not conform to the description of (i) or (ii) above; or (iv) in fishery commodity statistics, fish used for food purposes other than frozen, canned or cured, i.e., including the chilled sector.")
cnt(W2028,"A conglomerate consisting of surface sand and gravel cemented together into a hard mass by petroleum droplets and soot. This deposit resulted from the burning of oil wells in Kuwait during the Gulf War of 1991.")
cnt(W2029,"a conglomeration of mass movements from various parts of India. It is self-described as ""a coming together, a process of like-minded groups and movements who while retaining their autonomous identities, are working together to bring the struggle for a people-oriented development model to the centre-stage of politics and public life."" (See http://narmada.org/NAPM/napm.html).")
cnt(W2030,"A conical flask with wide base for collecting solution after extraction or for crystallization.")
cnt(W2031,"a conical structure, usually made of twisted straw used to house bees in Europe and England")
cnt(W2032,"A conical, or similar, expanding chamber leading from a turbine casing to the tailwater pool, for the purpose of recovering some of the kinetic energy of the flow through the turbine, and thus increasing the effective head.")
cnt(W2033,"a connected acyclic graph.")
cnt(W2034,"a connection, emotional or otherwise, between two or more people, or between people and other living beings, and the ecosystem. ")
cnt(W2036,"A conscious effort to change institutions and, thus, behaviors to solve defined problems.")
cnt(W2038,"A conscious, deliberate and collaborative effort to improve the performance and operation of organizational systems (communities, organizations, and groups) through the application of specific knowledge.")
cnt(W2039,"A consequence of a rupture spreading at the rate of a few kilometers per hour in the Earth's interior.")
cnt(W2040,"a consequence of the actions of physical and chemical factors (mutagenes) on living organisms, manifested as an increase in mutation frequency above the spontaneous level.")
cnt(W2041,"A conservation facility where genes are conserved in the form of seeds, tissues, plants.")
cnt(W2042,"A Conservation International affiliate working in the Maya Forest")
cnt(W2043,"A conservation-tillage system that usually leaves the soil undisturbed from harvest to planting except for fertilizer injection; used mainly in wet, cold climates and/or with furrow irrigation.")
cnt(W2044,"A conservative branch of Buddhism comprising sects chiefly in Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia and adhering to the original Pali scriptures alone and to the nontheistic ideal of nirvana for a limited select number.")
cnt(W2045,"A consideration of technical efficiency, preventive engineering and the factor ""time"" in the business process enables to optimization of technology, liability and utilization. The result is a new quality, defined as system performance over long periods of time. This is a key to corporate success in the service (""lake"") economy (see Figure 1).")
cnt(W2046,"A consistent and ordered set of rules embodied in a shell-like program that establishes controls and instantiates the problem-solving strategy of an expert system.")
cnt(W2049,"a consolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clastic material deposited by the wind; e.g. dune sand cemented below ground-water level by calcite.")
cnt(W2050,"A consonant articulated by producing a narrowing at some point in the speech tract, through which the airstream has to push its way, causing audible friction.")
cnt(W2051,"A consonant articulated by withdrawing the articulator (usually the tongue) from its rest position and then striking another articulator on its way back.")
cnt(W2052,"A consonant produced at the alveolar ridge.")
cnt(W2053,"A consonant produced involving the teeth and one lip, normally the lower lip and the upper teeth.")
cnt(W2054,"A consonant produced using the glottalic egressive airstream mechanism.")
cnt(W2055,"A consonant type articulated involving  an active articulator (the tongue apex or the uvula) fluttering in a turbulent stream of air and striking the passive articulator rapidly and repeatedly.")
cnt(W2056,"A consonant type formed in a manner involving the tongue apex tapping once rapidly on a passive articulator.")
cnt(W2057,"A consonant whose articulation involves a complete closure at some point in the speech tract. After the air pressure builds up behind the closure, the obstruction is suddenly released, which results in an outburst perceived as an 'explosion'.")
cnt(W2058,"A conspicuous, usually large, crystal embedded in porphyritic igneous rock.")
cnt(W2059,"A constant explaining the increase or decrease of material volume per unit weight when heated or cooled by one degree.")
cnt(W2060,"A constant exponent of the power-law model")
cnt(W2061,"a constant feature of an area caused by an arid climate.")
cnt(W2062,"A constant in a statistical formula or model. The word is often used loosely as a synonym for “factor” or “variable”.")
cnt(W2063,"A constant parameter of the power-law model.")
cnt(W2064,"A constant periodic stream of costs that when discounted equals the discounted actual varying stream of periodic costs associated with the installation and operation of a given technological system.")
cnt(W2067,"A constellation of 24 satellites orbiting the earth at a very high altitude. These satellites transmit radio wave signals that allow one to determine, with great accuracy, the locations of GPS receivers. In farming GPS can be used to map and survey fields, allowing farmers to more efficiently control the distribution of fertilizers and chemicals to those areas of the field in need of special attention.")
cnt(W2068,"a constellation of achievements (concepts, values, techniques, etc.) shared by a scientific community and used by that community to define legitimate problems and solutions.")
cnt(W2069,"a constellation of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by the community at large and used in the framework of common vision of this reality as guidelines for political and other kinds of joint actions serving the common cause of society")
cnt(W2070,"A constellation of rules, decision-making procedures, and programs that defines a social practice, assigns roles to the participants in the practice, and governs interactions among the occupants of those roles.")
cnt(W2071,"A constellation of symptoms such as eye, nose and throat irritation, dry, itching or red skin, headaches and mental fatigue, etc. attributable to exposure to a given environment. SBS differs from MCS in that symptoms are transitory and are relieved by leaving the offending environment.")
cnt(W2072,"A constituent is one of two or more grammatical units that enter syntactically or morphologically into a construction.")
cnt(W2073,"A constraint in a database asserting that the value of an attribute name in a relation is completely determined by the values of certain other attributes names.")
cnt(W2074,"A constraint on regulatee behavior, embodied in regulation.")
cnt(W2075,"A construct that represents frequency of clusterings of activities at different time scales and spatial scales in complex ecosystem dynamics")
cnt(W2076,"A construction contracting method where the price of the building is fixed by a tightly defined contract- the least flexible but most predictable form of contracting.")
cnt(W2077,"A construction making a near right angle with the edge of a stream and partly narrowing the flow channel.")
cnt(W2078,"a consumption tax generally imposed on most goods and services along all points of the chain of production")
cnt(W2080,"a consumption tax imposed generally at the point of purchase of goods")
cnt(W2081,"A contaminant that can cause adverse developmental effects.")
cnt(W2082,"A contemporary historical period generally traced from the 1960s to the present, characterized by skepticism toward earlier articles of faith such as scientific reasoning and progress. In the cultural sphere, the era is characterized by diversity, recycling, and paradox, and a rejection of metanarratives.")
cnt(W2083,"a contemporary marginal or potential literary writing circle in Shanghai, the elite of which are FANG Sheng-xiang, YANG Hong-sheng, XIN Jiang-min, Hai An, GU Gang, He Yang, Liu Wei,Mo-Mo, Yu-Yu, Liu Man-liu, etc.")
cnt(W2084,"A contemporary version of economies of scale where a corporation seeks to market as many products together under one setting or cultural form. The more abstract definition is an interaction among parts of a whole.")
cnt(W2085,"A contested term that is characteristically explained in terms of fairness, desert, equality, rights or some combination thereof.")
cnt(W2086,"a context of interaction that occurs between a range of spatial and temporal frequencies, for example fast and slow feedbacks, which affect the resilience of ecosystems.")
cnt(W2087,"A continental ""cliff"" between the shelf (about 200 meters) and the abyssal region, around 2500 to 4000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W2088,"A continental edge that is characterized by limited tectonic activity (i.e., few earthquakes, no subduction, no mountain building). These margins are characterized by substantial sediment accumulations that result in widespread, virtually flat features.")
cnt(W2089,"A continental edge that is characterized by pronounced tectonic activity (i.e., abundant earthquakes, often associated with subduction and mountain building). These margins tend to have very reduced shelf areas (compare with ""passive margin"" below).")
cnt(W2092,"A continued, directional evolutionary change within an evolving lineage.")
cnt(W2093,"A continuing loss of acid neutralizing capacity indicated by increasing hydrogen ion concentration and/or declining alkalinity. The term can be used for soils, water draining from catchments.")
cnt(W2094,"A continuous and integrated preventive approach designed to reduce the environmental risks and the impact of processes and products. It is based on reducing the quantity and toxicity of energy source emissions and waste before they leave the production process, and on minimizing environmental impact throughout the entire product life cycle, from materials extraction to final disposal.")
cnt(W2095,"A continuous and long period of dry weather conditions which can be experienced by a city, region, province or a state as a whole.")
cnt(W2098,"A continuous fluidized solids process that cracks feed thermally over heated coke particles in a reactor vessel to gas, liquid products, and coke.")
cnt(W2100,"a continuous function that is linear except for a finite set of points (where its slope changes). Often used for approximation of non-linear functions in order to make it possible to deal with LP or MIP problem instead of NLP problem.")
cnt(W2101,"A continuous gradation of ways of life between truly rural and truly urban, also expressing that no clear breaks exist.")
cnt(W2102,"a continuous plain covered by sand.")
cnt(W2103,"A continuous process of knowledge acquisition by already qualified personnel through formal and informal educational systems which are perceived as updates and fill-in-the-gaps process in their areas of competence. It is essentially to close the lag time between knowledge acquisition and professional practice due to increasing scientific and technological demands.")
cnt(W2105,"A continuous recording of geophysical data collected by lowering logging tools down a well bore. These data are analyzed to detect the presence of oil or gas and the properties of the surrounding rock.")
cnt(W2106,"A continuous stirred-tank reactor, where reactants and products are continuously added and withdrawn.")
cnt(W2107,"A continuous system of ice domes, ice streams, outlet glaciers, and ice shelves covering extensive tracts of land, continental shelves and sometimes continental slopes.")
cnt(W2108,"A continuous, well-defined mass of material of sufficient ore content to make extraction economically feasible.)
cnt(WSpecific terms related to distinct mineral deposits are covered in the glossaries attached to each theme-level contribution.")
cnt(W2109,"A continuously compounded bond which is appreciated at the instantaneous interest rate.")
cnt(W2110,"A continuously operating plug flow system for the production of compost using a long downward-sloping cylindrical tube through which the material that is being composted slowly tumbles by virtue of the steady rotation of the tube.")
cnt(W2111,"A continuously varying wave is measured at distinct time-points, the measurement data is quantized, resulting in a sequence of data from a finite alphabet. The process itself is called sampling. There are several ways of defining the distinct sampling points and of quantization, yielding essentially different algorithms.")
cnt(W2112,"A continuum divided into successive values that can be graphical, descriptive or numerical, used in reporting the level of a characteristic.")
cnt(W2113,"A continuum of varieties which is hypothesized to develop when a creole is in contact with its lexifier language, which is assumed to lead to decreolization, or the loss of the creole (see decreolization, basilect, acrolect).")
cnt(W2114,"a contract clause in which a state agrees not to change relevant parts of its legal system during the term of the contract.")
cnt(W2115,"A contract to exchange two future income streams, for example floating-rate interest and fixed-rate interest on the same given notional principal sum.")
cnt(W2116,"A contract which entitles one to sell something by/at a future date (maturity).")
cnt(W2117,"A contract which entitles, but does not oblige one to buy/sell something by/at a future date.")
cnt(W2119,"A contract with a financial promise.")
cnt(W2120,"A contract with the obligation to sell or buy stock at a fixed price by/at an agreed date.")
cnt(W2124,"A contraction of reduction and oxidation, electron transfer processes that occur in some kinds of chemical reactions.")
cnt(W2125,"A contraction of the terms ""thermodynamics"" and ""economics,"" implying the combined application of these two disciplines for the analysis, improvement, and optimization of energy systems.")
cnt(W2127,"A contraction of the terms thermodynamics and economics, implying the combined application of these two disciplines for the analysis, improvement and optimization of energy systems.")
cnt(W2128,"a contraction of the word ‘smoke’ and ‘fog’, the term refers to the combination of photochemical substances that dominate polluted industrial air masses and give the atmosphere a brownish haze. Ozone is a key ingredient of smog.")
cnt(W2129,"A contraction of the words tensional integrity. The principle of structure wherein tensional behaviors are balanced by compression of structural members.")
cnt(W2130,"A contractual approach in which costs are charged according to agreed upon schedule or hourly rates, mark-ups and other charges. The owner assumes the risk of overruns beyond the initial estimate. The contractor has little risk and small incentive to control costs.")
cnt(W2131,"A contractual cost arrangement in which a given service is provided for a given amount. Careful definition of the scope of services is required and usually provides for adjustment in the event of changed circumstances. This is contrasted with an arrangement in which services are provided for a specified rate and reimbursement of other costs as they are incurred. In principle, there is no limit to the cost charged in this manner, though often some limit is imposed.")
cnt(W2132,"A control action consisting of the proportional integral and derivative components")
cnt(W2133,"a control device designated to separate or remove mist or liquid droplets")
cnt(W2134,"a control device designated to separate or remove mists from air")
cnt(W2136,"A control device for regulating the speed of rotation of a turbine-generator set.")
cnt(W2137,"A control is a means in research to exclude an explanation of the data.")
cnt(W2138,"A control minimizing the performance index.")
cnt(W2139,"A control of feedback type, which is optimal.")
cnt(W2140,"A control or measuring structure built across a stream or river that is broad in its direction of flow, as compared to a sharp-crested weir. The function of the broadened crest is to induce critical flow to occur over the crest, which aids exact flow measurement, even under fairly high tailwater conditions.")
cnt(W2141,"A control strategy that minimizes the cost functional")
cnt(W2142,"A control system described by a differential equation and controlled by two (generally, two or more) agents pursuing opposite (generally, different) goals.")
cnt(W2143,"A controlled input.")
cnt(W2144,"A convection due to much lower molecular diffusivity of salt dissolved in water compared to the thermal diffusivity.")
cnt(W2145,"A convection in which the fluid motion is due primarily to a superposed flow. Forced convection of heat occurs when heat is conducted through a solid surface to, or from, a fluid and carried from one point to another by particles of fluid that are forced along by external mean such as fans and pumps.")
cnt(W2146,"A convection pattern consisting of large cells (30 000 km in diameter) in which flow is mostly horizontal and outward from cell centers but which also has weak upward flow at cell centers and downward flow at cell boundaries.")
cnt(W2147,"A convention signed at Montego Bay, Jamaica on 10 December, 1982. It comprises 320 articles and nine annexes and governs all aspects of ocean space from delimitations to environmental control, scientific research, economic and commercial activities, technology and the settlement of disputes related to ocean matters.")
cnt(W2148,"a conventional method invented by Emil Fisher to describe the stereochemistry of chiral molecules, in particular sugars and amino acids.")
cnt(W2149,"A conventional velocity of water flow in soil pores per unit gradient of hydraulic potential; usually measured in m s-1 or m day-1.")
cnt(W2150,"a conventionalized gesture, usually standing alone as its own utterance, with a ""correct"" form and culturally specific meaning.")
cnt(W2151,"A conviction of the truth or falsity of a statement or fact")
cnt(W2153,"A cooperation between two airlines. This cooperation may take various forms, for instance, marketing agreements, code sharing (where a flight operated by one carrier is offered under the flight numbers of two allied carriers), and full mergers.")
cnt(W2154,"A cooperation between two or more different microbes in which the partners depend entirely on each other to perform the metabolic activity observed, and in which the mutual dependence on each other cannot be overcome by simply adding any type of nutrient.")
cnt(W2155,"A cooperation of nations to ensure the security of all its members from aggressions from other countries.")
cnt(W2156,"a cooperative agreement among great powers to jointly manage the interstate system, often through an ad-hoc system of conferences")
cnt(W2157,"a cooperative agreement between firms or firms and other institutions located in different countries.")
cnt(W2158,"A cooperative game arising from a decision making by voting.")
cnt(W2159,"A cooperative game arising from an exchange market.")
cnt(W2160,"A cooperative game in which transferable utility is assumed.")
cnt(W2161,"A cooperative game in which values of its characteristic function are only 1 or 0.")
cnt(W2162,"A cooperative, tri-national approach to conserving waterfowl species and habitats.")
cnt(W2163,"A coordinate system based on right-angle coordinates.")
cnt(W2164,"A coordinate system, in which a body moves with uniform velocity in a straight line if no force acts on it")
cnt(W2165,"A coordinate-based data structure commonly used to present linear map features.")
cnt(W2166,"a coordinated body of methods or plan of procedure; the structure or organization of society, business, or politics, or society in general that support a particular cultural or world view,")
cnt(W2170,"A coordinated system of preparation of goods for transport, distribution, storage, retail sale, and end use.")
cnt(W2172,"A copolymer consisting of macromolecules where two different units are present, but long sections of one type exist")
cnt(W2173,"A core mental health discipline that focuses on the study, assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior.")
cnt(W2174,"A core problem of global change whereby fresh water availability and quality is insufficient for use by human and other life on Earth.")
cnt(W2175,"a core protein in the reaction centre of Photosystem II.")
cnt(W2178,"A core-less electromagnetic winding used for actuating control elements.")
cnt(W2179,"A co-residing group of people, often but not always related by kinship and sharing economic functions.")
cnt(W2180,"a corporate asset that includes explicit and tacit knowledge.")
cnt(W2181,"a corporation chartered by a group of prominent businessmen in the early 1900s to manage patentable intellectual property produced by universities.")
cnt(W2182,"A corporation whose purpose is to own and manage other corporations that actually operate services. An example of a holding company was the Greyhound Corporation, which owned, in whole or in part, various intercity bus corporations throughout the United States.")
cnt(W2183,"A correction for the change in normal gravity resulting from measurement at an observation point at an elevation above sea level.")
cnt(W2184,"A correction for the effects of measuring gravity from a moving platform over a rotating Earth. Corrects for the Coriolis and differential centrifugal “fictitious forces.”")
cnt(W2185,"A correction for the gravitational effect of a slab of rock of a specified density between the observation point and sea level. Also called the simple Bouguer correction.")
cnt(W2186,"A correction for the gravitational effect of moderate to extreme topographic relief used to calculate the complete Bouguer anomaly.")
cnt(W2187,"A correlation coefficient between time series and the same time series shifted on several time units, for example, several years.")
cnt(W2188,"A correlation coefficient between two time series.")
cnt(W2189,"A correlation coefficient is a measure of the interdependence between two variates. It is usually a number between – 1 and 1 (perfect negative and positive correlation respectively), with 0 indicating absence of correlation, but not necessarily the independence of the variables.")
cnt(W2191,"a correlation of the positive (recharge) and negative (discharge) components of groundwater formation.")
cnt(W2192,"a corridor or piece of land set aside in a city or suburb to preserve nature. Human activities are normally restricted in the corridor. A greenway can also be a road network constructed in a manner that protects and preserves the natural attributes of the area it goes through.")
cnt(W2193,"A corrosion process that produces hard nodules of corrosion and deposition products in iron pipe thereby decreasing the flow rate.")
cnt(W2194,"A cosmic process specified by a fundamental universal flow toward ever increasing complexity that manifests itself through particular events and sequences of events that are not limited to the domain of biological phenomenon but extend to include all aspects of change in open dynamic systems with a throughput of information and energy. In other words, evolution relates to the formation of stars from atoms, of Homo Sapiens from the anthropoid apes, as much as to the formation of complex societies from rudimentary social systems.")
cnt(W2195,"A cosmology in which nature and society are seen as co-constitutive.")
cnt(W2196,"A cosmovision seeking a holistic and sustainable way of life.")
cnt(W2197,"a cost- and time-efficient construction method for concrete dams.")
cnt(W2198,"a cost hierarchy linking objectives and activities with the organizational resources requirements.")
cnt(W2199,"A costly and technology-intensive irrigation method bringing the water directly to the root-zones of plants. Limited by the economic value of the crops. Thus not practical for grain.")
cnt(W2200,"A council of five members representing the village.")
cnt(W2201,"A council of leading trade associations representing chemical manufacturers worldwide. The purpose of the ICCA is to exchange views among members, to coordinate action by council members, and to present an international chemical industry view to organizations. Such organizations would primarily be inter-governmental agencies and international private organizations (e.g., the International Standards Organization, ISO). Policy issues of international significance to the chemical manufacturing industry form the agenda of the ICCA. Such issues include health, safety, and the environment; international transport safety; intellectual property; trade policy; and, industry efforts to eliminate chemical weapons and diversion to illegal drugs.")
cnt(W2202,"A counter in which the magnitude of each pulse is independent of the amount of energy deposit in it.")
cnt(W2203,"A counter tube operated under such conditions that the magnitude of each pulse is independent of the amount of energy deposited in it.")
cnt(W2204,"A counter tube operated under such conditions that the magnitude of each pulse is proportional to the amount of energy deposited in it.")
cnt(W2205,"A counter-flow heat exchanger for melting iron. The furnace consists of a cylindrical shaft with refractory material at the bottom, and then alternating layers of iron, coke, and limestone. Blast air provides oxygen for the combustion of the coke.")
cnt(W2206,"a country has a comparative advantage in producing a good, A, if the opportunity costs of not producing other goods—because production capacity is used for production of good A—is lower than in other countries.")
cnt(W2207,"A country is called labor- (capital-) abundant if its supply of labor (capital) relative to another factor, say capital (labor), is higher than the similar factor supply ratio of another country.")
cnt(W2209,"A country that demonstrates a high level of industrialization and an overall high standard of living. Wealth and technology are often associated with a democratic form of government.")
cnt(W2210,"A country that has not demonstrated a high level of industrialization and has a low standard of living. Generally these conditions are associated with rapid population growth. One might use the terms ""lesser developed countries"" (LDC) and ""least developed countries"" (LLDC) to more explicitly define the nation in question.")
cnt(W2211,"A country that is legally bound by the terms of the Convention through the processes of ratification or accession.")
cnt(W2212,"a country where a multinational firm is based")
cnt(W2214,"A country whose government determines economic activity on the basis of central planning and not on supply and demand principles.")
cnt(W2215,"A country's agreement to become legally bound by a convention or protocol, often requiring approval of its legislature. After a certain number of ratifications, the convention or protocol enters into force.")
cnt(W2216,"a county, identified by the provincial government, which can receive financial assistance or subsidies and other priorities from governments. The criteria for Province-identified poverty counties in different provinces are different.")
cnt(W2217,"A coupled collection of models describing the environmental, economical and sociological aspects of our world.")
cnt(W2218,"A coupled model used in ozone variation research.")
cnt(W2219,"A course of action (modelled by a subset of its cards) that a player says it will pursue if its position is rejected.")
cnt(W2220,"a course of action or principle adopted by a government, a business, or an individual.")
cnt(W2222,"a course of study (narrow definition), or the whole learning experience of the learner at an institution (broad definition).")
cnt(W2223,"A court case in which a defendant is charged with several crimes, and all of the charges are considered at once by the same jury.")
cnt(W2224,"a covalent bond formed by oxidation of the SH groups of two cysteine residues")
cnt(W2225,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of one couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond")
cnt(W2226,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of three couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond and two p-bond")
cnt(W2227,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of two couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond and a p-bond")
cnt(W2228,"A covalent bond in which the electrons are not exactly evenly distributed between the atomic species.")
cnt(W2229,"A coverage containing common features such as land–water boundaries for use as starting place in automating other coverages. (Templates increase the precision of spatial overlays.)")
cnt(W2230,"a CPU that contains many processing stages. A computer instruction has to go through one or more stages to complete its execution. Many stages may be used concurrently by different instructions.")
cnt(W2231,"A creative activity pursued on a regular basis, the goal of which is to expand knowledge, including the knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this knowledge to develop new ways of application.")
cnt(W2233,"A crevice which ends about 45 cm deep in the soil in a cylinder hole (6 to 8 cm in cross-sectional diameter) resembling a hole made by the animal of the same name. It is used to retain water and reduce surface runoff, and is made by a special mole-maker or plow equipped with a special device.")
cnt(W2234,"a criterion according to which a poverty-stricken area is identified. The poverty line has been adjusted at least five times in China since the poverty problem attracted official attention in the mid 1980s.")
cnt(W2235,"A criterion is termed weak-preference independent if its evaluation does not depend on the values of other criteria.")
cnt(W2236,"A criterion of perfection, which can be formulated for a system, plant, or plant component. It is given by the ratio of the exergy transfer rate associated with the output of the plant (or its component) to the exergy transfer rate associated with the corresponding exergy input. Exergy efficiency cannot be higher than 1 (100%).")
cnt(W2237,"A criterion of social relationship between persons who consider themselves as culturally distinctive from members of other groups with whom they have a minimum of regular interaction")
cnt(W2238,"A criterion of Soil Taxonomy that characterizes the moisture status of the subsoil throughout the year.")
cnt(W2239,"A criterion of Soil Taxonomy that indicates the yearly temperature fluctuation in the subsoil.")
cnt(W2240,"A criterion that separates acceptability from unacceptability (Codex Alimentarius Commission 1997). A maximum or minimum value to which a biological, chemical, or physical parameter must be controlled at a CCP to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to an acceptable level, the occurrence of a food safety hazard (NACMCF 1997).")
cnt(W2242,"A critical level is the maximum pollutant concentration a part of the environment can be exposed to without significant harmful effects.")
cnt(W2243,"A critical load is the maximum amount of pollutant deposition a part of the environment can tolerate without significant harmful effects.")
cnt(W2244,"a critique of language which identifies unecological elements in the language system and criticizes anthropocentrism in texts")
cnt(W2246,"a crop management approach that makes use of information on the biology and ecology of a weed and all available control technologies to develop an integrated management program.")
cnt(W2247,"A crop that is a grass plant producing seed harvested for human or animal feed. Cereals are the major source of carbohydrates and calories in the world diet, with most cereal grains ground into a coarse or refined flour that is used in a variety of food products.")
cnt(W2248,"A crop that is high in vegetable oil in the seed. Oilseeds are broadleaf plants that typically have 40% or more oil in their seeds on a weight basis.")
cnt(W2249,"A crop that is used in the same way as a cereal grain, with its seeds ground into flour and used in breads and other baked products. Pseudocereals are different from true cereals in the characteristics of their seed, and the fact the pseudocereals are broadleafs rather than grasses.")
cnt(W2250,"a crop tree selected and reserved for seed collection or as a source of seed for natural regeneration.")
cnt(W2251,"A cropping system whereby annual crops (such as barley) are grown in alleys formed by hedgerows of shrubs such as Atriplex spp.")
cnt(W2252,"A cross discipline of coal geology and geochemistry, which deals with origin, evolution, form, environmental effect of minerals and trace element.")
cnt(W2253,"A cross discipline of coal geology and organic geochemistry, which deals with the origin, evolution, composition and property of coal and relative mineral deposits to coal, such as oil from coal.")
cnt(W2254,"A cross section can be differential in the angles and energies of the scattered or emerging particles or in the energy of the projectile in the elastic channel. If differential cross sections are integrated and summed over the various reaction channels, one obtains the reaction cross section, if summed with inclusion of the elastic cross section, the total cross section.")
cnt(W2255,"A cross section in a flow regime where critical flow occurs, i.e. where the water stage is not affected by downstream water levels.")
cnt(W2257,"A cross-discipline of coal geology and geochemistry, which deals with the origin, evolution, composition, and properties of coal and minerals, trace elements in coal, and the relation of mineral deposits to coal, such as the derivation of oil from coal.")
cnt(W2259,"A crossing by a random process a certain given boundary (called up- and down-crossings in case of one-dimensional process).")
cnt(W2260,"a cross-linked polymer")
cnt(W2261,"A crossover operator in genetic algorithms which uses a predefined number of uniformly distributed crossover points and exchanges alternating segments between pairs of crossover points between the parent individuals. Cf. one-point crossover")
cnt(W2262,"A crossover operator in genetic algorithms, which was originally defined to work on binary strings. The uniform crossover operator exchanges each bit with a certain probability between the two parent individuals. The exchange probability typically has a value of one half, but other settings are possible. Cf. discrete recombination")
cnt(W2263,"A crossover operator tested in canonical genetic algorithms to explore the potential for self-adaptation of the number of crossover points and their positions. To achieve this, the vector of object variables is extended by a crossover mask, where a one bit indicates the position of a crossover point in the object variable part of the individual. The crossover mask itself is subject to recombination and mutation to allow for a self-adaptation of the crossover operator")
cnt(W2264,"A cross-sectionally averaged representation (of a flow process) in the longitudinal direction.")
cnt(W2265,"A crosswise reaction that bonds parallel chains in a complex chemical molecule (as a polymer).")
cnt(W2266,"A crowd of particles, the number of particles being sufficient for the statistical mean of any property to be independent of the number of particles present. The mass assumes a behaviour due to their interaction such that the assembly may be considered as a continuum. Particulate solids may be called bulk solids, granular solids or powder although, in certain contexts, these terms have different meanings from one another.")
cnt(W2267,"A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt messages.")
cnt(W2268,"A crystal of ice which falls to the earth surface from clouds.")
cnt(W2269,"A crystal or fragment thereof found within another crystal or glassy matrix")
cnt(W2270,"A crystal portion of the basic unit of cellulose. Its atoms form a perfect lattice, without strains or other imperfections.")
cnt(W2271,"A crystal structure having base-center cubic.")
cnt(W2272,"A crystaline toxic protein produced by certain bacteria.")
cnt(W2273,"A crystalline material in which some atoms of the parent material have been substituted by those of another material.")
cnt(W2274,"A crystalline solid formed by electrons.")
cnt(W2275,"A cultivated variety within a plant species that differs in some respect from the rest of the species.")
cnt(W2280,"A cultural group or society that is split by national or other jurisdictional boundaries.")
cnt(W2281,"A cultural method that provides essential nutrients and water to plants without solid media.")
cnt(W2282,"a cultural method when a non-flowering plant part (shoot, leaf, stem, root, etc.) is used for plant reproduction and multiplication.")
cnt(W2283,"a cultural orientation in which impersonality dominates in social relations:  this usually comes from a rational bureaucratic structure")
cnt(W2284,"a cultural orientation in which people put values on personal relations among family members, and it usually has problems in dealing with social events in impersonal contexts")
cnt(W2285,"a cultural orientation in which people understand the nature of the market system and the price involved in economic transaction:  it can be found in cultures that have a long history of capitalism")
cnt(W2286,"a cultural orientation in which personal and close relations among members are preferred, often accompanied by familism or collectivism")
cnt(W2287,"a cultural orientation that delegates power and authority to members who are in the lower position of organizational hierarchy")
cnt(W2288,"a cultural orientation that favors the expression of ideas among personal groups, and tends not to leave documents for future use or inspection; this can make it difficult to establish a knowledge database")
cnt(W2289,"a cultural orientation that has a high level of trust among members of an organization or society, which is hypothesized to lead to higher economic performance")
cnt(W2290,"a cultural orientation that has a low level of trust among members of an organization or society, which is hypothesized to make it hard to share and distribute knowledge between members of a group or organization")
cnt(W2291,"a cultural orientation that prefers to record or write down most events happening in organizational and social lives, which can be used for establishing an organizational knowledge database")
cnt(W2292,"a cultural orientation that prefers vertical social relations and tends to comply with the rules and commands given by high-ranking people with highest authority in a group or society")
cnt(W2293,"a cultural orientation to be cooperative in an organization or society which is often derived from open-mindedness among people")
cnt(W2294,"a cultural type characterized by open-mindedness and collaboration in social interaction, which is considered the opposite of closed culture")
cnt(W2295,"A culture based on the integration of the environment in every initiative. Within this framework, the cooperation of technology and the arts in environmental preservation is strongly encouraged.")
cnt(W2296,"A culture collection which has been recognized under the Budapest Treaty as a depository for micro-organisms included in intellectual property right protection (patent).")
cnt(W2297,"a culture in which less powerful members of organizations expect that power be distributed unequally")
cnt(W2298,"a culture in which people behave within a narrow range of groups, such as often appears in familism, collectivism, or personalized social relations")
cnt(W2299,"a culture of bacteria used to initiate a particular fermentation used generally in modern commercial manufacture of fermented foods (e.g. yoghurt, cheese).")
cnt(W2300,"a culture of cells/micro-organisms derived from one ampoule of the master cell bank and used to initiate the production batch.")
cnt(W2301,"A culture of microorganisms consisting of only one species, i.e. a monoculture.")
cnt(W2302,"A culture technique that starts with a small inoculum of cells that increase exponentially and then are completely harvested.")
cnt(W2303,"A culture technique where the turbidity of the solution is kept constant by the input of fresh medium.")
cnt(W2304,"A culture that does not totally deplete its resources, but which can maintain itself with its own resources.")
cnt(W2305,"a cumulative frequency curve that shows the percentage of time that specified discharges are equaled or exceeded.")
cnt(W2306,"a cumuliform cloud that produces precipitation.")
cnt(W2307,"A currency’s decline in exchange market value in a flexible exchange rate system.")
cnt(W2308,"A current in a large body of water that is accelerated by the balance between a pressure gradient and the turning effect that results from the earth’s rotation.")
cnt(W2309,"A current is made to flow in a gas, which results in a breakdown (ionization) of the neutral particles and a voltage that is nearly independent of the current.")
cnt(W2310,"A current that flows generally poleward, parallel to a continental coastline.")
cnt(W2311,"A currently popular concept which refers to an allegedly new mode of scientific knowledge production, marked by transdisciplinarity, heterogeneity, organizational heteronomy and transience, social accountability and reflexivity, and quality control which emphasizes context and use dependence. Its crucial feature is the amalgamation of scientific knowledge production with some local and specific context of application.")
cnt(W2312,"a curriculum planned and structured to ensure that learners return to key concepts and activities at regular intervals to extend their understanding and consolidate previous learning.")
cnt(W2313,"A curtain which is installed transversely in the surface layer of a reservoir to control the flow of the reservoir. It is a pollution control membrane hung from a float resembling a log boom placed on the surface of the water.")
cnt(W2314,"A curve drawn on a surface of a cylinder such that the distance between two points on the curve as measured along the cylinder axis is proportional to the rotation about the axis that is needed to travel from one point to the other. Many biologically active molecules adopt helical structures, either along their whole length such as collagen and DNA, or in local regions as often found in folded proteins.")
cnt(W2316,"A curve or line within a region.")
cnt(W2317,"A curve relating stress to rate of shear (i.e., rheogram).")
cnt(W2318,"A curve showing the probability of a correct response as a function of the trait being measured. A description of the relationship between the continuum of variation on the latent variable and the probability of selecting the keyed (i.e. correct) response.")
cnt(W2319,"A curve showing the sequential increment of detected species as the number of sampling occasions increases.")
cnt(W2320,"A curve that plots the reduction in unit manufacturing cost of a given product, typically as a function of accumulated production. Similar to a progress ratio, but typically at the industry level rather than the individual firm level.")
cnt(W2321,"A curve which shows the demand for energy in each hour of the year. A flat curve means that energy use is the same in each hour while a pointed curve implies a significant peak period. Some types of supply technologies may be more economic for meeting peak demand while others may be preferred for baseload.")
cnt(W2322,"A curve, equation, or table, that expresses the relation between the stage and the discharge in rivers at a given cross-section.")
cnt(W2323,"A curved airflow (wind) in the atmosphere around an atmospheric pressure center resulting from a budget between pressure-gradient force, Coriolis force, and centrifugal force.")
cnt(W2326,"A curvilinear volcanic belt that stretches from near the Kamchatka Peninsula across southern Alaska into the Yukon Territory, Canada. It forms in response to subduction of the Pacific plate underneath North America and the Bering Sea. It is part of the ""Ring of Fire"" around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.")
cnt(W2327,"A customs union that integrates Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay")
cnt(W2328,"A cut in the network having the minimum capacity.")
cnt(W2329,"A cut off wall of flexible concrete constructed in a trench cut through an embankment or the foundation.")
cnt(W2330,"A cycle that consists of four reversible thermodynamical processes to convert heat into work with maximum efficiency.")
cnt(W2331,"A cycle where all arcs are oriented in the same direction.")
cnt(W2332,"A cycles that passes through all the vertices.")
cnt(W2333,"A cyclic change of magnitude in electric field.")
cnt(W2334,"A cyclic five-membered ring of monosaccharides containing an oxygen atom.")
cnt(W2335,"A cyclical variation in solar activity with a period of ~11 years, measured by, for example, the number of sunspots. There is also a magnetic cycle of 22 years.")
cnt(W2336,"A cyclone in which energy for air movement is extracted from strong temperature differences between air masses (baroclinity). They develop at latitudes more than 30? north and south from the equator.")
cnt(W2337,"a cyclone with fixed dimensions related to the diameter of the cylindrical part, said to give efficient performance")
cnt(W2338,"A cylinder of vascular tissue in the roots and stems of plants.")
cnt(W2339,"A daily variation in Earth’s magnetic field arising from the Sun’s effect on the ionosphere.")
cnt(W2340,"A Dalton is the unit for the expression about the dimension of a molecule (MW; mw) , taking hydrogen (= 1 Da) as the simpler reference.")
cnt(W2341,"a dam above 15 m., and dams between 5 m and 15 m. impounding more than 3 million cubic meters.")
cnt(W2342,"A dam constructed across an estuary.")
cnt(W2343,"A dam constructed with both embankment and concrete portions.")
cnt(W2344,"a dam embanked with only earth material.")
cnt(W2345,"A dam is consisted with water stop panel supported buttress.")
cnt(W2346,"a dam or a lake used as a water supply.")
cnt(W2347,"a dam utilizing concrete compacted by roller.")
cnt(W2348,"A dark brown to black cementitious solid or semisolid in consistency, in which the predominant constituents are bitumens, which occur in nature as residue in the refining of petroleum. Petroleum asphalts are produced from crude oils by a variety of manufacturing methods.")
cnt(W2349,"A dark colored subsurface horizon which contains illuvial amorphous organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron, with a high pH-dependent charge, large surface area and high water retention.")
cnt(W2350,"A dark colored, extrusive igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium plagioclase and pyroxene. Extrusive equivalent of gabbro. See oceanic crust.")
cnt(W2351,"A dark grey sandstone, flecked with dark angular fragments of finer rock; formed by the hardening of deposits in ancient ocean basins; the major rock type of central New Zealand.")
cnt(W2352,"A dark silicate mineral of monoclinic and orthorhombic structures containing variable amount of calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, sodium oxides.")
cnt(W2354,"A dark-brown or black accumulation of semi-decomposed plant remains, e.g. mosses, sedges, trees, produced in a water-saturated environment such as a bog or fen.")
cnt(W2355,"A dark-colored ferro-magnesian mica.")
cnt(W2357,"A dark-coloured volcanic rock intermediate in composition between rhyolite and basalt; molten andesite flows slowly and eruptions usually feature both lave flows and tephra.")
cnt(W2358,"A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor occurring most commonly in the skin.")
cnt(W2359,"A data model specifies the constructs and the functionality that are supported by a DBMS.")
cnt(W2360,"A data model where geographic features are represented in a regular grid of cells.")
cnt(W2361,"A data model where geographic features are represented in the form of coordinates.")
cnt(W2362,"A data structure that allows fast access to data records. Database indices are organized into special file records which are stored together with the database data files. A database is thus said to have a data space and an index space, corresponding to the storage respectively occupied by data records and index records.")
cnt(W2363,"A data structure that describes a three-dimensional surface as a series of irregularly shaped triangle.")
cnt(W2364,"A data structure, organized as a matrix, where the rows correspond to the outcome categories of one variable and the columns to the outcome categories of another variable.")
cnt(W2365,"A data transmission technique using radio signals reflected off meteor trails.")
cnt(W2366,"A database containing organized factual data; these can be in the form of text, numbers, graphs, images, etc.")
cnt(W2367,"A database dealing with spatially referenced data. It is usually separated into a spatial component and a thematic component.")
cnt(W2368,"A database management system is a collection of programs that enables to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.")
cnt(W2369,"A database model that considers objects encapsulated in classes. With this paradigm, the only way to manipulate objects is through the methods associated with the classes. In other words, as with ADTs, the internal structure of the information is hidden to end users.")
cnt(W2370,"A database of annual toxic releases from certain manufacturers in the U.S. compiled from the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Section 313 reports. Manufacturers must report annually to EPA and the states the amounts of almost 350 toxic chemicals and 22 chemical categories that they release directly to air, water, or land, inject underground, or transfer to off-site facilities. EPA compiles these reports and makes the information available to the public under the ""Community Right-to-Know"" portion of the law.")
cnt(W2371,"A database query definable by a first-order formula built from atomic formulas, conjunctions, and existential quantification.")
cnt(W2372,"A database query language in which queries are expressed using the operations of Cartesian product, union, set-theoretic difference, projection, and selection applied to database relations.")
cnt(W2373,"A database query language that can express recursive queries using negation-free and function-free logic programs.")
cnt(W2374,"A database query language that is essentially the same as first-order logic.")
cnt(W2375,"A database with bibliographic descriptions, key words and abstracts; full text bibliographic databases store the whole document content.")
cnt(W2376,"A data-linking system of organizing and standardizing information on the Internet.")
cnt(W2377,"A data-transformation that standardizes a data set.")
cnt(W2378,"A DBMS able to handle spatial data types. Specific methods are considered in particular for modeling and storing spatial information as well as for querying and displaying it. A spatial DBMS is the kernel of a GIS.")
cnt(W2379,"a DBMS that handles spatial data changing over time.")
cnt(W2380,"a deadly disease of the intestinal tract.")
cnt(W2381,"A debt instrument.")
cnt(W2382,"a decay of a chemical junction into ions.")
cnt(W2383,"A decile is one tenth of the population. The bottom decile of the population ranked by income is the poorest ten percent of the population.")
cnt(W2384,"A decision at an early time that is influential in determining how a later decision in a similar case should be made.")
cnt(W2386,"A decision maker can cause the conflict to go from state k to q but not from q to k. In this decision maker’s directed graph there would be an arc joining state k to q with an arrowhead pointing in the direction of q.")
cnt(W2387,"A decision maker can cause the conflict to move from state k to q and also from q to k. In this decision maker’s directed graph, arcs joining these two states would have arrowheads to indicate movement in both directions.")
cnt(W2389,"A decision problem for which a “good” algorithm exists, where “good” algorithm means that the running time of the algorithm is bounded by some polynomial in the size of the input.")
cnt(W2390,"A decision problem for which no “good” algorithm exists, where “good” algorithm means that the running time of the algorithm is bounded by some polynomial in the size of the input.")
cnt(W2391,"A decision problem for which no algorithm exists (also called, unsolvable problem).")
cnt(W2392,"A decision problem formulated to find a best alternative.")
cnt(W2393,"A decision problem formulated to find a separation of the feasible set.")
cnt(W2394,"A decision problem formulated to rank the alternatives of the feasible set.")
cnt(W2395,"A decision problem in NP such that every problem in NP can be reduced to it via a many-one reduction computable in polynomial time.")
cnt(W2396,"A decision problem in P such that every problem in P can be reduced to it via a many-one reduction computable in logarithmic space.")
cnt(W2397,"A decision problem in which a decision maker must select the most desirable alternative for solving a problem or rank alternatives according to his or her preferences when each alternative is evaluated according to both quantitative and nonquantitative criteria (see Table 2 in Section 2.1 for deciding which car to buy). MODM is also commonly referred to as multiple criteria decision analysis and multiple criterion decision making.")
cnt(W2398,"A decision processes involving a sequence of decisions.")
cnt(W2399,"a decision rule according to which a decision is taken in the problem of testing hypotheses.")
cnt(W2400,"A decision rule or stability definition designed to reflect a decision maker’s behavior pattern under conflict.")
cnt(W2401,"A decision support system (user-friendly computer program) for supporting decisions made in negotiations.")
cnt(W2402,"A decision support system developed with a database that has a spatial dimension, or for situations in which the solution space of a problem has a spatial dimension.")
cnt(W2403,"A decision support system is designed to provide decision makers with a system to think with. DSSs are explicitly designed to: address ill-structured problems (where the decision maker’s objectives and the problem itself cannot be fully or precisely defined); have a powerful and easy to use interface; combine data and analytical models in flexible ways; help users to explore the solution space (the options open to them); support different decision-making styles, including the rapid assimilation of new capabilities in response to changing user needs; and support a process of problem-solving that is both interactive and recursive.")
cnt(W2404,"A decision support system that captures and utilizes an expert's knowledge and decision making logic.")
cnt(W2405,"A decision support system that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative techniques.")
cnt(W2406,"A decision tree consisting of at least one AND/OR node.")
cnt(W2408,"A decision tree that possesses only AND nodes.")
cnt(W2410,"A decision tree that possesses only OR nodes.")
cnt(W2412,"A decision which always carries to a fulfillment of a goal better than some level of tolerance.")
cnt(W2413,"A decision which carries, in some conditions, to the better fulfillment of a goal. According to these conditions, there are different types of optimallity.")
cnt(W2414,"A decision-making approach involving public, stakeholders, and decision makers, with the public playing a major role.")
cnt(W2415,"a decision-making process in which the objectives, alternative management approaches, and consequences of the alternatives are developed and presented iteratively between the decision makers and the analysts until the decision maker feels knowledgeable enough about the consequences to make a decision.")
cnt(W2416,"A decision-making strategy repeating four micro-steps fundamental to human information processing, including gathering, organizing, selecting, and reflecting on information, at each major (macro) step suitable for a decision problem at hand.")
cnt(W2417,"A decision-oriented disciplined inquiry that aims at the construction of a model that is an abstract representation of a future system.")
cnt(W2418,"A declarative programming language has its basis in a formal model with nice properties (such as mathematical functions in functional programming or Horn clauses in logic programming) rather than in a model of the underlying machine.")
cnt(W2419,"A decomposition pressure-temperature diagram on which a transfer direction of hydrogen in a metal hydride heat pump, and a relation between the pressure and the temperature at that time are shown.")
cnt(W2420,"A decorative panel product made with stone chips etc. embedded in cement and plastic resin, often used for kitchen tops.")
cnt(W2421,"A decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water.")
cnt(W2422,"A decrease in hydriding capacity; two kinds of degradation is existing, intrinsic degradation due to changes in crystal structure and extrinsic degradation cause by contamination of impurities in hydrogen.")
cnt(W2423,"A decrease in seismic-signal amplitude as waves propagate. Attenuation is caused by geometrical spreading of seismic-wave energy and by the scattering of seismic energy in different directions. The attenuation parameter, Q, is used in modeling.")
cnt(W2424,"A decrease in the amount and duration of a response or reaction, as an effect of the monotonous repetition of a stimulus or environmental change. The same effect produced by very small (almost imperceptible) changes of the stimulus intensity.")
cnt(W2425,"A decrease in the amount of switched charge with increasing polarization reversals, which will make the two polarization states indistinguishable after a large number of operation cycles.")
cnt(W2426,"a decrease in the density of bone, without atraumatic fracture")
cnt(W2428,"a decrease in the metabolic rhythm exhibited by certain organisms. It often implies a slow response to external stimuli.")
cnt(W2429,"a decrease in the number of platelets")
cnt(W2431,"A decrease in voltage to 0.1 and 0.9 times the nominal voltage for durations of 0.5 cycles to 1 minute.")
cnt(W2432,"A decrease of apparent viscosity under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual recovery when the stress or shear rate is removed. The effect is time-dependent.")
cnt(W2433,"A dedicated distance education institution, which offers multi-media courses through radio, TV, print, audio-visual materials and computer software. In February 1978, Deng Xiaoping approved the report on setting-up the TV school submitted by the former Education Ministry and the Central Broadcast Bureau, and at the national conference on education held in April 1978 he once more pointed out: ""Measures to speedily develop modern educational media such as TV and should be formulated, as quickly as possible"". After intense preparation, the China Central Radio & TV University (CCRTVU), together with twenty-eight Provincial TV Universities (PRTVU), were established in February 1979.")
cnt(W2434,"A deductive set consisting of a set of reflexivity axioms and two rules of inference (augmentation rule and transitivity rule) for reasoning about functional dependencies in databases.")
cnt(W2435,"a deductive, top-down method of analyzing system design and performance.")
cnt(W2436,"A deep and ""irrepresentable"" layer of the collective unconscious, the seat and root of the physiological mechanisms in which behavior patterns linked, in their turn, to archetypal structures originate.")
cnt(W2437,"A deep gorge on the sea floor, mainly on the continental shelf edge and the continental slope, which serves as a channel of sediment transportation from the continental shelf to the deep ocean floor.")
cnt(W2438,"A deep pump room adjacent to a wet well.")
cnt(W2439,"A deep valley along the crest of a mid-ocean ridge formed by opening of the sea floor which is caused by the tensional force due to the sea-floor spreading. The rift valley is the spreading center of the sea floor.")
cnt(W2440,"A deep-bed water filtration unit with synthetic buoyant filter medium")
cnt(W2441,"a deeply influential theory of phonology concerned with the hierarchical organization of distinctive features on their autonomous tier.")
cnt(W2442,"A defect found in welds where the weld has failed to fuse with the parent material.")
cnt(W2443,"A defect in a useful material, product or structure that adversely affects its ability to fulfil its intended function. Cracks, pores and inclusions are examples of structural defects.")
cnt(W2444,"A defense to a criminal charge that may prevent the state from convicting a defendant even though all elements of the offense are proven beyond a reasonable doubt.")
cnt(W2445,"A defined area on an airfield to load or unload passengers, mail, or cargo, fuel, park or maintain aircraft.")
cnt(W2446,"A defined area where aircraft can be held or bypassed for efficient movement.")
cnt(W2447,"a defined form, limited by geological structures. In the Pantanal case it is a basin (depression) bounded by fractures of older rocks, on top of which sediments were built up.")
cnt(W2448,"A defined path (for aircraft taxiing) that links parts of the airfield.")
cnt(W2449,"A defined rectangular area on a airfield for the landing and takeoff.")
cnt(W2450,"A definite stage and component in the development of all-world culture characterized by an acute, deep and all-out understanding of the paramount importance of environmental problems in today's life and the future of mankind.")
cnt(W2451,"A definition of moral principles that are considered to be shared ideals or goals to strive for by all archaeologists. Codes of archaeological ethics are intended as beacons for behavior and are thus not eternal and universal values.")
cnt(W2452,"A definition of stress associated with the deformed configuration.")
cnt(W2453,"A deformation in which at least part is non-recoverable.")
cnt(W2454,"A deformation, which accumulates with time.")
cnt(W2455,"A deformation, which disappears instantaneously once the forces, which cause it are removed.")
cnt(W2456,"A deformation, which is not recovered upon unloading and is therefore permanent.")
cnt(W2457,"A degradation in effective hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity in cycling.")
cnt(W2459,"A degraded form of ferritin used for iron storage")
cnt(W2460,"A degree of belief in the occurrence of a certain event.")
cnt(W2461,"A degree-granting institution of higher education; but particularly in the context of knowledge production, an institution that engages in research and research training.")
cnt(W2462,"A deliberate and relatively organized movement, often formed to change social systems.")
cnt(W2463,"A deliberate movement of wild animals from one part of their range to a different location.")
cnt(W2465,"A delta the shoreline of which protrudes seaward near the river mouth.")
cnt(W2466,"A delta the shoreline of which shows an arc or a part of an arc.")
cnt(W2467,"A demand driven process of satisfying a water need be it for energy, irrigation, domestic water supply or even flood control which is developed to serve a single objective and relying on construction technology as the means of evaluation.")
cnt(W2468,"A demand management practice whereby water is saved by more resource-conserving application methods (e.g. drip irrigation or water-saving household appliances).")
cnt(W2469,"A demand management practice whereby water resources are diverted to the type of production giving the highest economic returns (to higher-value crops in agriculture, and to industry and cities in competition with agriculture).")
cnt(W2470,"A democracy that is completed in a more perfect mood, because it involves a concept of morality in the behavior of the community and its members, and not only legality.")
cnt(W2471,"A dense current consisting of a mixture of sediment and water, flowing generally along the slopes of marine or lacustrine basins, and producing a characteristic association of clastic lithologies referred to as turbidite.")
cnt(W2473,"A density current, generally a highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flanks of volcano or along the surface of the ground: produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic crater.")
cnt(W2476,"A dependence of interserial correlation coefficients versus the distance between the centers of watersheds gravity.")
cnt(W2477,"A dependent variable.")
cnt(W2479,"A deposit formed by flowing or intrusion of lava or magma into water, ice, or water-saturated sediment prone consequent granulation or shattering into small angular fragments.")
cnt(W2481,"A deposit ice (white or opaque) formed by rapid freezing of super-cooled water droplets on exposed objects. It is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter and softer than glaze. Two types of rime are distinguished:soft and hard.")
cnt(W2482,"A deposit of fat circulating in the blood stream on the inner lining of arteries. These fats produce a yellow swelling on the arterial lining which is characteristic of the pathological condition known as athero-sclerosis.")
cnt(W2483,"A deposit of heavy minerals, such as gold and tin, in pure form in a stream bed.")
cnt(W2484,"A deposit of ice on the surface of the ground, ice or exposed structures produced by the freezing of periodically flowing natural or industrial waters.")
cnt(W2485,"A deposit of ice, which generally assumes the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans, and which forms on objects whose surface is sufficiently cooled, usually by a nocturnal radiation, to bring about the direct sublimation of the water vapor contained in the ambient air.")
cnt(W2486,"A deposit of sand found on the estuary side of an inlet and usually formed by tidal currents")
cnt(W2487,"A deposit of sand found on the seaward side of an inlet and usually formed by tidal currents")
cnt(W2488,"a depressed body is flattened dorsoventrally.")
cnt(W2489,"A depressed section of a gravity flow conduit used to cross a valley, river, or swale that would otherwise have to be bridged.")
cnt(W2490,"A depression in a limestone terrain that is formed by dissolution of the limestone, and into which a stream often runs.")
cnt(W2491,"A depression like a crater formed as a result of the strong explosive eruption.")
cnt(W2492,"A depression of the potentiometric surface in the shape of an inverted cone that develops around a well which is being pumped.")
cnt(W2493,"A depression, often conical in shape, formed at the surface because of subsidence, for example, by void migration or shaft collapse.")
cnt(W2494,"A depth- or width-averaged representation (of a flow process) in both the other lateral and the longitudinal directions.")
cnt(W2495,"a derivative of inter-molecular forces at the interface of two media.")
cnt(W2496,"A derived state of a character, but which is found in only a single taxon in the data set.")
cnt(W2497,"A desalination plant.")
cnt(W2498,"A desalination process utilizing an impressed voltage to separate saline ions.")
cnt(W2499,"A desalination process utilizing membranes subjected to very high counter-osmotic pressures.")
cnt(W2500,"A description is proximate if it describes the expected immediate physiological or other response to a sensory cue (or other type of information)")
cnt(W2501,"A description is ultimate if it describes the costs and benefits of a response to a sensory cue (or other type of information) in terms of its contribution to the evolutionary fitness of the organism")
cnt(W2502,"a description of a behavior in terms familiar to the observer; the outsider view.")
cnt(W2503,"A description of a research design used during an archaeological project.")
cnt(W2504,"A description of all aspects of the environment relevant to a decision maker.")
cnt(W2505,"A description of an institution or process that is given direction by following the results of research.")
cnt(W2506,"a description of behavior in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; the insider view.")
cnt(W2507,"A description of connection to the Internet.")
cnt(W2509,"A description of material property that is invariant to all directions.")
cnt(W2510,"A description of spatial dependence, primarily for intrinsically stationary spatial processes.")
cnt(W2512,"A description of the property of a system where the outcome of a motion is highly unpredictable due to a great sensitivity on the initial conditions.")
cnt(W2514,"A description, a representation of the outcome of design, organized as a model to the new system and its environment.")
cnt(W2515,"a description, often mathematical, of how human or biological populations change over time.")
cnt(W2516,"A descriptive method in which untrained or minimally trained panelists evaluate products using their own individual set of descriptors.")
cnt(W2517,"A descriptive process carried out following analyses of the job of the qualities actually required of a worker for the realization of a determined job, and of the conditions in which they are achieved. The job description is aimed at different uses. Among the most common are selection, employment, orientation, training, merit ratings, job evaluations.")
cnt(W2518,"a descriptive term referring to sedimentary structures which develop in mobile sediments on a river bed. The most well known are ‘ripples’ and ‘dunes’.")
cnt(W2519,"A design discipline concerned with building accessibility, broadly defined to include people of differing ages, genders, body types and physical abilities, as opposed to a historically more narrow focus on wheelchair accessibility and accommodation of visual impairments.")
cnt(W2520,"A design or study approach involving many technical and/or scientific disciplines. It is opposed to ‘inter-disciplinary’ in that it does not require that the various entities actually cooperate or professionally interact.")
cnt(W2521,"A design procedure where the required performance of structures is explicitly decided and the damage level of structures and their elements are controlled to satisfy the required performance.")
cnt(W2522,"A design that focuses on eco-efficiency, i.e. the simultaneous optimization with regard to economic and environmental efficiency within the context of an industrial (""river"") economy. Sufficiency strategies are not considered.")
cnt(W2523,"A designated area for civilians to receive humanitarian relief and, in theory, protection by external actors.")
cnt(W2524,"A designation given to those states that are not only predominant in the system in terms of their material resources and power, but also, by virtue of their position, have a special responsibility to behave in ways that preserve the stability of the system.")
cnt(W2525,"a designation under the US Endangered Species Act and other national endangered species laws for species that are at risk of becoming endangered and so meriting protection.")
cnt(W2526,"a desired order of jobs (processes, tasks, programs) execution.")
cnt(W2527,"A destructive rotatory storm appearing as a whirling, advancing funnel extending downward from cloud.")
cnt(W2528,"A detailed description of the population units that compose the population.")
cnt(W2529,"A detailed plan, which states the aggregates and items of government spending and revenue projected for the forthcoming financial year, with similar data for the present and previous financial years, and which requires the consent of and is enacted by the legislature.")
cnt(W2530,"a detailed program of preventive health practice with often consecutive medical infections in hospitals or clinics, which starts at birth and lasts to about age 10")
cnt(W2531,"a detailed statement of the likely environmental consequences of development projects. Under the National Environmental Policy Act, this refers to a document prepared according to a designated form and with specific requirements.")
cnt(W2532,"A detailed written procedure for a field and/or laboratory operation (e.g., sampling, analysis).")
cnt(W2533,"A detailed, systematic treatment of an entire genus or family.")
cnt(W2534,"a detector that compares the variation in heat conductivity of a gas stream to that of a reference stream of pure carrier gas.")
cnt(W2535,"A detergent that decreases the surface tension of water drops and thereby increases the area of contact between the solution and the leaves.")
cnt(W2536,"A determination of inhomogeneities in the mantle by measuring slight differences in the frequencies and velocities of seismic waves.")
cnt(W2537,"A determination that there is probable cause to believe that a suspect committed a crime.")
cnt(W2538,"A determinist system is predictable : this was defended by Laplace in his meeting with Napoleon : “God is not necessary : for me to know when and where an object is, it is enough to know the solution to the differential equation system”.")
cnt(W2539,"A deterministic aperiodic pattern highly sensitive to initial conditions that shows expansion of phase space volume (diversification), novelty (less recurrence than random copies), and nonrandom complexity. Bios exemplifies creative processes.")
cnt(W2541,"A deterministic or stochastic relation between a cause and the corresponding response.")
cnt(W2542,"A detrital sedimentary rock dominated by particles of sand size, with or without finer matrix.")
cnt(W2543,"A detrital sedimentary rock in which the proportions of clay and silt are approximately equal, lacking fine lamination.")
cnt(W2544,"A developed country is one that has high per capita GDP and has already realized industrialization. Such countries are sometimes referred to as “the north” or “northern countries” because most, but not all, of them are situated north of the equator.")
cnt(W2545,"A developed or proposed long- or short-term plan of activities for a forest region.")
cnt(W2546,"A developed stage of technical capability at a given time regarding products, processes, and services, based on the relevant consolidated findings of science, technology, and experience.")
cnt(W2547,"A developed version of TSI resulting, it is claimed, from a postmodern critique of TSI.")
cnt(W2548,"A developing country is generally one that has rid itself of colonial rule and become politically independent since World War II. Such countries are sometimes referred to as “the south” or “southern countries” because most, but not all, of them are situated south of the equator.")
cnt(W2549,"a development process that incorporates all-encompassing aspects of human beings at every stage of life.")
cnt(W2551,"A deviation from the zonal distribution (zonality) of hydrometeorological characteristics connected, as a rule, with the specific factors of the underlying surface.")
cnt(W2552,"A deviation to the norm of both languages which occurs in the speech of a bilingual speaker.")
cnt(W2553,"A device built into a dam or channel for draining or regulating the flow of water.")
cnt(W2554,"A device by which a liquid, solid, or gaseous sample is introduced into the mobile phase.")
cnt(W2555,"A device consisting of a plate with a machined circular sharp-edged hole inserted concentrically in a pipe between flanges, and used for creating a constriction resulting in a pressure differential across the orifice plate.")
cnt(W2556,"A device designed to deliver the mobile phase at a controlled flow-rate to the separation system. Pumps are generally used in liquid chromatography.")
cnt(W2557,"A device designed to measure some properties of a particle.")
cnt(W2558,"A device designed to select a narrow band of wavelengths out of the emission spectrum of the synchrotron. At visible or ultraviolet wavelengths this could be a ruled grating. At conventional x-ray wavelengths two successive Bragg reflections (see Bragg’s law) from identical parallel crystals allow the beam to be monochromated and emerge parallel to the incident beam direction.")
cnt(W2559,"A device employed by statisticians to avoid biased conclusions in experimental sciences from known or unknown sources.")
cnt(W2560,"A device for artificially extending the length of the human arm such that greater velocity can be imparted to a spear. Also called ""atl-atl.""")
cnt(W2561,"A device for converting a physical quantity, e.g., pressure, into an electrical signal")
cnt(W2562,"A device for distance measurement by indirectly measuring the time it takes electromagnetic signal to travel from one point to another and return.")
cnt(W2563,"A device for draining and regulating the water level of a pond.")
cnt(W2566,"A device for measuring roots in the field. An optical device, such as a video camera, is inserted into a transparent tube so that contact of roots with the tube can be counted, and a measure of density be obtained.")
cnt(W2567,"A device for measuring temperature, consisting of two adjoining wires composed of different metals or alloys, which respond to heat with electric tension.")
cnt(W2568,"a device for measuring the soil-water matrix potential in situ. It contains a porous ceramic cup connected through a water-filled tube to a manometer;vacuum gauge of pressure measuring device")
cnt(W2569,"A device for recording and storing data at preset time intervals.")
cnt(W2570,"a device for removing material or air from the flow")
cnt(W2571,"A device for time measurement and/or time display.")
cnt(W2572,"A device for transporting fluids using a rapidly rotating shape called an impeller within a casing. Fluids enter near the axis of the impeller and exit from the periphery of the casing, having been accelerated by the motion of the impeller. For a given impeller and casing at a given rotational rate, outlet pressure decreases as flow rate increases; this relation is shown on a head curve.")
cnt(W2573,"A device in high hydrostatic pressure equipment that intensifies the process liquid pressure using a large diameter low-pressure piston to drive a small diameter high-pressure piston. The ratio of intensification is directly proportional to the ratio of the area of the large diameter piston divided by the area of the small diameter piston. A ratio of 20:1 is commonly used in HHP equipment.")
cnt(W2574,"A device in which a fission chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled.")
cnt(W2575,"A device in which a jet, by entering a nozzle followed by an expanding section, creates a partial vacuum in the nozzle.")
cnt(W2577,"A device in which a liquid (usually water) looses a portion of its total head, and confers the equivalent energy to a rotor, which then drives a mechanical shaft.")
cnt(W2579,"A device in which air is mixed with a fuel and the mixture is then properly ignited. The resulting oxidization reactions of the fuel molecules (the net sum of which constitutes the higher heating value of that fuel) provide the energy necessary to raise the temperature of the air/combustion products mixture to very high temperatures (1700–2500°C, depending on fuel and fuel/air ratio). (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2580,"A device in which an optical fiber is used to transduce a change in an external physical or chemical parameter into a change in the properties of the light guided within the fiber.")
cnt(W2581,"A device in which hydrogen and oxygen combine without combustion to produce electricity in the presence of a catalyst.")
cnt(W2582,"A device inserted in a pipeline to improve the flow direction parallel to the axis.")
cnt(W2583,"A device inserted into a freshly poured mix, or attached to steel form-work to ensure proper densification of the concrete before setting.")
cnt(W2584,"A device of deciding on accepting or rejecting (alarm) a process by online sampling. Special types of control charts are CA (combined adaptive) chart, FSD (fixed sampling distance) chart, FSS ( fixed sample size) chart, VSD (variable sampling distance) chart, VSS(variable sample size) chart, CUSUM (cumulative sum) chart, FMA (finite moving average) charts, EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) chart. Performance indices of control charts are the ARL (average run length), i.e., the expected number of samples until a control chart signals an alarm, and the ATS (average time to signal), i.e., the expected time until a control chart signals an alarm.")
cnt(W2585,"A device of deciding on accepting or rejecting a lot by sampling inspection. CR   (consumer’s risk), LTPD (lot tolerance percent defective), PR (producer’s risk), AQL (acceptable quality limit) are design parameters of sampling plans.")
cnt(W2586,"A device or a structure, capable of stabilization of wind power device or fixing it against wind drift.")
cnt(W2588,"A device or a system acting upon the controlled system so it behaves in a desired manner, such as an inverter firing pulse controller.")
cnt(W2592,"A device or system to store heat in water that utilizes the energy of the sun.")
cnt(W2593,"A device orbiting the earth that iis capable of both sending and receiving television signals")
cnt(W2595,"A device that absorbs solar radiation on a flat surface without concentrating it to heat a medium, commonly water or air.")
cnt(W2596,"A device that allows for matching between motor speed and the requirements of a given application.")
cnt(W2597,"A device that allows for matching between motor speed and the requirements of a given application.")
cnt(W2598,"A device that consumes electrical energy, converting it into another useful form. For electrical load, the load voltage is the potential difference across the load, and the current passing through it is given by the ratio of the load voltage and impedance (Z) of the load.")
cnt(W2599,"A device that converts another type of energy into electrical energy. The power output of a generator is measured by the magnitude of current leaving, and its potential difference to ground voltage.")
cnt(W2600,"A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are DC motors, AC motors and special types of motor.")
cnt(W2603,"A device that converts flow rate and time to total volume.")
cnt(W2604,"A device that converts mechanical energy of a rotating shaft (produced by an engine or a turbine) into electricity.")
cnt(W2606,"A device that converts solar energy directly into electricity. Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect to generate a voltage when sunlight is the source of ionizing radiation.")
cnt(W2607,"A device that detects a signal that characterizes any physical process (pressure, temperature, electric or magnetic field etc.).")
cnt(W2608,"A device that enables an input signal to control power from a source independent of the signal and therefore is able to deliver an output signal which bears some relationship to, and is generally greater than, the input signal.")
cnt(W2609,"A device that examines an area or region point by point in a continuous systematic manner, repeatedly sweeping across until the entire area or region is covered.")
cnt(W2610,"A device that gives out electromagnetic radiation from a transmitter and receives and measures electromagnetic radiation backscatter.")
cnt(W2612,"A device that measures the altitude of an aircraft or satellite above the surface using the travel time of a laser beam.")
cnt(W2614,"A device that produces coherent radiation through the interaction of the electron beam in an undulator magnet with its own electromagnetic field. These devices are under development as future (“fourth generation”) sources. (See Undulator.)")
cnt(W2615,"A device that produces electricity directly from chemical reactions in a galvanic cell wherein the reactants are replenished.")
cnt(W2616,"A device that records fluctuations in water levels over time.")
cnt(W2617,"A device that removes particles from a gas stream (smoke) after combustion occurs. The ESP imparts an electrical charge to the particles, causing them to adhere to metal plates inside the precipitator. Rapping on the plates causes the particles to fall into a hopper for disposal.")
cnt(W2618,"A device that senses the terminal voltage and adjusts the field excitation so that the terminal voltage is maintained at the specified value. For a grid-connected synchronous machine, the AVR is used for reactive power control and to improve stability.")
cnt(W2619,"a device that separates a mixture of light into various wavelengths")
cnt(W2620,"A device that subjects materials placed inside it to moist heat (121°C) and pressure for preset periods. Used to render materials sterile.")
cnt(W2621,"A device that transfers heat from a cooler object to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process.")
cnt(W2622,"A device that uses centrifugal force to remove large particles from polluted air.")
cnt(W2623,"A device that uses the principle of amplification of electromagnetic waves by stimulated emission of radiation and operates in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet region.")
cnt(W2625,"a device that uses the thermal expansion of a gas to measure temperature.")
cnt(W2626,"A device through which a hot pressurized gas is expanded to yield shaft power. (See article AI in Process Design)")
cnt(W2627,"A device through which a hot pressurized vapor (usually water steam) is expanded to yield shaft power. (See articles AI in Process Design and AI in Component Design.)")
cnt(W2628,"A device to convert wave power into other types of energy, suitable for human needs.")
cnt(W2629,"A device to convert wave power into other types of energy, suitable for human needs.")
cnt(W2632,"A device to enable a sample to be positioned precisely in relation to the geometry of illumination and viewing.")
cnt(W2634,"A device to transfer heat from one medium to another. The media are typically gas and liquid, used in any combination (i.e., gas-to-gas, liquid-to-liquid, or gas-to-liquid).")
cnt(W2636,"A device used for charging a battery by drawing electricity from a DC voltage source, normally incorporating some form of regulator to prevent damage from overcharging.")
cnt(W2637,"A device used for realization of the time unit continuously operating for the realization of the time scale in accordance with the definition of the second and with an appropriately chosen origin.")
cnt(W2639,"A device used to condense a flow of steam, subtracting its latent heat of condensation by means of a flow of water or air. The pressure and the temperature in the condenser are related by the equilibrium relations, because the condensed water is at the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature. (See article AI in Component Design.)")
cnt(W2640,"A device used to convert power of a working tool into end use power or power suitable for further conversion")
cnt(W2642,"A device used to demodulate a modulated signal.")
cnt(W2643,"A device used to discharge a bulk storage container in a controlled manner. Typical equipment for this purpose are screw feeders, belt conveyors, scraper type conveyors, vibratory feeders, table feeders, rotary valves and disc type feeders.")
cnt(W2644,"A device used to grow large amounts of bacteria in liquid culture. The device can generally hold more than 10 liters of liquid growth medium, has a heater to provide constant temperature, and has an agitator for aeration.")
cnt(W2645,"A device used to limit the voltage differences appearing in the equipment being protected. If the voltage across the surge arrestor reaches a pre-determined value the surge arrestor will breakdown to “clamp,” and hence limit, the voltage appearing to the equipment at a pre-determined value.")
cnt(W2646,"a device used to measure temperature.")
cnt(W2647,"A device used to pressurise the water coming from the Condenser so that it attains the same pressure required by the Boiler, plus friction losses. Usually a multi-stage centrifugal pump. In large Steam Plants, the Feedwater Pump is located immediately downstream (and underneath) of the Deaerator, and upstream of the high-pressure water Preheaters. ")
cnt(W2648,"A device used to pressurize a gas flow. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2650,"A device used to spread out the discharge to increase the mixing rate within the ambient. For example: a manifold with several discharge ports spread along its length.")
cnt(W2651,"A device used to thermally evaporate a flow of water, transforming it into steam, and then to superheat it, by means of heat transfer from a flame obtained by burning a proper fuel. In modern industrial boilers, the boiling water at high pressure (30–220 bars) flows through ""firewalls"" of tubes, welded together to increase the heat exchange surface. The superheated steam exits the boiler at 550–570° C. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2652,"A device used to transfer a certain amount of heat from a ""hot"" fluid to a ""cold"" one. This exchange can take place indirectly, through a metallic wall (shell-and-tube HE, cross-flow HE, compact HE, radiators, and so on), or by mixing (deaerators, attemperators). In the first case, the HE is said to be a contact HE; in the second case, a mixing HE. (See articles AI in Process Design and Expert Systems and Knowledge Acquisition.)")
cnt(W2654,"A device utilizing the delay between emitted and reflected sound impulses for charting the water depth from the either the surface or from the bed.")
cnt(W2655,"a device utilizing vortex action to remove sediment from a stream or flume")
cnt(W2656,"A device which accelerates charged atomic or subatomic particles to high energies.")
cnt(W2657,"A device which contains a catalyst, through which the exhaust flows.")
cnt(W2660,"A device, operating continuously, acting as an ignition source for hydrogen-fueled diesel engines.")
cnt(W2661,"A devise used to measure ground-water pressure head at a point in the subsurface.")
cnt(W2662,"A de-watered, reclaimed area lying below sea level, surrounded by an enclosing dike, and used for settlement.")
cnt(W2663,"A dextral strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates between Baja California, Mexico and the Mendocino Triple Junction in northern California.")
cnt(W2664,"A diagnostic technique in which cells or tissues on a slide are exposed to a solution that contains antigen-specific antibodies linked to a colored product (the stain). If antigen is present, the stained part of the cell or tissue can be visualized under the microscope.")
cnt(W2665,"A diagonal matrix with elements of vector (.) on the main diagonal")
cnt(W2666,"A diagram composed of pressure-composition isotherms")
cnt(W2667,"A diagram composed of pressure-composition isotherms for the metal-hydrogen system.")
cnt(W2668,"A diagram describing the state of a material at different temperatures and levels of plasticization by water.")
cnt(W2669,"A diagram in which rock or mineral samples are tested for isochroneity (contemporaneity); also, a straight line in that diagram, representing the age of contemporaneous samples")
cnt(W2670,"A diagram of a system, representing the units as connected by lines to each other and/or to the environment. Each line represents a stream of matter and/or energy.")
cnt(W2671,"A diagram of a system, which consists of the units and of lines connecting the units, which represent the relations between units or between the system and the environment, as they are established by the distribution of the unit functions.")
cnt(W2673,"A diagram of a thermal system, which consists of the components of the system and the streams of mater or energy connecting the components or the system with the environment.")
cnt(W2677,"A diagram showing the phylogenetic position of an organism relative to other organisms, based on DNA or protein sequence data.")
cnt(W2678,"A diagram showing the regions of existence of one or more phases as a function of pressure, temperature and composition.")
cnt(W2679,"a diagrammatic, non-parametric means of displaying the structure of a data distribution. In such a diagram (e.g. Figure 2), the central ""box"" contains the interquartile range of data, with a horizontal line marking the median. The ""whiskers"" show the extraquartile data, while squares and crosses show ""outlying"" data (defined by a statistical algorithm). The horizontal square parentheses mark the confidence interval on the median at the 95% level.")
cnt(W2680,"a dialect which comes to be codified in writing, and elevated over others which are structurally similar through privileged use and treatment in literacy-related institutions")
cnt(W2681,"A dialectic process of social interaction between similarities and differences arising from collective experiences.")
cnt(W2682,"a dialog is established between a decision-maker and a computer to find an acceptable compromise solution to a multiobjective or multicriterion problem- this corresponds to the presence of several conflicting objectives/criteria.")
cnt(W2683,"A dialogical process of engagement, negotiation, self-affirmation and validation between ‘Self and the social world.")
cnt(W2684,"A diesel fuel substitute derived from biologically-based fats, such as vegetable oils or beef tallow.")
cnt(W2685,"A difference in the distribution of isotopes of the same element in two chemical phases in mutual isotopic exchange. Isotopic fractionation takes place because the isotopes possess very slightly different physico-chemical characteristics due to their mass differences. Hence, isotopic fractionation is usually greater in light elements because the relative mass differences are greater.")
cnt(W2686,"A difference in values of a stochastic process between two time epochs. ?X (t) = X(t+?t) – X(t) represents the increment of stochastic process X over the time interval (t,t + ?t].")
cnt(W2688,"A differential equation in which some of the given functions are stochastic processes.")
cnt(W2689,"a differential-algebraic equation.")
cnt(W2690,"A difficult term to define. Descriptions such as complex information fail to distinguish between its codified (that is in formulas or patents or otherwise legally definable) and tacit (that is the informal manifestation in experiences, or culture) forms. Knowledge always has a social context in terms of its meaning, perceived value, and the interests it serves.")
cnt(W2691,"a diffluent glacier coming down to the sea; ice cliffs are formed as a result. The largest Eurasian ice caps are located in Iceland, Franz Josef Land, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya Island, Severnaya Zemlya Island, Bennett Island, Henriette Island, Jeannette Island, Victoria Island, Ushakov Island and Schmidt Island. The largest ice caps of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are on Baffin Land, Ellesmere Island, Devon Island, Axel–Heiberg, Melville Island, and Meighen Island.")
cnt(W2692,"A diffuse luminous light from dust particles concentrated in the ecliptics. It is visible only in the night sky. The brightness of the zodiacal light decreases with increasing distance from the Sun. Near the horizon at the end of twilight it is brighter than the brightest parts of the Milky Way.")
cnt(W2693,"a diffusible compound which accumulates in the surrounding medium during growth. When a critical concentration is reached, the molecule can induce gene expression. ")
cnt(W2695,"A digestive disorder of ruminants characterized by an excessive accumulation of gases in the rumen.")
cnt(W2696,"A digestive enzyme found in the small intestine that breaks proteins down into amino acids.")
cnt(W2697,"A digging tool with a sharp point at the end.")
cnt(W2698,"A digital camera with an on-board computer, also called as a intelligent camera.")
cnt(W2699,"a digital circuit that has three possible output states, namely 0, 1, and high-impedance. In the high-impedance state, the output is disabled and seems to be ""floating"" (that is, it does not affect and is not affected by any other signal applied to the corresponding terminal).")
cnt(W2700,"a digital compression method, allowing large audio files to be transmitted over the internet.")
cnt(W2701,"A digital representation (in raster format) of an orthoimage. An orthoimage is an aerial photograph or satellite image from which displacements caused by terrain relief and sensor tilt have been removed. The result combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.")
cnt(W2702,"A dilapidated shelter.")
cnt(W2703,"a dimension of national culture in which people from birth onwards are integrated into cohesive groups:  the opposite of individualism")
cnt(W2704,"a dimension of national culture in which the ties between individuals are loose: the opposite of collectivism")
cnt(W2705,"A dimensional expression of the electrical conductivity of a fluid.")
cnt(W2706,"a dimensionless expression equal to the velocity divided by the the product of the square root of the gravitational acceleration constant and the flow depth, Fr = v/    (gy).Fr = 1 for critical flow, where kinetic energy equals potential energy; and when less than 1 the flow is sub-critical, q.v., and when greater than 1 the flow is super-critical, q.v.")
cnt(W2707,"A dimensionless group of physical quantities, which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces. A high value represents turbulent flow conditions, while a low value implies that the flow is laminar or nearly laminar.")
cnt(W2708,"A dimensionless number that expresses a ratio between external and internal resistance to heat transfer in food.")
cnt(W2709,"A dimensionless number that relates the effectiveness of mass transport by advection to the effectiveness of mass transport by either dispersion or diffusion.")
cnt(W2710,"A dimensionless number which expresses the relative strength between the inertial force and viscous force of fluid.")
cnt(W2711,"A dimensionless number which governs stability of fluid with a temperature gradient imposed upon it")
cnt(W2712,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing closeness of runoff relation values:of two rivers, two slopes and rivers and slopes.")
cnt(W2713,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing river runoff variability with time. Numerically, it is equal to the ratio of the root-mean-square deviation to the average runoff for the time period in question.")
cnt(W2714,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing the runoff variability in time; it is equal numerically to the RMS deviation-to-the average runoff ratio over the time interval under consideration.")
cnt(W2715,"A dimensionless parameter that indicates the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in pipes.")
cnt(W2716,"A diminutive rectilinear agricultural plot outlined by water-retaining cobble margins used by the dry farming Native Americans of the U.S. southwest.")
cnt(W2717,"A Diophantine equation which, by choice of a parameter, will yield a definition of each Diophantine set.")
cnt(W2719,"A diphone is made up of two half-phonemes which together represent the transition between these two phonemes. For any given language, one needs about 2000 diphones to cover all possible phoneme transitions of that language.")
cnt(W2720,"A dipping zone of earthquake activity outlining the boundary of an oceanic plate subducting into the mantle.")
cnt(W2721,"a direct counting method in which only viable cells are counted. Viable counts can be accomplished by such techniques as: pour plating, spread plating, most probable number method.")
cnt(W2722,"A direct reaction means a fast reaction process. Only a small number of definite states of the target nucleus and/or of  the projectile is involved and gets excited or nucleons are transferred between the projectile and target.")
cnt(W2723,"A directed cycle of negative cost.")
cnt(W2725,"a directed graph with vertex set V and arc set E")
cnt(W2726,"A directed path between specified nodes having the minimum total cost.")
cnt(W2727,"A directed path between two specified nodes in which each arc has a positive residual capacity.")
cnt(W2728,"A directional change of vegetation and animal composition with time, excluding seasonal phenomena and fluctuations.")
cnt(W2729,"a directive is one of the binding acts which the Council and the Commission may adopt within the scope of secondary legislation. It shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each member state to which it is addressed, but shall leave the choice of form and methods to the national authorities.")
cnt(W2730,"A disabling force of informational technology that obscures reality.")
cnt(W2731,"A disaccharide, also known as malt sugar")
cnt(W2732,"A disaccharide, commonly known as cane-, beet-, or table sugar. It may be hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose")
cnt(W2733,"A disc, typically 20 cm in diameter with alternate white and black quadrants used to measure water transparency.")
cnt(W2734,"a discipline centered between tectonics and seismology to determine magnitude and timing of pre-historic earthquakes.")
cnt(W2735,"A discipline dealing with signs, symbols, and models and their meaningful interpretation.")
cnt(W2737,"A discipline for developing shared meaning among disparate groups of people; the art of thinking together; enables the emergence of genuine collective leadership; a leveler that can produce a deep shift in our understanding of the nature of power, that has the potential for transforming the power relationships between people, and that can transform repressive forms of hierarchy.")
cnt(W2739,"A discipline of geology dealing primarily with the chronological order and geographic distribution of rock layers (strata)")
cnt(W2740,"A discipline started by the British military in 1938 for scientifically studying realworld operational problems in a systematical manner. The Americans call the discipline Operations Research while many people simply refer to it as OR. Most formal models for decision making were developed in the field of OR.")
cnt(W2741,"A discipline studying the adverse effects of chemical compounds and environmental agents on human and animal health.")
cnt(W2744,"A discipline that focuses on the assessment and management of the social, economic and physical environmental conditions and human behaviors that promote, protect, or harm human health and well-being.")
cnt(W2745,"A discipline to study nutrient and food consumption patterns on disease occurrence.")
cnt(W2746,"A discipline to study the distributions and determinants of disease frequency in human population.")
cnt(W2747,"A discipline which mainly deals with the characteristics, origin, properties, and structure of minerals in coal.")
cnt(W2748,"A discipline with roots in industrial engineering and applied mathematics that attempts to model and rationalize the processes of many different organizations.")
cnt(W2750,"A discontinuity (usually an inclined plane) in the Earth’s crust.")
cnt(W2755,"A discontinuous genetic change that results in large phenotypic changes.")
cnt(W2756,"A discourse framework that provides a means of analyzing relations of domination and resistance within the changing political, economic and cultural landscapes of the modern world. They emphasize complexities and give voice to hybridized identities and border lives within the margins. Representing alternative realities in a plurality of narratives they seek to fracture universalist discourses of ‘truth’.")
cnt(W2757,"A discrete energy unit of light. Photons behave like waves or particles, depending on the experiment and observer.")
cnt(W2758,"A discrete place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water.")
cnt(W2760,"A discrete quantity of energy (or momentum, or angular momentum) in units that include the Planck          constant.")
cnt(W2761,"A discrete structure showing binary relations between elements of a set.  It can be drawn by using nodes to represent elements of the set and edges to represent the relations.")
cnt(W2762,"A discrete structure showing intersection property of geometric objects.")
cnt(W2764,"A disease caused by a bacterial spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinically there is a varied presentation, often fever, rash, and acute arthritis. Chronic sequella can occur. Usually the life cycle involves deer, deer mice, and ticks. Humans are accidental hosts when they come in contact with infected ticks in deer habitats. Because of predator–prey imbalances, deer populations are burgeoning in some parts of the world and human recreational activities frequently occur in areas heavily populated by deer, leading to an increase in the disease.")
cnt(W2765,"a disease caused by absence (or low activity) of lactose hydrolyzing enzyme in the digestive tract")
cnt(W2766,"A disease caused by an infectious organism, usually a microbe.")
cnt(W2767,"a disease caused by bacteria which live in lukewarm water and attack human respiratory organs")
cnt(W2768,"a disease caused by inadequate calcification of bones as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency")
cnt(W2770,"A disease due to nutritional deficiency of niacin.")
cnt(W2771,"A disease induced by parasitization by a rust fungus, characterized by periodic production of masses of orange-colored spores.")
cnt(W2774,"A disease producing microorganism.")
cnt(W2775,"A disease symptom characterized by rapid discoloration and death of all parts of a plant, e.g., chestnut blight.")
cnt(W2778,"A disease, usually caused by a fungus or nematode that interferes with water uptake or translocation, characterized by loss of rigidity or drooping of plant parts.")
cnt(W2779,"A disease, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food (including food), sometimes incorrectly referred to as ""food poisoning.""")
cnt(W2784,"A disease-causing microorganism.")
cnt(W2787,"A disinfection by-product generated in the course of reaction between humic substances and chlorine.")
cnt(W2789,"a disinfection process that reduces the potential of infectious disease.")
cnt(W2791,"A disk structure found around a young star. Planetary systems are formed from such disks. The solar nebula is one of such disks formed around the sun.")
cnt(W2792,"A disparity between a child's current desire and the desires of the child's parents where the desires of the parents are in relation to the socialization of the child.")
cnt(W2793,"A dispersion characteristic presents a numerical measure of the amount of spread of a random variable around some central point in its range.")
cnt(W2794,"A dispersion of particles or droplets having a distribution of sizes.")
cnt(W2795,"A dispersion of very fine grained (colloidal) matter [sol] is destabilized to yield a semi-rigid jellylike mixture [gel], from which powders, fibers, coatings, and so on can be won upon further processing involving a heating process.")
cnt(W2796,"A displaced fragment presumably from Mexico now exposed in Central America (Guatemala and Honduras). It has a pre-Carboniferous basement that may be as old as Precambrian or Cambrian and is overlain by a sedimentary succession.")
cnt(W2797,"A display of spatial distribution of crop yield, in form of a map, provided by combine harvesters equipped with GPS and yield monitors measuring harvested weights.")
cnt(W2798,"a disposal site for wastes. Advanced waste management and landfill concepts limit the range of acceptable wastes to non-reactive, immobilized and/or inorganic wastes.")
cnt(W2799,"a dispute resolution mechanism where, after a hearing at which all parties have had the opportunity to be heard, a neutral third party renders a binding or non-binding decision")
cnt(W2802,"a dispute-resolution procedure by which an individual, the mediator, assists the disputants at identifying and attaining a mutually satisfactory outcome")
cnt(W2804,"A disruption of the oceanatmosphere system in the tropical Pacific with important consequences for weather around the globe. Unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific characterize it. El Nio has caused large changes in biomass of several important fish stocks in particular the Pacific anchoveta. More information on El Nio is available at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/el-nino-story.html.")
cnt(W2805,"A distance or region around an environmental discharge where a prescribed elevated water temperature or pollutant concentration may exist. The size and limits are usually determined by regulatory agencies. For example: within a radial distance of 100 m from the discharge port, the water temperature can be 0.5 C higher than the ambient.")
cnt(W2806,"A distant relative of the horse and rhinoceros, the tapir is the largest Holocene game animal in South America. Tapirs are solitary rainforest animals, often found near streams and rivers.")
cnt(W2807,"A distillation or evaporation unit")
cnt(W2808,"A distinct family of fungal proteins defined on the basis of similarities in their amino acid sequences and immunological effects.")
cnt(W2809,"a distinct rise in stage, culminating in a crest and followed by recession to lower stages.")
cnt(W2810,"A distinct self-reproducing unit of individuals with little exchange of individuals and genetic information with other populations of the same species. A spatial closure of the life cycle in relation to ocean circulation is a prerequisite for establishing and maintaining a population.")
cnt(W2811,"A distinct, discrete place of pollution discharge. Point sources are not diffuse and can be identified with relative ease.")
cnt(W2812,"A distinct, three-dimensional unit of a protein, independently folded, and often performing a specific function.")
cnt(W2813,"A distinctive contrast between winter and summer temperatures.")
cnt(W2814,"A distinctive discipline that developed in the United States during the twentieth century, explicitly practiced as a form of anthropology. This kind of archaeology traditionally addressed prehistoric time periods, focusing upon the material remains of non-literate, non-self documented societies, wherever they may be found in the Americas or elsewhere.")
cnt(W2815,"a distinctive feature referring to the manner of articulation.")
cnt(W2816,"A distorted eddy wrapping itself around the upstream face of an obstacle in a stream (e.g., a bridge pier), causing erosion ahead of the base of the obstacle.")
cnt(W2817,"A distribution function is called continuous if there are no jumps in its graph.")
cnt(W2818,"A distribution function is said to be absolutely continuous if it can be presented as a left-tail area function of some other (related) function.")
cnt(W2819,"A distribution of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength (light spectrum), mass (mass spectrum), or frequency (sound spectrum). ")
cnt(W2820,"A distribution with two different values markedly more frequent than neighboring values.")
cnt(W2821,"A disturbance in Earth’s magnetic field caused by interaction of the solar wind, and disturbances therein, with Earth’s magnetic field.")
cnt(W2822,"a disturbance in rhythm, as in heart beat or breathing")
cnt(W2824,"A disturbance in the normal heart rhythm. Tachyarrhythmia is a disturbance where the heart rate rises up to 200…300 beats per minute, while in a bradyarrhythmia the heart rate is slowed.")
cnt(W2825,"A disturbance of the glacier surface including compressions and extensions periodically propagating down the glacier and manifested by alternate mounds and depressions in the glacier surface topography.")
cnt(W2826,"A disturbance or change in ecosystem composition, structure or function caused by humans.")
cnt(W2827,"A disturbance to a system that may be generated internally or by some external force or agent.")
cnt(W2828,"A ditch for transporting water.")
cnt(W2829,"A diverse group of citizens' organizations that are not affiliated with official governments. NGOs may function at the level of the community, the nation or the world. They include many self-help, medical relief, women's, environmental, human rights, watchdog and labor groups. NGOs may serve as consultants to government affiliated (bilateral and multilateral) organizations.")
cnt(W2830,"A diverse group of compounds including pigments, defense products and signalling molecules.")
cnt(W2831,"A diverse group of photosynthetic organisms (mostly single cells) with relatively small powers of locomotion capable of moving slower than most ocean currents (phyto = plant [Greek]); (plankton = wanderer [Greek]).")
cnt(W2833,"A division of complex process into simple (homogeneous) parts.")
cnt(W2834,"A division of geologic time that began nearly 325 million years (my) ago and ended 290 my ago; corresponds to Upper Carboniferous time in European geology.")
cnt(W2835,"A division of the space of interest into cells of uniform shape and size, arranged so that to each point of the modeled space there is a single corresponding cell. Regular tesselations with square cells correspond to images. If a discrete value is assigned to each square cell, the tesselation is a digital image.")
cnt(W2836,"A division of the United States Army that is responsible for almost all water-related transportation infrastructure in the United States. Users of Army Corps projects pay only nominal fees.")
cnt(W2837,"A DNA base sequence that controls gene expression.")
cnt(W2838,"A DNA fragment which allows, when expressed, the selection of the subset of cells that have integrated the DNA fragment into their genome.")
cnt(W2839,"A DNA molecule that has been constructed by combining DNA from different sources. Also called a chimera.")
cnt(W2840,"A DNA or isozyme of known location within the genome of an organism used to identify the location of genes and to characterize the genetic constitution of individuals.")
cnt(W2841,"A DNA sequence of known location within a genome of an organism and used in identification and isolation of genes.")
cnt(W2843,"A DNA sequence where a repressor of transcription may bind and inhibit the expression of a gene.")
cnt(W2844,"A Dobson unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness of ozone at standard temperature and pressure")
cnt(W2845,"A doctrine maintaining that the functions of living beings are due to an (immaterial) principle distinct from the known physico-chemical forms of energy.")
cnt(W2846,"A doctrine stating that states are the only legitimate and legal actors at the international level.")
cnt(W2847,"A doctrine that extant life evolved gradually from living entities of lower level of complexity.")
cnt(W2848,"A doctrine that holds that the rightness or wrongness of any action is a function of the goodness or badness that the action in question produces.")
cnt(W2849,"a document (a sort of manifesto) written by the French architect Le Corbusier at the International Congress for Modern Architecture, held in Athens (Greece) in 1933, aimed to establish what a city could be, its main purpose being to erase pedestrian urban life in European capitals. The European Council of Town Planners presented a New Charter of Athens in 2003, changing such a perspective.")
cnt(W2851,"A document containing an OGC consensus, computing-technology-dependent specification for application program interfaces and related technology based on the abstract specification or domain-specific extensions to the abstract specification provided by domain experts. Implementation specifications contain detailed software specifications for implementing parts of the OpenGIS Abstract Specification on particular distributed computing platforms such as OLE/COM and CORBA.")
cnt(W2852,"A document describing the anticipated environmental effects of a proposed development project or activity; typically required before a governmental authority grants permission for the project or activity to commence.")
cnt(W2853,"a document describing the commercial project of a firm, and containing detailed information about the construction of an irrigation system and financial analysis of economic activities with allowance for market conditions and inflation. It is oriented to potential investors.")
cnt(W2854,"A document giving ideas on how to reach the objectives of the HABITAT II conference.")
cnt(W2855,"A document prepared in accordance with the principles of HACCP to ensure control of hazards that are significant for food safety in the segment of the food chain under consideration.")
cnt(W2856,"A document provided by the manufacturer of a chemical which provides information on health hazards, appropriate precautions, handling, disposal, first aid, and other important details about the chemical.")
cnt(W2857,"A document providing binding legislative rules adopted by an authority.")
cnt(W2858,"A document providing binding legislative rules concerning the production, handling, distribution, storage, quality, and safety of foods, which is adopted by an authoritative body.")
cnt(W2860,"A document that captures the OGC member consensus on a computing technology independent specification for application program interfaces and related technology based on object-oriented concepts that describes an application environment for interoperable geoprocessing and geospatial data products. The abstract specification is that part of the OpenGIS specification created by the OGC Technical Committee to provide a high-level description of the functionality to be provided in OpenGIS implementation specification.")
cnt(W2861,"A document that describes, in narrative and with maps, an overall development concept including both present property uses as well as future land development plans.")
cnt(W2862,"A document that prescribes requirements to be fulfilled by a product or process")
cnt(W2863,"A document that recommends practices or procedures for the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, or utilization of equipment, structures, or products.")
cnt(W2864,"A document that specifies a technological area with a well-defined scope, by a formal standardization body and process.")
cnt(W2866,"A document usually prepared by a quantity surveyor which details the terms and conditions under which a contract is to be let, and itemises all works to enable a contractor to price the work for which he is bidding. The first main step in preparing a bill is the ""taking off"" or recording of dimensions from drawings or schedules of work.")
cnt(W2869,"A document, prepared by WEDO, that outlines a global plan of action for sustainability from a WED perspective.")
cnt(W2870,"A documented evaluation of the environmental significance of the environmental impacts of an organisation's activities, products and services (both existing and planned).")
cnt(W2871,"A domain independent framework of rules connected to form a very general inference engine with specific problem solving capabilities. A shell is used by implementing its ""reasoning"" on a set of specific (i.e., domain- and problem-oriented) knowledge added modularly to the knowledge base of the shell.")
cnt(W2873,"A domain is regarded as a continuum with respect to a specified extensive quantity (e.g., a continuum of mass),  if a value of the corresponding intensive quantity (e.g., mass density),  can be assigned to every point of that domain.")
cnt(W2874,"A domain is where a mathematical function (the independent and dependent variables x and y and maybe z and perhaps more) exists. In the frequency domain, the independent variable has been transformed from a distance such as miles (seconds in the case of seismic) to frequency like cycles/mile (a spatial frequency versus a temporal frequency like cycles/second). The dependent variables then become the strength and phase of that frequency. See also, Space Domain <http://www.igcworld.com/gm_glos.html>")
cnt(W2875,"a domain of an operator A.")
cnt(W2876,"A Domain of procaryotes, distinct from bacteria, circumscribed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence and a number of key cellular characteristics, namely, they lack peptidoglycan and possess branched-chain, ether-linked membrane lipids.")
cnt(W2877,"A Domain of procaryotes, distinct from the Archea, circumscribed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence and a number of key cellular characteristics, namely, they possess peptidoglycan and straight-chain, ester-linked membrane lipids.")
cnt(W2879,"A domestic exchange rate of dollar in Russia.")
cnt(W2880,"A domestic scheme to control emissions where emission sources must hold permits equal to their level of emissions and the permits are tradable between sources. In the case of an international scheme involving different countries, the term quota is used instead of permits.")
cnt(W2881,"A dominant descriptive model of personality where a multitude of personality traits (within a variety of cultures) can be gathered into five broad, almost exhaustive, factors:neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness.")
cnt(W2882,"A dominating, leading city that is disproportionately larger than any other in the country.")
cnt(W2883,"a dormancy-breaking treatment of seeds in which they are kept at moist conditions for a prescribed time at room temperature (warm stratification) or in a refrigerator (cold stratification, if the release of dormancy is dependent on the fulfillment of a requirement for chilling).")
cnt(W2884,"A dormitory settlement within commuting distance of an urban workplace and in which more than 20% of the resident population are employed in towns or cities.")
cnt(W2885,"A dorsal extension (or diverticulum) of the gill chamber at the posterior part of the pharynx formed by the upward growth of the ventral part of the 5th gill slit behind the 5th epibranchial and supported below by an enlarged 4th epibranchial; it apparently developed independently in osteoglossiform, clupeiform, and ostariophysan fishes that feed on microorganisms (see, crumenal organ).")
cnt(W2886,"A dorsal rod, made of disc-like, turgid cells, that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in Chordates.")
cnt(W2887,"A dorsal, rarely ventral, rayless fin of fatty tissue found in some groups of fishes (e.g., Salmoniformes, Argentinifomes, Myctophiformes).")
cnt(W2888,"A dosage of air pollution scientifically determined to prevent adverse human health effects.")
cnt(W2889,"A dose of a substance that has no effect in a long-term toxicological study with a sensitive animal species.")
cnt(W2890,"A dose response phenomenon characterized by either a U-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response depending on the end-point measured.")
cnt(W2891,"A dose stemming from absorption of ionizing radiation by the air. It corresponds to the total charge of ions of the same sign appearing in the air after complete slowing down of all secondary electrons, which were generated by the photons in a small air volume, divided by the air mass in the same volume. The unit Roentgen is used for measurements of exposure dose.")
cnt(W2892,"A dose-response estimation quantifies how a person’s health or and ecosystem responds to levels of exposure to a substance.")
cnt(W2893,"A double-moldboard plow used mainly where rainfall is limited. Listers are sometimes used to form ridges to reduce wind erosion.")
cnt(W2894,"A double-stranded nucleic acid that functions as the genetic material.")
cnt(W2895,"a draft environmental impact statement under the US. National Environmental Policy Act that is produced either as a prelude to a full impact statement or when the environmental risks of a project are deemed minor by its proponents.")
cnt(W2897,"A drama typically performed as a serial on television or radio and characterized by stock characters and situations, sentimentality and melodrama. The soap opera derives its name from originally having been sponsored by soap companies.")
cnt(W2898,"A dramatic increase in fertility rates and in the absolute number of births in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand during the period following World War II (1947–1961). The rapid decline in US fertility rates to record low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom is known as the baby bust.")
cnt(W2899,"a drawing protocol whose units have the same probability of selection.")
cnt(W2900,"A dredging pump with engine, installed in a pipeline, by which the pressure and the velocity of the soil/water mixture in the pipeline will be increased.")
cnt(W2901,"A dried seed of the coffee plant.")
cnt(W2903,"A drilled, vertical perforation in water bearing formations, suitably equipped for extracting water")
cnt(W2904,"A drilling assemblage of tubular goods, to rotate a bit at the bottom of the hole from the surface, which comprises of the kelly, the drill pipe, and drill collars.")
cnt(W2905,"a drop that remains liquid although its temperature falls below 0°C.")
cnt(W2906,"A drug for killing microorganisms by suppressing their reproduction or growth.")
cnt(W2908,"a drug for treatment of haemorrhoids.")
cnt(W2909,"A drug or chemical agent that cures or prevents a disease.")
cnt(W2910,"a drug that contracts blood vessels or skin surface, acting as an anti-inflammatory.")
cnt(W2911,"a drug that eliminates flatulence in the bowels.")
cnt(W2912,"a drug that stimulates digestion by increasing secretion of bile.")
cnt(W2913,"a drug that stimulates secretion of urine.")
cnt(W2914,"a drug that strengthens and balances heart activity.")
cnt(W2915,"a drug that strengthens the stomach, and stimulates appetite.")
cnt(W2916,"A dry and warm wind in the shelter of high mountains.")
cnt(W2917,"A dry as opposed to a mesic environment.")
cnt(W2918,"a dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit with a hard, woody pericarp.")
cnt(W2921,"a dry-heat process, in which the seeds are heated to 110-115 °C by infrared generators. This heat treatment causes internal expansion, not affecting the chemical composition, but producing some significant physical changes")
cnt(W2922,"A drying agent.")
cnt(W2923,"A drying process in which products from a dryer are removed while they are still hot (and not totally dry) and then they are cooled slowly without airflow.")
cnt(W2925,"A ductile deformation mechanisms that occurs after a certain threshold stress has been reached, but is thereafter independent of strain or strain rate. Materials like sand fractured rocks deform plastically on a large scale.")
cnt(W2926,"A durable good that generates services or goods, and can be used in production or consumption in a wide sense (including recreation). Economic or human-made capital comprises machines, land, labor and knowledge. Natural capital has been defined to cover natural resources, environment and nature (ecosystems). Total capital is sometimes defined as the sum of both types of capital.")
cnt(W2927,"A durable material made from compressed paper fibre or mineral fibre reinforced cement formed in a press. Usually used as cladding, roofing or tile backing.")
cnt(W2928,"A duty-oriented approach to ethics.")
cnt(W2936,"a dynamic equilibrium around which a population fluctuates, regulated by available space and the amount and quality of the available environmental resources.")
cnt(W2937,"a dynamic hypothesis of all the critical global relationships that cause the Earth's environmental crisis, which paradoxically may have no catastrophe-free solutions.")
cnt(W2938,"a dynamic interaction of L1 and L2 linguistic subsystems occurring in learner interlanguage.")
cnt(W2940,"a dynamic process referring to the ability to hold onto market share, and to innovate under constantly changing business and regulatory conditions. Firms of all sizes, together with governing bodies and other social groups, have to adapt to changing conditions, and also bring about change themselves.")
cnt(W2941,"A dynamic self-developing and self-regulating system at a global level: ""humankind-environment"" (of the whole planet). Its dynamic equilibrium must be ensured by the conscious responsibility of society. The same refers to the regional level with only one important difference; human cultures influencing regional level have not yet united into one common world culture.")
cnt(W2942,"A dynamic system on finite-dimensional linear spaces with linear dynamics.")
cnt(W2943,"A dynamic, associative network of nodes and links for organizing, relating, accessing, and sharing information.")
cnt(W2944,"a dynamical balance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis force on the flow; quasi-geostrophy describes a close approximation to geostrophy.")
cnt(W2945,"A dynamical structure which maintains itself while dissipating and also receiving energy. Such structures have been studied by I. Prigogine in the case of thermodynamical systems far from equilibrium.")
cnt(W2946,"a dynamical system exhibiting structures as emergent forms in far from thermodynamic equilibrium conditions (Prigogine); a dynamical system whose rate of change of redundancy is always positive as it becomes more ""organized"" (von Foerster).")
cnt(W2948,"A Dynamical System which can change autonomously its paths to its goal in order to being adapted to the changes of the environment.")
cnt(W2949,"a dynamical system whose future state is (not) entirely determined by its present state")
cnt(W2950,"a dynamical system whose states consist of infinite strings of symbols and whose dynamic is provided by some variant of shift operator")
cnt(W2953,"A enzyme variant that is linked to a specific phenotype.")
cnt(W2954,"A eukaryotic microorganism.")
cnt(W2955,"A evolutionarily derived character, an evolutionary novelty. An autapomorphy refers to a derived character unique for a single taxon, a synapomorphy refers to a shared derived characters possessed by at least two taxa.")
cnt(W2956,"A face of a polyhedron of maximal dimension not coinciding with the polyhedron itself.")
cnt(W2957,"A facilitated group technique designed to gather stakeholders and define and implement a prototype or components of a system in a rapid development environment.")
cnt(W2958,"A facility built for the ex-situ conservation of individuals (seeds), tissues or reproductive cells of plants or animals")
cnt(W2959,"A facility designed to receive the wastewater from domestic sources and to remove the materials that damage water quality and threaten public health and safety when discharged into receiving streams or bodies of water.")
cnt(W2960,"A facility for removing suspended solids, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and discharging treated water to rivers, lakes and seas.")
cnt(W2961,"A facility in which a syndicate of bank agree to underwrite (guarantee) the issue of short term securities (promissory notes) in the international money market. There is usually a pre-agreed margin over LIBOR.")
cnt(W2963,"A facility set up to pioneer the way for the production and distribution of a new energy source.")
cnt(W2964,"A facility that generates electricity by conversion of the energy of running water.")
cnt(W2965,"A facility that has taken control measures such that they reduce the levels of pollution caused by its activity to such an extent that this facility can now sell these extra reductions.")
cnt(W2966,"A facility that houses hens (female chickens) for egg production intended for human consumption.")
cnt(W2967,"a facility vested in the local authority and designed for the management of wastewater and/or septage generated by many households. Examples of possible facilities are")
cnt(W2968,"A facility with levels of pollutants over the set limits that must buy facility reductions from a selling company as a means of complying with the set limits.")
cnt(W2969,"A faction is a system of cooperation, often short-lived, of a number of leaders and their followers within a political party. Factions give play to intra-organizational competition among a party's leaders, yet preserve opportunities to negotiate and compromise. Usually informally organized, in some cases they are formal to the extent that they have names, officers, headquarters, and journals.")
cnt(W2970,"a factor applied to an observed or estimated toxic concentration or dose to arrive at a criterion or standard that is considered safe. Safety factor and uncertainty factor are often used synonymously.")
cnt(W2971,"A factor attached to the rate equation that takes into account the decrease of reaction rate due to the diffusional resistance within the pores of the catalytic particle.")
cnt(W2972,"a factor encouraging a potential recipient to seek change.")
cnt(W2973,"a factor external to the design (e.g. interest rate, fuel cost per pound, etc.")
cnt(W2974,"a factor swaying a potential recipient toward a particular technology.")
cnt(W2975,"A factorial design all of whose treatment combinations provide data.")
cnt(W2976,"A factorial design in which one or more treatment combinations are not used as the test condition.")
cnt(W2977,"A failure as a result of mechanical damage, fracture, fatigue and wear.")
cnt(W2979,"A failure to exercise ordinary, reasonable care under the circumstances.")
cnt(W2983,"A fairly stable set of ways for thinking, evaluating, judging and making decisions.")
cnt(W2984,"A fall in the free-market value of domestic currency in terms of foreign currency.")
cnt(W2985,"a fall on steep slopes of stone debris which was separated from the main rock mass by weathering.")
cnt(W2986,"A false dichotomy currently popular in European science policy circles which divides all knowledge production into the narrowly disciplinary (mode 1) or the expansively transdisciplinary (mode 2)—with the university being the excluded third possibility.")
cnt(W2987,"A family environment in which the needs of the child are chronically ignored and/or criticized by the parents in a manner that causes the child excessive and continual anxiety and anger. These parental responses to the child's needs are often subtle and disguised in contrast to acute parental physical and emotional abuse of the child.")
cnt(W2988,"a family of beetles (Order:Coleoptera)")
cnt(W2989,"a family of beetles (Order:Coleoptera).")
cnt(W2990,"a family of clay minerals of which montmorillonite is the most common type.")
cnt(W2991,"A family of compounds consisting in a carbon chain in which remaining keto groups occur at many of the alternate carbon atoms of the chain")
cnt(W2992,"A family of curves drawn in graph form in two-dimensional space describing for each curve a constant level of product obtainable from variable quantities of two factors such as labor and capital. Iso-quants slope downward from left to right and are normally convex upward indicating the increasing difficulty of substituting one factor for the other. Any one curve indicates a given level of production, with higher curves depicting greater outputs. If substitutability between the two factors were perfect the curves would appear as straight lines. Absence of any substitutability produces right-angled curves, meaning that the two factors must be used in strict proportionality.")
cnt(W2993,"A family of distributions with a special functional form.")
cnt(W2994,"A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone.")
cnt(W2995,"a family of marine flowering plants.")
cnt(W2996,"A family of medium molecular weight polysaccharides almost insoluble in water and also present in all plants; this family consists of a large number of polysaccharide types including xylans, xyloglucans, mannans, galactans and glucomannans and many distinct monosaccharides, such as ? -D-xylose and a-L-arabinose (C-5 sugars or pentoses), fucose and rhamnose (C-6 deoxysugars), ? -D-mannose, ? -D-glucose and ? -D-galactose (C-6 sugars or hexoses), with minor amounts of other sugars such as uronic acids.")
cnt(W2997,"A family of methods that describes an outcome variable in terms of a set of predictors.")
cnt(W2998,"a family of parasitic wasps (within the order Hymenoptera).")
cnt(W2999,"A family of plant hormones.")
cnt(W3000,"A family of political views for which individual liberties and rights are the most important goods.")
cnt(W3001,"A family of probability distributions or a mathematical model to describe non-deterministic phenomena.")
cnt(W3002,"A family of structurally complex (heterotrimeric) proteins that work as nanomachines, acting like molecular levers. Hundreds of cell-surface receptors for hormones and other ligands use G proteins to transduce intracellular signaling pathways.")
cnt(W3003,"A family of subsets of a set.")
cnt(W3005,"a family of true flies (Order:Diptera)")
cnt(W3006,"A famous 2 × 2 game in which each decision maker must decide whether or not to cooperate with the other (see Tables 3 and 4 in Section 2.2.2).")
cnt(W3007,"A farm which is held by a person who pays rent to occupy or use the land and its premises; distinguished from a landlord who owns the property.")
cnt(W3008,"A farming method, which employs a large amount of energy and resources to make each unit of land as productive as possible.")
cnt(W3009,"A farming system that involves growing one or a few domesticates for a long period of time in the same field without a fallow period.")
cnt(W3010,"A farming system that involves growing several plant domesticates in the same field for a short period of time in comparison to the length of time that the field lies fallow or out of production.")
cnt(W3011,"A fast storage location on the CPU that can be named by an instruction and is hence part of the hardware-software interface.")
cnt(W3012,"A fatal brain disease caused by an infection thought to be related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.")
cnt(W3013,"A fatty acid that cannot be synthesized in the body or that cannot be made in sufficient quantities for the body’s need")
cnt(W3014,"A fault-clearing cycle which involves a fast automatic closing of an overhead line by the breakers at its ends within 0.1 second after it was opened by the protection system. Reclosing is an effective emergency control measure, used on both HVAC and HVDC transmission lines")
cnt(W3015,"A feasible assignment of material that satisfies the mass balance and capacity constraints.")
cnt(W3016,"A feasible solution that optimizes the objective function.")
cnt(W3017,"A feasible solution that provides satisfactory or acceptable attainment of goals.")
cnt(W3018,"a feature in distinctive feature theory specifying a major area of articulation.")
cnt(W3019,"a feature of an item that provides the possibility, convenience and reliability to test it while manufactured, inspected, maintained and repaired.")
cnt(W3020,"A feature of an object (in particular, people) to move freely in geographical space, especially by the use of vehicles.")
cnt(W3021,"A feature of production technology where certain inputs are fixed and others are variable – output increases at a rate which is lower than the rate at which the use of variable inputs is expanded")
cnt(W3022,"a feature of stress-based rhythmic systems, achieved by the adjustment of segmental material in inter-stress stretches.")
cnt(W3023,"A feature of the earth’s surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area.")
cnt(W3024,"A feature or characteristic, such as color, that varies from one entity to another and that is taken into account in the differentiation of types. Individual manifestations of each variable are referred to as attributes. Thus, ""red"" is an attribute of the variable ""color.""")
cnt(W3025,"a feature referring to sounds in the articulation of which the glottis is spread, which is indicated in binary distinctive feature notation as ? ? sg? . Aspiration is perceived in speech as audible breath.")
cnt(W3026,"A feature resulting from different causal factors, both genetic and not genetic (e.g. environmental).")
cnt(W3027,"A feature where flattened particles, particularly of gravel size, show uniform orientation of their flat faces. These faces dip upstream.")
cnt(W3028,"A febrile disease of horses and humans that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). VEE occurs in northern South America and Mexico and is caused by a togavirus (genus Alphavirus).")
cnt(W3029,"A fecal coliform bacterium indicating unsafe water, if present.")
cnt(W3030,"A federal corporation establishment by the TVA Act in 1933 to carry out a comprehensive resource development in the Tennessee River. TVA represented a new administrative approach in the multi-purpose development of the Tennessee River. To regulate the flow of the Tennessee, TVA has completed more than 20 dams and reservoirs.")
cnt(W3032,"a federal entitlement program that provided substantial income and educational benefits for all veterans of the Second World War.")
cnt(W3033,"a federal program that entitled foreign nations to receive gifts of US dollars that enabled foreigners to buy American exports in excess of what they earned from selling goods and services to US residents.")
cnt(W3034,"A fee collected from travelers in return for the right to use a transportation right-of-way. Modern highways are often referred to as ""freeways"" because they are free in that no toll is charged for their use.")
cnt(W3035,"a feedback loop that balances, counteracts an initial change in any of its variables. It produces a goal-seeking behavior.")
cnt(W3036,"a feedback loop that reinforces, compounds an initial change in any of its variables. It produces an exponentially growing or collapsing behavior.")
cnt(W3037,"A feeding strategy that involves ""planting"" microbes on sediment and subsequently feeding on the bacterial build-up.")
cnt(W3038,"A feeling of being hidden in a group to the point where people do not perceive themselves as individuals.")
cnt(W3039,"A felling made during the life of a stand to improve its features, in an immature stand to accelerate diameter growth, or to improve the form and stability of the remaining trees.")
cnt(W3040,"A feminist ethic based on the gender-related propensity of women to take care of others, especially children.")
cnt(W3041,"A fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium")
cnt(W3043,"A few very big firms producing almost similar goods or slightly differentiated products where the firms’ output or price decisions depend on strategic interactions.")
cnt(W3044,"A fiber formed from a solution of a natural polymer or of a chemical derivative of a natural polymer and having the same chemical constitution as the natural polymer from which the solution or derivative was made.")
cnt(W3045,"A fiber manufactured from a polymer built up from chemical elements or compounds, in contrast to fibers made from naturally occurring fiber-forming polymers.")
cnt(W3046,"A fiber occurring in nature.")
cnt(W3047,"A fiber of limited and relatively short length.")
cnt(W3048,"A fiber that does not occur in nature, although the material of which it is composed may occur naturally.")
cnt(W3050,"A fictitious system that contains all the components that might be present in the real system, which results from the optimization procedure.")
cnt(W3051,"A fictitious unit, which represents distribution of the function of a unit to more than one unit.")
cnt(W3052,"A fictitious unit, which represents merging of the functions of two or more units.")
cnt(W3056,"A field of any nature that value is perfectly the same in a specified region. Uniform magnetic field must retain not only its absolute value but also a direction. Lines of force of a uniform magnetic field are all parallel straight lines. Practical realization of the perfectly uniform magnetic field which can be desirable for some devices can involve rather intricate configurations but can not be realized with absolute precision. The field might be considered uniform to a certain degree if its values fit into some prescribed limits.")
cnt(W3057,"A field of applied sciences ""concerned with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate man–machine systems, usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resources"" (Operations Research Society of America, 1977); partly used as synonym for Management Science.")
cnt(W3058,"A field of computing science devoted to creating software and hardware that imitates human reasoning.")
cnt(W3059,"A field of engineering concerned with application of the physics and biology sciences in the transformation of foods from raw agricultural commodities into sensory-pleasing, nutritious, safe, and convenient-to-use foods.")
cnt(W3060,"A field of psychology focused on understanding how individuals actually do make decisions, in light of an understanding of how a fully rational person would make decisions.")
cnt(W3061,"A field of science and technology that deals with the assessment, study, use, and preservation of water resources, as well as with the mitigation of negative effects of water in the environment.")
cnt(W3062,"A field of study applying a wide range of formal mathematical models to analyze many different kinds of games or conflicts.")
cnt(W3065,"A field of study that focuses on the examination of non-human animal behavior in the natural setting.")
cnt(W3066,"A field which obeys a differential equation known as Laplace's Equation. Gravity and magnetic fields are both vector potential fields.")
cnt(W3067,"A figure for the amount of capital that can be invested in a project determined by a formula containing operating cost, income projections, cost of borrowing etc.")
cnt(W3068,"a figure in the shape of a branching set of lines its terminal or intermediate parts corresponding with given objects (species, populations, individuals) thus describing their degree of affinities or their phylogeny.")
cnt(W3069,"A figure in which any of its parts is similar to the whole. It is defines as ‘anti-similar’ and can have an abstract (Cantor, Koch, etc.) and specific origin (clouds, mountains, rivers, cities, flowers, lungs, nervous system, etc.). Strange attractors are fractals : but not all fractals are strange attractors.")
cnt(W3070,"a filament like structure in the gastrovascular cavity of a polyp.")
cnt(W3071,"A file for the digital cartographic representation of the surface of the Earth with terrain elevations recorded at the intersections of a fine grid. It is organized by quadrangle to be the digital equivalent of the elevation data on a topographic base map. Digital terrain model (DTM) is often used synonymously with DEM")
cnt(W3072,"A file including records showing who has accessed a system and what operations he/she has performed during a given period of time.")
cnt(W3073,"A film composed of living organisms")
cnt(W3074,"A film made of a solid polymer such as Nafion is proton conducting, and is applied, as an electrolyte, to a highly efficient water electrolyzer and a fuel cell.")
cnt(W3075,"a film made up of high concentrations of bacteria")
cnt(W3076,"A film sensitive to all wavelengths within the visible spectrum.")
cnt(W3077,"A filter that rejects a single frequency")
cnt(W3079,"A financial and industrial group.")
cnt(W3080,"A financial cooperative.")
cnt(W3081,"a financial effect of economic activities, determined as the difference between the price obtained for services and the cost of their production.")
cnt(W3082,"A financial facility established in 1980 in the Lomé II convention for the supporting of mining development in ACP countries.")
cnt(W3083,"A financial facility in the Lomé Convention for the compensation of export earning losses of ACP countries in agricultural commodity trade.")
cnt(W3084,"A financial intermediary that does act as a principal in the transactions in which it is involved.")
cnt(W3085,"A financial intermediary that processes information and sells it but does not act as a principal in the transactions in which it is involved.")
cnt(W3086,"A financial mechanism being specially established for the implementation of the CCD and hosted by IFAD.")
cnt(W3087,"a financial transfer resulting from government policy that benefits a particular industry, sector or activity.")
cnt(W3088,"A finding that a defendant is guilty of a criminal offense.")
cnt(W3089,"A fine, gentle rain with water drops of less than two hundredths of an inch in diameter usually falling from stratus clouds and accompanied by fog and poor visibility.")
cnt(W3090,"A fine-grained metamorphic rock that forms at the contact of an igneous intrusion.")
cnt(W3091,"A fine-grained sedimentary rock containing insoluble organic matter that will yield substantial amounts of combustible fluids upon destructive distillation.")
cnt(W3092,"A fine-grained volcanic rock of the same composition as granite.")
cnt(W3093,"A fine-grained volcanic rock with similar composition to that of andesite but having a less calcic feldspar.")
cnt(W3096,"A fine-to-medium grained basic igneous rock, commonly found in dykes and sills, which primarily consists of plagioclase and pyoxene minerals.")
cnt(W3097,"A finishing technique to render concrete surfaces flush by means of straight edges.")
cnt(W3099,"A finite discrete structure describing the topology of a spatial dataset.")
cnt(W3100,"A finite disjunction in which each disjunct is a propositional variable or a negated propositional variable.")
cnt(W3101,"A finite duration, intensive program to measure, evaluate, and report the quality of the environment for a specific purpose.")
cnt(W3102,"a finite or infinite system of functions such that all functions are normed and any two functions are orthogonal. ")
cnt(W3103,"A finite sequence of finite relations (tables) with specified names for the coordinates of each relation.")
cnt(W3104,"A finite set of clear and unambiguous elementary instructions that accomplish a particular task.")
cnt(W3106,"a finite value of particle diameter above which collection efficiency is 100%")
cnt(W3107,"A finite-dimensional linear system together with a parameterization.")
cnt(W3108,"A finitely additive measure such that every subset of I has measure 0 or 1.")
cnt(W3109,"A finned tube heat exchanger used to recover heat from boiler flue gases to preheat feedwater.")
cnt(W3110,"A fire burning with such size and intensity that its behavior is determined by interactions between its own convection column and weather conditions, usually burning >100 ha.")
cnt(W3111,"A fire management system that, in the context of specific strategic resource management objectives, a sound knowledge base, and accurate current information, utilizes all suitable tactics to control or exploit fire to preserve or promote productivity and sustainability of a forest ecosystem.")
cnt(W3112,"A fire play that gives a bright light of many colors, generally used in parties at the end of the year. People must keep the artifact in hand, like a candle, and never throw it to the ceiling or to another person because it produces fire flames.")
cnt(W3113,"A fire set along the inner edge of a control line to consume the fuel in the path of a forest fire or to change the direction of force of the fire's convection column.")
cnt(W3114,"A fire that advances through the crowns of trees more or less independently of the surface fire.")
cnt(W3115,"A fire that burns only surface litter, loose debris and small vegetation on the forest floor. Sometimes incorrectly synonymized with ground fire, that also burns the organic material in the soil.")
cnt(W3116,"A firm domiciled in one abating country cam claim domestic emission credits for emission reduction projects undertaken in other abating (and possibly non-abating) economies.")
cnt(W3117,"A firm that has computers directly linked to the Internet high speed and that offers others a means of access to the Internet.")
cnt(W3118,"A firm that is the sole supplier of a good or service for which there is a downward sloping demand curve.")
cnt(W3119,"A firm within an industry enjoys the benefits of bigger scale of production when the expansion of production happens outside the firm, but within the industry.")
cnt(W3120,"A first order formula all of whose quantifiers are existential and occur at the beginning.")
cnt(W3121,"A first order formula all of whose quantifiers are universal and occur at the beginning.")
cnt(W3122,"A first order formula built from atomic formulas using bounded quantifiers and the logical connectives “and”, “or”.")
cnt(W3123,"A first order formula built from atomic formulas using quantifiers and the logical connectives “and”, “or”.")
cnt(W3124,"A first order structure elementarily embeddable in every model of its complete theory.")
cnt(W3125,"A first stage of decision-making about the organization of the society, in which individuals are unaware of their subsequent economic status.")
cnt(W3126,"A first-order formula built from atomic formulas and negated atomic formulas using disjunctions, conjunctions, and existential quantification.")
cnt(W3127,"A fish species living on or above the continental shelf.")
cnt(W3128,"A fish species living on or near the bottom.")
cnt(W3129,"A fisheries management term meaning the number of adult fish that escape the fishery and other predation to swim back to the home rivers for spawning.")
cnt(W3130,"A fishery whose catches are consumed by fisherfolks and their relatives only.")
cnt(W3131,"A fishery whose catches are predominantly sold.")
cnt(W3132,"A fishing gear consisting of a net of large surface used for surrounding and hauling schools of pelagic fishes.")
cnt(W3133,"a fishing method in which a conical net is dragged along the seabed.")
cnt(W3134,"A fishing method using a net suspended in the water in such manner that fish are caught by their gills while passing through it.")
cnt(W3135,"A fishing method using a surround net that is set so as to encircle a school of fish. The bottom of the net is then pulled closed.")
cnt(W3136,"A fishing operation in which a particular fishing gear and method are applied to a target stock.")
cnt(W3137,"A fissile isotope of uranium constituting 0.7% of all naturally occurring uranium.")
cnt(W3138,"A fission reaction maintained because neutrons released by the splitting of some nuclei proceed to split others, releasing more neutrons, in such a way that the reaction is maintained indefinitely. Also known as nuclear reaction chain.")
cnt(W3140,"A five-carbon unit having an isopentyl backbone.")
cnt(W3141,"A fixed aggregate payment to a health care provider for services rendered during a specific period.")
cnt(W3142,"a fixed amount to pay.")
cnt(W3143,"a fixed frame of reference to track the movement of pollutants")
cnt(W3144,"A fixed network of spatial locations.")
cnt(W3145,"A fixed or mobile device or structure, receiving forces from wind waves and converting it into different types of energy.")
cnt(W3147,"A fixed per-person payment to a health care provider.")
cnt(W3148,"A fixed price at which an asset may be bought or sold.")
cnt(W3149,"A fixed rate at which a buyer wants to substitute a good for the other good.")
cnt(W3150,"A fixed reference point of known elevation left while undertaking a survey. Has to be permanent, so they are often found at the base of buildings. A datum is any fixed level to which other levels can be referred.")
cnt(W3151,"A fixed relationship, usually nonlinear, between the water level or stage and the discharge or rate of flow for a free-surface flow channel.")
cnt(W3152,"A flagella-like structure found in the Prymnesiophyta. They are highly variable in length, on some species they are much longer than the flagella. Possibly used for attaching to some surface.")
cnt(W3153,"a flap-like structure covering the gills.")
cnt(W3154,"A flare that, as it burns, produces glaciogenic or hygroscopic particles.")
cnt(W3155,"A flat body of running water, more or less charged with sediments, expanding over large areas with great kinetic energy, often as a short-duration rare event in an arid region.")
cnt(W3156,"A flat mirror, which is tracked so that it reflects the solar radiation falling on it onto a central receiver.")
cnt(W3157,"A flat region or valley floor surrounding a stream channel, formed by meandering and sediment deposition, into which the stream overflows during flooding.")
cnt(W3158,"a flat tray used in young plant production, composed of small conical plant containers (in fact, these are the ""plugs"" or growing cells) each of 1-3 cm diameter and able to hold a plantlet.")
cnt(W3159,"A flat-bed cart pulled by a cycle, usually pedaled, but sometimes fitted with a small motor.")
cnt(W3160,"A flattened, elongated body that is almost a sphere but not quite. This is the shape that is often used to describe the figure of planets and major satellites. The centrifugal force caused by the planet’s rotation causes the flattening, which depends on the rotation rate and on the mass distribution in the interior (more formally, on the major moments of inertia).")
cnt(W3161,"a fleshy, simple fruit developed from one or more carpels with many seeds and a thin exocarp covering a watery mesocarp. A tomato is a berry.")
cnt(W3165,"A Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container,")
cnt(W3166,"A flexible or rigid barrier inserted into, and spanning over, a construction joint, for ensuring water tightness.")
cnt(W3168,"A floating ice sheet of great horizontal extent attached to a coast. Some of its areas may be aground.")
cnt(W3169,"A floating layer of coagulated floc resting on clarified water, due to aeration.")
cnt(W3170,"A floating life habit.")
cnt(W3171,"a flood event of short duration with a rapidly rising flood wave and a rapidly rising water level.")
cnt(W3177,"A flood-plain landform; extensive, marshy, or swampy, depressed areas of flood plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces.")
cnt(W3178,"A floor consisting of alternating slats or strips of wood, metal, plastic or concrete and openings. All slatted floors are slotted floors, but not all slotted floors are slatted.")
cnt(W3179,"A floor isolated from the main support platform by soft materials")
cnt(W3180,"A floor used for separating the seeds from the stem of cereals.")
cnt(W3181,"A flow channel that develops within a static mass of bulk material during discharge that is replenished from the surface layers of the stored material by way of drained repose.")
cnt(W3182,"A flow configuration that is imposed on the primary flow of a fluid through the action of friction at the boundary.")
cnt(W3184,"A flow in the network having the maximum value.")
cnt(W3185,"A flow in the network having the minimum cost.")
cnt(W3186,"A flow measuring structure for open canals developed by R. L. Parshall in America.")
cnt(W3188,"A flow of clay-with-dust mass mixed with fragments of rocks.")
cnt(W3189,"A flow of mud occurring during volcanic eruptions as a result 0f a sudden emptying of crater lakes or the active melting of snow and ice on the slopes.")
cnt(W3190,"A flow of mud occurring during volcanic eruptions as a result of a sudden emptying of crater lakes or the active melting of snow and ice on the slopes.")
cnt(W3191,"A flow of particles -  mainly electrons and protons -   from the Sun into interplanetary space, which carries with it the interplanetary magnetic field.")
cnt(W3192,"A flow of water.")
cnt(W3193,"A flow pattern in which the entire contents of storage are mobilised to flow when discharge takes place from a bulk storage container. It is characterised by the fact that no stagnant zones are present during discharge when flow is fully mobilised. Slip essentially occurs on all wall contact surfaces.")
cnt(W3194,"A flow pattern in which, if a band of dye were introduced into a flowing stream, it would move as a distinct band.")
cnt(W3195,"A flow wherein two or more phases move together at the same velocity.")
cnt(W3196,"A flow without turbulence.")
cnt(W3197,"A flower of a cereal crop which produce grain on fertilization.")
cnt(W3198,"a flowering disorder in carnation, when too many petals are formed and hence the calyx can not hold them together and brakes (splits).")
cnt(W3199,"A flowering plant belonging to the family Loranthaceae, which is parasitic on trees. See dwarf mistletoe.")
cnt(W3200,"a flower-leaf.")
cnt(W3201,"A flow-generated body of soft sediment on a flat bottom.")
cnt(W3202,"A flowing mixture of mud and water rapidly moving downslope; downslope movement of mud or stones (debris flow). Mudflows have a great destructive capacity.")
cnt(W3203,"A flowing turbulent stream within an ambient body of water that contains an elevated temperature or concentration.")
cnt(W3204,"A flow-measuring installation in a river or stream; free surface flow measurement in nature.")
cnt(W3205,"A fluctuating function of one or more independent variables that carries information")
cnt(W3207,"A fluid (water, for example) in which shear flow is proportional to shear stress.")
cnt(W3208,"A fluid at conditions above its critical pressure and temperature.")
cnt(W3209,"A fluid at conditions below its critical pressure and temperature.")
cnt(W3211,"A fluid produced by degradation of waste within a landfill.")
cnt(W3213,"A fluid showing elastic as well as viscous properties.")
cnt(W3214,"A fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity.")
cnt(W3216,"A fluid that is not reduced in volume by an increase in pressure.")
cnt(W3217,"A fluid that percolates through or along the stationary phase, in a definite direction. It may be a liquid (liquid chromatography) or a gas (gas chromatography).")
cnt(W3218,"A fluid whose density can vary.")
cnt(W3219,"A flux of material from a reservoir.")
cnt(W3220,"A flux of material into a reservoir.")
cnt(W3221,"A flux of substances from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface via precipitation.")
cnt(W3222,"A flywheel made using composite materials and rotating at much higher speeds compared to classical flywheels made of cast iron or steel.")
cnt(W3223,"a focus on the social networks of people in an organization context, and the interactive and interconnective exchanges and relationships, as well as collaborations. Their value is maximized by the diversity of the participants and thereby treats knowledge-creation as a dynamic, evolutionary process, which emphasizes self-adaptation, self-regulation, and self-control.")
cnt(W3224,"A focused management activity designed to produce fundamental decisions that provide definition—and guidance for the design and implementation of a corporate strategy to realize that definition—of an organization’s purpose.")
cnt(W3226,"A food altered by processing in a manner to have lower energy content— however, not to be nutritionally inferior.")
cnt(W3227,"A food chain involving three trophic levels")
cnt(W3228,"A food code established by a joint Commission of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The Commission sets standards for various foods and lays these out in the Codex Alimentarius for the guidance of governments and private industry.")
cnt(W3229,"a food growing process that focuses on creating and maintaining healthy soil with all natural preparations and takes into account the cosmic, telluric and spiritual influences on the production of life-sustaining food.")
cnt(W3230,"a food item that has been produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, or other adulterants")
cnt(W3231,"A food preservation process at low temperatures (generally below -18°C) that immobilizes water in a food as ice within an amorphous matrix.")
cnt(W3233,"A food product that has a health benefit over and beyond basic nutrition.")
cnt(W3234,"A food product with low energy content (generally the permitted energy content is limited, (e.g., in the US the limit is 0.4 calorie per gram = about 2 joules per gram).")
cnt(W3235,"a food production system based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance the environment")
cnt(W3236,"A food production system based upon the herding of domesticated animals.")
cnt(W3237,"A food property is a particular measure of the food’s behavior as matter; its behavior with respect to energy; its interaction with the human senses; or its efficacy in promoting human health and well-being.")
cnt(W3238,"A food safety management system that identifies, monitors, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety and which uses an in-process, preventive approach to assure the safety of the end-product.")
cnt(W3239,"A foodborne disease caused by the ingestion of harmful levels of chemicals, including those produced by bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum or Staphylococcus aureus, which grow and produce toxin in food. In contrast to an infection, the person may become ill without eating live bacteria.")
cnt(W3240,"A force acting toward the center of a liquid-filled pore.")
cnt(W3241,"A force distributed over a surface divided by the area of the surface. Confining pressure is uniform in all directions; directed pressure is exerted only in one direction.")
cnt(W3242,"A force existing due to the Earth’s rotation. It is significant for large-scale air and water flows and tends to turn them to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern one. It has maximums near the poles, and is negligible near the equator.")
cnt(W3243,"a force governing moisture transition in capillaries.")
cnt(W3245,"A force per unit area, Pa.")
cnt(W3246,"a foreign country where a multinational firm conducts aspects of its business")
cnt(W3248,"A foreign fragment of rock occurring in an igneous rock.")
cnt(W3250,"A foreign species introduced in a new geographical area.")
cnt(W3251,"A foreign-investment-induced urbanization characterized by labor-intensive and assembly manufacturing types of export-oriented industrialization based on low-cost labor and land, which stimulated rural–urban population migration.")
cnt(W3253,"a forest containing intermingling trees of markedly different ages.")
cnt(W3254,"a forest containing trees of similar age. The trees may be stratified into separate age classes or cohorts.")
cnt(W3255,"a forest humus consisting of a well mixed (mainly by earthworms) and well-humified organic and mineral matter with a gradual transition to the underlaying mineral horizon.")
cnt(W3256,"A forest that has lost some of its values. Usually used within the context of a natural forest that has been adversely affected by human intervention.")
cnt(W3257,"A forest with a balanced age or size class structure such that perpetual crops of timber may be removed without adversely affecting the productive capacity of the remaining forest.")
cnt(W3258,"A forest, usually of a complex, multistory variety, from which a range of tree and agricultural products are derived.")
cnt(W3259,"A form devised by the ego so that repressed material, adequately transformed, is admitted into consciousness, satisfying both the unconscious drive and the defensive instances.")
cnt(W3260,"A form of a gene and usually a gene product that varies in the population")
cnt(W3262,"A form of absolute majority voting in which, if no candidate achieves an absolute majority of votes first time round, a second or run-off ballot is held between the two strongest candidates.")
cnt(W3263,"A form of accurate surveying of large structures that accounts for the curvature of the earth.")
cnt(W3264,"a form of acknowledgement of technical competence and independence of an organization at the national level.")
cnt(W3265,"a form of agriculture based mainly on use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides and mechanization")
cnt(W3266,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) and pasture/animal components.")
cnt(W3267,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) with crops and pasture and/or animals.")
cnt(W3268,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) with crops.")
cnt(W3269,"A form of analysis involving binding by a specific antibody and visualization by an enzymatic reaction.")
cnt(W3270,"a form of asexual reproduction of yeasts.")
cnt(W3273,"A form of business partnership involving the joint management and sharing of risks and profits in order to develop a common enterprise.")
cnt(W3274,"A form of calcium carbonate, less common than calcite but more soluble.")
cnt(W3275,"A form of calcium carbonate, more common than aragonite but less soluble.")
cnt(W3279,"A form of chlorination agent (NH2Cl).")
cnt(W3280,"A form of classical dance practiced widely in India, particularly South India.")
cnt(W3281,"A form of classification. In particular, the term is used when there are different criteria of classification and the combination of these criteria do not result in a hierarchical classification.")
cnt(W3282,"A form of communication reaching large numbers of people")
cnt(W3283,"A form of contract in which the contractor undertakes both the design and the construction of the work.")
cnt(W3284,"A form of crusading journalism, primarily using magazines to agitate and promote change.")
cnt(W3285,"A form of democracy termed by Arend Lijphart that operates through power sharing and a close association amongst a number of political parties or groups that are divided by deep religious, ideological, regional, cultural, or other differences.")
cnt(W3286,"A form of education that demonstrates inclusion of purpose and width of provision.")
cnt(W3287,"A form of election whereby the candidate or party which obtains a majority of votes in a constituency is elected. Under simple majority or plurality voting, the candidate or party who obtains more votes than any other is elected without necessarily securing an absolute majority. Under absolute majority voting, for a candidate to be elected, his or her share of the vote must be 50 per cent plus (see alternative vote and two ballot system).")
cnt(W3288,"A form of energy composed of an electrical field and a magnetic field and characterized by frequencies or wavelengths.")
cnt(W3289,"A form of energy made available as a result of the flow of electric charge through a conductor.")
cnt(W3290,"A form of energy resulting from unequal distribution of ions across a barrier (e.g. impermeable membrane).")
cnt(W3291,"A form of energy that is represented by the temperature of a mass. It is due to the speed with which the molecules within the mass vibrate.")
cnt(W3293,"A form of entertainment that is designed to be educational. The word edutainment was born sometime in the early 1990's and defined by edutainment pioneers as ""entertainment with an educational twist."" It covers television programs, books and software that are both educational and entertaining, especially those intended for primary school age children. Included in the edutainment arena are motivational shows of plays, skits, athletic skills, animals, bubbles, bread baking and more. Also in the edutainment picture are theme parks, theaters, museums, software -- anything that is educational and ethical that one can enjoy while learning.")
cnt(W3294,"A form of farming mainly associated with the tropics in which forested areas are felled, burned, and cultivated for a few years until declining fertility forces a shift and repetition of the sequence elsewhere.")
cnt(W3295,"A form of forest management that emphasizes protecting the productive potential of the ecosystem in a socially and economically acceptable manner.")
cnt(W3296,"A form of forestland management that emphasizes the protection of ecological functions, biodiversity, restoration, and non-timber land uses over the production of commodity outputs.")
cnt(W3297,"a form of fossil fuel, formed from the dead remains of bog plants in anaerobic and wet conditions. The first step towards formation of coal.")
cnt(W3298,"a form of government in which the ruler is not restricted by a constitution, laws or opposition")
cnt(W3299,"a form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons")
cnt(W3305,"A form of human poisoning caused by the consumption of subtropical and tropical marine finfish which have accumulated naturally occurring toxins through their diet.")
cnt(W3309,"A form of intellectual property rights in which the property right is maintained by preventing others from accessing the information contained in the intellectual property.")
cnt(W3310,"A form of intellectual property that applies to original works of authorship.")
cnt(W3311,"A form of intellectual property whereby the inventor acquires the sole right to exclude others from economically exploiting the innovation for a limited time period.")
cnt(W3312,"A form of labor unemployment that occurs due to a lack of demand for the produce of labor.")
cnt(W3313,"A form of land management whereby the cumulative effects of management decisions taken for small areas are evaluated within the context of a much larger land area.")
cnt(W3315,"A form of learning in which behavior is affected by its consequences. Favorable consequences strengthen the behavior and unfavorable consequences weaken the behavior.")
cnt(W3316,"A form of leisure oriented temporary mobility with both spatial and temporal dimensions.")
cnt(W3317,"A form of majority voting (see below) in which the voter casts as many votes as seats to be filled in a multi-member constituency (see below). The candidates who poll the most votes are returned in accordance with the number of seats to be filled.")
cnt(W3318,"a form of masculinity that is found beyond a specific cultural locale, operating in global arenas.")
cnt(W3319,"A form of matter, characterized by flat surfaces in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in all directions to form a regular, repeating network.")
cnt(W3320,"A form of oxygen in which three atoms of oxygen occur together. It is chemically active and has a short average lifetime in the atmosphere. Forms a natural layer high in the atmosphere (stratosphere), offering protection from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. An air pollutant when present in the lower atmosphere above the National Air Quality Standard.")
cnt(W3321,"a form of philosophy which, in opposition to the academic philosophy at the turn of the century, again attempts to answer the essential questions of life from a social Darwinism perspective. It is based on a partially misunderstood Nietzsche.")
cnt(W3322,"a form of phylogenetic analysis that focuses on shared derived characters as indicators of relationships amongst taxa.")
cnt(W3323,"A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust. The silica particles (quartz dust with particles of approx. 1 µm in size) are phagocytized by macrophages by the silicic acid formed from the silica. The destruction of the macrophages that phagocytize the silica leads to the release of peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids that, together with the process of phagocytosis itself, cause the fibrotic inflammation which characterizes silicosis.")
cnt(W3324,"A form of porosity (other than primary pore space between lithological grains) such as fractures, joints or large voids formed from the dissolution of material.")
cnt(W3325,"A form of PR in which the voter casts two votes:one for a candidate under the plurality system and the other for a party list under PR. The vote for the party list determines how many seats the party is entitled to. The seats gained under the plurality system are then topped up by a sufficient number of seats from the party list to meet the party's overall entitlement under PR.")
cnt(W3326,"A form of PR in which the voter chooses a party list of candidates rather than individual candidates. The number of candidates on the list which are elected depends on the size of the vote for the list and is determined by the Hare-largest remainder formula, or by the highest average (d'Hondt or Saint Lagu) formula.")
cnt(W3327,"A form of PR in which the voter ranks candidates in order of preference, with seats allocated to candidates in accordance with the rank order in which they have been placed on the ballot papers. Candidates are elected who reach a quota, having received a sufficient number of first preference votes, or having received the lower order preferences on the ballots of candidates already elected or eliminated, which are added to the number of their first preferences. The distribution of lower order preferences of candidates already elected must be proportionate to the extent these candidates have exceeded the quota, and will be added to the first preference votes of the other candidates at fractional value.")
cnt(W3328,"A form of production in which the capability to adopt new products quickly and maintain diversified production matters more than turning out large volumes or maintaining profitable performance based on one or a few standardized products.")
cnt(W3329,"A form of production in which turning out large volumes or maintaining profitable performance based on one or a few standardized products matters more than the capability to adopt new products quickly and maintain diversified production.")
cnt(W3330,"A form of rapid computer-to-computer messaging. It is the most heavily used service of the Internet.")
cnt(W3331,"A form of reasoning that attempts to deduce a hitherto ""unknown"" fact (called goal) by scanning the knowledge base (KB) to determine whether the data it contains may generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, if a fact p asserted by the KB is the ""IF""-predicate of a rule, then we can infer that q, the ""THEN""-predicate of that rule, is also true.")
cnt(W3333,"A form of reasoning that attempts to validate (i.e., confirm) a fact (called goal) by scanning the Knowledge Base to determine whether the rules therein contained univocally generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, this means that if a fact q is asserted by the KB,  every rule that contains q as the “THEN”-predicate is assumed to be true, and therefore p, the predicate of its “IF”, is also true.")
cnt(W3334,"A form of reasoning that attempts to validate (or confirm) a fact (called goal) by scanning the knowledge base (KB) to determine whether the rules it contains univocally generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, this means that if a fact q is asserted by the KB, every rule that contains q as the THEN predicate is assumed to be true, and therefore p, the predicate of its IF, is also true.")
cnt(W3336,"A form of reasoning used in process modeling. It is based on non-quantitative concepts, like analogy, similarity, asymptotical behavior, interactions, order-of-magnitude values, relationships, structure, and functionality.")
cnt(W3338,"A form of reproduction in the algae in which the development of a thickened cell becomes the oogonium.")
cnt(W3339,"A form of ritual theater in Iran with deep religious significance which originated about 1500 years ago and is still performed widely.")
cnt(W3340,"A form of small-scale agriculture in which a forested area, usually tropical or subtropical, is temporarily cleared for growing crops by use of fire or slashing or cutting back vegetation. After a period of time, usually a few years, the forest is allowed to re-grow and another area is cleared for cropping.")
cnt(W3342,"A form of social organization common among foraging peoples in which all individuals have equal access to the critical resources of life, and in which positions of prestige are earned rather than ascribed at birth—and are not necessarily associated with power.")
cnt(W3343,"a form of social organization in which a male is the family head, in a hierarchical structure.")
cnt(W3344,"A form of social organization that allows individuals and private groups to form private businesses to sell goods and services to the public, while also allowing private capital accumulation, investment, trading of investment securities, bonds, currency, and futures options on local, national, and world financial markets under various regulatory regimes. Today, capitalism is evolving into many new forms as technologies evolve and the goals and values of host societies (also termed ""cultural DNA codes"") change.")
cnt(W3345,"A form of social organization that attempts to work from following rules and introducing a series of ways to monitor and make accountable those who work in such an organization.")
cnt(W3346,"A form of social organization that organizes the means of production at various levels of government and seeks to provide direction for industry toward public goods and services and the creation of social welfare, safety nets for needy populations, universal health, education, etc. Such lofty goals are still the focus of many governments and their citizens, but past and current political organizations and macroeconomic management have not proved equal to the task of supplying such societal needs. Thus, many formerly socialist governments experimented during the 1980s and 1990s with allowing the self-organizing forces of markets to supply more goods and services privately and have privatized many formerly state-owned enterprises and public utilities, such as electricity, telephone, water, and other services.")
cnt(W3348,"A form of socialism that reflects socialist goals but does not implement fundamental socialist changes")
cnt(W3349,"A form of socio-political organization featuring permanent leadership and social stratification. Petty chiefdom populations range 200-30,000 in size.")
cnt(W3351,"A form of socio-political organization featuring two or more local bands, kinship-based relationships, and impermanent leadership. Remnant tribes might survive with as few as 25 people. Tribal organization becomes unstable when numbers increase beyond 2000.")
cnt(W3352,"A form of socio-political organization that is more complex than a chiefdom, featuring government bureaucracy and standing armies. Small states have populations of 200 000 or more. The upper limit has not yet been reached.")
cnt(W3355,"A form of technology capable of capturing, storing, retrieving, editing, analyzing, comparing, and displaying spatial environmental information.")
cnt(W3356,"a form of the denial of the Law of Excluded Middle first stated by C.S. Peirce")
cnt(W3357,"A form of tourism based in relatively natural environments")
cnt(W3358,"A form of toxicosis caused by photosensitive substances (fagopyrin, filloerytrin).")
cnt(W3359,"A form of traditional ideas, skills, or concepts of education. It may include reading, writing, and arithmetic, as well as ""traditional values.""")
cnt(W3360,"A form of tuberculosis characterised by the formation of lesions resembling millet seeds.")
cnt(W3361,"A form of urbanization that is consistent with the concept and principles of sustainable development. Attributes of sustainable urbanization could include reducing consumption of finite natural resources, such as land and water, and improving the quality of air, land and water resources. Sustainable urbanization can be achieved through plans and policies that discourage urban sprawl and other inappropriate forms of development. Supportive strategies can include redevelopment of brown-fields, intensification of development, adaptive re-use of structures, and adherence to fixed urban boundaries for development.")
cnt(W3362,"A form of viability selection in which heterozygotes have higher fitness than both types of homozygote.")
cnt(W3363,"A form of volcanic glass, usually of felsic composition, filled with gas bubble holes so that it resembles a very light sponge.")
cnt(W3365,"A form used by haulers transporting waste that lists type and quantity of waste, the generator it originated from, the transporter that shipped it, and the storage or disposal facility to which it is being shipped. It includes copies for all participants in the shipping process.")
cnt(W3366,"A formal activity designed to ensure appropriate distribution of economic resources needed for goal achievement.")
cnt(W3367,"A formal agreement among two or more organizations, usually with a specific purpose.")
cnt(W3369,"a formal construct consisting of a set of finite sequences (words) of symbols (letters) drawn from a fixed set (alphabet)")
cnt(W3371,"a formal language whose rules for its production are independent of context")
cnt(W3372,"a formal language whose rules for its production dependent upon specific contextual features")
cnt(W3373,"a formal mathematical model of a system which carries out computations")
cnt(W3375,"A formal or informal arrangement that allows people with operational problems access experts for assistance.")
cnt(W3377,"A formal organization of land owners or operators carrying out drainage work within a certain defined area without the power to tax or condemn land but with contractual and purchasing powers.")
cnt(W3378,"A formal part of public school curriculum in most parts of the world including physical exercise, games, sports, and recreation activities. All students enrolled in public schools at the primary and secondary grades are typically required to participate in physical education.")
cnt(W3379,"A formal part of public school curriculum traditionally associated with the reduction of risks associated with illness, communicable diseases, and accidents. The subjects, topics and emphasis on health education in public education vary widely from culture to culture.")
cnt(W3380,"A formal procedure to calculate the endogenous (inner) variables of a model for the fixed exogenous (outer) variables.")
cnt(W3382,"A formal procedure to determine the model’s exogenous variables using statistical time series that represent the behaviour of a system in the past.")
cnt(W3384,"a formal result which places a constraint upon the explanatory or generative power of some formal system, theory, or model")
cnt(W3385,"A formal set of techniques and procedures for systematically studying strategic conflict. A directed graph for each decision maker involved in a conflict keeps track of the potential moves that the decision maker can take in one step (see The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution).")
cnt(W3387,"A formal subdivision of the Precambrian of eon rank, stretching from 2500 Ma to 544 ± 2 Ma. The term is derived from Greek roots meaning “first life” and was introduced by Emmons in 1888. Its lower boundary has recently been defined at 2500 Ma, whereas its upper boundary coincides with the sudden appearance of shelly metazoan fossils at the beginning of the Cambrian. The latter has been precisely dated by volcanic ash (tuff) layers at 544 ± 2 Ma.")
cnt(W3388,"A formal written agreement between or among nation-states.")
cnt(W3389,"A formal, continuous structure established by agreement between members (governmental and/or nongovernmental) from three or more sovereign states with the aim of pursuing the common interest of the membership.")
cnt(W3390,"A formal, documented system for managing environmental programs.")
cnt(W3391,"A formal, written description of the technical particulars relative to the nature and conditions of the tasks of a job, and of the standard requirements that workers must possess to meet management's requirements. The job specifications do not result from the analysis of the job but rather are determined a priori by management based on customs, executive policy, and technological and organizational factors.")
cnt(W3393,"A formalism for expressing questions against a database and retrieving data.")
cnt(W3394,"A formalism of classical mechanics. A real pass of a particle through space- time is determined by the least action principle, which states that the action given as the time integral of a quantity called Lagrangian over a path of the particle must be minimum for a real path of the particle. Thus the lagrangian which is a function of the position and velocity of the particle characerizes the system.")
cnt(W3395,"A formalized process of ensuring management systems are established to minimize the risk of failure and to manage impacts if failure does occur).")
cnt(W3397,"A formation in which the bituminous material (bitumen) is found as a filling in veins and fissures in fractured rocks or impregnating relatively shallow sand, sandstone, and limestone strata. A sandstone reservoir that is impregnated with a heavy, viscous black petroleum-like material that cannot be retrieved through a well by conventional production techniques.")
cnt(W3405,"A former atom or radical (group of atoms) with a positive or a negative charge.")
cnt(W3407,"a former reef whose accretion rate did not keep up with relative sea-level rise.")
cnt(W3408,"A forming process applicable to small powders where the powder is dispersed in a low viscosity fluid to allow shaping by casting the slurry into a porous mold which extracts the fluid.")
cnt(W3409,"a formless, rhythmic gesture, accompanying the rhythm of speech but without associated representational meaning")
cnt(W3410,"A formula based on the discount rate applied to future values to convert them to present values.")
cnt(W3411,"A formula expressing the relationship between the velocity of a crystal in a melt with respect to its size, density contrast to the melt, the melt viscosity, and the acceleration of gravity.")
cnt(W3412,"a formula of a formal system that can be derived by means of its axioms and rules")
cnt(W3413,"A formula of predicate logic with no free occurrences of variables.")
cnt(W3414,"A formula representing a function f(n) in a natural number n by using its values on smaller numbers.  E.g.,  f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) + 1.")
cnt(W3415,"A formula that converts different livestock into a common measure: 1 LU equals one breeding cow, or 6.67 ewes.")
cnt(W3416,"A formula to give the spectrum of blackbody radiation which incorporates quantum nature of light.")
cnt(W3417,"A formula with no free variables, so that it denotes truth or falsity.")
cnt(W3418,"A formulaic conception or image, used and repeated without change in order to classify individuals, groups or nations.")
cnt(W3419,"A formulation of aldicarb.")
cnt(W3420,"a formulation of utility which avoids specifying the kind of satisfaction or utility derived from a good, provided preferences be organized in scales.")
cnt(W3421,"a for-profit nationwide university offering a limited number of degrees that has experienced rapid growth.")
cnt(W3422,"A forum for bondholders to agree on a particular rescheduling package for a delinquent debtor.")
cnt(W3423,"A forum, such as a court of justice, in which disputes can be settled.")
cnt(W3424,"A fossil commmunity representing a former living community.")
cnt(W3425,"A fossilized, calcareous growth of cyanobacteria.")
cnt(W3426,"A foundation or sustaining wall of stones or concrete fragments placed on an embankment slope to prevent erosion.")
cnt(W3427,"A foundation treatment method for ensuring water-tightness of fill-dams, consisting of a deep trench cut below the core of an earth-dam, and back-filled by displacement of a bentonite slurry mixture which is used to first fill the trench, so as to prevent its side-walls from caving in.")
cnt(W3428,"A foundational point of view which accepts the natural numbers but avoids impredicative definitions (definitions in which a set X is defined by reference to the totality of sets of natural numbers .")
cnt(W3429,"A foundational point of view, due to the Dutch mathematician L.E.J. Brouwer, insisting that mathematics is a mental construction throughout; a coherent development of this point of view leads to a mathematical practice which deviates from classical mathematics.")
cnt(W3430,"A fraction (µ= 10-6) of the greater numerical unit (mole) consisting of 6.02 x 1017 units.")
cnt(W3432,"A fraction derived in refining petroleum with a boiling point range between kerosene and lubricating oil.")
cnt(W3434,"A fraction of petroleum composed of material of 150 to 280 ° C boiling range, that was initially sought as an illuminant in lamps.")
cnt(W3435,"A fraction of sun radiation that is reflected by Earth’s surface and atmosphere.")
cnt(W3436,"A fractionation technique based on differences in melting point of components in a mixture.")
cnt(W3441,"A fracture in rock in which there is no displacement of opposite blocks. Joint planes are often mineralized.")
cnt(W3449,"A fracture within a rock mass, one of the commonest types of discontinuity.")
cnt(W3450,"A fracture, which is accompanied by significant plastic deformation.")
cnt(W3451,"A fracture, which occurs under reversed or alternating stresses or strains.")
cnt(W3452,"A fracture, which occurs with very little plastic deformation.")
cnt(W3453,"A fragment of pottery.")
cnt(W3454,"A fragment of rock, usually greater than sand sized.")
cnt(W3455,"A fragment of the North American plate now in Mexico and Central America (Belize and Guatemala) and possibly Cuba. It consists of basement rocks with Proterozoic and Grenvillian age sequences as well as Paleozoic metamorphic rocks overlain by a sedimentary succession.")
cnt(W3456,"a frame carrying several long, heavy-duty C-shaped shanks fitted with narrow blades. The implement shatters the soil with little inversion.")
cnt(W3457,"a frame of reference moving with the water parcel")
cnt(W3458,"a frame of reference which is fixed in space.")
cnt(W3459,"a frame with several rows of shanks carrying cultivating shovels or sweeps. Often used to further break up the soil after plowing.")
cnt(W3460,"A framework for integrated economic and environmental information, the National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts, linking data on economic sector activity with data on environmental pressures such as natural resource use and pollutant emissions.")
cnt(W3461,"A framework for performance-based Design of Buildings, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, Ca., USA.")
cnt(W3462,"A framework for thinking about economic issues that divorces them from social, community, and ethical considerations.")
cnt(W3463,"A framework matching methodologies to organizational problem contexts, used in the original version of TSI.")
cnt(W3464,"A framework of analysis that (1) quantifies pressures of human activities of production and consumption on the environment (e.g. mineral extraction, fish catch, carbon dioxide emissions) (2) describes the state of the environment and observable changes in state (e.g., algae growth in lakes); and (3) the responses proposed or implemented by society.")
cnt(W3466,"A framework that employs an adaptationist methodology to develop quantitative and computational psychological models of user strategies for seeking, gathering, and consuming information.")
cnt(W3467,"A framework to distinguish cultures, societies, or regions according to their characteristic exchange relations with nature (in terms of materials and energy flows).")
cnt(W3468,"A francophone financial cooperative.")
cnt(W3469,"A free living organism, usually bigger than its prey and requiring more than one prey for completing its development.")
cnt(W3470,"A free swimming fish species.")
cnt(W3471,"a free trade area consisting of Canada, Mexico and USA, established in 1994.")
cnt(W3473,"A free-living pre-adult stage in the life cycle of an amphibian.")
cnt(W3474,"A freestanding, self-contained, and socially balanced settlement primarily planned to accommodate overspill population and employment from nearby conurbations. The original British concept has been widely copied and adapted.")
cnt(W3475,"A free-swimming life habit.")
cnt(W3476,"A free-swimming species living between about 200 to 1000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W3477,"A free-swimming species near the sea bottom down to 1000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W3479,"A French term referring to the development of red matrix colors in Terra Rossa soils.")
cnt(W3480,"A frequency at which the electronic device is turned ON and OFF, i.e. the frequency at which the firing pulses are issued.")
cnt(W3481,"a frequency distribution displaying the frequencies of species with 1, 2, … units respectively.")
cnt(W3482,"A frequency standard whose frequency corresponds to the adopted definition of the second, with its specified accuracy achieved without external calibration of a device.")
cnt(W3483,"A frequency that is modulated by a signal containing information.")
cnt(W3484,"A frequency useful for radio transmission. The present practicable limits of radio frequency are roughly 10 kHz to 100 GHz.")
cnt(W3485,"A frequency-dependent increase in the seismic wavefield amplitude, usually connected to the presence of surface topographical features or soft-sedimentary basins near a site (relative site shaking response).")
cnt(W3486,"a frequently-used planning tool in many countries aimed at containing urban development, giving shape to the urban form and providing for a variety of ""rural"" functions to benefit the nearby urban population.")
cnt(W3487,"A fresh, complete fruit of the coffee plant.")
cnt(W3488,"A freshwater carbonate deposit formed in springs, waterfalls, and lakes in limestone regions.")
cnt(W3489,"A freshwater zone of relatively warm water in which mixing occurs as a result of wind action and convection currents.")
cnt(W3490,"a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock, formed in the intertidal zone, in tropical to subtropical regions, consisting of sand and gravel cemented with calcium carbonate.")
cnt(W3492,"A front between the warm and cold airmasses moving in the direction of warm air.")
cnt(W3493,"A front moving in the direction of cold air.")
cnt(W3495,"A fruit or seed of a cereal, such as wheat, barley or maize.")
cnt(W3496,"A fuel (e.g. coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in the earth from plant or animal remains.")
cnt(W3497,"A fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles propelled by both fuel cell and rechargeable battery.")
cnt(W3498,"A fuel cell using solid polymer membrane as electrolytic medium for proton exchange.")
cnt(W3499,"A fuel complex, defined by volume, type condition, arrangement, and location, that determines the degree both of ease of ignition and of fire suppression difficulty.")
cnt(W3500,"A fuel component obtained by processing of waste; automated processing is implied.")
cnt(W3501,"A fuel composed of 30 percent water and 70 percent natural bitumen extracted from the Orinoco Belt in Venezuela. It is used commercially by power utilities in Canada, Denmark, Japan, China, Lithuania, and Italy. In the United States, several utilities are at various stages of negotiations to use this fuel in existing power plants. Economically recoverable reserves are currently estimated at about 267 billion barrels.")
cnt(W3502,"A fuel containing 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline.")
cnt(W3504,"A fuel containing 5% ethanol and 95% gasoline.")
cnt(W3505,"A full accounting of materials flow through a segment of the economy, most often an industrial operation, making certain to fully encompass the fates of those resources, with the objective of improving the economics of operation.")
cnt(W3506,"A full description of the attributes of a player, including his beliefs about the parameters of the game and the other players' beliefs, in a situation of incomplete information.")
cnt(W3507,"A full description of the parameters of the game and the beliefs of the players in a situation of incomplete information.")
cnt(W3509,"A function assigning probabilities to all events of a random variable. F(x) = P{X = x} represents the probability distribution function of random variable X.")
cnt(W3511,"A function computable by a Turing machine which requires a number of steps bounded by a polynomial function of the length of the input.")
cnt(W3513,"A function defined on a set of random events with real values, which are themselves, regarded as random. In decision situations under risk, the possible outcomes of any alternative usually are regarded as a random variable with monetary values.")
cnt(W3514,"A function defined on a subset of the natural numbers for which there exists a Turing machine that will eventually halt on inputs for which it is defined, providing the value of the function, and will fail to halt on other inputs.")
cnt(W3516,"A function defined separately over a series of intervals which is as smooth as possible. A linear spline is piecewise linear, and a cubic spline (the default type of spline) is made up of cubic pieces.")
cnt(W3517,"a function depending on the variables of a system from which the equations of motion can be derived by differentiation.")
cnt(W3518,"a function disturbance or detrimental change in the peripheral nervous system")
cnt(W3520,"A function from a class of structures to the set {0, 1} such that it takes the same value on isomorphic structures.")
cnt(W3521,"a function in which a socio-economic, environmental, monetary or other quantity is rescaled (say on a 0 - 1 scale) to reflect the relative worth or desirability of different levels of the quantity")
cnt(W3522,"A function mapping instance size n to the amount of resource used for the computation on inputs of size n.")
cnt(W3523,"A function mapping types into social decisions and transfers.")
cnt(W3524,"A function measuring the performance of a decision making process. The goal of the process is to optimize this function subject to the constraints under consideration.")
cnt(W3525,"A function obtained from a sequence in a certain way.")
cnt(W3526,"A function of interest for which optimization seeks the greatest (or least) value.")
cnt(W3527,"A function of population, diets, domestic, and industrial needs, and how effectively water resources are used. Water use can be expressed in total water diversions, primary supply and consumed water.")
cnt(W3528,"a function of the abundance vector adopted to measure the biological diversity of an ecological population.")
cnt(W3529,"A function of the covariates that is used to model the mean of an exponential family distribution.")
cnt(W3530,"A function of the data observed in an experiment, which uses the data to approximate (=estimate) the (unknown) value of some parameter in the statistical model. A well known method how to obtain estimators is the least squares method.")
cnt(W3531,"A function of the item quality indicators which determines the quality of the lot (e.g., the lot mean).")
cnt(W3532,"A function of the model parameters, given the data, that is frequently used to estimate the model parameters.")
cnt(W3535,"A function of the sample and of some or all parameters, whose probability distribution does not depend on the parameters.")
cnt(W3536,"a function only depending on groups of non-dimensional parametric variables, e.g. flow resistance, drag and lift coefficients.")
cnt(W3537,"A function or system that transforms inputs into outputs of greater value.")
cnt(W3538,"A function showing an S-shaped curve.")
cnt(W3539,"A function system related to a river involving the interactions of the various organisms present with each other and with their environment.")
cnt(W3540,"A function tending to infinity at the boundary of the feasible region.")
cnt(W3541,"A function that assigns degrees of membership to elements. The membership function hence defines the corresponding fuzzy set.")
cnt(W3542,"A function that assigns to the possible decisions in a decision situation its utility in dependence of the state of the system.")
cnt(W3544,"A function that coincides with the perturbation function at a selected point and lies above the perturbation function elsewhere.")
cnt(W3545,"A function that describes how recruitment varies with changes in the reproductive biomass of the parental stock.")
cnt(W3546,"A function that describes the worth of coalitions.")
cnt(W3548,"A function that fails to be everywhere differentiable")
cnt(W3549,"a function that has an exponential shape even when plotted on a logarithmic scale.")
cnt(W3550,"a function that indicates the degree of membership of an element to a certain set.")
cnt(W3551,"A function that is polynomial-time computable but whose inverse is not polynomial-time computable even on-average.")
cnt(W3552,"a function that is the product of an exponential function and a hyper-exponential function.")
cnt(W3553,"A function that maps an instance of one decision problem to an instance of another decision problem.")
cnt(W3554,"A function that specifies the values and relative likelihood of random variables")
cnt(W3556,"A function used to quantifying an individual’s degree of preference for some consequence or decisions.")
cnt(W3557,"A function which assigns a numerical value to the states of a system and a related decision.")
cnt(W3558,"A function which assigns to all samples a value for an unknown quantity.")
cnt(W3559,"A function which assigns to every element from the domain an imprecise number.")
cnt(W3560,"A function which associates an appropriate value with every variable of a formal language.")
cnt(W3561,"A function which can be computed by a recursive program.")
cnt(W3562,"a function which determines the statistical test.")
cnt(W3564,"A function whose arguments are natural numbers or strings and whose values can be computed by a Turing machine.")
cnt(W3567,"A function whose values are probabilities.")
cnt(W3568,"A function whose values are utilities.")
cnt(W3569,"a function with (n-k) continuous derivatives on a closed interval [a,b] with given knots such that between any neighbor points the function is a polynomial with degree no more than n.")
cnt(W3570,"a function, defined at each point of a given domain.")
cnt(W3571,"A function, which can be chosen in order to achieve a desired goal.")
cnt(W3572,"A functional group with reducing ability usually found in saccharides, resulted from the combination of a hydrodroxyl and a carbonyl group.")
cnt(W3573,"a functional of the coordinates of a system of particles (equal to the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the case of a single particle) from which the equations of motion can be derived using variational principles.")
cnt(W3575,"A functional system in which the interaction of the various organisms present with each other and their environment involves a cycle interchange of materials and energy.")
cnt(W3576,"A functional that measures the performance of a system under a given control strategy")
cnt(W3577,"a functional type refers to the role of a particular component which is expected to be fulfilled within a given network (or a given associative context) to which the component belongs. Such a role emerges from the question of why this component is necessary (or why it resulted useful in the past), that is from the nature of the interface between the activity of the component itself and the activity of the whole network. ")
cnt(W3578,"A functional unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome. Genes are capable of reproducing themselves exactly at each cell division and directing the formation of enzymes and other proteins.[See above for definitions of enzyme and chromosome.]")
cnt(W3579,"A functionally defined group of diverse organisms that are either single celled, chain forming or small groups of algal cells. Distinguished from macroalgae by a number of features including size and the fact that individual cells undergo reproduction.")
cnt(W3580,"A fundamental change in the way that international action is conceived, conducted and prescribed or proscribed by law and custom.")
cnt(W3581,"A fundamental change of the tectonic regime operating in a particular crustal domain, e.g. from compressional to extensional (negative inversion) or vice versa (positive inversion).")
cnt(W3582,"a fundamental concept in toxicology and pharmacology that correlates the relationship between an organisms response to different doses of a chemical.")
cnt(W3583,"A fundamental condition providing for a difference between the motion laws of the wave power device structure and wind wave.")
cnt(W3585,"A fundamental model of computation, consisting of a processor controlled by a program, and its current state, and with a device for reading and writing data on a tape. A Universal Turing Machine can emulate any particular Turing machine by reading the appropriate program that is provided to it as tape input.")
cnt(W3586,"A fundamental particle belonging to the lepton class.")
cnt(W3587,"A fundamental particles that does not participate in strong interactions. If electrically charged (electron, muon and tau), it feels both the electromagnetic and the weak interaction. Neutral leptons (electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino) participate only in weak interactions.")
cnt(W3588,"A fundamental sub-nuclear particle. Six varieties of quarks make up all of nuclear matter.")
cnt(W3589,"A fundamental tenant of geology that holds that the earth processes active today are essentially identical with those active in the past. Further, it holds that these processes are sufficient to account for all geologic change through time.")
cnt(W3590,"a fungal fruitbody which is located at the top of a stalk.")
cnt(W3591,"a fungal hypha that penetrates within a living cell, in lichens generally of the photobiont, for absorption of food.")
cnt(W3592,"A fungal immunomodulatory protein isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.")
cnt(W3593,"a fungible good is one that can be exchanged for or replaced by another good of exactly equivalent utility.")
cnt(W3594,"A fungicide for seed grain and vegetable seeds; it is a byproduct from the production of chlorine gas and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Residue levels have been found in the fatty tissues of cattle and sheep at the time of slaughter for human consumption.")
cnt(W3595,"A fungus in the class Oomycetes that has swimming zoospores, including pathogenic fungi in the genera Pythium and Phytophthora.")
cnt(W3596,"A fungus that has discovered agriculture by cultivating algae. Algae can photosynthesize and supply the fungus with carbohydrates, vitamins, and proteins and in return, the fungus provides the algae with protection from the elements.")
cnt(W3597,"A funnel for suction filtration of small quantities")
cnt(W3598,"A funnel made of porcelain and with a perforated porcelain plate to support a filter paper. It is used in conjunction with a suction flask.")
cnt(W3599,"A furnace for melting materials with lower melting temperatures, such as aluminum. The furnace consists of a clay-graphite or clay-silicon-carbide crucible in a refractory-lined steel shell with a cover. It is typically fired with gas or oil.")
cnt(W3600,"A furnace in which combustion is forced by a current of air under pressure, esp. one for the reduction of iron ore.")
cnt(W3601,"A furnace most commonly used for aluminum. It consists of an aluminum-resistant refractory lining and steel shell with direct-fired burners that radiate heat directly to the material.")
cnt(W3603,"A future is a derivative in that its value depends upon (""derives from"") the price of the underlying asset.")
cnt(W3604,"A fuzzy interval with a stepwise linear membership function which is based on three a-cuts where a = e, ?, 1.")
cnt(W3605,"A fuzzy subset of the parameter space which is the adaptation of HPD-regions to the situation of imprecise samples.")
cnt(W3606,"A fuzzy-logic model that seeks to quantify, in vague rather than artificially precise terms, the meaning of a verbal construct such as ""shallow soil"" or ""poor yield"".  The goal is to produce complex models of the form ""if shallow soil then poor yield"".")
cnt(W3607,"A gabbro in which orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene.")
cnt(W3608,"A game form (or mechanism) is incentive compatible if it is direct, i.e. strategy sets are the sets of possible preference or types, and truth telling is the unique equilibrium")
cnt(W3609,"A game in which players can freely communicate and can make binding agreements.")
cnt(W3610,"A game in which the sum of the reward functions is arbitrary.")
cnt(W3611,"A game in which the sum of the reward functions is equal to zero.")
cnt(W3612,"A game is determined just in case of of its players has a winning strategy, that is, a strategy which wins no matter what the opponent plays.")
cnt(W3613,"A game obtained from another game by allowing the players to use mixed strategies.")
cnt(W3614,"A game played by two players who alternately choose elements from a pair of structures.")
cnt(W3615,"A game state is stable for a given player if there is no advantage for that player to move away from it unilaterally.")
cnt(W3616,"A game state possesses Nash stability for a given player if that player cannot gain an improvement in his/her situation by a unilateral move away from that state.")
cnt(W3617,"A game where every strategy profile in which all players choose the same pure strategy defines a Nash equilibrium.")
cnt(W3618,"A game where the iterative elimination of dominated strategies yields a single strategy profile.")
cnt(W3619,"A game with imperfect information constructed from a game with incomplete information and in which a chance move accounts for the players' beliefs.")
cnt(W3620,"A gamma-ray spectrometer in which the effect of the Compton scattering is at least partly compensated.")
cnt(W3621,"A gap in an otherwise regular array of atoms")
cnt(W3622,"A gas (CO2) resulting from oxidation of elemental carbon or reduced (i.e. organic) C.")
cnt(W3624,"A gas formed by combustion under high temperature and high pressure in an internal combustion engine; is oxidized into nitrogen dioxide in the ambient air and contribute to photochemical smog.")
cnt(W3628,"A gas phase chemical - OH.  It is highly reactive and constitutes a major removal process for methane and many other environmentally important gases including most gases with carbon and hydrogen bonds.")
cnt(W3629,"A gas produced from the gasification of biomass which consists primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and has a heating value of 10 - 15 percent of the heating value of natural gas.")
cnt(W3632,"A gas turbine unit, in which the working medium circulates in a closed loop.")
cnt(W3633,"A gas turbine with preheating of air by the combustion gases.")
cnt(W3634,"A gas which follows the Ideal Gas Law.")
cnt(W3635,"A gaseous mixture (under ambient environmental conditions) containing predominantly methane and ethane, and lesser amounts of propane, butane, and higher hydrocarbons. It has wide applicability in transportation. It can be used directly as an alternative transportation fuel, or it can be used to produce other transportation fuels, including gasoline, methanol, and diesel.")
cnt(W3637,"A gaseous substance below its critical temperature that may be liquefied by pressure alone. It is important to note that vapors are gases and that they are generally not visible in air.")
cnt(W3640,"A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel material formed in the ground by chemical and physical changes in plants and animal residues over geological time, natural gas, petroleum, coal.")
cnt(W3641,"a gas-filled sac used to maintain buoyancy.")
cnt(W3642,"A gas–liquid separation method that makes use of relatively large differences in volatility among feed components.")
cnt(W3646,"A gas–liquid separation method that utilizes the differences in physical or chemical solubility of components in a gaseous mixture. Some of them are called washing.")
cnt(W3650,"A gas-to-gas heat exchanger commonly used to recover heat from exhaust gases for preheating incoming combustion air.")
cnt(W3651,"a gastropod that lacks a shell or has an internal shell (includes seaslugs).")
cnt(W3652,"a gastropod with a cap-shaped, non-coiled shell. ""True limpets"" are members of the Patellogastropoda but several other groups of gastropods have also given rise to limpets.")
cnt(W3655,"A gem distinguished for its beauty and rarity, used in jewelry, e.g. diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire.")
cnt(W3656,"A gem having value, but not classified as precious, e.g. amethyst, garnet.")
cnt(W3657,"A gene construct that is in the reverse orientation of a naturally protein-coding region of a gene. Its product, an antisense messenger RNA, combines with the normal messenger RNA, and the synthesis of the expected protein (often an enzyme) is blocked.")
cnt(W3658,"a gene of E. coli encoding DNA adenine methylase which modifies the adenine residue in the sequence 5 -GATG-3 to N6-methyl-adenine.")
cnt(W3659,"A gene or DNA fragment that is transfected into the organism.")
cnt(W3660,"a gene represented by two or more different alternative forms (alleles) in a given population.")
cnt(W3661,"A gene used to disclose the function of potential regulatory DNA sequences upstream of the reporter gene.")
cnt(W3663,"A general approach to multivariate problems, in which the aim is to see whether the units fall into groups or clusters.")
cnt(W3664,"A general category of naturally occurring, biogenic, heterogeneous organic substances that are generally characterized as being yellow to black in color, and of high molecular weight and refractory. Humic acid is a fraction that is insoluble under acid conditions, but becomes soluble at higher pH. Fulvic acid is one of the humic compounds soluble in water under all pH conditions.")
cnt(W3665,"A general characterization of a studied object, expressed in terms of mathematical equations, which enable the manipulation of variables to be accomplished in order to determine how the object would behave in different situations.")
cnt(W3666,"A general class of sensory tests that assesses the acceptability of products or the relative preference among a set of products.")
cnt(W3667,"A general classification of areas of the world that have been impacted by agricultural production, thereby altering the natural environment.")
cnt(W3668,"A general computational method for calculating maximum likelihood estimates with incomplete data. Each iteration has two steps, an E-step for computing the estimation of the missing data, and an M-step for computing the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters assuming complete data.")
cnt(W3669,"a general description of the services and facilities available to travelers to travel from place to place.")
cnt(W3670,"A general description of weakly interacting Fermions.")
cnt(W3671,"A general event sequence which underlies a referenced type of situation. Scripts are flexible, somewhat abstract, and include general expectations and directions. Typically, scripts consist of several steps made up of episodes and events. Scripts are similar to, but more general than routines. Scripts and their steps are general, broad, and flexible compared to the routines’ specific and unvarying steps. Accordingly, hiring scripts, for example, may cover a range of positions -- not only competent professionals as covered by a routine.")
cnt(W3672,"A general feeble microwave radiation field serendipitously discovered by A. Penzias and R. Wilson (1965). Precision measurements with the COBE satellite showed that the CMBR is equivalent to the radiation field of a black body with a temperature of 2.73 K. CP big bang Universe models predict the CMBR to be the adiabatically cooled radiation field from a one thousand times hotter epoch when radiation and matter decoupled.")
cnt(W3673,"A general framework for searching a space to solve hard problems (meta is a prefix, as in a meta-language being a language to describe languages).")
cnt(W3674,"A general kind of information display technique in which a degree-of-interest function is computed over an information structure (in relation to a user’s interest) and display resources are allocated according to this function. A way to improve information navigation and access.")
cnt(W3675,"A general method to entangle critical phenomena developed by K. G. Wilson.")
cnt(W3676,"a general procedure for computing the global contribution of each physical production factor to a certain commodity. By proper nesting of all processes pertaining to the cycle of production-use-recycling-final disposal of a commodity, environmental effects can be included in the evaluation.")
cnt(W3677,"A general request to the industry to submit information to one of the working groups in anticipation of an RFP or to fill a gap in the abstract specification.")
cnt(W3678,"A general term (synonymous with pesticides) that covers all the chemicals used to control invader and noxious organisms, including insecticides when used for the control of insects, herbicides when used for the control of plants and, for vertebrates, rodenticides (for rats and mice) or just poisons (for large animals, such as foxes and rabbits).")
cnt(W3679,"A general term applied to a rapid mass-wasting event.")
cnt(W3680,"A general term applied to various microscopic calcareous plates having many different shapes and averaging about 3 microns in diameter, constructed of minute calcite of aragonite crystals, and constituting the outer skeletal remains of a coccolithophore.")
cnt(W3681,"A general term applied to volcanic material (ash, cinder, pumice, etc.) that has been explosively ejected from a volcanic vent.")
cnt(W3682,"A general term covering all social, spatial, and temporal asymmetries or inequalities associated with access to and use of the non-marketed use by humans of environmental resources and services.")
cnt(W3683,"A general term covering all types of research and technological development activities.")
cnt(W3684,"A general term describing chemicals that transfer information between organisms. Semiochemicals include allellochemicals and pheromones.")
cnt(W3685,"A general term describing magmatic rocks that are ejected or extruded onto Earth's surface.")
cnt(W3687,"A general term describing the natural association that exists between cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and which corresponds to the polymeric extracellular matrix connecting the individual cells of a plant.")
cnt(W3688,"A general term designed to include a number of possible ways of gaining a material interest in a system, such as in-house development, purchase, lease, or any other orderly process. In an organization, system acquisition includes all processes, tools, and personnel involved in instantiating a product or service that is sold in the planning and marketing process.")
cnt(W3689,"A general term encompassing various mental abilities, including the ability to remember and use what we have learned, in order to solve problems, adapt to new situations, and understand and manipulate our environment.")
cnt(W3690,"A general term for a column with a small diameter. On these columns the stationary phase is on their inside wall.")
cnt(W3691,"A general term for a group of phenomena that affect the nature, strength, or persistence of an individual’s behavior.")
cnt(W3692,"A general term for a mass-movement landform and a process characterized by a flowing mass of a predominantly fine-grained material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A mudflow composed chiefly of volcaniclastic material on the flank of volcanoes is also known by the Indonesian term ""lahar.""")
cnt(W3693,"A general term for a molten extrusive; also for the rocks that is solidified from it.")
cnt(W3694,"A general term for a polymer in which bases (purines or pyrimidines) are attached to a sugar phosphate backbone.")
cnt(W3696,"A general term for all consolidated pyroclastic rocks.")
cnt(W3698,"a general term for all factors that lead lenders, savers, investors, insurers and others to take the risk of participating in financial transactions and arrangements")
cnt(W3699,"A general term for all pyroclastics of volcanics")
cnt(W3702,"A general term for any or all of several periods in the Earth’s history in which there was a major build up and extension of polar and continental ice masses accompanied by a fall in sea level.")
cnt(W3703,"A general term for depositional features, which include stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstones, and curtains.")
cnt(W3704,"A general term for deposits of clay, silt, sand, gravel, or other particulate material that has been deposited by a stream or other body of running water in a streambed, on a flood plain, on a delta, or at the base of a mountain.")
cnt(W3706,"A general term for how people wish to allocate resources. This becomes important when dealing with large groups or nations, since the allocations become a function of written rules or laws.")
cnt(W3707,"A general term for igneous rocks that are low in silica (45 - 52% SiO2).")
cnt(W3708,"A general term for low energy, muddy tidal habitats commonly associated with estuaries, barrier islands and lagoons.")
cnt(W3709,"A general term for oxides and hydroxides of iron and aluminum.")
cnt(W3710,"A general term for poetry and songs, often used as another name for the waka.")
cnt(W3713,"A general term for the first American Indians. Sometimes restricted to the makers of Clovis and other fluted projectile points.")
cnt(W3715,"A general term for the fruits and seeds of plants of the genus Coffea and also for the products from these fruits and seeds.")
cnt(W3716,"A general term for the process of cloning where the genetic information from a body cell is transferred to an egg cell whose DNA is removed.")
cnt(W3718,"A general term referring to chemicals that transfer information between individuals of different species. Allellochemics include kairomones.")
cnt(W3719,"A general term referring to the region under the influence of a physical agency such as electricity, magnetism, or a combination produced by an electrical charged object.")
cnt(W3721,"A general term referring to water vapor in the air.")
cnt(W3722,"A general term referring to xylem and/or phloem.")
cnt(W3726,"A general term that includes all living organisms on Earth.")
cnt(W3727,"A general term that involves various mathematical and statistical techniques aimed at helping describe the meaning of a database with many columns and rows.")
cnt(W3728,"A general term that is used to describe the quantity of energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue or material.")
cnt(W3730,"A general term that refers to the qualitative or quantitative aspects of movement of a point (i.e., a particle), of Earth from earthquakes, explosions, rock bursts, mining tremors, etc.")
cnt(W3731,"A general term to cover urban vegetable gardens or urban husbandry.")
cnt(W3733,"A general term used for all photographs/ images obtained from instruments aboard space satellites.")
cnt(W3734,"A general term used for various time-scales characteristics of the rate of processes affecting the concentration of trace gases. The following lifetimes may be distinguished:Turnover time (T) is the ratio of the mass M of a reservoir         e.g. a gaseous compound in the atmosphere         to the total rate of this mass removal S from the reservoir:T = M/S. For each removal process separate turnover time can be defined. Adjustment time or response time (Ta) is the time-scale characterizing the decay of an instantaneous pulse input into the reservoir. The term adjustment time is also used to characterize the adjustment of the mass in a reservoir following a step change in the source strength. The term lifetime is sometimes used, for simplicity, as a surrogate for adjustment time. In simple cases, where the global removal of the compound is directly proportional to the total mass of the reservoir, the adjustment time equals the turnover time:T = Ta.")
cnt(W3735,"A general term used in geology and rock mechanics for all planes of weakness in rocks.")
cnt(W3736,"A general term used to describe an administrative unit, land use or land cover.")
cnt(W3737,"a general term used to describe Central and Eastern European Countries that are changing their economies from (centrally) planned to market oriented ones.")
cnt(W3739,"A general term used to describe organizations whose message is conservation of the environment. The spectrum varies from political activists to less vocal but deeply committed folk.")
cnt(W3740,"A general term used to describe the equipment supplied by a contractor when undertaking work. Can range from machinery to scaffolding to hand tools.")
cnt(W3741,"A general term used to designate an advance of the sea over a land area, resulting in deposition of transgressive facies. Transgressive facies are characterized by deposits that become finer upward at any one locality.")
cnt(W3742,"A general term used to encompass a number of processes that partition chemical species from water or air to solids.")
cnt(W3744,"A general term used to refer to languages, dialects, registers and other linguistic phenomena that show variation across speakers and contexts. ")
cnt(W3746,"A general theory of living systems, which specifies structural invariants (homomorphic structures) between systems ranging from the cell to societal and supranational systems. Established by James Grier Miller.")
cnt(W3748,"A general wave phenomenon associated in quantum mechanics to long lifetimes due to matching of frequencies of a dynamical system.")
cnt(W3749,"A generalisation in which similar individuals or cases are grouped together into a set of classes.")
cnt(W3750,"A generalization of an indicator function used to formalize non-precise numbers.")
cnt(W3751,"A generalization of Church’s thesis to functions defined over subsets of the natural numbers defined by an almost negative formula.")
cnt(W3752,"A generalization of Nash equilibrium (see below): Assumes that payoff functions are assigned to individual agents by a probability distribution that is common knowledge. At equilibrium, each agent is maximizing her expected payoff, conditional on her own function, which she knows.")
cnt(W3753,"A generalization of precise numbers using generalized indicator functions called characterizing functions.")
cnt(W3754,"A generalization of the analysis of variance and regression analysis approaches where data are not assumed to be Normally distributed.")
cnt(W3755,"A generalization of the formula for “integration by parts” for the Ito integral.")
cnt(W3756,"A generalization of the geometric shape of a horse saddle into higher dimensions, intimately connected to the concept of duality.")
cnt(W3757,"A generalization of the pivotal mechanism (see below).")
cnt(W3758,"A generalization of T-square sampling in which nearest point and multiple nearest object distances in the direction away from the initial point are observed.")
cnt(W3759,"A generalized set of long-term meteorological observations specified for an area influenced by a particular landform.")
cnt(W3761,"A generally broad plateau surrounding land-masses below the surface of the sea down to about 200 meters in depth.")
cnt(W3763,"A generally curved, linear belt of volcanic and associated plutonic rocks above a subduction zone. Volcanic arcs are typically developed on oceanic plates; batholith often describes the plutonic association intrusive into an active continental plate.")
cnt(W3764,"a generally flak-shaped structure of fungal tissue opening with a circular or longitudinal ostiole, which contains a series of hyphae (conidiogenous cells) which give rise by fragmentation to small propagules (pycnidiospores)")
cnt(W3765,"A generally neutral term for any settled social order or way of life, capable of being achieved as well as being endangered or undermined.")
cnt(W3766,"A generator that is able to build up its voltage without the aid of an external supply. A typical example is the dc shunt-wound generator.")
cnt(W3767,"A generator, the output of which is used as a frequency reference.")
cnt(W3768,"A generic name describing a set of radio-imaging tests used to detect tumors and other abnormalities in the human body, assess blood flow to specific parts of the body, detect abnormal functioning organs and study certain metabolic processes. Radio scans work by injecting a small quantity of radioactive substance into a vein. After a time interval, which varies depending on the type of test or the organ being tested, signals are recorded with a scanner or camera sensitive to gamma radiations emitted by the injected radioactive material. A computer translates signals from the scanner or camera into images which are then recorded on X-ray or Polaroid film or projected onto a video monitor.")
cnt(W3769,"A generic name for chemical compounds including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and coplanar PCBs. These three compounds have many isomers and the toxicity is quite different from isomer to isomer. Although 2,3,7,8-TCDD is the most toxic, the toxicity varies greatly from species to species. It is produced unintentionally by combustion of materials containing chlorine and is considered to have occurred naturally from ancient times. At present in Japan, dioxins in the environment originate from combustion of wastes as well as from the use of agricultural chemicals that contain dioxins as unintentional by-products.")
cnt(W3771,"A generic term for a cable in which the insulation is maintained at a pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure by a suitable fluid, e. g. oil.")
cnt(W3773,"A generic term for any device designed to hold up the insulators and, through them, the conductors of an overhead line")
cnt(W3775,"A generic term for the items (usually plants or animals) we want to count in the population.")
cnt(W3776,"A generic term for the power returned to a radar sensor after scattering from a target.")
cnt(W3779,"A generic term meaning institutions and other socio-cultural factors that determine and/or influence the basic values, tastes, perceptions, sensitivities and preferences of a society and how its members behave subject to all of the above.")
cnt(W3780,"a generic term that embraces more precise terms such as endangered and vulnerable. It indicates a species or a population that is chancging under the effect of some certain pressures.")
cnt(W3781,"A generic term to refer to the social (and spiritual) realm of ICTs.")
cnt(W3783,"A generic term used for different types of mixtures of hydrocarbons occurring dispersed or accumulated in rocks. They are frequently fusible and inflammable and are soluble in organic solvents (carbon disulfide, chloroform, methanol, etc.).")
cnt(W3785,"A genetic algorithm is an optimization procedure (see Optimization) based on evolutionary principles. GA's offer an effective way of searching a large multi-dimensional space for the optimum solution of a problem. A GA is a stochastic algorithm working with a population of individuals, each of which is a candidate solution to a problem. These individuals mate with each other, mutate, and reproduce and in this way evolve through successive generations towards an optimum solution.")
cnt(W3786,"a genetic and interpretive model to describe characteristics of coals and depositional environments .It can be used to explain influence of depositional environments on thickness, extent, quality, and potential minability of coal seams.")
cnt(W3787,"A genetic defect in haemoglobin structure and function")
cnt(W3789,"A genetic modification of an organisms genome, where certain chromosomes are entirely replaced by a chromosome from a different species.")
cnt(W3790,"A genetic unit in bacteria, in which several genes coding for the enzymes of a metabolic pathway are clustered and transcribed together.")
cnt(W3791,"A genetic variety of a single species adapted for local ecological conditions. Such populations show minor changes of morphology and/or physiology, which are related to habitat and are genetically induced. Nevertheless they can still reproduce with other ecotypes of the same species. For example, heavy-metal-tolerant ecotypes. ")
cnt(W3792,"A genetically altered, relatively autonomous growth of tissue. A neoplasm is composed of abnormal cells, the growth of which is more rapid than that of other tissues and is not coordinated with the growth of other tissues.")
cnt(W3793,"A genetically controlled disorder linked to chromosome 4 (at location IT-5) characterized by involuntary flicking movements of the hands, feet (lilting gait) and face (inability to sustain tongue protrusion, grimacing) and progressive intellectual deterioration (ranging from apathy, irritability to schizoid disorders such as delusions and hallucinations). The disease usually begins insidiously in middle age between 35 to 50 years and is inexorably progressive with patients ultimately losing the physical and mental abilities to care for themselves. Treatment is not available. [See above for definitions of gene and chromosome.]")
cnt(W3794,"A genetically determined characteristic that enhances an organism’s ability to cope with its environment.")
cnt(W3796,"A genetically modified organism.")
cnt(W3798,"A genetically related breeding population somewhat separated genetically from other population. For salmonids, a group of fish returning to the same spawning grounds.")
cnt(W3800,"A genomic region containing a gene or cluster of genes influencing the expression of a quantitatively inherited (polygenic) trait.")
cnt(W3801,"A gently sloping volcano in the shape of a flattened dome and built almost exclusively of lava flows.")
cnt(W3802,"A genus of a ubiquitous fungi including species that are important plant pathogens infection of which can lead to smaller than usual grains in cereals. The mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol is predominantly produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum.")
cnt(W3803,"a genus of calcareous green algae characterized by an upright growth form consisting of segmented, calcified plates; Halimeda spp. are prolific producers of aragonite sediments.")
cnt(W3804,"A geographic area drained by a single major stream. Also referred to as drainage basin, watershed, or hydrographic region.")
cnt(W3808,"A geographic location or region to which a person is traveling which may have administrative, geographical or perceived boundaries.")
cnt(W3809,"A geographic region characterized by relatively flat landscapes and sandy soils.")
cnt(W3810,"A geographical context")
cnt(W3812,"A geographical region with physical characteristics that convey a distinctive history of land use.")
cnt(W3813,"A geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.")
cnt(W3814,"A geographically restricted complex where a sediment accumulates. Environments are described in terms of their geomorphic setting and the physical, chemical, and biological conditions that prevail there, for instance fluvial, eolian, or outer shelf.")
cnt(W3815,"A geographyically defined area which is designed and managed for special conservation objectives")
cnt(W3816,"a geologic body in which it is economically feasible to recover minerals or metals for industrial or commercial use")
cnt(W3817,"A geologic body, such as a dike or vein, which cuts across primary rock structures, such as bedding.")
cnt(W3819,"A geologic period about 2.4 to 65 million years ago.")
cnt(W3821,"A geologic terrain underlain by carbonate rocks (e.g. limestone) where significant dissolution of the rock has occurred leaving substantial voids.")
cnt(W3829,"a geological hazard, either natural or due to humans, that threatens either humans or the environment in which they live.")
cnt(W3831,"A geological period 290 to 360 million years ago. In that time, plants flourished and coal formation became widespread throughout the world.")
cnt(W3833,"A geological period 510 to 570 million years ago.")
cnt(W3835,"A geological period about 409 to 439 million years ago.")
cnt(W3837,"A geological period before about 570 million years ago.")
cnt(W3839,"A geological period between 362 and 409 million years ago.")
cnt(W3841,"A geological period between 65 and 135 million years ago.")
cnt(W3843,"A geological period between about 135 and 208 million years ago.")
cnt(W3845,"A geological period between about 65 and 250 million years ago.")
cnt(W3847,"A geological period from 2.4 million years ago. to recent times.")
cnt(W3848,"A geological period of repeated glaciation in the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere due to strong global cooling (""ice age""); the region where soils have been forming in such glacial deposits is sometimes also designated as the Pleistocene.")
cnt(W3849,"A geological process involving magma intrusion through coal-bearing rock series into direct contact with coal seams. The coal nearest the contact zone is metamorphosed under the effect of the high temperature and high pressure of the magma.")
cnt(W3850,"A geological process that composition, structure and property of rock are changed under temperature, pressure and time.")
cnt(W3854,"a geological structure with similar hydrogeological characteristics determining the character of water distribution and peculiarities of chemical composition.")
cnt(W3855,"A geological term referring to dark colored minerals, commonly found in basic igneous rocks.")
cnt(W3856,"A geological term to describe a phenomenon which has developed in-situ, for example the growth of calcite on shell fragments or the secondary overgrowth of quartz on sand grains.")
cnt(W3858,"A geological unit of significantly lower hydraulic conductivity than an aquifer stratigraphically adjacent to one or more aquifers.")
cnt(W3859,"a geologically short-term event (<3 Ma) during which the global diversity is substantially reduced (generally >5% of the familial diversity). In addition, they occur over a wide area and affect a range of different organisms.")
cnt(W3860,"A geometric element of a composite rock, appearing to be older than an associated younger rock element (or neosome).")
cnt(W3861,"A geometric element of a composite rock, appearing to be younger than the main rock mass (or paleosome).")
cnt(W3862,"A geometric entity (line, plane, point) that intersects or lies within the molecule. A molecule possesses a given symmetry element if application of the corresponding symmetry operation based on the element yields a molecule superposable point by point to the original one. Elements and operations can be of the first (axis of rotation) or second order (mirror plane, center of inversion, roto-reflection axis)")
cnt(W3863,"A geometric property of a porous medium which determines the dispersion characteristics of the medium by relating the components of pore velocity to the dispersion coefficient.")
cnt(W3864,"a geometric structure used to represent the states of a dynamical system, usually as a set of axes and points")
cnt(W3868,"A geophysical technology used to detect disruptions that magnetic objects cause in the earth’s localized magnetic field.")
cnt(W3869,"A geostationary satellite situated above the Gulf of Guinea about 36 000 km above the earth.")
cnt(W3870,"A geosynthetic material consisting of an inner, more porous, material sandwiched between two fabrics, which is used for drainage purposes.")
cnt(W3871,"A geosynthetic material formed by weaving thick strands together.")
cnt(W3872,"A geosynthetic material formed either by punching holes in a thick extruded sheet, followed by unidirectional or bidirectional drawing to form an orthogonal grid, or by joining thick strands of extruded filaments at required cross-over points.")
cnt(W3873,"A geosynthetic material with high tensile strength and excellent drape qualities.")
cnt(W3874,"A German term denoting a system of measures for the removal of trees, bushes, shrubs, stumps, stones, tussocks, and moss cover from the soil surface in order to create a plowland or artificial meadow.")
cnt(W3875,"a German term meaning “forest death” and referring to death of trees over large areas from the combined effects of acid rain and other air pollutants")
cnt(W3876,"A German word for personal or cultural world view")
cnt(W3877,"A giant metropolis with a population of at least 7 million by the year 2000.")
cnt(W3879,"A giant rockfill dam built about 1000 km from the mouth on the Nile in 1970. The height of the dam is 111m. The storage capacity of 130 billion m3. As Philae would submerge by the dam’ lake, UNESCO removed the Philae including remaining archaeological structures.")
cnt(W3880,"A gigantic wave appearing in the ocean or in the sea as result of earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruptions.")
cnt(W3884,"A given decision maker in a game ranks states from most to least preferred where ties are allowed. A higher ordinal number, or payoff, means more preferred.")
cnt(W3887,"A given transition is allowed or forbidden, on the basis of the symmetry or spin of the wavefunctions of the initial and final states.")
cnt(W3889,"A glacier covering all the slopes of a single summit.")
cnt(W3890,"A glacier flowing down between the walls of a mountain valley in all or part of its course. Its form and flow directions are determined by the valley")
cnt(W3891,"A glacier occupying a large area on a relatively flat mountain slope.")
cnt(W3893,"a glacier which is characterized by periodic abrupt acceleration of its flow, resulting in redistribution of its material without any change of its total mass")
cnt(W3895,"a glass commonly used to manufacture fibers")
cnt(W3896,"A glassy alloy of silicon and hydrogen (about 10 percent) used in thin-film photovoltaic solar cells to convert sunlight to electricity.")
cnt(W3897,"a gleam, aha reaction, a mysterious light felt suddenly by the angekok (shamanic visionary) inside his body and making him capable of seeing in darkness and predicting future events and realities hidden from ordinary mortals")
cnt(W3898,"A global attitude (generally negative) toward members of a social group.")
cnt(W3899,"A global form or process of civil government or politically organized society around a specific issue of mutual concern.")
cnt(W3900,"A global international accountancy company.")
cnt(W3903,"A global, three-dimensional model of the Earth’s climate system that is based on physical principles. Can include some or all of the components listed under climate.")
cnt(W3905,"A globular protein (glycoproteid), which possesses the antibody properties and produced by the lymphocytes.")
cnt(W3906,"a globulin storage protein from bean (Phaseolus spp) seeds.")
cnt(W3907,"A globulin storage protein of soybean seeds.")
cnt(W3908,"A glow in a planet’s ionosphere caused by the interaction between the planet’s magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun (from Latin for ""dawn"").")
cnt(W3909,"A glucose polymer that is the primary constituent of wood and plant cell walls.")
cnt(W3910,"A glycerol with three fatty acids.")
cnt(W3911,"A goal that is attractive to two or more groups, but can be achieved only by the groups working together.")
cnt(W3912,"a goal-oriented computing calculations done in order to predict or learn the behavior of the solution of numerical model.")
cnt(W3913,"a goal-oriented computing calculations done in order to predict or learn the behavior of the solution of numerical model.")
cnt(W3914,"a gonad that produces both sperm and eggs found in many hermaphrodites.")
cnt(W3915,"A good (or service) considered by government or other outside analysts to be intrinsically desirable or socially valuable, independent of the actual desires or preferences of private consumers.")
cnt(W3917,"a good from which no one can be excluded, but which can only be provided to new consumers at a cost to the original consumers")
cnt(W3918,"a good from which some members can be excluded, but which can be provided to additional consumers at no cost to the original consumers")
cnt(W3919,"A good is called labor- (capital-) intensive if its use of labor (capital) per unit of another factor, say capital (labor), is higher than the similar ratio for another commodity.")
cnt(W3921,"A good not traded internationally.")
cnt(W3922,"A good or financial instrument (often money) used to shift purchasing power over time; a saving instrument. Ownership of land, of a business, other financial instruments, or money perform this function. For many purposes, money (or instruments easily convertible to money) will be the most convenient store of value since money can be immediately traded for desired goods.")
cnt(W3923,"A good or financial instrument (typically money) specified to be delivered at a later date as part of a contract over time. Thus, when buying on credit, the purchaser agrees to pay money at a subsequent date.")
cnt(W3924,"A good or financial instrument (typically money) that is accepted in trade in order to be disbursed in a subsequent trade. The medium of exchange is given in trade though the person spending it does not intend to be a net supplier to the market; it is accepted in trade though the person accepting it does not intend to be a net consumer. The temporary carrier of value in trade.")
cnt(W3926,"A good or resource which can be subtracted and from which it is difficult or costly to exclude users from access and withdrawal.")
cnt(W3927,"A good that can only be used as an input in the production of a final good.")
cnt(W3929,"A good that is available in different varieties.")
cnt(W3930,"A good that is distinguished by two characteristics: 1) two or more people can consume it simultaneously, and 2) it is technologically infeasible, economically impractical, or socially unacceptable to exclude people from it.")
cnt(W3933,"A good that is traded internationally.")
cnt(W3935,"A good whose quality does not vary.")
cnt(W3936,"a good whose value is related to the owners relative advantage in their stock of the good compared to others")
cnt(W3937,"A government agency or local authority which exercises the regulatory powers, as specified in appropriate legislation, in the field of waste handling processes. One of the most important activity is issue and revocation of waste management licenses.")
cnt(W3939,"A government health insurance program that is generally provided to a large segment of the population. Social insurance programs are usually subsidized through taxes and they redistribute income.")
cnt(W3940,"A government holds a polluter primarily responsible for the abatement costs to clean up the pollution caused by the polluter.")
cnt(W3941,"A government in which power is shared between two or more parties, based on the distribution among them of ministerial portfolios.")
cnt(W3942,"A government program in India for the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas.")
cnt(W3943,"A government subsidy that acts as a substitute for firm-level help.")
cnt(W3944,"A government subsidy that complements firm-level help.")
cnt(W3946,"a gradual change in the frequency of a trait over space")
cnt(W3947,"A gradual increase in inner well-being, peace, and harmony that culminates in a state of enlightenment and bliss.")
cnt(W3948,"A gradual increase in the production and consumption of material goods; an increase in the quality of material goods, often with detrimental side-effects to human culture and the natural world.")
cnt(W3949,"A gradual worsening of soil quality due to the influence of certain conditions or human activity, such as inappropriate agricultural methods, contamination of the soil, exhaustion of the soil with net outflow of nutrients in plant production, or change of the soil structure and its water regime.")
cnt(W3955,"a Gram-positive bacterium that produces larvicidal proteins or delta-endotoxins during sporulation.")
cnt(W3956,"a granular cryptocrystalline variety of quartz. Its found in layers and nodules in sedimentary rocks, typically light in color.")
cnt(W3957,"A granular highly porous and adsorptive form of aluminum oxide, used for drying gases and as an oil-filtering material and catalyst.")
cnt(W3958,"A graph consisting of points (nodes) each representing an Object (or event), connected by lines which represent the interconnections between pairs of nodes. These interactions may be logical or physical, and may possess an implicit “direction” (i.e., be equivalent to an arrow) or be direction indifferent. Sometimes, each connection bears a “cost label”, which identifies the price (monetary, energetic, or functional) which one incurs in if that route is taken.")
cnt(W3961,"A graph for a given decision maker in which the nodes represent the states in the conflict and arcs containing arrowheads indicate the moves the decision maker can make in one step between states.")
cnt(W3963,"A graph obtained through the procedure of (sound) spectrography, by means of the device called spectrograph.")
cnt(W3964,"A graph of accumulated flow at a site against time used for estimating the capacity of storage required for meeting a given yield. The capacity is the maximum difference between the accumulated demand and accumulated historical inflow record.")
cnt(W3965,"A graph of order one without edges.")
cnt(W3966,"A graph or set of written instructions which, if followed by a dam operator, will result in the dam achieving its beneficial purpose. Rule curves to be followed during passage of an extreme flood will result in the dam being operated safely.")
cnt(W3969,"A graph showing spectral reflection from an object as a function of wavelength.")
cnt(W3971,"A graph showing the changes in the mudflow discharge at the gauging site during its passage through the transit zone.")
cnt(W3972,"A graph showing the effect of the intervention in the various studies being combined, as well as overall and in relevant subsets.")
cnt(W3973,"A graph that describes the progress of an outbreak by plotting cases over time.")
cnt(W3975,"A graph which can be drawn in a plane without edge-crossings.")
cnt(W3976,"A graph without edges.")
cnt(W3978,"a graphical exhibit of estimates of income and outlay over time for an alternative")
cnt(W3979,"A graphical icon that represents a real person in an interactive system. When users enter such a system, they can choose from a number of avatars. Sophisticated 3D avatars even change shape depending on what they are doing (e.g., walking, sitting, thinking, feeling etc.).")
cnt(W3980,"A graphical interface feature that covers all object changes that have a visual effect, including changes in position, color, structure, texture, and rendering.")
cnt(W3981,"a graphical means of simultaneously exhibiting both cost and effectiveness measures.")
cnt(W3982,"A graphical method for calculating the failure of a structure that contains defects when the material is neither perfectly brittle nor perfectly plastic.")
cnt(W3983,"A graphical method of controlling how a user communicates with a computer to perform various tasks that are displayed on the computer screen.")
cnt(W3984,"A graphical or other presentation of detector response; the concentration of analyte in the effluent or other quantity used as a measure of effluent concentration versus effluent volume or time.")
cnt(W3985,"A graphical representation of a bivariate data set.")
cnt(W3986,"A graphical representation of a decision problem that displays all possible scenarios, probabilities of uncertain events and utilities for each scenario.")
cnt(W3987,"A graphical representation of all efficient combinations of two outputs that can be produced with a fixed initial endowment of inputs.")
cnt(W3988,"A graphical representation of an area of interest showing the spatial relationships between objects. Graphical maps are usually printed on paper or displayed on a computer screen, and are visually perceived and interpreted by a reader.")
cnt(W3989,"A graphical representation of flow lines and equipotential lines for two-dimensional, steady-state ground-water flow.")
cnt(W3990,"A graphical representation of the combinations of goods that give a consumer the same level of satisfaction or utility.")
cnt(W3991,"A graphical representation of the distribution of a positive variable, such as incomes of individuals (or frequencies of species), connecting points representative of cumulative incomes (or frequencies) and corresponding proportions of individuals (or species).")
cnt(W3992,"A graphical representation of the maximum utility combinations two individuals or groups can attain, given the efficient allocations of finite resources in society.")
cnt(W3993,"A graphical representation of the relative embedded energy that exists at each trophic level of an ecosystem.")
cnt(W3996,"A graphical summary representation of a data set.")
cnt(W3997,"A grass grown primarily for its seed and used for food or feed.")
cnt(W3998,"A grassy plant native to highland Mexico that is the ancestor of all domesticated varieties of maize.")
cnt(W3999,"A gravimetric test to determine the dirt arrestance capacity of low efficiency panel filters.")
cnt(W4000,"A gravitationally bound system of objects in orbit around a central star. Roughly, planetary systems fit into the shape of a disk.")
cnt(W4001,"A gravity measurement made while the meter is mounted on a moving platform, such as a ship or an airplane.")
cnt(W4002,"A grayish white, fibrous powder, made from reacting alkali cellulose with methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, or methyl alcohol and dehydrating agents. It swells in water to a viscous, colloidal solution, used as flocculation preventer, binder, leather tanning agent, dispersant, thickener and additives.")
cnt(W4005,"A great number of metals and of metallic alloys can be used to store hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides, symbol MH, which act like sponges, occluding and releasing hydrogen through a reversible reaction.")
cnt(W4006,"a great sea wave produced by submarine earth movement or volcanic eruption")
cnt(W4007,"a Greek concept that sees the universe made up of integrated wholes that cannot be reduced into parts")
cnt(W4008,"A Greek white wine containing a small amount of pine resin.")
cnt(W4009,"A Greek word meaning household or dwelling (the science of ecology and the discipline of economics get their names from this term).")
cnt(W4010,"a green crop plowed back into the soil as an organic fertilizer")
cnt(W4013,"a ground driven implement consisting of two counter rotating steel cages per inter-row. The bars of the cages scrape across the soil at right angles to the direction of travel, thereby disturbing the surface soil and cutting, uprooting and burying small weeds.")
cnt(W4014,"a ground driven wheel with spring steel spokes that scratch diagonally across the crop row at about 2 cm depth. Used to remove small weeds from the rows of crops that are well established or are planted deeper than 2cm.")
cnt(W4015,"a ground store with a multitude of holes drilled in soil or rock")
cnt(W4016,"A groundwater recovery system involving low gradient tunnels or collecting galleries commonly used in Iran (ancient Persia)")
cnt(W4018,"A groundwater reservoir that is more or less separate from neighboring groundwater reservoirs by hydrogeological boundaries.")
cnt(W4019,"A groundwater system that has a source of recharge, a source of discharge, and a heat source. When magma supplies the heat source and volatiles, the hydrothermal system qualifies as magmatic hydrothermal system.")
cnt(W4020,"A group made of between 40 and 80 people of various ages and cultures who gather in a series of sittings, each of an hour and a half, in a sort of ""marathon"" (each lasts two to three days); the interactions and free associations that take place allow the superpersonal ""primordial matrix"" to emerge.")
cnt(W4022,"A group of 28 world leaders committed (in their own words) ""to making the world a better place for all its people"". The Commission’s report, Our Global Neighbourhood, published in 1995, suggests measures to enhance the security of people and management of the world economy and to strengthen the rule of law. The Commission has also proposed recommendations on enhancing the role of civil society and committing to a set of core values. More information on the Commission on Global Governance is available at: http: //www.cgg.ch.")
cnt(W4023,"A group of 7 to 10 people, and one or two leaders, that in Foulkes' version gathers once a week for an hour and a half for therapy. This method aims at making the group unconscious emerge, since through the application of specific analytical techniques it allows the activation of the ""dynamic matrix,"" the expression of this kind of unconscious.")
cnt(W4025,"A group of about thirty-four tree species adapted to living rooted in intertidal marine waters. This adaptation involves mechanisms to remove salt as well as special roots and gas transport mechanisms to survive on the highly reduced muddy sediments in their habitat.")
cnt(W4026,"A group of achondrite meteorites of similar age (4.5 Ga) and mutually complementary through the igneous process, occurring very often in a breccia form.")
cnt(W4027,"A group of actively dividing cells at the tip of growing buds and root ends.")
cnt(W4029,"A group of actually potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively, isolated from other such groups.")
cnt(W4030,"A group of aerobic bacteria which grow on methane as sole source of carbon and energy.")
cnt(W4031,"A group of agents (possibly with only one member) manipulates if its members report false preference orderings, and each profits as a result.")
cnt(W4032,"A group of agents and an allocation for the group, which upsets an objection.")
cnt(W4033,"A group of all the animals living in the same space.")
cnt(W4034,"A group of alumo-silicate minerals containing variable amounts of K, Na, Ca, widespread especially in magmatic and metamorphic rocks, and as detrital components in clastic sedimentary rocks. Minor amounts may form during diagenesis.")
cnt(W4035,"A group of angiosperms restricted to life in the sea, and which by in large have submarine reproduction.")
cnt(W4036,"A group of animals including all descendants of a common ancestor")
cnt(W4038,"A group of animals that does include some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor.")
cnt(W4039,"A group of animals whose body consists of two layers of cells, a gastrovascular cavity and sting cells in tentacles. They include jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, comb jellies, hydra, and sea fans.")
cnt(W4041,"a group of artifacts found in the same context.")
cnt(W4042,"A group of bacteria that are present in large numbers in human intestine. Their presence in wastewater indicates fecal pollution.")
cnt(W4044,"A group of buyers who set an upper limit on the price they will bid to any seller to buy a given quantity of a commodity at the minimum possible price.")
cnt(W4045,"A group of carbon-containing compounds (other than Organic methane), carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide, produced mostly from human activities. There are slight variations in the definition of NMVOC or VOC. In the US, an organic compound is not a VOC if it has a low reactivity or a low ability to contribute towards ozone formation by reaction with oxides of nitrogen, in the presence of sunlight. Thus, several chlorinated compounds and acetone are excluded or ""exempt."" However, these organic compounds are considered VOCs in many European countries. Also, in some countries an organic compound is excluded if its vapor pressure is less than 0.1 mm Hg.")
cnt(W4046,"A group of cells derived from a single ancestor. Identical copies of DNA segments.")
cnt(W4047,"a group of cells growing attached to a surface, usually encased in an extracellular matrix or polysaccharide capsule")
cnt(W4048,"A group of characteristics in part of a rock unit distinguishing that part from the rest of the rock unit.")
cnt(W4049,"A group of citizens summoned to the court to act as the finders of fact in a dispute before it.")
cnt(W4050,"A group of clades that are not related by evolution from an immediate common ancestor. Ancestrally unrelated evolutionary lines that may or may not look similar. For cladists and orthodox taxonomists alike polyphyletic groups cannot be considered true groups.")
cnt(W4051,"A group of closely related bacteria that have been used for many decades as the indicator of choice for drinking water. The group is defined as aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped bacteria that ferment the milk sugar lactose to produce acid and gas within 48 hours at 35 ºC.")
cnt(W4052,"a group of communities in a single region with similar physiognomy and related climatic and environmental conditions.")
cnt(W4055,"A group of compounds produced in the mevalonic acid pathway, also known as terpenoids")
cnt(W4056,"A group of compounds synthesized in the shikimate pathway, an example is the plant building material, lignin.")
cnt(W4057,"A group of compounds that contain a common four-ringed steroid nucleus.")
cnt(W4058,"A group of computers connected together in a way that allows them to send information back and forth among themselves.")
cnt(W4059,"A group of coupled NMR active nuclei.")
cnt(W4060,"A group of dams whose functions interact through the use of water stored in the reservoirs created by the dams.")
cnt(W4061,"a group of diplomats of one state working under the flag of a second (the protecting power) in the territory of a third")
cnt(W4062,"A group of E.coli (including E. coli O157: H7) capable of producing verotoxins which adversely affect bowel and kidney function.")
cnt(W4063,"A group of enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of cellulose into smaller units, such as glucose, maltose, hemicellulose, etc.")
cnt(W4065,"A group of experts and representatives of local interests, chosen at the commencement of a project to supervise and guide its progress through all phases up to its completion.")
cnt(W4066,"a group of experts in environmental law who provided advice to WCED on the legal aspects of sustainable development.")
cnt(W4068,"A group of federal governmental organizations providing professional training and information to different economic sectors.")
cnt(W4069,"A group of felsic, melanocratic, holocrystalline, plutonic, granitic rocks that contain hypersthene.")
cnt(W4070,"A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase.")
cnt(W4071,"A group of fish populations and species that is exploited, assessed and managed as a unit.")
cnt(W4073,"A group of freight cars that are gathered together so that they can be moved to a subsequent yard or terminal for further classification.")
cnt(W4074,"a group of fungi that live inside the plant, mostly in the aboveground parts.")
cnt(W4075,"A group of fused vertebrae to which the pelvic girdle in amphibians attaches.")
cnt(W4076,"a group of genes, such as the luxCDABEFG bioluminescence genes, that occur as a group one followed by the other, and that are expressed from a common promoter so that all the genes in an operon are simultaneously expressed")
cnt(W4078,"A group of genetically related facies, having some environmental significance.")
cnt(W4079,"a group of Gram-positive, nonsporing micro-organisms, which produce lactic acid as major end-product during the fermentation of carbohydrates.")
cnt(W4080,"A group of homeless families who illegally seized and occupied state-built housing in Delft South in the Cape Metropolitan Area in South Africa.")
cnt(W4081,"A group of indicators used for assessing sustainability.")
cnt(W4082,"A group of individuals composed of members of the Technical Committee and invited guests, with the specific intent of solving some particular problem or problems in a particular arena for recommendation to an OGC working group or to the OGC Technical Committee. A particular use of the special interest group structure is to generate abstract specification change proposals or issue (discussion or recommendation) papers. A working group is not a subcommittee as outlined by the by-laws of the OGC.")
cnt(W4083,"A group of individuals composed of members of the Technical Committee and invited guests, with the specific intent of solving some particular problem or problems in a particular arena for recommendation to the OGC Technical Committee. A particular use of the working group structure is to generate requests for information (RFIs) or requests for proposal (RFPs), and to evaluate responses")
cnt(W4084,"a group of individuals from a common ancestry.")
cnt(W4085,"A group of individuals isolated from other individuals by its reproduction strategy, and therefore genetically and ecologically distinct from other populations of the same species.")
cnt(W4091,"A group of individuals or (often business) entities that expect to benefit from certain policies of government.")
cnt(W4093,"A group of individuals who are interdependent and regularly interact within a defined physical space.")
cnt(W4094,"A group of individuals who share a common characteristic, e.g, a group of individuals entered in prospective study or a clinical trial.")
cnt(W4095,"A group of individuals with a relative in common.")
cnt(W4101,"A group of industries connected through vertical (e.g. supply chains) and horizontal relationships (e.g. co-production) and often geographically proximate to one another. Normally a cluster also contains support facilities such as aligned technical training, research, and standards organizations.")
cnt(W4102,"A group of influential trading towns in the north of Europe since the eleventh century.")
cnt(W4103,"A group of integrated software that facilitates planning process Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): A systematic, iterative process for evaluating the environmental consequences of policies, plans or programs on a par with economic and social considerations.")
cnt(W4105,"A group of interconnected electric devices.")
cnt(W4106,"A group of land owners or operators (two or more), who have mutually agreed to work together on drainage improvements within a certain defined area without the power to tax or condemn land.")
cnt(W4108,"A group of lines that carry data between units of a network.")
cnt(W4112,"A group of lymphocytes with a given specificity.")
cnt(W4113,"A group of macerals that originate from lignin and which have undergone humification and vitrinitization.")
cnt(W4115,"A group of macerals, which originate from spores, waxes, fats, resins, and oils of vegetable origin and comprises of sporinite, cutinite, suberinite, resinite, alginite, and lipitodetrinite. In low and medium rank coal it can be distinguished from vitrinite, but, in high rank coal, it cannot.")
cnt(W4117,"A group of macerals, which originate from woody tissue by forest fire and oxidized environment.")
cnt(W4119,"A group of macerals, which originates from lignin and has undergone humification and vitrinitization.")
cnt(W4123,"A group of meristematic cells at the tip of the root or stem that by division produce the precursors of the primary tissues of the root or stem.")
cnt(W4124,"A group of metals belonging to a group IIIA in sixth period of the Periodic Table.")
cnt(W4125,"A group of meteorites named after the places where the most prominent members of the group have been found: Shergotty, Nakhla, and Chassigny. Most meteorites are a few million to ten million-year-old basalts. Their age, mineralogy, and their isotopic characteristics suggest that their parent body is a planet and not an asteroid. The most likely parent planet of the SNCs is Mars.")
cnt(W4126,"A group of meteorites that show strong differentiation caused by melting. Principally it refers to a suite of igneous basaltic rocks and their complementary materials.")
cnt(W4127,"a group of methods of changing the biological structure of water ecosystem in order to improve its water quality.")
cnt(W4128,"A group of microorganisms whose growth is dependent on extreme environmental conditions, for example, high temperature or low pH.")
cnt(W4129,"A group of microscopic, primarily one-celled organisms.")
cnt(W4130,"A group of mineral reserves which can be extracted and used profitably with the available or advanced pilot mining and processing equipment and technology, with due account for the established legislation on mineral wealth conservation.")
cnt(W4131,"A group of mineral reserves which cannot be extracted and used profitably with the available machinery and technology but which can be added eventually to the group of balance reserves with the progress of technology.")
cnt(W4133,"A group of mountain ranges tied together by common geological features.")
cnt(W4134,"A group of multicellular marine plants, which reproduce by spores or fragments, and live largely attached to the seafloor.")
cnt(W4135,"a group of neurological disorders marked by decreased mobility, tremor, and muscle rigidity")
cnt(W4137,"a group of non digestible polysaccharides in the diet ")
cnt(W4138,"A group of non-polar vitamins belonging to the lipid class of biomolecules.")
cnt(W4139,"A group of observations, or a sample population, that characterizes the regional geochemical variation.")
cnt(W4140,"A group of observations, or sample population that characterizes the geochemical signature being sought.")
cnt(W4141,"a group of one or more generating sources, substations and connecting transmission and distribution lines operated under common management or supervision to supply load")
cnt(W4146,"A group of organisms defined by the possession of one or a combination of traits.")
cnt(W4148,"A group of organisms of any systematic rank (e.g., species, genus, family), given a scientific name or formally unnamed; a ""natural taxon"" is a monophyletic group and exists as a result of unique evolutionary history, contrary to non-natural paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa.")
cnt(W4149,"A group of organisms or evolutionary units (= Eus) that have evolved from a common ancestor. Such an evolutionarily coherent ancestral line is said to be an evolutionary branch or clade. For cladists only monophyletic groups can be true groups.")
cnt(W4150,"a group of organisms resembling each other. The latin origin (from speculare: ‘to look’) refers to morphological similarity, known as the morphological species concept. The biological species concept is based on genetic compatibility of successfully mating individuals, while the phylogenetic species concept define species as discrete units within a continuous process of evolution.")
cnt(W4152,"A group of organisms sufficiently distinct from other groups of organisms to be worthy of a name and to be ranked in a definite taxonomic category (e.g., the taxon Drosophila melanogaster refers to organisms [the most popular species of fruit-flies] named at the species category level; Drosophila is the taxon named and ranked at the genus level that refers to many fruit-flies species; the taxon Drosophilidae is a group of species and of genera of fruits flies named at the family category level).")
cnt(W4158,"A group of organisms visible only with a microscope (<0.1 microns); it includes bacteria, a large variety of protozoa, mainly flagellates, ciliates, amoebas, and frequently small organisms such as rotifers, crustacean larvae, and the smallest nematodes.")
cnt(W4159,"a group of people in Mexico and Mesoamerica whose ancient language is recorded in inscriptions on buildings, stelae, ceramics, etc.")
cnt(W4163,"a group of people who are connected to each other by birth and/or by choice, who express intimacy, affection, trust, and loyalty to each other, share a commitment to care for and nurture each other, and invest in each other's well-being. ")
cnt(W4167,"A group of people who share a common and distinctive culture.")
cnt(W4168,"A group of people who share the same language or language variety and agree on the norms of its use. ")
cnt(W4169,"A group of people with a common interest in an environmental project, activity, issue or problem. Different stakeholder groups usually have different and conflicting interests in the same environmental project, activity, issue or problem depending on their perception of its potential benefit or loss to them.")
cnt(W4171,"A group of persons requested by a government to perform a certain task.")
cnt(W4173,"A group of photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria).")
cnt(W4178,"A group of plant hormones, which induce cell division and often adventitious shoots, and in most cases inhibit adventitious roots. Cytokinins decrease apical dominance.")
cnt(W4179,"A group of plant species that can fix gaseous nitrogen through a special symbiotic association between host plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (species of Rhizobium and Frankia). Most nitrogen-fixing plants are legumes but not all the legumes are nitrogen fixing. Some non-legumes are also nitrogen fixing, such as Alnus spp., Elaeagnus spp., Hippophae spp., Myrica spp., etc.")
cnt(W4180,"a group of plants showing chemical compositional differences, either on the intra-, or inter-specific level.")
cnt(W4181,"a group of plants with distinctive heritable characteristics, as for example, resistance to an herbicide.")
cnt(W4182,"A group of players who cooperate.")
cnt(W4185,"A group of primitive invertebrates, the body similar to a sack. Includes jellyfishes.")
cnt(W4186,"A group of procaryotes, separated as a separate domain from the Archaea on the basis of comparative 16S rRNA studies and phenotypic properties.")
cnt(W4188,"A group of procaryotes, separated from the Bacteria as a separate domain, consisting of organisms basically differing from the Bacteria in 16S rRNA sequence and in a wealth of other properties.")
cnt(W4189,"A group of proteins capable of destroying cells in an organism.")
cnt(W4190,"A group of proteins with various regulatory and protective functions.")
cnt(W4191,"A group of ramets that are physically connected, usually by persistent rhizomes.")
cnt(W4192,"A group of related taxa that does not include all the descendants from a common ancestor.")
cnt(W4193,"A group of representations of natural or man-made discrete entities. Geo-objects have individual shapes and locations and, unlike geo-fields, do not usually cover the whole area of interest.")
cnt(W4195,"A group of results asserting that any social choice rule that can be implemented in Nash or Bayesian Nash equilibrium allows for an alternative truthful implementation in a direct game.")
cnt(W4196,"A group of rocks surrounded by older rocks; a remnant of a rock outcrop around which laterally equivalent rocks have been stripped away by erosion, thereby exposing underlying older rocks.")
cnt(W4198,"A group of semispecies.")
cnt(W4199,"A group of shared perspectives that aim to center the female experience and challenge forms of androcentrism—which is seen as having subordinated women’s social, political, and economic lives.")
cnt(W4201,"A group of signs of ecosystem dysfunction. The major signs include reduction in the diversity of biota, reduction in primary and secondary productivity, inefficiencies in nutrient transport including the ""leaking"" of nutrients out of the ecosystem, unusual prevalence of disease in both plant and animal components of the system, and wider amplitudes of fluctuation in component populations.")
cnt(W4202,"A group of southern conifers including the genera Dacrydium (rimu), Podocarpus (totara, miro), Dacrycarpus (kahikatea); the name means ‘fleshy fruit’ in reference to the fleshy stalks of the fruit.")
cnt(W4203,"A group of species fulfilling similar ecological roles.")
cnt(W4204,"A group of species thought to have similar impacts on ecosystem functioning (functional effect groups) in a given ecological setting. Other classifications emphasize similar responses to disturbance (functional response groups) or group species with similar traits. ")
cnt(W4205,"A group of stakeholders organized for the purpose of overseeing the development of a system or a component of a system.")
cnt(W4206,"A group of standards that apply for outdoor air throughout a country. The standards are aimed at reducing the amount of (AQS) emissions of criteria pollutants in the US (e.g., nitrogen oxides or VOCs or NMVOCs) or traditional pollutants as they are referred to in the EU. The standards are managed by means of local management (implementation) plans. The list of pollutants will vary from one country to another, and will generally include sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, particulate matter less than 10 micrometers (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), and lead. There are also AQS standards for ozone, which is formed from the reaction of volatile organic compounds with nitrous oxides in the presence of the sun’s energy.")
cnt(W4209,"A group of synthetic organic insecticides which are derivatives of phosphoric acid and act as nerve poison by inhibiting the enzyme AchE irreversibly.")
cnt(W4210,"A group of tailored cellulosic compounds that are derived from a designated modification of cellulose to create substituted cellulose with well defined structures.")
cnt(W4211,"A group of trees of multiple ages and/or sizes growing together in direct competition with surrounding trees.")
cnt(W4212,"A group of trees originating at about the same time without significant border competition from surrounding trees of different ages or sizes.")
cnt(W4214,"A group of two or more countries that agree not to impose tariffs on the goods traded among themselves. Each participating country will impose its own schedule of tariffs on imports from non-member countries.")
cnt(W4215,"a group of water-soluble accessory pigments, including phycocyanins and phycoerythrins, which occur in red algae and cyanobacteria.")
cnt(W4216,"A group of wind turbines interconnected through a system of transformers, transmission lines, and substations.")
cnt(W4219,"A group technique designed to gather stakeholders together to define requirements for an automated system.")
cnt(W4220,"A group technique used in organizational training. It is a small group that meets in a residential venue with the scope of analyzing a group's processes rather than its contents. During sessions, only the ""here and now"" is taken into consideration. It supports the processes of organizational and individual change.")
cnt(W4221,"A group that includes all the descendants of a common ancestor.")
cnt(W4222,"a group yellow compounds occurring in most plants")
cnt(W4223,"A group, or taxon, sharing a common ancestor with one other group.")
cnt(W4224,"A group, organization, or association seeking to influence legislation and lawmakers.")
cnt(W4225,"A group, which has no restrictions on communication channels and/or discussion procedures.")
cnt(W4226,"A grouping of 15 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) based on the goal of European unity through economic integration, a common foreign and security policy, and cooperation on justice and home affairs.")
cnt(W4227,"A grouping of many of the world’s major oil exporting nations, the objective is to control oil prices by varying the quantity of production by the member nations. It was formed in 1960.")
cnt(W4228,"A grouping of metals, without actual definition, but generally agreed upon.")
cnt(W4229,"A grouping of plants in a given area that is distinguishable from nearby vegetation.")
cnt(W4230,"a grouping of variables in such a form that the resulting expression has no dimensions.")
cnt(W4231,"a growing area (either protected or not) where living plants are produced with the aim to be sold for further use. According to the plants produced, we can talk about a tree nursery (for woody plants), a conifer nursery, a rose nursery (growing young rose plants), a a young plant nursery for propagation materials), a flower nursery etc.")
cnt(W4232,"a growth bud with fleshy scales, usually underground.")
cnt(W4233,"A guiding standard for an earlier era in development communication that sought to institute, even to impose, the communicative standards and institutionalized practices of leading, Western, industrialized nations on less-developed countries in an effort to induce and support economic, political, and cultural change predicated on the Western model.")
cnt(W4234,"A habitat created by abutment of very different habitats, or a transition area between them.")
cnt(W4235,"a habitat not perceptibly altered by humans.")
cnt(W4236,"a habitat which has been detectably changed by man actions or one which is managed by humans, but still resembles a natural habitat in the diversity of its species and the complexity of their interrelationships.")
cnt(W4238,"A hadron without baryon number, mainly built from one quark and one antiquark. Pions, kaons, rho, omega are mesons.")
cnt(W4240,"A halon may be any of a group of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, most of which are derived from methane or ethane by replacing some or all of the hydrogen atoms by atoms of the halogen series (fluorine, bromine, chlorine, or iodine). Halons are danger to the Earth's ozone shield.")
cnt(W4241,"A halt in drilling or tool retraction due to the bit becoming stuck in a rock fissure")
cnt(W4242,"A hamlet.")
cnt(W4243,"a hand held or mounted propane or butane torch or torches used to kill weeds by disrupting cell membranes. Normally used prior to emergence, but with care, they can be used post-emergence in crops like maize and onion that have a protected bud.")
cnt(W4244,"a hand-held or mechanical tool for boring holes.")
cnt(W4245,"A handline consists of a vertical line to which there are attached a sinker and at least one hook. They may be used with or without a pole or rod. For fishing in deep waters the lines are usually operated using reels. The bait used may be natural or artificial.")
cnt(W4246,"A hand-operated lever and bucket for extracting water from a well, as used in Egypt.")
cnt(W4247,"a haploid reproductive cell that fuses with another gamete forming a diploid cell, the zygote.")
cnt(W4248,"A harbor administration in charge of organizing activities carried out within the port area.")
cnt(W4249,"a hard crust occurring at the surface formed by the precipitation of salts found in arid and semi-arid regions.")
cnt(W4250,"A hard envelope covering plant cells.")
cnt(W4251,"A hard layer of fine-grained dry snow packed by the strong wind which is not anchored with an underlying snow.")
cnt(W4255,"A harmful gas, usually formed from the burning of sulfur containing fuels.")
cnt(W4256,"A harmful gas, usually the mixture of nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen monoxide; formed from the burning of nitrogen containing fuels.")
cnt(W4257,"a harmonious resolution of contradictions. Gratian (1090?-1155), teacher of canon law in Bologna is the father of this formulation. His Decretum, or Concordance of Discordant Canons (circa 1140), recognized almost immediately as the best collection of law compiled up to that time, includes material from the apocryphal Canons of the Apostles up through those enacted by Pope Innocent II (reigned 1130-43) and the Second Lateran Council (1139). Although topically irrelevant, the concept as such, viz. bringing under a single hat seemingly conflicting items, appeals by the simplicity of its paradoxical name.")
cnt(W4258,"a harrow designed to differentially pull or cover small weeds with minimal damage to crop plants. They consist of a frame carrying several rows of closely spaced spring steel or rigid but spring-loaded tines.")
cnt(W4260,"A HAS is an epistemological description about a person or group of persons, who are doing ""something"" in the Real World. This ""something"" depends on the interpretation of the observer(s) on what is happening in the Real World. Thus, it could be said:""person studying"", ""persons discussing"", ""men playing a soccer game"", ""men producing a relaxing time through a talk show"", etc.")
cnt(W4261,"A hash function h is a transformation that takes an input m and returns a fixed-size string, which is called the hash value.")
cnt(W4262,"A hay or pasture portion of a rotation system, including cultivated crops. The ley phase is usually biennial or perennial.")
cnt(W4265,"A hazardous substance that is detected but it is not present.")
cnt(W4266,"A hazardous substance that is present but not detected.")
cnt(W4267,"a hazardous waste cleanup under CERCLA that can be either short-term (removal) or long-term (remedial).")
cnt(W4268,"A health outcome measure that assigns a health-related quality of life to each period of time. Weight 1 corresponds to perfect health and weight 0 to a health state judged equivalent to death.")
cnt(W4269,"A heat engine, which main elements are a steam boiler, a steam turbine and a steam condenser.")
cnt(W4270,"A heat engine, whose main elements are a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine and some heat exchangers.")
cnt(W4271,"A heat exchanger that is added on to a refrigeration system to recover heat. It is installed on the cooling system between the discharge side of the compressor and the air-cooled condenser. The hot refrigerant from the cooling system transfers its heat to the water in the desuperheater. The desuperheater only captures the superheat from the refrigerant.")
cnt(W4272,"a heat exchanger which exchanges heat intermittently")
cnt(W4273,"A heat pump which utilizes the hydriding reaction and de-hydriding reaction heat of a metal hydride.")
cnt(W4274,"A heat transfer mechanism employed in most solar systems. Any object at a temperature greater than the absolute zero (-273°C) emits radiation with a wavelength and intensity dependent upon the absolute temperature of the object’s surface.")
cnt(W4275,"A heat treatment (generally below 100 °C) that kills most but not all micro-organisms present in food. Pasteurization is used generally for retardation of spoilage of heat-sensitive foods (e.g. milk, fruit juices). ")
cnt(W4278,"A heat treatment killing all microorganisms present in food assuring long term storage of foods.")
cnt(W4281,"A heated device used in gas chromatography. The liquid sample is introduced into the carrier gas stream, with simultaneous and instantaneous evaporation and mixing with the carrier gas prior to entering the column.")
cnt(W4282,"a heat-resistant heavy metal, existing in several oxidation states, mostly III and VI. Chromium (VI) compounds are more poisonous than chromium (III) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds will cause ulcer of the digestive organs and the lung.")
cnt(W4284,"A heavy sediment that is transported on or very near a stream bed by the natural flow of the stream.")
cnt(W4285,"a height above a surface with tall vegetation (large roughness elements) that the logarithmic wind profile is offset, usually about 0.6 to 0.8 units of the height of the vegetation.")
cnt(W4286,"A heme is a metal-containing cofactor that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. Although porphyrins do not necessarily contain iron, a substantial fraction of porphyrin-containing metalloproteins do in fact have heme as their prosthetic subunit.")
cnt(W4287,"A hen raised for egg production")
cnt(W4288,"A heritable (commonly but by no means always behavioral) strategy which, if adopted by (expressed in) most members of a population, cannot be supplanted in evolution by an alternative (mutant) strategy.")
cnt(W4291,"A heterogametic breeder will provide two types of gametes (i.e. a man will provide both X and Y spermatozoa).")
cnt(W4294,"A hexose (six carbon) sugar, e.g. glucose")
cnt(W4296,"A hierarchy of dynamical systems where the slow moving dynamical system generates potential bifurcation parameters for the fast moving dynamical system.")
cnt(W4297,"a hierarchy of memory systems in order to optimize speed, capacity and cost.")
cnt(W4298,"A high bandwidth serial bus standard introduced in 1995. Also called firewire.")
cnt(W4299,"A high efficiency lamp using a filament enclosed in a halogen gas.")
cnt(W4300,"A high efficiency outdoor lamp using a filament and pressurized sodium; produces orange light.")
cnt(W4301,"A high level language that has special strengths in interfacing with computer operating systems,")
cnt(W4302,"A high level language widely used in econometrics.")
cnt(W4304,"A high level programming language, widely used by numerical analysts.")
cnt(W4307,"A high molecular weight polyphenol consisting of units constructed from phenyl-propane derivatives. It occurs as a three-dimensional network located between cellulose micelles of supporting tissues of plants.")
cnt(W4308,"a high or low tone, indicated as H% or L%, respectively, associated with the edges of intonational phrases, to delimit this domain.")
cnt(W4309,"A high order explosion resulting from supersonic flame speed, relative to the unburned gas. It may be defined as a propagating reaction in which energy is transferred from the reaction zone on a reactive shock wave.")
cnt(W4313,"a high pressure propellant that behaves like gas inside the aerosol")
cnt(W4315,"A high wind filled with snow, blowing before snow flakes touch the earth surface.")
cnt(W4316,"A high-energy efficient system, which uses heat not only for generating electricity, but for other purposes.")
cnt(W4317,"a higher stage of interaction that entails an overarching framework that organizes knowledge in a new way and, in a new discourse, cooperation of multiple sectors of society and stakeholders in addressing complex problems")
cnt(W4318,"A higher than normal water level along open coast resulting from the action of storms and wind.")
cnt(W4319,"A higher-order function takes functions as arguments and/or returns functions as results. Frequently occurring computation patterns (program skeletons) can be expressed as higher-order functions.")
cnt(W4320,"a higher-order type of feedback in which data about feedback loop geometry and/or time pattern characteristics of important variables are used in an analysis and synthesis process that results in modification of the feedback structure to produce better time patterns in the future.")
cnt(W4321,"A highly adaptive flowering plant that grows in clayey or silty, intertidal, sheltered environments.")
cnt(W4322,"a highly branched polysaccharide,")
cnt(W4323,"a highly cohesive alliance among a group of states")
cnt(W4325,"A highly diverse and dynamic ecosystem composed of living and formerly living marine organisms (particularly coral species and algae) and their remains, rich in carbonate compounds, that have accumulated and compacted over thousands of years to form a rock substrate for the growth, shelter, and sustenance of abundant invertebrates, backboned animals, and plant species.")
cnt(W4326,"A highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated cell produced by certain Bacteria.")
cnt(W4327,"A highly influential 1960s–1970s quasi-political movement led by Lewis Binford to broaden the scope of Americanist archaeology beyond the particulars of artifact chronologies and spatial distributions that characterized the discipline in the first half of the twentieth century. This program was characterized by heavy emphasis on quantitative, functionalist, materialist, and ecological methods and techniques, and self-proclaimed investigation of cultural processes (the dynamic workings of culture both synchronically and diachronically).")
cnt(W4328,"A highly ionized gas composed of electrons and positive ions.")
cnt(W4329,"A Highly Leverage Institution (HLI) that collapsed with large losses. The US Federal Reserve Bank coordinated a rescue package with funds provided by banks and stockbrokers.")
cnt(W4330,"A highly penetrating type of nuclear radiation, similar to x-radiation, except that it comes from within the nucleus of an atom, and, in general, has a shorter wavelength")
cnt(W4331,"a highly persistent and toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon banned in the 1970s in the United States and other developed countries due to its unacceptable risk to wildlife and humans.")
cnt(W4332,"A highly sensitive bacterial test used for rapid detection of chemical mutagens in complex environmental mixtures.")
cnt(W4334,"A highly weathered subsurface horizon, with loamy fine sand or finer texture, at least 18 cm thick and with CEC < 16 me; it has similar clay ratio criteria with the overlying horizon as for the argillic horizon except for the presence of clay skins; the clay fraction is dominated by kaolinite and holds variable amounts of iron and aluminum hydroxides.")
cnt(W4335,"A high-pressure mafic rock composed of garnet and Na-rich clinopyroxene.")
cnt(W4336,"A high-pressure, high-temperature chemical process for synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a catalyst.")
cnt(W4337,"A high-protein (typically 6072%) animal feed ingredient, made mostly from small pelagic fish (industrial fish).")
cnt(W4338,"a high-speed passenger train including power cars with gas turbine engines.")
cnt(W4339,"A high-strain, non-coaxial planar zone dominated by crystal-plastic deformation mechanisms.")
cnt(W4341,"A hill or ridge of windblown sand. The height of a dune may range from less than 1 m to several hundred. Dunes may also attain different shapes, such as foredunes, barchans or parabolic dunes.")
cnt(W4342,"A Hindu and Buddhist water monster.")
cnt(W4343,"A hissing sound generated by the corona on conductors of overhead lines")
cnt(W4344,"A historical period when transactions between leaders of certain institutions elevate political parties to a degree of influence that makes parties the institutional alternative to the military and warfare.")
cnt(W4347,"a historical-structural approach to International Relations")
cnt(W4348,"A history phenomenon in which after absorbing hydrogen at a same temperature, the hydrogen is desorbed and at that time, a difference appears between absorption pressure and desorption pressure.")
cnt(W4349,"A Ho term for a village priest.")
cnt(W4350,"A holding tank in which the solid matter of continuously flowing sewage is disintegrated by bacteria and the soluble byproducts (effluent) are dispersed into or onto the soil.")
cnt(W4352,"A hole which is drilled into rock mass to be charged with explosives for blasting.")
cnt(W4353,"A holistic approach to creative problem solving in which a given problem is viewed as a system comprising components and dynamic interconnections among these components that may produce synergistic effects at the overall system level. Tools or methods developed in the field of Operational Research are often employed when solving systems engineering problems and vice versa.")
cnt(W4354,"A holistic conservation management approach with elements drawn on the concepts and the experience of bioregionalism, Man and the Biosphere Program, international conservation and development projects, protected area management, and ecosystem management. A bioregion is described as a territorial unit of planning and management defined by geographical limits of human communities and ecological systems, which is large enough to maintain the integrity of the region’s biological communities, habitats and ecosystems, yet small enough for local residents to consider it home. Bioregional management seeks to establish a political and institutional framework for cooperation among governments, communities and other stakeholders, with a planning process that incorporates cooperation, available information, goal setting, and evaluation and adaptation of management approaches. Bioregional conservation should be complementary to ecoregional conservation that tends to be more (natural) science-focussed. Both are compatible with the ecosystem approach.")
cnt(W4355,"A holistic ideology derived from the knowledge obtained about the behavior of all kind of systems.")
cnt(W4356,"A holistic system of the components performing a certain function in living systems. Biological systems include complex systems of the various levels of organization, biological macromolecules , subcellular organelles cells, organs, organisms, and populations.")
cnt(W4357,"A hollow needle attached to a syringe whereby drugs are injected through the skin.")
cnt(W4358,"A hollow, mostly cartilaginous organ, connecting the trachea and the pharynx, thus serving as the air passage and part of the speech tract. It contains the glottis with the vocal folds.")
cnt(W4359,"A homogametic breeder will provide only one type of gametes (i.e. a woman will only provide X oocytes).")
cnt(W4361,"A homogeneous crystal structure in which one more types of atoms may be partly substitute for the original atoms without changing the structure.")
cnt(W4362,"A homogeneous crystal structure in which two or more types of atoms may be arranged orderly.")
cnt(W4363,"A homogeneous deposit of ice formed by the freezing of super-cooled drizzle droplets, rain drops or fog on the earth? s surface or on objects.")
cnt(W4365,"A homogeneous, fine grained silt-size wind-blown deposit covering extensive areas in northern Europe and North America.")
cnt(W4367,"a horizon used in classifying a soil; these can be either epipedons or subsurface horizons (examples include the mollic epipedon and spodic B horizon).")
cnt(W4368,"A horizontal axis turbine for low-head utilization.")
cnt(W4370,"A horizontal part of the slope of an embankment or cutting.")
cnt(W4372,"A horizontal stem that is below ground.")
cnt(W4373,"A horizontal transport of the air mass or other matters with its properties (heat advection, water vapor advection, ice advection, etc).")
cnt(W4376,"A hormone released by the kidneys that regulates erythropoiesis.")
cnt(W4377,"A hormone that stimulates the development of female sex characteristics.")
cnt(W4379,"A Horn clause is a logic implication whose first part is a (possibly empty) conjunction of  atomic formulas and whose second part is an atomic formula where all variables are universally quantified. A logic program is a collection of Horn clauses called rules and facts.")
cnt(W4382,"a human being is a person in the full sense of the term (that is, a being that has beliefs with a determinate content) only in virtue of being part of a community of thinking beings.")
cnt(W4383,"a human being who strives for goodness and perfection, not out of following the commands of a higher will, but instead out of playful desire. (Schiller, Kant)")
cnt(W4384,"A human cancer cell line (colorectal adenocarcinoma)")
cnt(W4385,"A human ecology theory in ancient China advocating proposing five fundamental elements and movements (wood, fire, soil, metal, and water) in all ecosystems that form and restrain each other.")
cnt(W4386,"A human option to maximize the use of the land in a sustainable way, taking into consideration its natural capacity to support the development of different social and economic activities. It is especially important during current land use restructuring in Russia. A condition where the social strains generated within a society do not hinder the continuous enhancement of the standards of living of that society.")
cnt(W4387,"a human or machine function that transforms a task into an activity. It has a role, a context of validity, and a set of resources.")
cnt(W4388,"a human settlement that does not, over time, destroy its life support systems.")
cnt(W4389,"A human-dominated ecosystem driven by social and economic activities, sustained by natural life-support systems, and vitalized by ecological processes. It might be a region, a watershed, a city, a village, a farm, a factory, or a family.")
cnt(W4390,"A humanistic approach to archaeological interpretation that embraces the epistemology of subjectivity, critically evaluates how the social and cultural context of archaeology and archaeologists affect their interpretations of the past, and focuses upon the meaning of past human behaviors.")
cnt(W4391,"A human-made fissile isotope of plutonium that is made in reactors and is highly toxic and radioactive, with half-life of 24 000 years. Plutonium is used in nuclear weapons, and its production is maximized in breeder reactors. It takes only 10 kg of plutonium to produce a nuclear weapon.")
cnt(W4392,"A hurricane in the north Pacific west of the International Date Line.")
cnt(W4393,"a hut used by nomadic Indians of arid regions, usually with an oval base and a rough frame covered with reed mats, grass, or brushwood; a rude temporary shelter or hut.")
cnt(W4394,"a hyaline rod found in the style sac of the stomach of some bivalves and gastropods. It releases enzymes into the stomach as it rotates and slowly dissolves.")
cnt(W4395,"A hybrid between wheat and rye.")
cnt(W4396,"A hybrid electric vehicles propelled by both internal combustion engine and rechargeable battery.")
cnt(W4397,"A hybrid form of a gene (or protein) containing sequences from two or more parents.")
cnt(W4398,"A hydraulic device consisting of a shaft open to the atmosphere connected to a tunnel or pipeline for the purpose of eliminating water hammer pressures and surge oscillations.")
cnt(W4399,"A hydraulic operating system that resembles the action of a thermionic (radio valve), in that a small control current can deflect a large power current in either of two directions corresponding to “on” or “off” states.")
cnt(W4400,"A hydraulic overflow structure or flow release passage situated closed to or forming part of a dam, for the purpose of discharging surplus and floodwater from a reservoir.")
cnt(W4401,"A hydride formed with two kinds of metallic elements.")
cnt(W4403,"A hydrocarbon product produced by the conversion of coal, oil shale, or tar sand bitumen that resembles conventional crude oil; can be refined in a petroleum refinery.")
cnt(W4405,"A hydrocarbon product produced by the conversion of coal, oil shale, or tar sand bitumen that resembles conventional crude oil; can be refined in a petroleum refinery.")
cnt(W4407,"A hydroelectric plant that operates on water obtained from the natural flow of the stream without storage or without an appreciable amount of pondage.")
cnt(W4408,"A hydro-electric project that is not utilizing a storage dam and reservoir.")
cnt(W4409,"a hydrogen isotope with an atom formed by one proton and 2 neutrons (mass number is equal to 3)")
cnt(W4411,"a hydrogen isotope without neutrons in its atoms.")
cnt(W4413,"a hydrogen isotope. A proton and neutron form its atom.")
cnt(W4415,"A hydrogen purification method using selective dissolution and permeation of hydrogen through a palladium alloy membrane.")
cnt(W4419,"A hydrogen–air mixture formed in the atmosphere by leakage of a considerable amount of gaseous or liquid hydrogen.")
cnt(W4423,"A hydrogeologic unit of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material bounding one or more aquifers and is a general term that replaces aquitard, aquifuge, aquiclude.")
cnt(W4424,"A hydrogeologic unit which has no interconnected openings and, hence cannot store or transmit water.")
cnt(W4425,"A hydrogeologic unit which, although porous and capable of storing water, does not transmit it at rates sufficient to furnish an appreciable supply for a well or spring.")
cnt(W4427,"A hydrological gauging structure in the form of a parallel-sided or converging and diverging channel, for measuring flow by means of recording the stage, or water level, above the lowest level of the structure.")
cnt(W4428,"A hydrological gauging weir consisting of a number of sections at different levels that may or may not be separated by short training walls parallel to the flow.")
cnt(W4429,"A hydrological measuring technique where a current meter is suspended from a cableway crossing a river, allowing vertical and horizontal control of the flow gauging points.")
cnt(W4430,"a hydrological or persistent climatological drought index, which attempts to quantify the scope, severity, and frequency of prolonged periods of abnormally dry weather.")
cnt(W4432,"A hydrolysis degradation reaction of sugars or a polysaccharide, such as cellulose, occurred in an alkaline medium. In the case of cellulose, the reaction gives an isosaccharinic acid and a new end group in a chain, one monomer shorter than the original for each peeling until being brought to an end by the formation of a metasaccharinic end group, also called endwise depolymerization.")
cnt(W4433,"A hydropolitical security is defined by Schulz as those states that are geographically part ""owners"" and technically ""users"" of shared rivers and, as a consequence, they all consider the rivers as a major national security issue. In this regard, Buzan notes that security complexes can be treated as objects for policy in the sense that problems can only be resolved within the context of the relevant complex as a whole. This is particularly valid in the case of freshwater ecosystems such as shared river basins.")
cnt(W4434,"A hydropower producing unit converting the kinetic energy of water, issuing from a jet, directly into mechanical energy (a Pelton wheel).")
cnt(W4435,"A hydropower producing unit, converting the pressure energy of water, conducted from a closed conduit and enclosing casing, to mechanical energy (Francis, Kaplan, Bulb, or Straflow type turbines).")
cnt(W4436,"A hydrostatic technique for shaping powders using plastic binders and relatively low temperatures and pressures.")
cnt(W4437,"A hyperaccumulator is an organism which can take-up toxic or hazardous species in an extremely high concentration and accumulate it in its tissue without adverse (toxic) effects.")
cnt(W4438,"A hyper-linked multi-media document, including interactive software components, provided by Web server and readable by Web browser.")
cnt(W4439,"A hypermedia version of a graphical map with embedded links to related information, such as images, text, and adjacent or more detailed maps.")
cnt(W4440,"A hypothesis or anticipatory description of something essentially unknown. It implies an attitude of consciousness towards the search for the deep meaning of things. A symbol remains vital until it is loaded with its hidden meaning; once this meaning has been explicated and clarified the symbol holds only a historical significance. Through the symbol transforming action, psychic energy is orientated towards development, both in the personal and in the collective dimension.")
cnt(W4441,"A hypothesis that core problems of global change form typical clusters where these cumulate and lead to situations of crisis.")
cnt(W4442,"A hypothetical ancestral cellular form that gave rise to the first prokaryotes.")
cnt(W4443,"A hypothetical and idealized world where all individuals sit behind a veil of ignorance and agree on the rules for the society.")
cnt(W4444,"A hypothetical disk structure surrounding the young sun. It has essentially the same composition as the Sun, namely composed mainly of hydrogen and helium with a small amount of dust. Planets are formed from the solar nebula.")
cnt(W4445,"A hypothetical elementary particle bearing the unit of magnetic charge. The notion of magnetic monopole is usually associated with the name of English physicist P.A.M.Dirac, who speculated on the eventual properties of such particle in quantum physics. Monopoles are still crowded in most modern elementary particle theories, however, in spite of years of searches (not too intense, to say the truth) their existence was not as yet ascertained.")
cnt(W4446,"A hypothetical global sphere of reason and information (from Greek noos, ""mind,"" by analogy with biosphere). Some hypotheses propose that the present and future evolution of life is entering a new phase of ""virtual"" competition of ideas, strategies, and information, in contrast to the former development of physical bodies.")
cnt(W4448,"A hypothetical rock formed by the emplacement isotopes in carbonates of marine fossil shells.")
cnt(W4449,"a hypothetical state of a molecule corresponding to lack of oscillatory and rotary motions at ? = 0 oK.")
cnt(W4450,"A hypothetical volume within a porous medium large enough that continuum mechanics are valid, but small enough that conditions are homogeneous with respect to hydraulic parameters.")
cnt(W4451,"A important process during peatification, which is particularly severe on the peat surface and immediately below in the so-called ""peatigenic layer."" In the process humic acids form.")
cnt(W4452,"a increase in death rate or decrease in birth rate as population density increases.")
cnt(W4453,"A index for appraising the caking properties of coal; one of the National Standards of China to appraise the ability of forming coke from coal.")
cnt(W4454,"a Japanese environmental NGO working on the climate change issue")
cnt(W4455,"A Java program that can be downloaded from a web server and executed in a Java-enabled web browser.")
cnt(W4456,"A jet is the discharge of fluid from an orifice or slot into large body of the same or similar fluid.")
cnt(W4457,"A JIT system developed by Toyota, meaning ""card"" or ""visible record."" It refers to cards used to control the flow of production through a factory.")
cnt(W4458,"a job (a program) or its part in execution state (process).")
cnt(W4461,"A Johkasou system which treat all domestic wastewater including human excreta.")
cnt(W4463,"A Johkasou system which treat only human excreta.")
cnt(W4465,"A joining process in which pre-machined components are held under load at an elevated temperature while in a protective atmosphere.")
cnt(W4466,"A Josephson junction formed by the combination of superconducting electrodes, S, on either side of an insulating barrier, I.")
cnt(W4467,"A Josephson junction formed over a step created in a substrate where the HTS thin film forms a grain boundary at the step edge.")
cnt(W4468,"A journal that specializes in providing summaries (called abstracts) of articles and other documents published within the scope of a specific academic discipline or field of study.")
cnt(W4469,"A journey to a certain destination for more than one purpose, which often reduces the total number of trips.")
cnt(W4470,"a judicial or quasi-judicial process resulting in a judgment for or against a party to the dispute.")
cnt(W4471,"a junctional specialisation between the plasma membrane of two neighbouring cells, sometimes likened to a 'spot weld'.")
cnt(W4472,"A jurisdiction line generally parallel and some distance inland from the shoreline marking a seaward limit for development or other socioeconomic activities.")
cnt(W4473,"A jury's decision on the guilt or non-guilt of a defendant.")
cnt(W4474,"a kernel being a finite sum of terms, which are products of two functions; one of them depends on the variable of integration and another one depends on a parametric variable.")
cnt(W4475,"a kernel is regular if its square is integrable.")
cnt(W4476,"A kernel parameter which determines the smoothness of a kernel representation.")
cnt(W4477,"a kernel which is not integrable in the usual sense but is integrable in some singular sense.")
cnt(W4478,"A keyhole-shaped plasma/plasma cavity in the melt pool during laser welding. This is beneficial for trapping the laser beam and enabling deep penetration welding.")
cnt(W4479,"A keystone species is a species on which the persistence of a large number of other species in the ecosystem depends due to its function in the food web or/and habitat structuring abilities.")
cnt(W4481,"a kind of (ornamental) plant crop grown usually under a structure covered with glass or plastic, giving protection.")
cnt(W4482,"a kind of (ornamental) plant crops grown usually in the open field, without any protection.")
cnt(W4483,"A kind of amino acid.")
cnt(W4484,"A kind of amino acid.")
cnt(W4485,"A kind of amino acid.")
cnt(W4486,"A kind of amino acid-containing sulfur.")
cnt(W4487,"A kind of chemical energy which is the source of all the biological actions.")
cnt(W4488,"a kind of climate typical of inland regions, with a cold winter and hot and rainy summer, because of the continent effect.")
cnt(W4489,"A kind of coal that is made of adpressed coal powder, with fixed size and density.")
cnt(W4491,"A kind of compound agro-ecosystem used in south China. It has a complicated structure with advantages that are of great theoretical and practical importance, especially its economic return from integrated mulberry dike-fish pond system, which are greater than those obtained from cultivating fruit trees or rice on the dike.")
cnt(W4492,"A kind of computer display technique that presents most information compactly with lesser detail (the context part), but some of the information is with greater detail (the focus part). A kind of fisheye view.")
cnt(W4493,"a kind of consumption typical of the upper strata of the society who want to demonstrate status in the public sphere through the use of consumer goods in leisure practices, trying to maximize prestige rather than utility.")
cnt(W4494,"A kind of debris flow of which interstitial fluid is very dense slurry of the cohesive material, and the laminar particle dispersing effect plays the dominant role in the mechanics of flow.")
cnt(W4495,"A kind of debris flow within which the coarse particle mixture layer occupies only a lower part of the depth.")
cnt(W4496,"a kind of desert covered by gravel or pebble, usually with little or no soil and vegetation. “Gobi” is a term from the Mongolian language, meaning “land which is difficult for growing grasses and trees”.")
cnt(W4497,"A kind of electromagnet with resistive windings cooled by a sort of cryogenic fluid, i.e. liquid nitrogen, with the goal to lower the windings resistance in order to cut the power consumption.")
cnt(W4498,"A kind of epibranchial organ found only in argentiniform fishes; it is characterized by the presence of an accessory cartilage arising from the posterior part of the 5th ceratobranchial; the 5th epibranchial is normal; crumenal is Latin for pouch.")
cnt(W4499,"A kind of equivalent pressure that accounts for the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior.")
cnt(W4500,"A kind of fermentation.")
cnt(W4501,"A kind of fluid of which shearing stress is proportional to the nth power (n > 1) of the shear rate.")
cnt(W4502,"A kind of fluid that has yield strength and the excess shear stress (the applied shear stress minus the yield stress) is proportional to the shear rate.")
cnt(W4504,"A kind of four coal lithotype, dark in color and dim in luster, composed of more than two macerals. It generally contains more exinite and inertinite, and sometimes more minerals.")
cnt(W4505,"A kind of four coal lithotype, with a strong luster and composed of more than two kinds of macerals.")
cnt(W4506,"A kind of four lithotypes, silk-like in luster, of mono-composition in macerals, and with a fibroid structure.")
cnt(W4507,"A kind of four lithotypes, strong in luster, near glass luster, mainly composed of vitrinite.")
cnt(W4508,"A kind of gas purification method using an adsorption agent such as molecular sieves. The process first adsorbs and collects impurities under the pressurized condition and then discharges impurities under the reduced pressure condition.")
cnt(W4509,"A kind of high rank bituminous coal in Chinese coal classification. Its volatile matter is between 14 and 20% and the maximum thickness of its plastic layer is between 0 and 12mm.")
cnt(W4510,"A kind of humic coal between lignite and anthracite, by the volatile matter content, it can be divided into three parts—high, medium and low volatile bituminous coal.")
cnt(W4513,"A kind of humic coal that carbon content (dry-ash-free basis) generally is less than 10%, hydrogen content not more than 4%. It was formed through metamorphism of bituminous coal.")
cnt(W4516,"A kind of inertial debris flow comprised of the large particles as to make the relative depth, H/dp less than about 30, and the interparticle collision plays the dominant role in the mechanics of flow.")
cnt(W4517,"A kind of inertial debris flow comprised of the small but non-cohesive particles as to make the relative depth larger than about 30, and the macroscale turbulence of the mixture of water and particles plays the dominant role in the mechanics of flow.")
cnt(W4518,"A kind of instrument used in ozone observation.")
cnt(W4519,"A kind of knowledge, based on the getting of  relative informational advantage, which emerges due to individual ability  of some individuals  to estimate relevant information better and quicker then others.")
cnt(W4520,"A kind of land use described or defined in a degree of detail greater than that of a major kind of land use. In the context of rain fed agriculture, a land utilization type refers to a crop, combination or cropping system with a specified technical and socio-economic setting.")
cnt(W4521,"A kind of land use described or defined in terms of management, economic and technical inputs.")
cnt(W4522,"A kind of land use described or defined in terms of management, economics, and technical inputs.")
cnt(W4523,"A kind of leukocytes capable to internalize and kill microorganisms. Two main types of phagocytes exist: monocytes/macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.")
cnt(W4524,"A kind of melioration aimed at the protection of farmlands from floods via the creation of dams, levees, water reservoirs, pumping stations, and water-removing channels and drains.")
cnt(W4525,"A kind of method that measures the hardness of rock.")
cnt(W4526,"A kind of new clean fuel that is made of coal powder, water and additives, in fixed proportion.")
cnt(W4527,"A kind of oil shale deposited near the Baltic Coast in Estonia and Russia.")
cnt(W4528,"A kind of parting in coal bed, its component is mainly the kaolinite, often containing the volcanic ash")
cnt(W4530,"A kind of regionalization of state territory by central authorities aimed to control it, to organize territorial division of state institutions, local (self-)government, or authorities, to raise taxes, to collect and to diffuse information, and (in democratic countries) to facilitate representation of the population in state legislative bodies.")
cnt(W4531,"A kind of saline clay soil with a particular structure, density and water regime. Solonchaks occupy low areas.")
cnt(W4532,"A kind of salt deposition from thermal fluids, which determines the closure of active fractures in the reservoir rocks.")
cnt(W4533,"A kind of secondary batteries, which consists of an anode made from nickel hydroxide and a cathode made from metal hydride.")
cnt(W4536,"a kind of soil of sandy deserts formed on the lowest part of the land. Takyr is a clayey soil with very high density and high salt content.")
cnt(W4537,"a kind of solid crystal forming when methane gas and water are mixed together under certain conditions (higher pressure and lower temperature)., its molecular formula can be written as CH4 ´ nH2O; n is a number of water molecular depending on the composition conditions. ")
cnt(W4538,"A kind of synthetic fiber mat, using the process much like the production of paper from pulp into a cloth material.")
cnt(W4539,"A kind of underground mining, with the mode of excavating room and supporting pillar; this method is widely used for mining coal and oil shale for thick deep buried deposits.")
cnt(W4540,"a kind of workers union in China.")
cnt(W4541,"A Kingdom of simple non-motile organisms containing no chlorophyll, having a vegetative structure not differentiated into roots, stems, or leaves (molds and yeasts belong to this big group).")
cnt(W4542,"a knowledge database in an organization that serves as the institutional memory and the mechanism for sharing and preserving throughout the organization")
cnt(W4543,"A knowledge integration strategy favored by nineteenth-century German idealist philosophers, which aims to recover a holistic sense of inquiry by overcoming differences between bodies of knowledge.")
cnt(W4544,"A knowledge system is strongly coupled to an occupational role in society, the exercise of the respective occupational activity being restricted to those persons having undergone systematic education in the knowledge system beforehand.")
cnt(W4545,"a knowledge worker who is able to think both inside and outside of the ""organizational box"", and is characterized as a self-directed, organizational knowledge creator.")
cnt(W4547,"A knowledge-based economy is one with the occupation, input, and allocation of intelligent resources and the production, allocation (distribution), and consumption (use) of intelligent products as its most important elements.")
cnt(W4548,"a knowledge-based principle for solving a technical problem")
cnt(W4549,"a knowledge-based recombination for solving a technical problem")
cnt(W4550,"A known hazard impact from the past upon whose effects and implications planning for the next event is based.")
cnt(W4551,"A K-rich lava.")
cnt(W4552,"A K-saturated structure of cardinality         .")
cnt(W4553,"A La Niña event is characterised by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. This event has the opposite characteristics of an El Niño event, and also the opposite effects on global weather patterns.")
cnt(W4554,"A lab technique which uses DNA manipulation procedures to produce a recombinant DNA molecule and then to make multiple copies of it by inserting it into the genome of a host microorganism which is then grown in culture.")
cnt(W4555,"a label for a variety of interactions that aim to integrate concepts, methods, data, or epistemology of multiple disciplines around a particular question, theme, problem, or idea")
cnt(W4556,"A label used to describe a related set of intangible or non-concrete characteristics or qualities in which individuals differ. A label applied to a dimension along which individuals vary.")
cnt(W4557,"A laboratory measure of the propensity of a soil to adsorb phosphate from solution over a 16 hour period; a good measure of the amount of short range order clays in a soil.")
cnt(W4558,"A laboratory procedure in which RNA molecules are copied into cDNA molecules (complementary strands of DNA) prior to using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.  See also polymerase chain reaction (PCR).")
cnt(W4559,"A laboratory technique for separating molecular mixtures (usually proteins or DNA fragments). Different components move different distances through an electrical field within the gel and are then revealed by staining.")
cnt(W4560,"A laboratory technique in which tiny concentrations of a specific DNA sequence are amplified in the test tube into amounts large enough for analysis by sequencing or hybridization.")
cnt(W4561,"A laboratory that provides a safe environment for working with the most dangerous pathogens, including those for which there is no specific treatment or vaccine.")
cnt(W4562,"A lack of state out-puts regarding civil and political rights, welfare expenditure, livelihood security, resource management, income and job creation.")
cnt(W4563,"A lack of sureness about the accuracy of the data being used for an application.")
cnt(W4564,"a lake characterized by high concentrations of nutrients and biogenic matter, and by highly developed phytoplankton in summer.")
cnt(W4565,"A lake in which the water mixes continuously, from top to bottom, throughout the period when it is free of ice.")
cnt(W4566,"A lake lacking plant nutrients and usually containing plentiful amounts of dissolved oxygen.")
cnt(W4567,"A lake separated from the sea by sandbars")
cnt(W4568,"A lake that features two distinct layers of water, with the top layer being warm and aerobic, and the lower layer being cold and anoxic.")
cnt(W4569,"A lake whose water circulates completely from top to bottom")
cnt(W4570,"A lake whose water is permanently stratified and therefore does not circulate completely at any time during the year.")
cnt(W4571,"a lake with an average content of biogenic matter and moderate rates of primary production.")
cnt(W4572,"a lake with extremely low content of biogenic matter and limited biota as a result.")
cnt(W4573,"a lake with low content of biogenic matter.")
cnt(W4575,"A lamb without a mother or one whose mother has rejected it.")
cnt(W4577,"A land attribute that refers to the basic requirements of land use and that influences land suitability.")
cnt(W4578,"A land characteristic or quality which adversely affects the potential of land for a specified land utilization type.")
cnt(W4580,"A land covered by peat and characterized by a high water table. Peatlands are found from polar latitudes to the tropics. The word’s peatlands are highly concentrated carbon stores.")
cnt(W4581,"A land mass composed of light granitic rock riding on the denser rocks of the upper mantle.")
cnt(W4583,"A land use system where forest is cut and usually burned, the area cultivated with agricultural crops for some time until soil fertility declines, and then abandoned to shift the same activities to another patch of land. Predominantly employed in the tropics today. ")
cnt(W4584,"A landfill operated so as to deliberately degrade its contents as rapidly as possible, with the majority of the degradation taking place under aerobic conditions.")
cnt(W4586,"A landscape that fulfils more than one major human need, be it land use related or focused on social issues. Examples are agricultural production coupled with wildlife habitats or drinking water storage, or scenic beauty coupled with residence functions.")
cnt(W4587,"a language associating tonal configurations to phonological words to express lexical contrasts. e.g. Japanese, Swedish, Croatian.")
cnt(W4588,"a language associating tones to each tone-bearing unit to express lexical contrasts, e.g. Thai.")
cnt(W4589,"A language for defining hypertexts, embodying the capability of specifying text, graphics, multimedia options, scripting languages, style sheets, and printing facilities. HTML is developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is the most used publishing language of the World Wide Web, even if several new standards are emerging.")
cnt(W4590,"A language for terms built-up from given types and typed variables with application and functional abstraction. The terms denote functions on the type structure over given, basic sets.")
cnt(W4591,"a language generated by a finite state automaton")
cnt(W4592,"a language generated by a Turing machine")
cnt(W4593,"a language generated by a Turing machine and whose complement may also be generated by a Turing machine")
cnt(W4594,"A language of wider communication that is used among different groups of individuals not sharing a common language.")
cnt(W4596,"A language without native speakers. ")
cnt(W4597,"A large ancient continent comprising two or more of the present continents.")
cnt(W4598,"A large and densely populated urban area that may include several independent administrative districts. Strictly speaking a city is a large town with a corporation and cathedral, but any large town can be so called in ordinary speech. In the Bible a city a town having walls and gates.")
cnt(W4600,"A large and diverse mixture of green plant material such as that derived from grasses, arable crop residues, and shrub and tree prunings.")
cnt(W4601,"A large Archaean and Paleoproterozoic craton of some 4.5 million square kilometers area. It includes two major shields:the Man Shield and the Reguibat Shield.")
cnt(W4602,"a large area of groundwater occurrence characterized by presence of one or several stored confined aquifers.")
cnt(W4603,"A large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities that (a) share a large majority of their species and ecological dynamics; (b) share similar environmental conditions, and; (c) interact ecologically in ways that are critical for their long-term persistence. The use of the term ecoregion is an outgrowth of a surge of interest in ecosystems and their functioning. In particular, there is awareness of issues relating to spatial scale in the study and management of landscapes. It is widely recognized that interlinked ecosystems combine to form a whole that is ""greater than the sum of its parts."" There are many attempts to respond to ecosystems in an integrated way to achieve ""multi-functional"" landscapes and various interest groups from agricultural researchers to conservationists are using the ecoregion as a unit of analysis. ")
cnt(W4604,"A large basin shaped volcanic depression more or less circular or cirqus-like in form the diameter of which is many times greater than that of the included vent or vents.")
cnt(W4605,"A large bell-shaped subterranean cistern of the dry northern Yucatan Peninsula used by the ancient Maya.")
cnt(W4606,"A large body of intrusive igneous rock that solidified within the crust.")
cnt(W4607,"A large bowl-shaped laccolith with a large depression in the center.")
cnt(W4608,"A large chemical family of compounds composed of hydrogen and carbon.")
cnt(W4611,"A large corporation incorporating several independent units that positions itself as the regulator of environmental imperfections and uncertainties.")
cnt(W4612,"A large electrical vacuum tube present in a monitor that transforms electrical signals into tiny bursts of light that form an image visible to the user of a microprocessor system.")
cnt(W4613,"A large elongated depression bordering the continental margin and formed when a plate subducts beneath another plate.")
cnt(W4614,"A large exposure of metamorphosed rocks that were buried at considerable depths prior to their exhumation in the footwall of a low-angle extensional normal fault zone, which ultimately juxtaposes units that originated at various depths.")
cnt(W4615,"A large family of enzymes that activate short-chain fatty acids or amino acids as acyl-adenylates (acyl-AMP).")
cnt(W4616,"A large family of water-dissolved liquid finishes designed to repel moisture and resist wear.")
cnt(W4617,"A large geographic province in which living organisms are similar.")
cnt(W4618,"a large gland opening to the stomach that is usually brown. It is responsible for secreting enzymes and digestion and also contains excretory cells. Most mollusks have a pair of digestive glands but one is reduced or lost in most gastropods (= hepatopancreas or mid-gut gland).")
cnt(W4619,"A large group of people who are present in the same place at the same time for a common purpose.")
cnt(W4620,"A large group that comes together only one or a few times.")
cnt(W4624,"A large mass of celestial bodies gathered in the periphery of the solar system. It is the last remnant of the planetary formation process.")
cnt(W4626,"A large mass of snow descending along mountain slope.")
cnt(W4633,"A large number of small, closely spaced veins, often with many different orientations, are referred to as a ""stockwork"" and sometimes as a ""stringer zone.""")
cnt(W4634,"A large organization operating in many different countries and making it difficult to establish where it is based.")
cnt(W4636,"a large pouch opening between the root of the tail and the anus. Found in the European badger (but no other European mustelid), it contains a yellow, fatty substance comprised of a mixture of sebaceous and sudoriferous gland material.")
cnt(W4637,"a large protease found in eukaryotic cells, which has multiple protease activities and participates in degradation of proteins that have been ubiquitin-labeled.")
cnt(W4639,"A large self-gravitating globe of gas which—if not in an end-state—obtains its luminosity from nuclear fusion processes in its interior. The Sun is the nearest star to Earth.")
cnt(W4642,"a large tank of cool water through which heat-processed cans pass following retorting")
cnt(W4643,"a large tank on wheels capable of pumping its contents into another machine, e.g., fuel bowser, water bowser.")
cnt(W4644,"A large topographic depression located between the Tibetan Plateau and the Tien Shan.")
cnt(W4648,"A large volume of interstellar gas and dust.")
cnt(W4651,"a large, dramatic event that draws sudden attention to a problem.")
cnt(W4652,"a large, high cost computer for very good performance.")
cnt(W4653,"A large, Late Proterozoic super continent that broke up during the latest Proterozoic and Cambrian.")
cnt(W4654,"A large, roughly triangular body of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river.")
cnt(W4655,"A large, sheet-like body of torn-off crustal rocks that was transported along a basal, gently inclined or horizontal thrust fault into a superposition over a foreign substratum.")
cnt(W4658,"A large-sample chi-square test used to compare models.")
cnt(W4659,"A large-sample chi-square test used to make a statistical comparison among survival curves.  It emphasizes the earlier part of the survival curves.")
cnt(W4660,"A large-sample chi-square test used to make a statistical comparison among survival curves. It emphasizes the later part of the survival curves.")
cnt(W4661,"A large-sample Z-test used to test for the significance of a specified variable.")
cnt(W4666,"A large-scale climate state and forcing pattern in the past that is similar to a current situation in its essential characteristics.")
cnt(W4667,"A large-scale conservation approach that tries to accomplish the most commonly accepted goals of conservation (1) representing all kinds of ecosystems, across their natural range of variation, in protected areas; (2) maintaining viable populations of all native species in natural patterns of abundance and distribution; (3) sustaining ecological and evolutionary processes within their natural ranges of variability; and (4) building a conservation network that is adaptable to environmental change. Ecoregional conservation should be complementary to bioregional conservation that tends to be more management-focussed. Both are compatible with the ecosystem approach.")
cnt(W4669,"A large-scale social system based on economic interactions such as exchange and production.")
cnt(W4672,"A lattice imperfection in a crystal characterized by an extra plane of atoms through part of the crystal.")
cnt(W4674,"A law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990 mandating conveyance of cultural property (especially sacred objects, or physical remains of ancestral human groups) to descendent populations of federally-recognized tribes.")
cnt(W4675,"a law which asserts that the universe is governed by the inexorable tendency toward disorder, dissolution and decay, which ultimately results in near-depletion of all organized matter.")
cnt(W4677,"A layer at some depth in the ocean where the water density is equal to the surface layer density")
cnt(W4678,"A layer containing about 90 percent of the total ozone content of the atmosphere, situated in the stratosphere at altitudes varying between 20 and 50 km. Acting as a filter, it removes most of the sun’s radiation with wavelength below 300 nm, thus protecting humans and animals from the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) light. UV wavelength below 320 nm corresponds to higher energy photons that can cause sunburn and certain types of skin cancer. Clearly thinning of the layer by ozone depletion would allow a larger amount of UV radiation to reach the earth’s surface, and the risk of skin cancer would increase as a result.")
cnt(W4679,"a layer containing protein in the nutritive tissue of the grain of Gramineae.")
cnt(W4681,"A layer in a thermally stratified body of water in which a temperature gradient occurs. Also known as thermocline.")
cnt(W4683,"A layer in the upper part of the Earth’s mantle underlying the lithosphere.")
cnt(W4684,"A layer not penetrable by water, gas and organisms.")
cnt(W4685,"A layer of angular or subangular stones, consisting of lateritic shot, quartz pebbles and rock fragments, located more or less parallel to the topographic surface, at 50 cm to 3 m depth in highly weathered tropical soils.")
cnt(W4686,"A layer of artificial neurons located between the inputs and outputs of an artificial neural network. Called ""hidden"" because it is only visible within the neural network.")
cnt(W4687,"A layer of Earth with a decreased velocity of seismic wave propagation.")
cnt(W4688,"A layer of fertile material, such as uranium-238 or thorium-232, placed around the fissionable material in reactor.")
cnt(W4689,"A layer of loose ice, 5–10 cm thick, produced in the ablation area of a glacier by penetration of direct solar radiation through the ice.")
cnt(W4690,"A layer of material covering a surface.")
cnt(W4692,"A layer of microorganisms immobilized at a substratum surface and frequently embedded in an organic polymer matrix of microbial origin.")
cnt(W4696,"a layer of sea water within which a marked salinity gradient is present.")
cnt(W4697,"A layer of snow on the ground surface.")
cnt(W4698,"A layer of soil or soil material approximately parallel to the land surface and differing from adjacent genetically related layers in physical, chemical and biological properties in characteristics, such as color, structure, texture, consistency, amount of organic matter, and degree of acidity and alkalinity. ")
cnt(W4700,"a layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending to about 50 km above the Earths surface")
cnt(W4702,"A layer of unconsolidated fragmental rock material. The blanket of lost, non-cemented rock particles that commonly overlies bedrock.")
cnt(W4704,"A layer of water which has an unusually high concentration of particulate matter. It normally exists near the ocean bottom.")
cnt(W4705,"A layer of weathered unconsolidated material that occurs on top of bedrock at Earth’s surface and can support rooted plants.")
cnt(W4706,"A layered nanostructure, usually made of semiconductors, that produces a square-well potential energy for electrons.")
cnt(W4707,"A lead-and-line used for depth sounding purposes.")
cnt(W4708,"A leading International Accountancy firm.")
cnt(W4709,"A leading UK-based market research company.")
cnt(W4710,"A leaf like part of seaweed.")
cnt(W4712,"A Learning of strategies of decision.")
cnt(W4713,"A left-lateral strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates in Mexico and Guatemala. It joins with the Swan Island fracture zone.")
cnt(W4714,"a legal form for farms where ownership is shared between several persons")
cnt(W4715,"A legal or administrative entity responsible for standards and regulations that has specific tasks and composition.")
cnt(W4718,"a legal strategy used under the Clean Air Act to protect areas with air cleaner than that required by the statute from deteriorating.")
cnt(W4719,"A legal system used to store and maintain information about the quantity, value, and ownership of land parcels.")
cnt(W4720,"A legal technique to ensure the possibilities of utilizing a natural resource are equitably distributed between the States sharing it.")
cnt(W4721,"A legally binding act that creates law as between the states or other international entities that are party to it, for the purpose of regulating their interests by international rules.")
cnt(W4722,"A legally binding document, which following ratification, creates a number of international obligations for governments.")
cnt(W4723,"A legally binding international instrument that recognizes and protects children’s rights as human rights.")
cnt(W4725,"a legally designated or established national authority in accordance with Article IX undertaking to grant permits or certificates, communicate with other Parties and the Secretariat, as well as carry out other tasks for the implementation and enforcement of CITES.")
cnt(W4726,"a legally designated or established national authority that plays a key role under CITES for in ensuring thatthe implementing actions to bare based on scientific information.")
cnt(W4729,"a length of quantum mechanical wave corresponding to a particle,")
cnt(W4730,"A lepton with no electric charge. It was predicted by Pauli in 1931. There are three flavors, corresponding to the three charged leptons called neutrino of electron, of muon and of tau, respectively. Neutrinos participate only in weak interactions and in gravitational interactions even if their mass is much smaller than the charged lepton corresponding ones.")
cnt(W4732,"A lepton with unit negative electric charge. It is the charged lepton with the smallest mass, consequently stable. The electron is the antonomastic lepton. It is one of the main ingredients of the atom and it is responsible for most of everyday phenomena.")
cnt(W4733,"A less common form of natural gas fuel. LNG must be stored at low temperatures in order to be in a liquid state.")
cnt(W4734,"A less rigid and more profound part of the crust.")
cnt(W4735,"a less rigorous view of economic sustainability, claiming that welfare is independent of any specific form of capital, and can be maintained by substituting manufactured for natural capital.")
cnt(W4736,"a lethal seedling disease caused by fungi")
cnt(W4737,"A level at which no known or anticipated adverse effects on the health of human occur.")
cnt(W4740,"a level of observation and analysis situated between the macrolevel and microlevel, and mediating their relations")
cnt(W4741,"a level of reliance a computer user can put onto a computer system. The dependability methods deal with faults and failures and, in some cases, enable a continuing operation in presence of some faults.")
cnt(W4742,"a level of smell concentration no longer considered offensive.")
cnt(W4743,"A level of societal water use below 1000 m3/cap/year (which generally means that industrial development is considered difficult).")
cnt(W4744,"A level of societal water use below 1700 m3/cap/year (which means that dry season water problems frequently appear, particularly in agriculture).")
cnt(W4745,"A level of societal water use below 500 m3/cap/year (often characterized as living beyond ""the water barrier"").")
cnt(W4746,"A level surface in a river valley, which is often paired and represents a stage in the dissection of a flood plain.")
cnt(W4748,"A level, up to which the real state purchases are reduced.")
cnt(W4749,"A Lewis base (from G.N. Lewis who introduced the concept) is a substance able to donate one or more electron pairs (electron-pair donor). A Lewis acid is a species able to accept one or more pairs of electrons (electron-pair acceptor)")
cnt(W4750,"a lexical word is one which is said to have meaning, e.g. ‘dog’, ‘cat’, ‘table’, as opposed to words like ‘the’, ‘of’, etc., which essentially carry the grammar of the language, see non-lexical words. Lexical words are also called ‘content words’. See also ‘inflection’.")
cnt(W4751,"A liberal and theistic branch of Buddhism comprising sects chiefly in China and Japan recognizing a large body of scripture in addition to Pali canon, teaching social concern and universal salvation.")
cnt(W4752,"A life cycle in which there is regular alternation of sexual and asexual generations.")
cnt(W4753,"A life form community, such as big woody climbers or epiphytes.")
cnt(W4755,"a life history in which individuals reproduce only once in their lifetime.")
cnt(W4756,"A life support system can be defined as a natural or human engineered system that furthers the life of the biosphere in a sustainable fashion. The fundamental attribute of life support systems is that, jointly considered, they provide all of the needs for continuance of life.")
cnt(W4759,"A ligament connecting the upper part of the pectoral skeleton to the skull or the vertebral column.")
cnt(W4760,"A ligand which has two or more sites at which it can coordinate. Such a ligand can form bridged complexes or chelates with cations or anions.")
cnt(W4761,"a ligand which is coordinated to a metal atom by two or more s bonds (a ligand which is coordinated to a metal atom by two s bonds is called a bidentate ligand; by three s bonds, tridentate, etc.).")
cnt(W4762,"A light colored subsurface horizon from which clay and iron oxides have been removed, or in which the oxides have been segregated to the extent that the color of the horizon is determined by the color of the sand and silt particles.")
cnt(W4764,"A light-colored potassium–aluminum mica.")
cnt(W4766,"A limitation or restriction on that reduces the range of alternatives for a process or implementation of system requirement(s).")
cnt(W4767,"A limited area including a complex of water basin and land areas where port activities are carried out.")
cnt(W4770,"A line (or plane) of equal or constant temperature.")
cnt(W4771,"A line connecting points on the Earth's surface at which earthquake intensity is the same. It is usually a closed curve around the epicenter.")
cnt(W4774,"A line in the space of inputs where the sum of inputs is constant.")
cnt(W4776,"A line of electric force is a directional curve which connects smoothly electric fields through space. The electric field at a point on the line is directed along the direction of the line. Its strength is proportional to the number of lines passing through a unit area perpendicular to the line at that point. Lines of electric force originate on positive charges and terminate on negative charges. Similarly we can define lines of magnetic force.")
cnt(W4777,"a line on a glacier surface at which the ablation (thawing) is equal to accumulation.")
cnt(W4778,"A line on a map connecting points of the first occurrence of a given mineral in metamorphic rocks.")
cnt(W4780,"A line on the surface (practically, a narrow zone) which separates dissimilar masses of air.")
cnt(W4781,"A linear arrangement of loci in groups corresponding to chromosomes, and separated by distances related to the recombination fraction between them.")
cnt(W4782,"A linear arrangement of organisms bound into trophic levels in which each level is food for the next level in the sequence.")
cnt(W4784,"A linear east-west striking fold and thrust belt in Arctic Canada, Alaska and Greenland formed by plate convergence during Silurian and Devonian time.")
cnt(W4785,"A linear habitat whose function is to connect or facilitate movement between larger habitats. The basic design consists of a core reserve where human activities are limited. The maintenance of wildlife habitat and biodiversity are the primarily goals. Surrounding the core are buffer zones where increasing amounts of human impacts are allowed, but which can also support many species of wildlife. Outside the buffer zones, land use is human-oriented and only very human-tolerant wildlife species are found. Wherever possible, core reserves are connected by secure corridor habitats which are also surrounded by buffer zones.")
cnt(W4787,"a linear integral equation with a regular or weakly polar kernel.")
cnt(W4788,"a linear integral equation with variable upper limit of integration.")
cnt(W4789,"A linear model relating a response to one or more explanatory variables")
cnt(W4790,"A linear mound of sediment parallel to shore beyond the normal breaker zone where only the largest waves break.")
cnt(W4791,"A linear relationship between dose and biological effects that implies that any dose will cause an effect to the human body.")
cnt(W4792,"a linear representation of the rising, plateau, declining effects of income on environmental degradation over time")
cnt(W4793,"a linear strip of woodland created on agricultural land for protection of agricul-tural crops against harmful environmental factors.")
cnt(W4794,"A linear structure where extension of crust takes place and which is subsiding relative to adjacent areas. See also rift.")
cnt(W4795,"A linear, partial ordering of system definition, development, and deployment activities, such that the engineering products of these activities flow from predecessor to successor after the fashion of falling water. Since water does not naturally flow uphill, the model suggests that special treatment is necessary to revisit a predecessor activity, when unexpected properties of the design emerge. The introduction of the waterfall model is widely attributed to Winston Royce.")
cnt(W4796,"A linearized strain after neglecting the nonlinear high-order terms due to the smallness of the strain.")
cnt(W4798,"a linguistic expression of a notion or idea")
cnt(W4801,"a linguistically important difference between units in phonology.")
cnt(W4802,"A lipid that can be cleaved into smaller molecules by hydrolysis with water.")
cnt(W4803,"A lipid that cannot be cleaved into smaller molecules by aqueous hydrolysis.")
cnt(W4804,"a liquid aggregative state of water at a temperature less than 0 oC.")
cnt(W4805,"A liquid chromatography method for separating compounds. Then ""high performance"" refers to the ability to separate compounds of very similar properties, due to the precision manufacture and performance of the components of the equipment.")
cnt(W4806,"A liquid having a flash point below 37.8°C (100 °F).")
cnt(W4807,"A liquid in which something is dissolved, e.g. the water in saltwater.")
cnt(W4808,"A liquid material with a limited degree of structural order at the molecular level, for example in which long rod-shaped molecules tend to align parallel to each other. Used extensively in display systems such as computer display units, televisions, and other devices for which a visual display of images is required (e.g. watches, hand calculators).")
cnt(W4809,"A liquid or gaseous substance used to transfer heat from one reservoir to another, absorbing or releasing heat in the process and, in some instances, changing state.")
cnt(W4810,"A liquid phase sintering process applied to prealloyed powders where sintering occurs over the solidus temperature, thereby nucleating liquid within the particles.")
cnt(W4811,"A liquid that may substitute for another liquid that has undesired environmental effects, but that itself is environmentally benign.")
cnt(W4812,"A liquid with dissolved material that conducts electric current")
cnt(W4813,"A list of all the materials, parts and assemblies that make up a product, including quantities, parent-component relationships, and order of assembly.")
cnt(W4814,"A list of nine categories of NGOs specified in Agenda 21.")
cnt(W4815,"A list of sites deemed to be of global rather than merely regional or national heritage value, and certified under the auspices of UNESCO. These sites can be important either to cultural heritage (monuments, group of buildings, or sites of historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological value) or natural heritage (sites of outstanding physical, biological, and geological features; habitats of threatened plants or animal species; and areas of value on scientific or aesthetic grounds, or from the point of view of conservation).")
cnt(W4816,"A list of strategy sets for n players, interpreted as sets of admissible messages, together with an outcome function associating with any strategy profile an outcome interpreted as a social state.")
cnt(W4817,"a listing of at least 400 of the sites requiring the most urgent cleanup under CERCLA.")
cnt(W4818,"A literary technique that consist in the repetition of phonemes and cadences to produce a special effect of rhythm")
cnt(W4819,"A literary technique that consists in the reproduction or imitation of sounds, through words and the combinations of words.")
cnt(W4820,"A lithified layer that formed from soil in the ancient past.")
cnt(W4822,"A lithologic unit which has a greater transmissibility than adjacent unit and which stores and transmits water.")
cnt(W4823,"A living barrier of trees and/or shrubs located in agricultural areas to reduce the effects of wind or snow.")
cnt(W4824,"A living entity that consumes primary consumers; a carnivore.")
cnt(W4825,"A living organism in which the genetic material has been altered by genetic engineering.")
cnt(W4827,"A living organism whose activity causes it to be inimical to the welfare of human beings. e.g. insects, rodents, protozoa, fungi, bacteria, viruses etc.")
cnt(W4828,"A living organism, the genome of which has been altered by genetic manipulation, e.g. by the introduction of a gene from a different species")
cnt(W4829,"A living space, including all the necessities for survival")
cnt(W4830,"A living structure bounded by a cell wall, containing various organelles and a nucleus or a naked double helix of DNA.")
cnt(W4831,"A living system’s preferential hierarchy of values from which decision rules emerge that, in turn, determine one steady-state value rather than another.")
cnt(W4832,"A loading quay in a harbor, or in the US, a groin.")
cnt(W4833,"A loan instrument with a fixed nominal return per year for a long time, sometimes forever. The percentage rate of return varies with the price of the instrument in the stock market.")
cnt(W4834,"A local deviation from the expected (normal) gravity resulting from lateral density variations at the surface and at depth.")
cnt(W4835,"A local name for an extra-tropical storm on the northeast coast of the USA.")
cnt(W4836,"A local outburst activity of the brain cortex")
cnt(W4837,"A local term for a powerful tropical cyclone in North America and the West Indies.")
cnt(W4842,"a localized collection of blood, generally clotted, in a tissue, organ or space due to breakage of a blood vessel")
cnt(W4844,"A locally established third- tier, democratically elected, governmental body entrusted with the management of the water related affairs of a community")
cnt(W4845,"A location characteristic of a random variable is a number which, in some sense, can be considered as a central point in the range of the variable.")
cnt(W4846,"A location in lowlands caused by the gradual overgrowing of marshes or water basins. Their supplies of water are from both surface and groundwater. Their formation depends on the balance of the microbial decay of dead plant material.")
cnt(W4848,"A location inhabited by humans")
cnt(W4849,"A location of a gene on a chromosome")
cnt(W4850,"A location of enhanced heat flow and/or volcanism on a tectonic plate, not directly associated with a mid-ocean ridge or subduction. It migrates relative to the plate, as if it were fixed to an immobile mantle.")
cnt(W4851,"A location on the RNA (or the corresponding position on the DNA) where an exon is spliced into (or an intron is spliced out of) the coding sequence, so that the translated sequence of the intron does not occur in the final protein.")
cnt(W4852,"A location where absolute observations of the complete Earth’s magnetic field vector are recorded accurately and continuously, with a time resolution of one minute or less, over a long period of time.")
cnt(W4853,"A location where electrochemical processes happen")
cnt(W4855,"a location which is the potential source of risk")
cnt(W4856,"A logic in which there is a fixed finite bound on the number of distinct variables in each formula.")
cnt(W4857,"A logic procedure that marches backwards from the effects to their causes.")
cnt(W4859,"A logic procedure that marches forward from the causes to their effects.")
cnt(W4861,"A logic process by which a synthetic target is analyzed in order to find out the most convenient synthetic precursor.")
cnt(W4862,"a logic that deviates from classical logic in some respect, for instance by considering more than two truth values (multi-valued logic), or by considering multiple possible worlds when evaluating a formula (such as modal logic), or by having nonstandard properties of inference, such as nonmonotonicity. Nonclassical logics mostly originate from philosophical logic but proved to be very useful in the foundations of computer science and artificial intelligence.")
cnt(W4863,"A logic that incorporates, but goes beyond, classical logic and Bohr’s logic of nature. It states that there is an ambiguity one face of which says there is an ambiguity, the other face of which says there is not. The face that says there is no ambiguity is itself ambiguous. The logic of ambiguity could be called the logic of life.")
cnt(W4864,"a logic to reason about `modalities', which are intensional notions such as knowledge, belief, desire, time, action, intention, etc. Mostly modal logic is given a semantics based on possible worlds.")
cnt(W4865,"A logic whose syntax includes infinitary rules, such as infinite disjunctions and conjunctions or infinite strings of quantifiers.")
cnt(W4866,"A logical and sequential process that is used to develop short and long-term plans for the most appropriate use of a piece of land.")
cnt(W4868,"a logical method that assumes that given some premises there can be only one consequence or result.")
cnt(W4870,"A logical similarity is easily established between expert systems and games. For design-oriented expert systems, the mapping produced by this analogy is based on the following projections: game hardware and rules ? problem data; game strategy ? design rules; game victory ? design objective. Consequently, many of the existing game-related tree-searching techniques can be converted into design solution strategies. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W4873,"A logical, symbolic, or mathematical operator expressing the functional relationship between the inputs I and the outputs O of a process or component:O = ?(I,O)? I? .")
cnt(W4874,"A logistic-organizational concept that expresses the characteristics of a production annex transportation system being able to deliver goods and services exactly according to a predetermined time schedule.")
cnt(W4876,"A long narrow belt along which subduction takes place.")
cnt(W4877,"A long narrow coastal sandy island or spit.")
cnt(W4878,"A long narrow range of hills or a long narrow natural elevation.")
cnt(W4879,"A long narrow ridge of sand, parallel to and relatively close to the coast, separated from it by a lagoon.")
cnt(W4880,"A long narrow sinuous ridge, normally composed of sand and gravel, which was deposited by a subglacial or englacial stream flowing in an ice tunnel as a glacier retreated.")
cnt(W4881,"a long narrow winding inlet or arm of the sea, U-shaped and steep-walled, generally several hundred meters deep, between high rocky cliffs or slopes along a mountainous coast; usually represents the seaward end of a deeply excavated glacial-trough valley that is partially submerged by drowning after the melting of ice.")
cnt(W4882,"A long north-south striking mountain belt extending from Alaska through western Canada and the United States into Mexico. Its formation began in the Devonian with the Innuitian and Antler orogenic events followed by the Somona, Brookian, and Laramide collisional events. It also encompasses several major igneous and metamorphic suites such as the Sierra Nevada batholith, Coast Plutonic Complex, and Peninsular Ranges batholith.")
cnt(W4885,"A long term strategy for peace that removes causes for violence.")
cnt(W4887,"A long thin cellular appendage of procaryotes, capable of rotation and bestowing motility to the cell. The ultrastructure and functioning of procaroyte flagella differs from that of flagella of the eucaryotes.")
cnt(W4888,"a long wall of stone, soil or other material, to keep back water and prevent flooding.")
cnt(W4890,"A long, linear, elevated volcanic structure mostly in a central position of an ocean where new oceanic crust is being formed at a divergent plate boundaries by symmetrical seafloor spreading.")
cnt(W4892,"A long, narrow continental trough bounded by steep faults.")
cnt(W4893,"A long, narrow tube used to measure the shear viscosity of fluids.")
cnt(W4895,"A long, narrow, steep-walled, often arcuate depression in the ocean floor, much deeper than the adjacent ocean and associated with a subduction zone.")
cnt(W4896,"a long, relatively narrow (and often meandering) intrusion of water of one type ")
cnt(W4897,"A long, relatively narrow and low pile. Windrows have a large exposed surface area to the atmosphere, which encourages passive aeration and drying.")
cnt(W4899,"A long-chain carboxylic acid.")
cnt(W4900,"A longer term security (10 years or longer is possible) which has its interest rate reset, usually every 90 days at the current 90 day LIBOR rate, plus the appropriate margin for the issuer’s credit risk.")
cnt(W4901,"A longest path in the project graph determining the makespan.")
cnt(W4902,"A long-life unstable element, which appears naturally throughout the environment. The most abundant isotope of thorium, 232Th, has a longevity, which exceeds the present lifetime of Earth. Since isotopes of thorium are unstable, they will decay into other unstable elements each with characteristic lifetime and forms of emission.")
cnt(W4903,"A long-life unstable element, which appears naturally throughout the environment. The most abundant isotope of uranium, 238U, has a longevity which exceeds the present lifetime of Earth. Since isotopes of uranium are unstable, they will decay into other unstable elements each with characteristic lifetime and forms of emission.")
cnt(W4904,"A long-period gravity wave generated by a submarine earthquake, a volcanic event, a submarine slump or an asteroid/comet impact. Not noticeable on the open ocean but builds up to great heights in shallow water. Also known as seismic sea wave.")
cnt(W4906,"A long-term action plan for achieving a goal. The essence of strategy formulation is coping with competition.")
cnt(W4907,"A long-term process of successive colonizations or immigrations, accompanied by the formation of new communities of organisms which are adapted to the newly restored conditions. Increasing taxonomical and morphological diversity is accompanied by an increase in total biomass.")
cnt(W4909,"A longwall mining with two faces and a single haulage drift.")
cnt(W4910,"a loop within a system that either intensifies (positive feedback) or moderates (negative feedback) flow through relationships between system elements")
cnt(W4912,"a loose fitting covering used as a house by a protozoan.")
cnt(W4913,"A loosely defined term that refers to the theoretical maximum number of species that can co-exist in a given area. Any lower number of species is considered unsaturated.")
cnt(W4914,"A loss of flesh or muscle.")
cnt(W4915,"A lot or building or combination of lots or buildings intended for the confined feeding, breeding, raising or holding of animals and specifically designed as a confinement area in which manure may accumulate, or where the concentration of animals is such that a vegetative cover cannot be maintained within the enclosure.")
cnt(W4916,"A low arcuate ridge of sand and/or gravel deposited on the inside of a meander.")
cnt(W4917,"A low area on Earth’s surface, usually tectonic in origin, where sedimentary rocks have accumulated in substantial thickness.")
cnt(W4921,"A low level of environmental impact per output unit. It is achieved by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and contribute towards the quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impact and resource intensity throughout the life cycles of the goods to a level that is at the very least in keeping with the Earth’s estimated carrying capacity.")
cnt(W4922,"A low order explosion resulting from subsonic flame speed, relative to the unburned gas. It is conventionally defined as a propagating reaction in which the energy transfer from the reaction zone to unburned zone is achieved through ordinary rate-limiting transport processes such as heat and mass transfer.")
cnt(W4927,"A low ozone area over the Tibetan plateau, which was founded by Zhou Xiuji (1995), academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences.")
cnt(W4929,"A low yield (30-35%) bleached chemical pulp that has a very high (>95%) cellulose content, suitable for use in the manufacturing of cellulose derivatives.")
cnt(W4931,"A low-Btu fuel gas with high levels of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is produced from solid fuel.")
cnt(W4932,"A low-density liquid hydrocarbon phase that generally occurs in association with natural gas. Its presence as a liquid phase depends on temperature and pressure conditions in the reservoir allowing condensation of liquid from vapor.")
cnt(W4933,"A low-density, insulating plastic bead typically added to conventional aggregates such as sand and gravel.")
cnt(W4934,"A low-density, large-lot residential and commercial development that is scattered across a large land area.")
cnt(W4935,"A low-density, low-population settlement beyond the suburbs on the far fringes of an urbanized area, often loosely associated with a declining rural settlement.")
cnt(W4936,"A low-density, low-population settlement beyond the suburbs on the far fringes of an urbanized area.")
cnt(W4937,"A low-emissivity coating applied to glazing to reduce emissions.")
cnt(W4938,"a lowered level of consciousness with decreased responsive to external stimuli")
cnt(W4940,"A low-flying, drag-free satellite project to determine Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields.")
cnt(W4941,"A low-pressure irrigation approach that distributes water via bubblers, drip emitters, or small sprinklers directly to individual plants.")
cnt(W4943,"A low-pressure irrigation approach that relies on gravity to distribute water from the high end of a field to the low end. Specific technologies include flood, furrow, and surge irrigation.")
cnt(W4944,"A low-pressure pattern in its initial stage of evolution. Also, the term is sometimes used as a synonym of extratropical cyclones.")
cnt(W4945,"A low-residence time thermal decomposition processes in which the amounts of conversion is controlled.")
cnt(W4946,"A lubricant additive composed of sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine used to prevent seizure.")
cnt(W4949,"A machine for compaction via controlled tool motions and pressures.")
cnt(W4950,"A machine for constructing subsurface horizontal pipe drainage.")
cnt(W4951,"A machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy of a stream of fluid (such as water, steam, or hot gas). Turbines convert the kinetic energy of fluids to mechanical energy through the principles of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the two.")
cnt(W4954,"A machine instantly available to replace a similar machine out of service.")
cnt(W4955,"A machine that can perform mathematical calculations or computations.")
cnt(W4957,"a machine that cuts a crop and leaves it on the field (in a swath) to be picked up and harvested later.")
cnt(W4959,"A machine used for separating cotton fibers from the seeds.")
cnt(W4960,"A machine used for uprooting trees and pulling out stumps.")
cnt(W4961,"A machine which allows the molecular formula and probable structure of a compound to be determined, through ionization of the compound and separation of the ionization products in a magnetic field.")
cnt(W4962,"A machine with a cutter to remove small shrubs or cut tussocks and thick dense sod into pieces.")
cnt(W4963,"A macro-economic policy for South Africa based on Growth, Employment and Redistribution.")
cnt(W4964,"A macrofungus with a distinctive fruiting body which can be either hypogeous or epigeous, large enough to be seen with the naked eye and to be picked by hand.")
cnt(W4967,"A macroscopic state of a system specified by values of macroscopic quantities such as temperature, volume and pressure.")
cnt(W4968,"a macroscopically homogeneous mixture of two or more different species of polymer.")
cnt(W4969,"a macroscopically visible population of cells growing on solid medium, arising mostly from a single cell.")
cnt(W4970,"A magazine published by Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies and assisted by Stanford University Library’s High Wire Press.")
cnt(W4971,"A magmatic process resulting in the variation of magma compositions, generally involving the crystallization of minerals from a melt.")
cnt(W4972,"A magnesian-ferruginous hydrous aluminosilicate mineral of layer structure.")
cnt(W4973,"A magnesian-ferruginous silicate dark mineral dominating in peridotite.")
cnt(W4974,"A magnesium alloy with small amounts of beryllium and aluminum.")
cnt(W4975,"A magnet lattice designed to deviate the electron, or positron, through a bend (“wiggle”) with a small radius of curvature, thereby shifting the characteristic spectrum to higher energies. The exiting and incident beam are in the same direction, and this requires a minimum of one strong and two weaker dipole magnets. The maximum angular deviation induced is greater than the characteristic opening angle of the radiation cone, and there is no coherence between emissions from successive bends. A wavelength shifter like a dipole magnet will produce elliptically polarized radiation when viewed out of the orbital plane, the “hand” of the radiation reversing when the angle of view changes from above to below the orbital plane. These are therefore asymmetric devices. Undulators and multipole wigglers are usually symmetric devices (see also Wiggler and Undulator).")
cnt(W4976,"A magnet lattice designed to deviate the electron, or positron, through a series of bends (“wiggles”) with a small radius of curvature, thereby shifting the characteristic spectrum to higher energies. The angular deviation induced is greater than the characteristic opening angle of the radiation cone, and there is no coherence between emissions from successive bends. Thus the flux is linearly proportional to the number of bends (see also Wavelength shifter and Undulator).")
cnt(W4977,"A magnetic domain is a region of a material that is spontaneously magnetized in one direction.")
cnt(W4978,"A magnetic exhibiting a pronounced residual magnetization.")
cnt(W4979,"A magnetic medium for stable, mass data storage.")
cnt(W4980,"A magnetometer that measures one or more of the vector components of a magnetic field.")
cnt(W4981,"A magnetometer that measures the magnitude of the magnetic-field vector.")
cnt(W4982,"A magnification factor of redistribution of local strains in zones of a non-homogeneity at an elasto-plastic deformation.")
cnt(W4983,"A magnification factor of redistribution of local strains in zones of cracks at an elasto-plastic deformation.")
cnt(W4985,"a mainly Germanic empire composed of numerous small states and estates. Founded in 962 AD, it competed with the papacy for authority over Christendom in the mediaeval era. During the early modern period, under the control of the Hapsburgs, it sought religious and political supremacy throughout Europe. Its position weakened substantially after the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). Napoleon formally abolished it in 1806.")
cnt(W4986,"A mainly human-produced and maintained ecological habitat.")
cnt(W4987,"A major change in the Earth's ecosystem caused by drastic climatic changes, shifts in Earth's crust, and other environmental and biological factors.")
cnt(W4988,"a major contemporary theory of phonology introduced i the late 1970s by the American linguists Mark Liberman and Alan Prince and much developed since. It deals with rhythmic phenomena in a non-linear fashion.")
cnt(W4989,"a major contemporary theory of phonology, which, as opposed to the earlier models, is non-derivational, i.e., reduces the role of representations and derivations in favor of constraint interaction.")
cnt(W4991,"a major event of nature such as fire, or an insect or disease outbreak, which results in significant changes in forest composition and rates of succession.")
cnt(W4993,"A major group of bacteria that lack cell wall peptidoglycan and differ from true bacteria in many other respects")
cnt(W4994,"A major group of Palaeozoic fold belts constituting roughly the easternmost quarter of the Australian continent. It includes the Lachlan-, New England-, and Kanmantoo- fold belts.")
cnt(W4995,"A major highway with full access control.")
cnt(W4996,"A major international scientific program, the International Geosphere Biosphere Program, focusing on the study of the interactions among the atmosphere, geosphere and the biosphere.")
cnt(W4997,"A major intrusion that is arc-shaped with steeply inclined or vertical sides.")
cnt(W4998,"A major Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous orogenetic episode, resulting in complex deformation and metamorphism of sedimentary units and large-scale granite emplacement in the western foreland of New Zealand. An equivalent of the Late Cimmerian Orogeny in Northern Tethys.")
cnt(W4999,"a major post-SPE phonological theory in which phonological and morphological rules are brought together within a single framework.")
cnt(W5000,"A major subdivision of an eon in the standard geologic time scale.")
cnt(W5001,"a major-class feature, defined with reference to spontaneous voicing in the articulation of a segment.")
cnt(W5002,"A makeshift arrangement that attempted to maintain the Bretton Woods system in its crisis in the early 1970s. The Smithsonian Agreement was only a Band-Aid.")
cnt(W5005,"A male reproductive gonad which abnormally produces eggs instead of sperms.")
cnt(W5007,"A male reproductive organ used to place sperm inside the body of a female.")
cnt(W5008,"A male sheep.")
cnt(W5009,"A malicious program containing hidden instructions allowing the unauthorized collection of information and that masquerades as a benign application.")
cnt(W5011,"A malignant tumor of the mesothelium of the pleura, pericardium or peritoneum, arising as a result of the presence of asbestos or caused by exposure to mining or smelting processes.")
cnt(W5012,"a mammal related to the llama and alpaca, but smaller. Found in the Andes region, its coat produces very fine, valued wool")
cnt(W5013,"A man (sic) of courage in battle, willing to lay down one's life in sacrifice for a society's leader.")
cnt(W5015,"a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. It is based on the participation of all members of an organization in improving processes, products, services and the culture in which they work.")
cnt(W5019,"a management technique in which an organization sets strategy by setting a mission, establishing goals, and assessing its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats")
cnt(W5020,"A management technique that involves minimal inventory and a reliance on frequent deliveries of inputs to the production process.")
cnt(W5021,"A management unit in fisheries. Ideally a stock should be reproductively isolated, equivalent to the meso-population.")
cnt(W5022,"A manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics determining the direction of the processes occurring within the systems comprising a sufficiently great amount of matter particles. It is impossible to restore the initial state of all the bodies taking part in the considered process. The sum of the entropy increases of all the participating bodies is always positive and determines the degree of irreversibility. The irreversibility of the material phenomena is equivalent to the irreversibility of time (the arrow of time).")
cnt(W5023,"A manifold that includes with any point the trajectory of this point for a given dynamic system (here – for a given kinetic equation).")
cnt(W5026,"A manner showing ones ones disposition, thoughts, or feelings. Attitudes are traditionally defined as having three components: an evaluative component (how positively or negatively the attitude object is viewed), an affective component (feelings about the object), and a third component consisting of behavioral expectations.")
cnt(W5028,"A manufactured fiber containing at least 90% carbon obtained by controlled pyrolysis of appropriate fibers.")
cnt(W5030,"A manufacturing technique which groups parts or products with similar characteristics into ""families"" and sets aside groups of machines for their production. ""Families"" may be based on size, shape, manufacturing or routing requirements or demand.")
cnt(W5031,"A map consisting of a series of single-valued, uniform areas separated by abrupt boundaries.")
cnt(W5032,"A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosomal segment.")
cnt(W5033,"A map displaying selected kind of information relating to specific themes, such as soil, land use, population density, and so on.")
cnt(W5034,"A map of the locations of identifiable landmarks on DNA (e.g., restriction enzyme cutting sites, genes), regardless of inheritance. Distance is measured in base pairs. For the human genome, the lowest-resolution physical map is the banding patterns on the 24 different chromosomes; the highest-resolution map would be the complete nucleotide sequence of the chromosomes.")
cnt(W5036,"A map showing horizontal positions of object features.")
cnt(W5037,"A map showing the different types of soil, rock, agricultural land, etc.")
cnt(W5038,"A map showing the horizontal and vertical positions of objects, using contours or symbols.")
cnt(W5040,"A map that assigns to each bargaining problem the point where the product of utility gains over the disagreement point (point of singleton coalition maximal utilities) is maximized. This can be justified by an axiomatic characterization with independence of irrelevant alternatives as a main condition.")
cnt(W5041,"A map that identifies the interrelationships between the interests of the various stakeholders.")
cnt(W5043,"A map that is derived from basic geologic and topographic maps with some engineering evaluation and analyses of the geologic materials and features, for use by land use planners and resource managers.")
cnt(W5045,"A mapping associating with any admissible profile of preferences on a set of social states a subset of this set interpreted as socially desired.")
cnt(W5046,"A mapping associating with any member of a class of games some set of feasible payoff vectors for the players.")
cnt(W5047,"A mapping from any given conceptual or formal model to the form(s) of optimality that are implicit or explicit in the model and the way it is used.")
cnt(W5048,"A mapping from any given conceptual or formal model to the form(s) of rationality that are implicit or explicit in the model.")
cnt(W5049,"A mapping that assigns utilities or outcomes to coalitions about which these coalitions can enter binding agreements.")
cnt(W5050,"A mapping that assigns utilities to players in view of their bargaining on coalitional power as described by the coalitional function.")
cnt(W5052,"A mapping which preserves the truth value of all first order formulas.")
cnt(W5053,"a marine animal with bivalve shell having a pair of arms bearing tentacles for capturing food; found worldwide.")
cnt(W5055,"A market configuration where (equilibrium) prices clear the markets and agents (e.g. firms) maximize their payoff (e.g. profits) when taking those prices as given (i.e. independent of their actions).")
cnt(W5058,"A market in which the more consumers who use the product, the more valuable the product becomes to each user.")
cnt(W5059,"A market in which there are two players.")
cnt(W5060,"A market structure where the supply side consists of only one company.")
cnt(W5061,"A market structure with a small number of suppliers within a given market.")
cnt(W5062,"A market that is comprised of few companies, which accordingly have greater power within the market.")
cnt(W5063,"A market where money is the goods (cash or bank credit and securities.")
cnt(W5064,"a Marxian notion which equates the real value of a commodity with its physical properties.")
cnt(W5065,"a masonry or concrete dam that transfers reservoir pressure to the valley banks by means of its horizontally arched shape.")
cnt(W5066,"A mass characterized by high specific heat capacity and density. It is able to store heat (or cool) for subsequent dissipation into an interior space.")
cnt(W5067,"a mass movement of workers in small-scale fisheries from along India’s coasts. It has organized the fisher people and tired to protect fishery resources and the fishing communities of India. It has some of the characteristics of a trade union (e.g. organization) but a broader mandate that includes fishery conservation. The charter of its demands can be found at http://www.wffp.org/?file1=nffcharterfinal.htm")
cnt(W5068,"a mass of chewed food and saliva in the mouth.")
cnt(W5069,"A mass of extraneous water that has intruded into the local water mass at a level of equal density.")
cnt(W5070,"A mass of floating plant debris deposited in the intertidal zone.")
cnt(W5071,"A mass of gravel, sand, or similar material resulting from the crumbling and erosion of solid rocks that contains valuable minerals such as gold, silver, platinum, or tin derived from the weathering of rocks or veins.")
cnt(W5073,"a mass of meiospores covering the apothecium of the Caliciales, which accumulates due to the continuous production of spores by the asci.")
cnt(W5075,"A mass of relatively unspecialized tissue used in plant tissue culture as the starting material for the propagation of plant clones.")
cnt(W5077,"A massif represents a basement exposure which is separated from adjacent sedimentary rocks by faults.")
cnt(W5078,"A massive, generally wedge-shaped, ground ice body composed of foliated or layered, vertically oriented ice that extends below the permafrost table.")
cnt(W5079,"A master strategy that guides and modifies other heuristics to produce solutions beyond those that are normally generated in a quest for local optimality.")
cnt(W5081,"A matching that covers all the vertices.")
cnt(W5082,"A material (stable or radioactive isotope, element, and so on) introduced in a system to study the behavior of an intrinsic substance (tracee). The tracer should have the same properties of interest as the tracee, should not affect its normal behavior, and should be easily detectable by an observer.")
cnt(W5083,"a material (surface active agent) that can greatly reduce the surface tension of water.")
cnt(W5086,"A material consequence for stakeholders not taking part in the activities generating the consequence.")
cnt(W5087,"A material consisting of a metal containing fibers or particles of a ceramic.")
cnt(W5088,"a material consisting of a mixture of more than one element.")
cnt(W5089,"A material liable to rot or decay rapidly.")
cnt(W5090,"A material made from plant matter with a relatively short growth cycle, e.g. bamboo and wood.")
cnt(W5091,"A material measure, measuring instrument, or system intended to define, realize, conserve, or reproduce a unit or one or more known values of a quantity in order to transmit them to other measuring instruments by comparison.")
cnt(W5092,"A material not itself fissionable by thermal neutrons, which can be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.")
cnt(W5093,"A material or substance, one or more properties of which are sufficiently well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, for the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials.")
cnt(W5094,"A material parameter characterizing, at given conditions, the resistance to fast crack propagation.")
cnt(W5095,"A material property that describes the rate at which heat diffuses through a body. It is a function of the body's thermal conductivity and its specific heat. Its units are m2 s-1.")
cnt(W5096,"A material such as water, graphite or heavy water used in a nuclear reactor to reduce the speed of fast neutrons to facilitate the fission of fissile atoms.")
cnt(W5098,"A material that conducts electricity with zero electrical resistance. In theory, the tiniest voltage will generate an infinite current in such a material, and a current will circulate around a superconducting loop forever.")
cnt(W5099,"a material that has been approved for use in food processing plants by the appropriate regulatory authority")
cnt(W5101,"A material that is capable of exhibiting superconductivity at temperatures above 77-100 K")
cnt(W5102,"A material that is capable of exhibiting superconductivity at temperatures below 20-25 K")
cnt(W5103,"A material used in walls, floors, ceilings, and so forth to inhibit heat transfer. Insulation is also used as a sound barrier.")
cnt(W5105,"A material which is included in a vacuum system or device for removing gas by sorption.")
cnt(W5106,"A material which transforms an input stimulus (e.g., temperature) into different output stimulus (e.g., electrical voltage).")
cnt(W5107,"A material whose electronic structure gives it useful properties.")
cnt(W5108,"A material whose permeability is very much larger than one, and which exhibits hysteresis magnetizing and demagnetizing characteristics. The greater the flux carrying potential, the bigger the value i.e. one to several thousands.")
cnt(W5109,"A material with a small electrical conductivity that increases with temperature. Typical semiconductors like silicon have a conductivity intermediate between that of metals and non-conducting (insulating) materials.")
cnt(W5111,"A material with random orientation of molecules with no ordered structure")
cnt(W5112,"a material, often of plant origin, that is placed on the soil surface to insulate the soil from the atmosphere. This can be done to reduce evaporation and to moderate temperature.")
cnt(W5114,"A material, when subjected to a constant shear stress, that responds instantly with an equilibrium shear strain or displacement. Also called a purely elastic material.")
cnt(W5115,"A mathematical abstraction in which databases are viewed as collections of finite relations.")
cnt(W5116,"A mathematical description of changes over time in a population experiencing demographic transition.")
cnt(W5119,"A mathematical description of the evolution of the Universe. Standard world models of the twentieth century relied on the Cosmological Principle.")
cnt(W5120,"a mathematical expression linking specific design dependent parameter values with operational outcomes.")
cnt(W5121,"a mathematical expression of the relation between the inputs (or production factors, e.g., labor, resources, capital of various types) and the outputs of a firm. ")
cnt(W5122,"A mathematical expression that links all forms of inputs and outputs of a given element (water, solutes, etc.) within a given reference volume.")
cnt(W5123,"A mathematical expression that relates the spin coupling constant between two vicinal nuclei (usually protons, but also proton and carbon) to their dihedral angle.")
cnt(W5128,"a mathematical function acting on an infinite sequence of symbols by dropping the first symbol and shifting the remainder one place to the left")
cnt(W5129,"A mathematical function fitted to an experimental semi-variogram in order to fully describe the spatial correlation over the entire data set and for separation distances with uncalculated semi-variances.")
cnt(W5132,"a mathematical function which holds that long-term average factors by which the lengths of arcs of infinitesimal ellipsoids in phase space are multiplied, when the ellipsoid is replaced by successive images.")
cnt(W5143,"A mathematical input/output function, based on the input summation and threshold triggering action of biological neurons.")
cnt(W5146,"a mathematical measure of the lack of constraint or lack of information about a       system’s state; equivalent to Shannon’s measure of uncertainty")
cnt(W5147,"A mathematical measure of the size of a matrix. The basic reproduction number is equal to the spectral radius of the next generation matrix.")
cnt(W5148,"A mathematical method for developing logic circuits and a means of expressing complex logic circuits in simple statements.")
cnt(W5149,"a mathematical method of representing birth and death probabilities in a matrix. The first row contains the age-specific birth rates, the first subdiagonal the age-specific survival rates.")
cnt(W5150,"A mathematical method to combine a sample of imprecise observations to an imprecise element of the sample space.")
cnt(W5151,"A mathematical method to use dimensional analysis to determine relationships between variables or parameters.")
cnt(W5152,"A mathematical model by Kenneth Arrow of how preferences by a large group of people become translated into a single preference. Using four seemingly obvious assumptions, he showed mathematically that they could not be true and a single preference be found. Useful to explore how the obvious assumptions are therefore violated in getting, for example, votes from a nation translated into a single preferred president.")
cnt(W5153,"A mathematical model containing some random element(s)")
cnt(W5154,"A mathematical model describing human behavior in activities in which society or individuals participate such as economics, politics, and many kinds of conflict.")
cnt(W5155,"A mathematical model describing physical aspects of a problem such as a set of stochastic differential equations modeling the flow of pollutants through soil.")
cnt(W5156,"A mathematical model for a fair game.")
cnt(W5158,"A mathematical model for Earth that is formed by rotating an ellipse around its minor axis.")
cnt(W5159,"A mathematical model in which all of the uncontrollable variables of the model are known and fixed.")
cnt(W5161,"a mathematical model in which time is measured in whole integer steps (1,2,...).")
cnt(W5162,"A mathematical model of a controllable object.")
cnt(W5166,"A mathematical model to describe a random phenomenon.")
cnt(W5167,"A mathematical model to explain choice behavior.")
cnt(W5169,"A mathematical model with two parts:  a location component and an allocation component. The location component identifies the optimal locations of p facilities from amongst m competing candidate locations to serve a dispersed population at n demand locations. The allocation component determines the optimal set of allocations from the n demand locations to the p facilities. Both components are solved simultaneously to optimize some measure of performance - the objective function.")
cnt(W5170,"a mathematical modeling technique for maximizing dynamic objectives. Can be used to determine the most efficient use of groundwater over time with regard to any particular objective whilst also taking into account the dynamic nature of the resource.")
cnt(W5174,"a mathematical object representing a type of fully-ordered set having certain properties")
cnt(W5175,"a mathematical object representing a type of partially-ordered set having certain properties")
cnt(W5176,"A mathematical operation that describes the action of a linear system on an input signal.")
cnt(W5178,"a mathematical or empirical method of calculating the changes in a flood wave as it progresses through a series of changing river reaches.")
cnt(W5179,"a mathematical or numerical technique by means of which one can establish which course of action will maximize a goal or objective, given that there exists one or more constraints on what a decision-maker may do or which limit the values taken by some variables in the system.")
cnt(W5180,"A mathematical relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature.")
cnt(W5181,"A mathematical relationship describing concentration of a substance as a function of location and time.")
cnt(W5185,"A mathematical representation, by the mean of differentials, partial derivatives, integrals of the evolution of systems.")
cnt(W5187,"A mathematical specification of a problem with an objective to be minimized or maximized, constraints, and decision variables.")
cnt(W5188,"A mathematical statement that relates components of stress, strain and strain rates either by algebraic, differential or integral relationships.")
cnt(W5190,"A mathematical structure with a state function, an input function, and an output function in which the state at a particular time and the future input determine the future state and output function.")
cnt(W5191,"A mathematical task to find the maximal or minimal value of a linear function at a point where certain restrictions in form of linear inequalities or linear equations are satisfied.")
cnt(W5192,"A mathematical technique that determines the combination of inputs that maximizes an objective (e.g. maximum profit, minimum cost) while satisfying various constraints. The general term is optimization modeling. Dynamic programming is a variation.")
cnt(W5193,"A mathematical technique which enables one to change the distribution of a stochastic process to another distribution. This step sometimes allows one to calculate certain formulae, such as expectations, in a simpler way.")
cnt(W5194,"a mathematical theorem of S. that expresses the behavior of the individual parts of a system by the order parameters.")
cnt(W5195,"A mathematical theorem that establishes the statistical properties of a sum of a large number of random variables. In its usual form the sum variable is shown to have normal statistics.")
cnt(W5196,"A mathematical theorem which allows one to change the distribution of Brownian motion with drift to the distribution of Brownian motion. It allows one to give an alternative interpretation of the Black-Scholes formula as an expectation under the changed distribution.")
cnt(W5197,"A mathematical theory that allows us to analyze and to compare various plans of experiment realization with a view to optimize procedures of identifying model, for which it is carried out.")
cnt(W5199,"a mathematical theory that studies qualitative changes of systems.")
cnt(W5200,"A mathematical transformation that converts the calculus of time-invariant equations into algebraic equations")
cnt(W5202,"A mating scheme which assigns one group of trees as only male and the other as female.")
cnt(W5203,"A mating system involving the mating or breeding of closely related individuals. This can cause inbreeding depression, as it results in more homozygotes than would be predicted, by the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, and may be manifested by reductions in the fecundity, offspring size, growth, or survivorship.")
cnt(W5205,"A matrix containing, for each alternative, its outcomes for the various states of nature.")
cnt(W5206,"A matrix expressing exports and imports by country origin and destination.")
cnt(W5207,"A matrix having nonzero entries only in the diagonal.")
cnt(W5209,"A matrix of relatedness coefficients between individuals.")
cnt(W5210,"A matrix of the intervening distances, travel times, travel costs, or some other metric of separation, between an origin and destination pair. Where separation values are the same in both directions, the matrix is symmetrical and often only one diagonal is presented - as in many road atlases.")
cnt(W5211,"A matrix relating the variables of participating disciplines of knowledge one to another as functions of runs a specific parametric changes.")
cnt(W5212,"A matrix that has very few nonzero entries.")
cnt(W5213,"A matrix the rows of which represent fluxes of matter or energy, while the columns represent operations to be performed on these fluxes.")
cnt(W5214,"A matrix which gathers all pair-wise sample correlation coefficients (multivariate data set).")
cnt(W5215,"a mature ovary.")
cnt(W5222,"A mean between the extremes of deprivation and excess.")
cnt(W5223,"A meaningful coincidence between a psychic event and a real one without the existence of any causal relationship between them. Synchronistic phenomena evidence both a psychic aspect linked with affects and the psycho-biological matrix of the archetype, viewed as the arranging operator.")
cnt(W5224,"A meaningfully organized grouping of information held in working memory.")
cnt(W5225,"A means for understanding processes and finding associations, so that predictions of behavioral response can be attempted.")
cnt(W5226,"A means of creating concrete scientific knowledge. It is based on drawing logical conclusions from the concrete laws and assumptions available.  Besides, some conclusions must assume direct comparison with the results of observations and experiments, which  allows one to find out, whether they are true or false.")
cnt(W5227,"a means of dealing with uncertainty in numerical models. The probability distribution of input data (and/or pathways through a model) are characterised, and combinations of these uncertainties are realised on the basis of these probability distributions. This process if repeated, and the model run, a large number of times. The results of all the modelling attempts are combined to yield a probability distribution curve for the outcome of the model.")
cnt(W5228,"a means of determining an approximate viable count by diluting cultures then growing them in broth tubes.")
cnt(W5229,"A means of determining the capability of an item to meet specified requirements by subjecting the item to a set of physical, chemical, environmental, or operating actions and conditions (ASQ 1998).")
cnt(W5232,"A means of improving the strength of a soil by making it more dense, usually by physical compaction.")
cnt(W5234,"A means of measuring the specific gravity or density of a suspension or solution in a fluid sample directly, without filtering, drying, and weighing.")
cnt(W5235,"A means of moving powders by suspending them in a stream of compressed air within a system of pipes and valves. May also use vacuum or a combination of pressure and vacuum.")
cnt(W5236,"A means of separating volatile components from less volatile ones in a liquid mixture by the partitioning of the more volatile materials to a gas phase of air or steam.")
cnt(W5237,"A means of setting limits and/or targets for the numbers of people permitted legally to enter a state and reside there as immigrants in a given period of time (usually a target or limit for one year).")
cnt(W5238,"A means of stabilizing a shoreline by placing sand from an outside source on a beach.")
cnt(W5239,"A means of transportation (e.g., train, car, plane, and/or ship).")
cnt(W5240,"A means of understanding material culture as a text to be read/deciphered.")
cnt(W5241,"A means to fabricate sheets from a powder and binder, where the slurry is formed on a moving sheet as a thin layer. After a solvent evaporates the sheet is separated from the support.")
cnt(W5243,"A measurable function with values in the control space")
cnt(W5244,"A measure (concentration) of all ions in a solution, expressed as equivalents per liter or moles per liter. The value can be found by calculation or empirically by measuring the electrical conductivity of the solution or total dissolved salts.")
cnt(W5245,"A measure (in volts) of the affinity of a chemical substance for electrons or electronegativity compared with hydrogen.")
cnt(W5246,"A measure defined as the amount of material consumed per unit of GDP (Gross Domestic Product).")
cnt(W5248,"A measure describing a distance to a specific point on the central path.")
cnt(W5249,"a measure describing potential odor perception; minimum concentration that can still be perceived by an average person, i.e. by half of the population.")
cnt(W5250,"A measure economists use to gauge the extent to which the quantity demanded of a given product changes with a given change in income. It equals the percentage change in the quantity demanded, divided by the percentage change in income.")
cnt(W5252,"A measure for describing the complexity of a given problem instance, e.g., the length of the binary string conding the instance.")
cnt(W5253,"A measure for the strength of a signal")
cnt(W5254,"A measure indicating how much oxygen is needed to oxidize non-organic materials.")
cnt(W5255,"A measure indicating how much oxygen is required to oxidize organic material.")
cnt(W5256,"A measure of a material’s ability to conduct electricity.")
cnt(W5258,"A measure of a material’s resistance to heat transfer.")
cnt(W5259,"A measure of a nation’s economy, which was adopted originally as a measure of the United States economy in 1991. The term refers to the total market values of goods and services produced by workers and capital within national borders during a given period, which is usually one year.")
cnt(W5260,"A measure of a surface’s ability to absorb irradiation.")
cnt(W5261,"A measure of a surface’s ability to emit as compared to an ideal radiator.")
cnt(W5262,"A measure of a surface’s ability to reflect irradiation.")
cnt(W5265,"A measure of age composition with regard to the productive capacity of a population. It is calculated comparing the relatively non productive age groups, usually the population under twenty (or fifteen) and over sixty-five, with those in the working ages, usually ages 20 -64. It is also possible to calculate the youth and elderly dependency ratio.")
cnt(W5267,"A measure of an orbit of a planet or satellite describing its deviation from circularity. Most orbits of major bodies are of small eccentricity. Minor satellites, comets, and some asteroids may have substantial eccentricities.")
cnt(W5268,"A measure of area corresponding to 10,000 m2 (i.e. 100m x 100m). ")
cnt(W5269,"A measure of capacity when a vessel is loaded to its maximum draft.")
cnt(W5270,"A measure of catalytic function per unit of enzyme, for example, enzyme activity per mg of protein.")
cnt(W5272,"a measure of complexity based upon the size of the smallest program required to compute the entity in question")
cnt(W5273,"a measure of complexity which measures the amount of time that an automaton uses to compute a minimal program for the entity under consideration")
cnt(W5274,"A measure of concentration in gas mixtures.")
cnt(W5276,"A measure of concentration of degradable organic compounds and oxidizable mineral salts.")
cnt(W5277,"A measure of concentration, parts per thousand.")
cnt(W5278,"a measure of current consumption. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as the view prevailing in a community or class with regard to the minimum of material comfort with which it is reasonable to be content. By this definition, which is supported by sociological research, the quantum of goods and services needed for satisfaction is not absolute but partly relative to prevailing norms. The related concept of welfare in economics also reflects the availability of purchasable goods and services. Both concepts are static and do not indicate whether the conditions necessary for greater consumption in future are being satisfied. (Quality of life and well-being are more comprehensive expressions which encompass non-purchasable factors, yet are still essentially static. Development is also qualitative, but is a dynamic process which suggests an increasing quality of life and the realisation of potential. Economic development is a component of development and is a deeper and richer state than simply quantitative growth.)")
cnt(W5279,"A measure of decrease in uncertainty of a situation (trial with several outcomes).")
cnt(W5280,"A measure of discrepancy between two probability distributions. It has been derived from the entropy, and it is zero if and only if the two distributions coincide. The I-divergence may serve to express the amount of information obtained from an experiment in a Bayesian set-up.")
cnt(W5281,"A measure of distance between a data point and the centroid of the covariate space. Generally, large values of leverage are typical for influential points, although high leverage does           of itself indicate influence")
cnt(W5282,"A measure of earthquake size, related to the logarithm of the energy released. One popular measure of magnitude is the Richter scale.")
cnt(W5283,"A measure of ecological impact based on the measure of resource use and waste sinks that provides an estimate of per capita land use.")
cnt(W5284,"A measure of efficiency based on the amount of new electrical capacity that an efficiency innovation or policy displaces.")
cnt(W5286,"A measure of energy quality. Availability represents the potential of an energy form to do work.")
cnt(W5287,"A measure of energy quality. Exergy represents the potential of an energy form to do work.")
cnt(W5288,"A measure of financial performance calculated by determining net operating income and subtracting charges for capital expended to produce that income (Economic value added equals net operating income - capital charge)")
cnt(W5289,"A measure of genetic diversity, resulting from the number of variable loci and numbers of alleles, namely deleterious, at each locus. Excessive diversity might diminish fitness.")
cnt(W5290,"A measure of ground shaking, estimated from reports of movements felt, as well as the damage to structures and the amount of ground deformation caused by an earthquake.")
cnt(W5291,"A measure of heat. The amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.")
cnt(W5292,"A measure of how easily a molecule moves from one place to another.")
cnt(W5293,"A measure of how similar the relative abundances of the species are in a community.")
cnt(W5294,"A measure of how square the hysteresis loop is, and a dimensionless quantity between 0 and 1.")
cnt(W5295,"A measure of how the density of seawater increases with increasing ocean depth.")
cnt(W5296,"A measure of how well a system performs its function. It is given by the ratio of energy flows into and out of the system, disregarding the quality and direction of these flows. The COP can be greater or less than one (e.g. in the case of refrigeration units).")
cnt(W5298,"A measure of how well foods resist electrical current flow. Unit is Ocm. It is the reciprocal of electrical conductivity.")
cnt(W5299,"A measure of human well-being that adjusts GDP by taking into account costs associated with environmental and social problems, environmental deterioration and the depletion of natural resources, and nonmarketed goods such as housework and leisure.")
cnt(W5300,"A measure of inequality in a population. The Gini coefficient ranges from a minimum value of zero, when all individuals are equal, to a theoretical maximum of one, in an infinite population in which every individual except one has a size of zero.")
cnt(W5301,"A measure of inequality in a population. The Gini coefficient ranges from a minimum value of zero, when all individuals are equal, to a theoretical maximum of one, in an infinite population in which every individual except one has a size of zero.")
cnt(W5302,"A measure of integral exposure. Examples include (1) the amount of a chemical ingested or injected (2) the amount of a chemical actually taken up, and (3) the product of the ambient exposure concentration and the duration of exposure.")
cnt(W5303,"a measure of maintainability that is computed as the total equipment downtime in a given time period divided by the number of failures in that period.")
cnt(W5304,"A measure of microscopic size effective for molecular collisions.")
cnt(W5306,"A measure of nuclear fuel consumption in a reactor. It can be expressed as the percentage of fuel atoms that have undergone fission or the total amount of heat released per unit weight of fuel. In the latter case it is usually expressed as megawatt-days per tonne (MWd/t).")
cnt(W5308,"A measure of oxygen consumption rate by activated sludge and usually called as respiration rate.")
cnt(W5309,"A measure of potentially available inorganic P in soil used to assess P fertility status and fertiliser requirement; involves shaking soil with 0.5M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at pH 8.5 for 30 minutes; inorganic P in extract is determined by molybdenum-blue colorimetry.")
cnt(W5311,"A measure of pressure expressed in terms of an equivalent depth of water.")
cnt(W5312,"a measure of product performance, especially useful to quantify qualitative quality factors")
cnt(W5315,"a measure of revenues over costs that takes into account both explicit and implicit costs and benefits")
cnt(W5316,"A measure of spatial correlation constructed by plotting half the variance of the set of differences in the value of a variable, exhibited by pairs of samples separated by certain distances, against that separation distance.")
cnt(W5317,"A measure of status which is often based on occupation, income and wealth, but also can be measured in terms of aspirations and mobility. Individuals that score similarly on these factors can be grouped into social classes.")
cnt(W5318,"A measure of stiffness, stress (or specific stress), divided by strain.")
cnt(W5319,"A measure of strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. (A negative one and a plus one bound the coefficient. Plus one corresponds with a perfect positive relationship. Negative one - with a perfect negative relationship. A zero indicates no relationship between the variables.)")
cnt(W5320,"A measure of the ‘peakedness’ of a distribution.")
cnt(W5327,"A measure of the ability of a vegetation surface to generate turbulence in the air flowing over it.")
cnt(W5328,"a measure of the ability of an item to be retained in or restored to a specified condition.")
cnt(W5329,"A measure of the ability to keep oppositely charged ions in solution apart from each other.")
cnt(W5331,"A measure of the alcoholic content of a spirit or pure ethanol; it is roughly twice the alcoholic content; the British and American systems vary slightly (see text).")
cnt(W5332,"A measure of the amount of all resources needed to produce a given product or service. This measure can be calculated in different types of units, monetary as in neoclassical economics (NCE) or in exergy forms.")
cnt(W5333,"A measure of the amount of energy absorbed by a material as it fractures.")
cnt(W5335,"A measure of the amount of fishing. Frequently some surrogate is used relating to a given combination of inputs into the fishing activity. Concerning the shrimp and krill fisheries, what can be used, depending on the fishing gear, is the number of hours or days spent fishing, and for industrial fishing a combination of the fleet capacity (tonnage and engine power) by the number of days at sea.")
cnt(W5336,"A measure of the amount of heat that flows from the Earth’s interior to its surface.")
cnt(W5338,"A measure of the amount of material dissolved in water (mostly inorganic salts).")
cnt(W5339,"a measure of the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to break down organic matter in a sample of water; used as a gauge of organic pollution of water.")
cnt(W5341,"A measure of the antiknocking properties of a gasoline.")
cnt(W5342,"A measure of the average degree of dissimilarity between observations as a function of the separation distance.")
cnt(W5343,"A measure of the broadening of the solute plug as it travels the length of the column.")
cnt(W5344,"A measure of the capacity of a system to resist perturbation. The ability to recover the original position after displacement.")
cnt(W5346,"A measure of the change of the logarithm of production in terms of the logarithm of a production factor.")
cnt(W5347,"a measure of the charge separation in a molecule")
cnt(W5348,"A measure of the chemical conditions in any environment or process, quantifying its tendency to oxidize or reduce the compounds present. Many reactions are classed as oxidation or reduction but the simplest are the addition or removal of an oxygen atom.")
cnt(W5349,"A measure of the contents of salt in seawater. Usually expressed in grams of salts in 1000 grams of seawater, or parts per thousand.")
cnt(W5351,"A measure of the degree of water clarity and permissible light transmission. High water turbidity is caused by a wide variety of suspended materials that range in size from colloidal to coarse dispersions, depending upon the degree of turbulence.")
cnt(W5353,"A measure of the degree to which one time series X differs from another Y. (The index is greater then zero if X isn't equal Y, and the more it is the more disagreement is.)")
cnt(W5354,"A measure of the departure from normal of the sea-level atmospheric pressure between Tahiti and Darwin, Australia. Negative values are correlated with warm ENSO events.")
cnt(W5355,"A measure of the departure from the state where multi-locus haplotype frequencies are the products of the individual allele frequencies.")
cnt(W5356,"A measure of the differentiation in structure and organization of a system.")
cnt(W5358,"A measure of the dispersion of a set. The sum of the squares of the difference between the individual values of a set and the arithmetic mean of the set, divided by one less than the number of values in the set. (The square of the standard deviation.)")
cnt(W5359,"a measure of the dissipation of energy into heat")
cnt(W5364,"A measure of the efficiency with which energy is transferred between trophic levels.")
cnt(W5367,"A measure of the extent to which a soil behaves in a plastic manner. The property can be measured as a plasticity index which is the difference in water weight between when a soil changes from a semi-solid to a plastic state, and when it changes from a plastic to a liquid state. Volcanic soils show a large decrease in plasticity index upon the soil being dried.")
cnt(W5374,"A measure of the method/sample specific analytical variation within a laboratory; usually the standard deviation of a data set. See “Standard Deviation” and “Variance.”")
cnt(W5375,"a measure of the overall diversity within a large region.")
cnt(W5376,"A measure of the percentage of pores >60 um in a soil.")
cnt(W5377,"A measure of the price wedge between a domestic price and a comparable world price at the border.")
cnt(W5380,"A measure of the purity or strength of the spectral color; it indicates the degree of saturation of neutral grey by the spectral color.")
cnt(W5382,"A measure of the quantity of an ion that can participate in a reaction. Equilibrium equations for aqueous solutions are always written in terms of activities. In ideal solutions, concentrations are equal to activities. In non-ideal solutions, activities are calculated by multiplying the measured concentrations by activity coefficients; the latter (ranging between less than 1 to about 1.2) depend on the ionic strength of the solutions. For practical purposes, concentrations can be substituted for activities in freshwater systems, but in brackish or sea water activity corrections should be made. Soil solutions fall between fresh and brackish water in ionic strength - activity corrections are made at the discretion of the worker.")
cnt(W5385,"A measure of the rate of improvement in a technology metric, typically cost per unit. Progress ratios are often assessed in terms of percentage reduction per doubling of accumulated production, such that 1-PR is equal to the percentage reduction (e.g., an 85% progress ratio in manufacturing cost indicates a 15% reduction in cost with each doubling of accumulated production).")
cnt(W5386,"A measure of the readiness with which the leaf surface conducts vapor from inside the leaf into the leaf boundary layer. The reciprocal of stomatal resistance.")
cnt(W5389,"A measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a fluid under a potential gradient and is a property of the medium alone. The property of a porous medium itself that expresses the ease with which gases, liquids, or other substances can pass through it.")
cnt(W5390,"A measure of the relative ease with which calcium carbonate can be precipitated as aragonite from seawater. Defined by calcium, proton and carbonate ion concentrations of seawater.")
cnt(W5391,"A measure of the relative price structure in the home and foreign country, often defined as the ratio of the price of traded goods to the price of nontraded goods.")
cnt(W5392,"a measure of the resistance of a solution to acidification. The quantity of strong acid required to depress the pH to a given end-point (typically pH = 4.3)")
cnt(W5394,"A measure of the resistance to fracture or deformation.")
cnt(W5395,"A measure of the response of one variable to a change in another; for example, an increase in water supply in response to increased demand.")
cnt(W5397,"A measure of the separation in space (or time) between two observations.  At its simplest a lag is a distance, but in two or more dimensions it may also be defined in terms of direction.")
cnt(W5399,"A measure of the size of an earthquake based on the area of fault rupture, the average amount of slip, and the shear modulus of the rocks offset by faulting.")
cnt(W5400,"A measure of the size of an explosive volcanic eruption, related to the logarithm of the volume of magma erupted")
cnt(W5401,"A measure of the smallest difference between the energies of two particles capable of being distinguished by a given detector.")
cnt(W5402,"A measure of the smallest linear separation between two objects. It is a measure of the resolving power of a sensor expressed in meters.")
cnt(W5403,"A measure of the strength of an earthquake according to the energy released at its source.")
cnt(W5404,"A measure of the strength of an earthquake at a given place according to its effects on people, objects, structures (buildings), and nature.")
cnt(W5405,"A measure of the strength of an earthquake or strain energy released by it, as determined by seismographic observations. This is a logarithmic value originally defined by Charles Richter (1935). An increase of one unit of magnitude (for example, from 4.6 to 5.6) represents a 10-fold increase in wave amplitude on a seismogram or approximately a 30-fold increase in the energy released.")
cnt(W5407,"A measure of the strength of the interaction between two atomic or subatomic particles.")
cnt(W5409,"A measure of the system in terms of its technical characteristics (based on the successful fulfillment of a specified mission) and total life-cycle cost. The objective is to maximize the technical effectiveness of a system while minimizing total system life-cycle cost.")
cnt(W5410,"A measure of the tendency for osmosis to occur. It is the pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the passage of water molecules into it from a reservoir of pure water.")
cnt(W5411,"A measure of the tendency of a system to accept or donate electrons and is closely related to oxygen concentration in aqueous systems.")
cnt(W5412,"A measure of the total size of a magnetic field. It is a scalar quantity determined by the magnetic flux density and the area. It is measured in webers.")
cnt(W5416,"A measure of the water content of air suspended in vapor form as a percentage of the maximum water content that air at that given temperature will hold. As warm air cools it is capable of suspending less water in a vapor state and its relative humidity rises. The temperature at which the relative humidity reaches 100% is dew or saturation point. As the temperature of the air continues to drop below the dew point, water vapor is forced to condense into liquid water.")
cnt(W5417,"A measure of total benefits to society measured in aggregate.")
cnt(W5418,"a measure of trophic structure and matter and energy exchanges in an ecosystem. This has been defined in various ways by various researchers and is an oftentimes misrepresented concept.")
cnt(W5421,"A measure of unbound-free water in a system (see Colligative Properties). In food products, high water activity indicates potentially high biological and chemical reactions. Quantitatively, it is equal to the vapor pressure of the material divided by the vapor pressure of pure water (at a given temperature).")
cnt(W5426,"A measure of wire diameter. The larger the gauge size, the smaller the wire diameter. A 12-gauge wire is 2.5 mm in diameter while a 14-gauge wire is 2.0 mm in diameter.")
cnt(W5427,"a measure taken at an in-service stage. It consists of the incoming, preventive (optional) and scheduled (mandatory) types of testing.")
cnt(W5429,"a measure typically used in the design of wastewater management systems. Because there are differences in wastewater generation rates between premises with and without reticulated water supplies, and premises with dry composting toilet technologies, it is usually easier to stipulate design limits by an ‘equivalent’ number of people rather than the total flow.")
cnt(W5430,"A measure which defines the strength of the coupling between tow types of energies.")
cnt(W5432,"A measured determination of the correct timing of irrigation applications and the correct amount of water to apply to meet plant needs.")
cnt(W5433,"a measurement apparatus which acquires the value by electrical resistance accordance to the length change of a gauge attached to the object to be measured.")
cnt(W5434,"A measurement index that expresses the probability that patterns of land covers are more aggregated or ""clumped"" than randomly distributed across a landscape.")
cnt(W5435,"A measurement index that indicates the overall amount of reshaping of landscape structure. Fractal dimension ranges from simple to complex depending upon the amount of disturbance or heterogeneity that exists on a landscape.")
cnt(W5436,"A measurement made with the meter at rest, such as a land reading.")
cnt(W5437,"A measurement of energy, as opposed to power. A Terawatt (TW) is one million million watts. A Terawatt-hour is shorthand for multiplying that amount of power by the number of seconds in an hour (3,600 seconds) to identify the amount of energy (Joules) that has been generated.")
cnt(W5438,"a measurement of human preference for near term over longer term benefits or reduced costs")
cnt(W5439,"A measurement of shear distortion of a body commonly used in engineering.")
cnt(W5440,"A measurement of strain for a cross-section of bending members, such as beams, plates and shells.")
cnt(W5444,"A measurement or an observation that is subject to uncertain outcome.")
cnt(W5445,"A measurement that is made remotely from a distance and has no direct contact with the medium being measured")
cnt(W5446,"a measuring apparatus by changing hertz of vibrating wire")
cnt(W5447,"A measuring device comparing generally two values of the measured entity in two closely situated points, e.g. the absolute value of magnetic field or of one of its vector components.")
cnt(W5448,"A meat (typically pork) with pale color, soft consistency, and high drip.")
cnt(W5449,"A meat with dark color, firm consistency, and dry surface.")
cnt(W5450,"a mechanical analysis technique used in describing the behavior of inclusions in matrices")
cnt(W5451,"A mechanical device for recording water flow in streams and rivers, consisting essentially of a rotating element with a revolution counter, directional vane, counterweight, and so on, held on a wading rod or suspended from a cableway.")
cnt(W5455,"A mechanical or gravation process which supplies oxygen to pond water and may circulate or mix water to aid in the distribution of dissolved oxygen throughout the ponds.")
cnt(W5456,"A mechanical phenomenon in which a particulate bed loses its strength due to the uplifting force of the upward gas flow within the bed.")
cnt(W5459,"A mechanical rotating device supported by bearings capable of storing kinetic energy.")
cnt(W5460,"A mechanical stirrer installed in a gravity settling tank such as a sludge thickener to release water and gases from the sludge.")
cnt(W5461,"a mechanical, fire, chemical or hand treatment to promote natural or artificial regeneration.")
cnt(W5462,"A mechanically cut and compressed product for energy generation. Compression is done during the production process. The strenghth of sods increases during drying. The desired moisture content of sods is usually about 35%.")
cnt(W5463,"a mechanism by which the toughness of a ceramic material is increased as a result of the change in crystal structure of one or more of the phases.")
cnt(W5464,"A mechanism by which the United States provides health care for low-income citizens.")
cnt(W5465,"A mechanism by which the United States provides health care for the elderly and retired people.")
cnt(W5466,"A mechanism conditioning the formation of front.")
cnt(W5467,"A mechanism for resolving disputes concerning protection amongst the member countries of the WTO.")
cnt(W5468,"A mechanism implements a social choice function if its equilibrium outcomes correspond to the outcomes of the social choice function for each vector of types.")
cnt(W5469,"A mechanism involving centripetal processes that attract capital and labor towards certain (core) regions.")
cnt(W5470,"A mechanism of expectation formation about the future values of a variable as a function of all available information, including the way an economic model determines this variable.")
cnt(W5471,"A mechanism of expectation formation about the future values of a variable as a function of its past observed values.")
cnt(W5472,"A mechanism of heat transfer in a flowing material in which hot material rises because of its lower density, while cool denser material sinks.")
cnt(W5474,"A mechanism through which people empower themselves by increasing their ability to control their own lives in order to create a more fulfilling existence through mutual efforts to resolve shared problems.")
cnt(W5475,"A mechanism to control the increase in greenhouse gas emissions by setting emission limits, allocating permits, and allowing emitters to trade permits amongst themselves as a means of achieving the lowest cost emission reductions overall.")
cnt(W5476,"A mechanism to yield field theory finite. It involves counter term to the Lagrange density and running coupling constants")
cnt(W5477,"A mechanism where the message space is the type space and the outcome function is the social choice function.")
cnt(W5478,"A mechanized pulley used to haul in nets, in particular, purse seines.")
cnt(W5479,"A median bone in the front of palate, below the ethmoid, often bearing teeth.")
cnt(W5480,"A median outgrowth on the dorsal surface of brain, sensitive to light, and which releases melatonin hormone.")
cnt(W5481,"A medical imaging technique – commonly referred to as CT Scan - used for the gathering of anatomical information from a cross-sectional plan of the body. Generated by a computer synthesis of x-ray transmission data obtained from many different directions on a given plane, a CT scan image is presented in such a way that the image of the selected plane remains clear while the images of all other planes are blurred or obliterated.")
cnt(W5482,"A medical imaging technique used for the location, measurement or delineation of deep structures in the body by measuring on a colored video screen the reflection or transmission of ultrasonic waves whose frequency is greater than 20,000 Hertz. [ The Hertz is a unit of frequency equivalent to 1 cycle per second and is named after its discoverer, German physicist Rudolph Hertz. ]")
cnt(W5483,"A medical treatment which bypasses the immune system’s rejection response.")
cnt(W5485,"A medicinal drug of any type.")
cnt(W5486,"A medieval chemical philosophy having as its associated aims the transmutation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the panacea, and the preparation of an elixir of longevity.")
cnt(W5487,"A medium of publication that involves a higher computing/network capacity and is correspondingly more costly to implement and to access than e-mail or newsgroups. It allows for the display of many types of information, including text, images, sound, and video, as well as interactive communication.")
cnt(W5488,"a medium to which compounds are added to selectively inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms but not others.")
cnt(W5492,"A medium-sized rocky object orbiting the Sun, smaller than a planet, larger than a meteoroid.")
cnt(W5493,"A meeting held between two organizations or countries to exchange opinions and ideas, so that a decision can be made.")
cnt(W5494,"A meeting of horizontal currents that is accompanied by vertical downward movement of water.")
cnt(W5499,"A megascopic feature of a rock, generally seen better in the outcrop than in hand specimens.")
cnt(W5500,"A megascopic feature of the sediment, generally seen best in the outcrop rather than in a hand specimen or thin section, for instance cross bedding, normal grading, or ripple lamination.")
cnt(W5501,"A melt can be saturated with respect to a fluid phase if it contains bubbles of such gas.")
cnt(W5502,"A member of a system, often a device.")
cnt(W5503,"A member of the Bryophyta division of the plant kingdom of non-flowering plants. Includes mosses, liverworts and hornworts.")
cnt(W5504,"a member of the diplomatic profession")
cnt(W5505,"A member of the first order of mammals to be described by Carolus Linnaeus in the eighteenth century.")
cnt(W5506,"A member of the fourth of five groups of unmanned earth resources satellites. This was the first to carry sideways-looking airborne radar.")
cnt(W5507,"A member of the host population is classified as exposed if they have been infected, but are not yet infectious. The exposed compartment is the collection of such individuals.")
cnt(W5508,"A member of the host population is classified as infective if they have been infected and are infectious. The infective compartment is the collection of such individuals.")
cnt(W5509,"A member of the host population is classified as removed if they are unable to take part in the transmission of infection, either because they are no longer infectious and have become immune, sometimes because they have been vaccinated and sometimes even because they are dead. The removed compartment is the collection of such individuals.")
cnt(W5510,"A member of the host population is classified as susceptible if they are not infected and are capable of being infected. The susceptible compartment is the collection of such individuals.")
cnt(W5511,"A member of the plant family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).")
cnt(W5512,"A member of the plant family Poaceae (=Graminae).")
cnt(W5513,"A membership organization not affiliated with or under the control of any government, which may seek to influence national and international governments to serve its membership.")
cnt(W5515,"A membrane protein forming a pore that is permeable to certain ions and is gated by depolarization of the membrane.")
cnt(W5516,"A membrane that encloses the DNA found within eukaryotic cells.")
cnt(W5517,"A membrane used to transmit sound to the inner ear. Also called the eardrum.")
cnt(W5519,"A memory device that is characterized by a rotating, non-removable platter with magnetized spots on the surface that are interpreted as a 0 or 1 value.")
cnt(W5520,"a mental condition marked by a reduced ability to maintain attention, confusion, incoherent speech, and sensory misperceptions")
cnt(W5523,"a mental mechanism structured with laws very different from consciousness, characterized by hidden impulses and conflicting wishes.")
cnt(W5524,"A mental process in which children continually try to assimilate new objects into an old schema, or mental representation of an object, and then eventually accommodate the new object into a revised or an entirely new mental representation.")
cnt(W5525,"A mental representation that allows people to find their way through a spatial environment such as a city, a large building, or a virtual world. A cognitive map is based on experience and cognitive spatial ability, and may have properties of the different types of mental representations (that is, a cognitive map may be a collection of mental representations of the environment of interest).")
cnt(W5526,"A mental state indicating that a defendant possesses a certain level of blameworthiness for the harmful results of his conduct.")
cnt(W5527,"A meristem that generates parallel rows of cells e.g. the vascular cambium and the cork cambium, or phellogen. Both are involved in secondary thickening of woody plants.")
cnt(W5528,"A Mesoproterozoic rift with one branch from the Lake Superior basin southwest into Kansas and another branch extending into Ohio. The rift was active between 1.2 and 1.0 Ga.")
cnt(W5529,"A mesoscale tropical area of cloudiness consisting of numerous cumulonimbus clouds, (4-150)104 km2; from a satellite the tops of individual clouds are seen as bright patches, from which bands of cirrus clouds branch off. ")
cnt(W5531,"A message-bearing chemical that conveys a mutual advantage to both the emitter and the receiver.")
cnt(W5535,"A metabolite produced by cyanobacteria or Streptomycetes sp.")
cnt(W5536,"A metabolite which cannot be further metabolized by the producing organism.")
cnt(W5537,"A metal alloy that has been cooled so fast that it has been unable to crystallize.")
cnt(W5538,"A metal belonging to a group IIA in the Periodic Table as presented by Be, Mg, Ca, etc.")
cnt(W5539,"A metal belonging to groups IIIA to XA in forth period of the Periodic Table as presented by Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, etc.")
cnt(W5540,"A metal inactive to chemical attack (usually the cathode).")
cnt(W5541,"A metal joining technique that uses a molten filler metal alloy having a melting temperature greater than about 425 °C.")
cnt(W5542,"A metal joining technique that uses a molten filler metal alloy with a melting temperature lower than about 425 °C.")
cnt(W5543,"A metal or ceramic having a high melting temperature, usually over 1700 EC. Example refractory metals are tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, and zirconium.")
cnt(W5544,"A metal that is coated with other metals, paints etc. to resist weathering and alter it’s appearance.")
cnt(W5545,"A metal used for electroplating and in batteries, as a color pigment for paints, and as a stabilizer in plastics. Cadmium is a nephrotoxicant and hepatotoxicant, probably acting by displacement and substitution of essential metals in proteins and enzymes.")
cnt(W5546,"A metallic compound that is liquid near room temperature. It is used as a semiconductor compound to fabricate electronic devices such as infrared night vision scopes, computer memory, quartz thermometers, transistors, and laser diodes.")
cnt(W5547,"A metallic or stony (silicate) body that has fallen on earth (or other planetary body) from outer space. Most meteorites come from asteroids, but a small number come from the Moon or Mars.")
cnt(W5549,"A meta-methodology designed to operationalize the commitments of CST to improve organizational problem situations.")
cnt(W5550,"A metamorphic process in which a high-grade rock is re-metamorphosed into a lower grade rock (i.e. lower pressure and temperature).")
cnt(W5551,"A metamorphic rock characterized by schistosity, that is, the preferred orientation of minerals of platey (e.g., micas) and prismatic (hornblende) habits.")
cnt(W5553,"A metamorphic rock composed mainly of quartz and derived from sandstone.")
cnt(W5555,"A metamorphic rock consisting mainly of the amphibole and plagioclase minerals, with little or no quartz.")
cnt(W5556,"A metamorphic rock derived from limestone and consisting mainly of calcite.")
cnt(W5557,"A metamorphic rock formed under high pressure and low temperature conditions, and containing blue-colored amphibole.")
cnt(W5558,"A metamorphic rock forms by changes of the mineral assemblage due to elevated temperatures and pressures.")
cnt(W5559,"A metaphor for the administrative subdivision of cities into numerous local governments, also known as metropolitan fragmentation.")
cnt(W5560,"A metaphor is when a figure, words, concepts, or ideas, are used in place of another to suggest a link, an analogy between them.")
cnt(W5561,"a metaphor of the overall nature of a collectivity")
cnt(W5562,"A metaphysical theory which maintains that the truth of existing things is an inner principle of determination known only to the mind, not the senses.")
cnt(W5563,"A metastable iron phase supersaturated in carbon that is the product of diffusionless (athermal) transformation from austenite.")
cnt(W5564,"A meter that measures the entire magnitude of the gravity field.")
cnt(W5565,"A meter to measure flow for the payment thereof.")
cnt(W5566,"A method currently in use for the recovery of bitumen from deposits that is close to the surface.")
cnt(W5568,"A method for analyzing and improving the environmental impact of processes and systems, considering the full life cycle of the product or service.")
cnt(W5569,"A method for building walls from moist soil placed into a form under pressure; may also contain cement and steel for structural strength.")
cnt(W5570,"A method for detecting a QTL that uses flanking markers to track the inheritance of a locus between these markers.")
cnt(W5571,"A method for detecting radon concentration over a period of time by using a small plastic sheet coated with a special material and encased in a canister. Radon gas that enters the canister strikes the sheet and etches tracks on the coating as the gas or its progenies disintegrate.")
cnt(W5572,"A method for detection of insufficient heat treatment during pasteurization.")
cnt(W5574,"a method for determining the three-dimensional structure of a large molecule at atomic resolution by examining the diffraction pattern of X-rays striking the crystal sample.")
cnt(W5575,"A method for evaluating perceived food texture developed by the General Foods Corporation in the 1960s, which includes mechanical and rheological (force-related) properties as well as geometric properties of foods, evaluated by a trained panel using intensity calibrated scales.")
cnt(W5577,"A method for measuring concentration of radon gas or radon decay products by collecting air into a flask that is coated on the inside with radiation-sensing chemicals. Measurements are normally done a few hours after the sampling and by counting the photon emission rate caused by the decay of radon gas or progenies inside the flask.")
cnt(W5578,"A method for nonsmooth optimization, in which information is accumulated along the iterations to build a piecewise quadratic model of the function.")
cnt(W5579,"a method for planning in which groups or teams describe possible future circumstances and how the organization might respond to them")
cnt(W5580,"a method for producing multiple copies of a nucleotide sequence, using primers and DNA replication enzymes that function by repeated priming, copying, priming, copying, etc.")
cnt(W5581,"A method for satisfying conflicting requirements in such a manner as to produce a constructive result.")
cnt(W5583,"a method for simulating a random variate as a function of some set of ""simpler"" random variates satisfying some specific condition; (the random set of variates which do not satisfy the condition are rejected and another set is tried),")
cnt(W5584,"a method for simulating a random variate as a ratio of uniformly distributed variates on some bivariate set,")
cnt(W5585,"a method for simulating a random variate based on representing the cdf of the variate,")
cnt(W5586,"a method for simulating a random variate by inverting the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the variate,")
cnt(W5587,"a method for solving a numerical problem by using random variates to estimate the solution to the problem,")
cnt(W5588,"a method for solving optimization problems based on an algorithm that simulates the annealing physical process,")
cnt(W5589,"a method in elemental analysis that measures the wavelength and the intensity of radiation emitted from a flame.")
cnt(W5590,"a method in which an exact solution is approached by a sequence of approximate ones where each approximate solution is obtained from the previous one by a common rule.")
cnt(W5593,"A method of analysis of water occurrence in nature based on probability and statistical theories.")
cnt(W5595,"A method of analysis that combines results and models from the physical, biological, economic and social sciences, and the interactions between these components, in a consistent framework, to project the consequences of climate change and the policy responses to it.")
cnt(W5596,"A method of analysis which attempts to predict the likely repercussions of a proposed major development upon the social and physical environment of the surrounding area.")
cnt(W5599,"A method of analyzing measured deviations in manufactured materials, parts, and products.")
cnt(W5600,"A method of artificial recharge where water is spread in a detention area (e.g. recharge basin, pit or trench) over a permeable zone and allowed to infiltrate through the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone.")
cnt(W5601,"a method of asexual propagation in which young plants are artificially and sterilely produced in test-tubes or special plastic boxes from a very small piece of tissue.")
cnt(W5602,"A method of assessing, and by so doing, reducing the hazards associated with a process, usually in the petrochemical or related industries.")
cnt(W5603,"A method of assigning area significance to point rainfall values.")
cnt(W5604,"A method of boring a vertical shaft in a tunnel from the bottom upward.")
cnt(W5605,"A method of breaking up long streams of computer data into small packets of information and mixing up packets from multiple users in a single communication channel.")
cnt(W5606,"A method of calculating recharge rates based on the relationship between tritium concentrations and depth observed in a soil profile.")
cnt(W5607,"A method of calculating the survival function for a single variable based on conditional survival probabilities.")
cnt(W5608,"A method of checking the proportional hazards assumption based on a large-sample chi-square test.")
cnt(W5609,"a method of collecting data by obtaining information from a sample of the total population, rather than by a complete census.")
cnt(W5610,"a method of combining scores of alternatives on individual criteria into an overall score, leading to rankings of the alternatives. A common example is the additive value function, in which overall score is the weighted sum of performance on individual criteria.")
cnt(W5611,"A method of conducting an environmental impact analysis that employs a broad, comprehensive study to identify the issues and effects that may result from several anticipated projects. Subsequent, site-specific projects, if designed as planned under the anticipated circumstances, may then require less scrutiny when they make reference to the broader, earlier analysis.")
cnt(W5612,"A method of continuously culturing algal cells in a medium with a relatively stable chemical composition.")
cnt(W5613,"A method of continuously culturing algal cells in an environment with a constant cycle. Most commonly the cycle is one of light and darkness similar a day:night cycle (12 hours light and 12 hours dark).")
cnt(W5614,"A method of control in which a loop is closed in the laboratory and results of measurements on a sample of identical quantum systems are used to refine the applied control design; a new sample is used in each cycle of the loop.")
cnt(W5615,"A method of control in which a quantum system is required to evolve along a specified track connecting the initial and final states.")
cnt(W5616,"A method of control in which quantum processes or reactions are manipulated by means of interference between two possible transitions driven by two monochromatic laser beams.")
cnt(W5618,"a method of controlling pollution by taxing those responsible for the emission of pollutants in proportion to the amount and type of pollutant emitted")
cnt(W5619,"A method of converting a relative gravity measurement to an absolute gravity value by measuring gravity at a benchmark.")
cnt(W5620,"a method of converting the carbon in biomass into a gaseous energy carrier using raised temperatures and oxidants")
cnt(W5622,"A method of describing the response of a system using both physics and experimental data.")
cnt(W5623,"A method of describing the response of a system using experimental date only")
cnt(W5624,"a method of determining historical responsibility of climate change, based on past emissions. Information is available from http: //www.mct.gov.br/clima/ingles/quioto/protoco3.htm")
cnt(W5625,"a method of direct influence on an object.")
cnt(W5627,"A method of earthquake resistant design of structures, in which horizontal and/or vertical forces proportional to the weight of structures are applied to the structures.")
cnt(W5628,"A method of earthquake resistant design of structures, in which the seismic forces are determined by the response spectrum.")
cnt(W5629,"A method of earthquake resistant design of underground structures, where the ground displacement or ground strain are applied to the structures.")
cnt(W5630,"a method of economic analysis used to determine the most efficient allocation of resources over time")
cnt(W5631,"A method of estimating a buildings life-cycle costs including initial construction costs, long-term operating costs, and demolition costs after its useful life.")
cnt(W5632,"A method of estimation and inference in which the number and location of objects in the population is treated as fixed and randomness arises from the random sampling used to collect the data.")
cnt(W5633,"A method of estimation and inference in which the number and location of objects in the population is treated as random and we condition on the sampling method used to collect the data.")
cnt(W5634,"a method of exploiting heterosis between sub-species")
cnt(W5635,"A method of food preservation resulting in hermetically sealed containers of food that have been sterilized by heat, so as to remain shelf stable over long periods of time under normal non-refrigerated conditions. The severity of heat treatment needed depends upon whether the microbial activity is further hindered by the low pH and/or water activity of a given food product.")
cnt(W5636,"A method of gaining information prior to or following a communication campaign by random survey or questionnaire to the target audience.")
cnt(W5637,"A method of grouting whereby soil is either mixed with or replaced by grout by water being jetted from the grout pipe.")
cnt(W5638,"A method of hydrogen production from biomass using a fermentation process.")
cnt(W5639,"a method of illustrating the fundamental interactions of particles which is also used as a short-hand calculating tool for determining cross sections.")
cnt(W5640,"A method of improving soft clay deposits by installing the band-shaped fibrous geotextile into the ground.")
cnt(W5641,"a method of incubating fertilized fish eggs through the hatching stage.")
cnt(W5642,"A method of injecting grout at varying consistencies into joints in a rock mass for making the rock less permeable")
cnt(W5643,"A method of logging that produces even-aged forest stands by removing all of the trees in a given area.")
cnt(W5644,"A method of making a hollow about 60 cm wide, 80 cm long, and 20 cm deep on the soil surface in order to accumulate water from surface runoff. Special socket-makers or plows equipped with special devices are used to make these sockets.")
cnt(W5645,"A method of making a very narrow and deep ditch in soil about 3 cm wide and 45 cm deep in order to retain water and reduce surface runoff. Special crevice-cutters or plows equipped with special devices are used to make crevices.")
cnt(W5646,"A method of making multiple copies of a sequence of DNA.")
cnt(W5647,"A method of manufacturing high-pressure gas cylinders.")
cnt(W5648,"A method of measurement in which the value of a measurand is determined by measurement of the appropriate base quantities.")
cnt(W5649,"A method of measurement in which the value of a measurand is obtained directly, rather than by measurement of other quantities functionally related to the measurand.")
cnt(W5650,"a method of measuring temperature utilizing radiation emitted from a body in the infra-red region of the spectrum. The radiation intensity from the source is often compared to the intensity of a standard at a known temperature.")
cnt(W5651,"A method of measuring the discharge of streams by determining the velocity of the flowing water at a number of points over the cross section, measuring depths over the area of the cross section, and summing products of mean velocities by elemental areas. mean-section method ; mid-section method ; velocity-contour method.")
cnt(W5652,"a method of measuring the temperature of incandescent objects by comparing the intensity of a source to that of a standard where the radiant intensity is in the visual region of the spectrum, usually at a narrow wave-length interval in the red region.")
cnt(W5653,"A method of measuring the value of a medical outcome by estimating the maximum dollar amount a person is willing to pay to obtain the outcome.")
cnt(W5656,"a method of obtaining pure cultures over the surface of an agar plate.")
cnt(W5657,"A method of planning and conducting experiments and analyzing the resulting data so that valid and objective conclusions can be obtained.")
cnt(W5658,"A method of predicting performance of large equipment from the knowledge obtained from geometrically similar, smaller equipment.")
cnt(W5659,"A method of quantum control in which two sequential ultrashort laser pulses are used to manipulate the dynamics of a molecular reaction.")
cnt(W5660,"A method of reducing edge bias by wrapping the region so as to remove its boundaries. For a rectangular region, this is achieved by wrapping the region into a donut.")
cnt(W5661,"A method of reducing the effects of data dependencies by dynamically creating new instances of registers to store results temporarily during the executing of instructions.")
cnt(W5662,"a method of regulating environmental pollution in which the regulator, normally in collaboration with industry, determines which technology represents the best balance between additional costs and benefits of reduced pollution and requires all producers to use that technology")
cnt(W5663,"A method of regulation that allows an airport to charge cost plus a ""reasonable"" profit margin.")
cnt(W5664,"A method of removing gases and odours from an air stream by passing it through an adsorption filter such as activated carbon.")
cnt(W5666,"A method of representing earth coordinates. For example, the datum used for GPS positioning is called WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984). It consists of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system and an associated ellipsoid, so that WGS84 positions can be described as either XYZ Cartesian coordinates or latitude, longitude, and ellipsoid height coordinates. The origin of the datum is the Geocenter (the center of mass of the earth) and it is designed for positioning anywhere on earth.")
cnt(W5667,"A method of reproducing and preserving sediment features in unconsolidated outcrops. A thin film of diluted lacquer, usually reinforced by cloth, is applied onto the fresh face of a profile and allowed to dry. The film is then loosened from the face whilst the sedimentary material remains attached to the hardened lacquer. This gives a natural replica of the profile in the form of a thin lacquer peel or lacquer profile.")
cnt(W5668,"A method of resampling from the sample or from a particular model which can be used to reduce bias, estimate variability or construct inferences.")
cnt(W5670,"A method of sample selection in which each possible subset of the population has a known probability of being the sample that is drawn. Every population unit has a known non-zero probability of being included in the sample.")
cnt(W5671,"A method of sampling in which a set of objects are ""captured"" and marked or identified before being released so that we can subsequently try to ""recapture"" them on one or more occasions.")
cnt(W5672,"A method of sampling in which captured or detected objects are removed from the population.")
cnt(W5673,"A method of sampling in which the way sampling units are selected depends on the values of the survey variable observed during the survey. The method is usually used to allow more intensive sampling in regions of high abundance.")
cnt(W5674,"A method of separating large molecules (such as DNA fragments or proteins such as enzymes) from a mixture of similar molecules in a medium through which an electric current is passed.")
cnt(W5676,"a method of setting parameter values for sensitivity tests")
cnt(W5677,"A method of smoothing scatterplots by fitting local regression models.")
cnt(W5678,"A method of stabilizing clayey deposits by fostering drainage of excess pore pressure.")
cnt(W5681,"A method of taking salt out of the water, with specific reference to sea water")
cnt(W5682,"A method of testing a bore or well that involves the collection of discharge, water level and temperature versus time measurements during pumping and using these to generate estimates of flow parameters to the well and through the aquifer.")
cnt(W5683,"A method of thinking and analysis developed by the seventeenth-century French philosopher René Descartes that sees the world as divided into two parts: the rational (what is contained within and controlled by the human mind) and the irrational (the human body and other natural systems).")
cnt(W5684,"A method of treatment using climatic conditions.")
cnt(W5685,"A method of utilizing a petrographic microscope with an ultraviolet light source that induces luminescence in different kinds of organic matter, thereby revealing biologic details not seen under white light.")
cnt(W5688,"A method such as radiometric dating that provides a numerical age for geological materials.")
cnt(W5692,"A method that has been determined to meet certain performance criteria for sampling and/or measurement operations.")
cnt(W5693,"A method that measures directly the activities related to progeny by pumping air through filter paper. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.")
cnt(W5694,"a method that uses the timing of wave reflections to determine the properties of various materials, such as the dielectric constant of soil as an indicator of the water content")
cnt(W5696,"A method to calculate EC50 and LC50.")
cnt(W5698,"A method to directly assemble the contributions of individual members or elements of a structure to form the stiffness matrix of a structure.")
cnt(W5699,"A method to generate heat inside a product by coupling high frequency alternating current with an antenna.")
cnt(W5700,"A method to generate heat inside a product by magnetic coupling of alternating current in a transformer arrangement.")
cnt(W5701,"A method to improve safety and security through involving community residents and organizations in policing initiatives. In the South African case, community-policing forums have been mandated.")
cnt(W5702,"A method to initiate near-natural vegetation development by spreading of plant clipping material that was mown in suitable donor communities (mostly nature protection areas) at a time when most of the target species produced germinable seeds. With this method also vegetative parts were transmitted that may be able to establish on the new site. The use of fresh material is more favourable at times with high wind speeds, e.g. winter storms, because drying on the ground prevents the material to be blown away. ")
cnt(W5703,"A method to install waterproof walls or solidified walls in the ground by injecting cement or water glass which has a long gel time.")
cnt(W5704,"A method to model structures by a finite number of elements (members) that are associated with a set of discrete variables to be determined numerically.")
cnt(W5705,"A method to model structures by a finite number of typical elements associated with a set of discrete variables to be determined numerically.")
cnt(W5707,"a method used for determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.")
cnt(W5708,"A method used to calculate recharge rates based on the chloride ratios of groundwater and precipitation.")
cnt(W5709,"A method used to cool air by evaporating water into it. The humidity of the air is increased, while the temperature is decreased.")
cnt(W5710,"A method used to estimate economic benefits or costs associated with (i) environmental quality, including air pollution, water pollution, or noise, as well as (ii) environmental amenities, such as aesthetic views or proximity to recreational sites that directly affect market prices.")
cnt(W5711,"A method used to obtain market values for non-marketed goods and services using survey techniques.")
cnt(W5712,"A method used to quantify the environmental burden of a product, process or activity on the basis of an inventory of environmental factors from the extraction of raw materials until their final disposal (or subsequent reuse or recycling as defined within the scope of a given study). Occupational health impacts and environmental factors include the consumption of raw materials and energy and emissions to air and water.")
cnt(W5713,"A method used to reduce the amount of information stored in a particular file. Graphics files and moving video files are good candidates for compression because they are generally very large in size. Compressing these files can greatly reduce the amount of information required. However, compression comes with some sacrifice of image quality. Data compression is particularly useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit the same amount of data in fewer bits. There is a variety of data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.")
cnt(W5714,"a method used to separate proteins in a polyacrylamide medium containing the detergent SDS which renders the movement of protein molecules that will move at differing rates in an electric field.")
cnt(W5715,"A method where model outputs are evaluated based on isolated changes to individual input variables. ")
cnt(W5716,"A method whereby government pays the cost of health care for everybody in the country, using part of the proceeds from taxation.")
cnt(W5717,"A method, frequently referred as atomic layer epitaxy, based on chemical reactions at the surface of the substrate during which the reactants are alternately transported as vapor pulses.")
cnt(W5718,"a method, in which the solvent laden vapors are directly contacted with a deeply cooled solvent, so that the solvent vapors spontaneously condense while either contacted in an absorption column or bubbling through a layer of subcooled solvent.")
cnt(W5719,"A method, sometimes automated, for determining the base sequence.")
cnt(W5720,"A methodological debate in the discipline between the behavioralists, who favored the use of quantitative analysis, and those traditionalists who preferred an interpretivist approach.")
cnt(W5721,"A methodology for building system dynamics computer models in which a group or team of people participate actively and simultaneously in building the model.")
cnt(W5722,"a methodology for jointly considering cost and effectiveness incorporating subjective evaluation.")
cnt(W5723,"A methodology for solving ill-posed problems.")
cnt(W5724,"A methodology related to linear programming with the additional restriction that the decision variables can only take on integer values.")
cnt(W5725,"A methodology that aims to measure the price impact of subsidies as the difference between the price actually paid and a world reference price.")
cnt(W5726,"a methodology that allows considering environmental management on the basis of reviews of current formal and informal institutions and institutional systems available in a society.")
cnt(W5727,"a methodology that allows screening a great number of compounds at the same time.")
cnt(W5728,"A methodology to determine the toxicity of a mixture of toxic compounds of unknown composition")
cnt(W5729,"a methodology to explain a social and group phenomenon by decomposing it into cognitive and behavioral processes of an individual person, which is severely challenged by not a few researchers but still dominant in common sense and even in a mainstream of psychology")
cnt(W5730,"A methodology used to express the idea of plurality explicitly through the use of quantifiers. By extension, quantification can also be implicit when it is implied in the meaning of the text.")
cnt(W5731,"A methodology which ""sits above"" other methodologies to guide choice and inform implementation strategies.")
cnt(W5732,"A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential (GWP). Carbon dioxide equivalents are commonly expressed as ""million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMTCDE)"" or ""million short tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MSTCDE)"" The carbon dioxide equivalent for a gas is derived by multiplying the tons of the gas by the associated GWP: MMTCDE= (million metric tons of a gas) * (GWP of the gas).For example, the GWP for methane is 24.5. This means that emissions of one million metric tons of methane are equivalent to emissions of 24.5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Carbon may also be used as the reference and other greenhouse gases may be converted to carbon equivalents. To convert carbon to carbon dioxide, multiply the carbon by 44/12 (the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to carbon).")
cnt(W5736,"a metric used to describe performance or desirability of an alternative or course of action")
cnt(W5737,"A microbiological criterion incorporated in a food standard or food regulation.")
cnt(W5738,"A microorganism able to use carbon dioxide as carbon source and inorganic compounds for its metabolic energy production, thus requiring no organic substances for growth.")
cnt(W5740,"A microorganism capable of converting radiant (light) energy into metabolic energy.")
cnt(W5741,"A microorganism that derives its energy from biochemical reactions and uses inorganic compounds as electron donor (mostly chemoautotrophs).")
cnt(W5743,"A microorganism that derives its energy from biochemical reactions and uses organic compounds as electron donor (mostly chemoheterotrophs).")
cnt(W5745,"A microorganism that derives its energy from light and uses inorganic compounds as electron donor (mostly photoautotrophs).")
cnt(W5746,"A microorganism that derives its energy from light and uses organic compounds as electron donors (mostly photoheterotrophs).")
cnt(W5747,"a micro-organism that does not retain the primary dye in the Gram-stain procedure")
cnt(W5748,"a microorganism that does not retains the primary dye in Gram stain procedure (a test used in identification of bacteria).")
cnt(W5750,"A microorganism that is able to use carbon dioxide as sole carbon source for growth (cell carbon).")
cnt(W5751,"A microorganism that normally does not require air or free oxygen to live and reproduce.")
cnt(W5754,"A microorganism that requires carbon sources more reduced than carbon dioxide for growth (cell carbon).")
cnt(W5755,"a microorganism that retains the primary dye in the Gram stain procedure (a test used in identification of bacteria).")
cnt(W5757,"a micro-organism that retains the primary dye in the Gram-stain procedure")
cnt(W5759,"A microorganism which grows best (or can only grow) in high-pressure environments, such as deep-sea environments.")
cnt(W5760,"A microorganism which grows best in environments with standard atmospheric pressure, but which can also survive and grow in high pressure environments.")
cnt(W5761,"A microorganism which requires an additional organic nutrient to its principle carbon source for growth (cell carbon).")
cnt(W5762,"A microorganism which requires only the principal carbon source for its carbon growth requirement.")
cnt(W5763,"A microorganism whose optimal growth temperature is located in the range of 20 to 40 0C.")
cnt(W5764,"A microorganism whose optimum growth temperature is over 45 ºC. Moderate thermophiles grow in the range of 45 to 60 ºC. Extreme thermophiles grow at temperatures above 65 ºC.")
cnt(W5765,"a microorganism with ability to cause disease.")
cnt(W5766,"A micro-organism with ability to cause disease.")
cnt(W5769,"A microprocessor that is designed to efficiently process data that represents a signal.")
cnt(W5770,"A micro-scale level of eco-agriculture. In this system, farmers can make full use of natural resources, labor forces, techniques, funds and working time for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and side-line processing work.")
cnt(W5772,"A microscope consisting of two focusing systems with the sample under inspection situated at the intersection of the two systems.")
cnt(W5773,"A microscope using electrons rather than light to generate an image. The shorter wavelengths of electrons in comparison to light result in a better resolution and allow much higher magnification. Also offers a much better depth of view. Can come with analytical equipment—Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDX)—that detects chemical elements from carbon up to uranium at levels of typically above a fraction of a percent. Results are, however, often only semi-quantitative, and some elements overlap, resulting in specific problems. Samples need to be vacuum-proof (although some machines are designed to work under atmospheric pressure, called Environmental SEMs) and to be small enough to fit into the sample chamber. Carbon coating can be necessary for non-conductive samples. Works on original surfaces, fractured, and polished surfaces.")
cnt(W5774,"A microscope where the objective lenses are orientated upwards and with a large flat stage to place vessels on so that cells inside may be easily viewed.")
cnt(W5775,"A microscopic plant, characterized by having two lash-like structures (flagella) used for locomotion, often abundant in the open ocean; many produce light and are one of the primary contributors to bioluminescence in the ocean. Some dinoflagellates, known as zooxanthellae, are symbiotic in the tissues of corals and other tropical organisms.")
cnt(W5776,"A microscopic state of a system which can be specified by a set of the positions and momenta of all the constituent particles of the system.")
cnt(W5777,"A microscopic theory explaining superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer.")
cnt(W5778,"A microscopic, single-celled plant of the class Bacillariophyceae which grows in both marine and fresh water.")
cnt(W5779,"a micture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by methanogenic bacteria")
cnt(W5780,"A middleware to enable transparent and location-independent invocation services distributed across multiple and heterogeneous servers.")
cnt(W5781,"A midocean ridge of upwelling magma.")
cnt(W5782,"A migmatite characterized by indistinct enclaves (schlieren or skialiths).")
cnt(W5783,"A migmatite with the appearance of a breccia.")
cnt(W5784,"A mild heat treatment of food to inactivate enzymes causing deleterious changes in foods during frozen storage.")
cnt(W5785,"A milder term for ‘academic capitalism’.")
cnt(W5786,"A mildly caustic mineral liquid used for sealing concrete; also called waterglas.")
cnt(W5787,"A millionth of a millimeter (nm):roughly the size of a typical medium-sized molecule.")
cnt(W5788,"A mine in which minerals or other materials are extracted from beneath the surface by means of shafts, tunnels, or other openings.")
cnt(W5789,"A mineral containing silicon and oxygen.")
cnt(W5790,"A mineral deposit characterized by a great concentration of sulfide ore in one place.")
cnt(W5792,"A mineral deposit or enrichment formed near the surface as a result of surficial weathering.")
cnt(W5793,"A mineral deposit or mineral concentration from which a metal (or a nonmetal compound) can be economically extracted at the present time.")
cnt(W5794,"A mineral deposit that occurs as a specific stratigraphic (or sedimentary) bed.")
cnt(W5795,"A mineral deposit that occurs within a specific stratigraphic bed or horizon, but that does not comprise the entire bed.")
cnt(W5796,"A mineral fiber that can pollute air or water and cause cancer or asbestosis when inhaled. Most of countries have banned or severely restricted its use in manufacturing and construction.")
cnt(W5797,"A mineral filling in a discontinuity.")
cnt(W5799,"A mineral is by definition a naturally occurring homogeneous solid with a definite, but rarely fixed, chemical composition and a highly ordered atomic arrangement.")
cnt(W5800,"a mineral or mineral sequence which has been deposited by evaporation of former seas, saline lakes or springs. Evaporite minerals include halite (sodium chloride), dolomite, gypsum and anhydrite.")
cnt(W5802,"A mineral reserve is that portion of a Mineral Resource which, after the application of all mining factors, results in an estimated tonnage and grade which, in the opinion of the ""competent person"" making the estimates, can be the basis of a viable project after taking account of all relevant metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors.")
cnt(W5803,"A mineral texture with a branching pattern.")
cnt(W5805,"A mineral that contains iron and may form when free iron reacts with silicates. It is the iron-rich end-member of the olivine group; with the chemical formula Fe2SiO4.")
cnt(W5806,"A mineral that exists in more than one form or crystal structure. Diamond and graphite are examples of polymorphs of carbon. ")
cnt(W5808,"A mineral whose first appearance marks the outer limits of a specific zone of metamorphism.")
cnt(W5809,"A mineral working, usually in rock, which manifests some persistence of effort.")
cnt(W5811,"A miniature lamp with a folded fluorescent tube that uses approximately 25% of the energy of a standard incandescent lamp.")
cnt(W5812,"A mining method in which working face is advanced over several tens meters in one time.")
cnt(W5813,"A mining space where extraction of mineral ore is conducted.")
cnt(W5814,"A mining system between two parallel drifts with backfilling by hand-work.")
cnt(W5815,"A ministry which deals with a specific line or sector of the economy (in contrast to an integrated activity). Examples of line ministries are:  Ministry of Agriculture, Transport, Tourism, etc.")
cnt(W5817,"A minor constituent of the atmosphere. The most important trace gases contributing to the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous oxide, ethylene, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, dichlorofluoromethane or Freon 12, trichlorofluoromethane or Freon 11, methyl chloride, carbon monoxide, and carbon tetrachloride.")
cnt(W5818,"a minority area where an autonomous department has been set up. It is led by the central government.")
cnt(W5819,"a minute opening in the epidermis of leaves and stems, bordered by guardians cells, through which gases pass.")
cnt(W5820,"A minute sucking insect in the family Adelgidae (order Homoptera).")
cnt(W5822,"A missile (usually nuclear armed) with intercontinental range, often carrying multiple warheads.")
cnt(W5823,"A mix of water, cement and, sometimes, fine sand in varying proportions.")
cnt(W5825,"A mixed population, in which any individual may be mated with any other individual with a probability that depends only on fitness. Most conventional evolutionary algorithms have panmictic populations")
cnt(W5826,"A mixing heat exchanger in which ""hot"" steam is insufflated into ""cold"" water to bring the liquid to its boiling point, so that all incondensable gases are released. These gases are then captured by proper ""gas traps,"" and the deaerated water is pumped to the boiler. (See article AI in Component Design.)")
cnt(W5827,"A mixing of effects between the exposure, the disease, and a third factor that is associated with the exposure and independently affects the risk of developing the disease.")
cnt(W5828,"A mixture containing equal quantities of enantiomers.")
cnt(W5829,"A mixture of angular blocks and fine particles transported with water, forming the body of a moving mudflow.")
cnt(W5830,"A mixture of approximately half solid and half liquid hydrogen at temperature below 13.96 K and at pressure above 7.2 kPa.")
cnt(W5831,"A mixture of asbestos fibers, cement, and water formed under pressure.")
cnt(W5832,"A mixture of cement, aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed rock, slags, and so on) and water.")
cnt(W5833,"A mixture of cement, sand, and water blown by high-pressure air onto a surface to produce a thin (typically 25 to 75 mm) lining that is strong, hard, and durable.")
cnt(W5835,"A mixture of chlorinated derivatives of biphenyl. PCBs were used in transformers and capacitors for insulating purposes and in gas pipeline systems as a lubricant. Further sale for new use was banned by law in various countries.")
cnt(W5837,"A mixture of decomposing organic material normally used for fertilizing and conditioning soils. Composts are also used for other purposes such as erosion control, land reclamation and wetland construction.")
cnt(W5838,"A mixture of equal amounts of the two chiral (enantiomeric) forms of a substrate.")
cnt(W5840,"A mixture of granulated fertilizers")
cnt(W5842,"A mixture of ground blast furnace slag and Portland cement used for making concrete")
cnt(W5843,"A mixture of macromolecules often complexed with clay, which results from the decomposition of organic matter in soils.")
cnt(W5844,"A mixture of microbial species that can degrade a chemical further than can a single species.")
cnt(W5845,"a mixture of one or more polymers with particulate or fibrous material in which the polymer, or polymers, forms a matrix and the particulate or fibrous material acts as a reinforcing phase.")
cnt(W5846,"A mixture of organic substances remaining soluble after a soil extract (using dilute alkali) has been acidified.")
cnt(W5847,"A mixture of particles suspended uniformly in liquid.")
cnt(W5848,"A mixture of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, with small amounts of iso-butane. It is recovered as a liquid, principally for use as a motor fuel component.")
cnt(W5849,"A mixture of plaster of paris (gypsum) and diatomaceous earth.")
cnt(W5853,"A mixture of two solvents used in isolation techniques, such as recrystallization.")
cnt(W5855,"A MM where all monomeric units are stereochemically identical")
cnt(W5856,"A MM where all monomeric units have alternate absolute chirality")
cnt(W5857,"A MM where enantiomeric units are disposed randomly along the chain")
cnt(W5858,"A mnemonically-based technique ,inspired on Alliteration- focused on the threefold repetition of an initial sound/letter in memorable messages.")
cnt(W5859,"A mobile conduction electron or mobile hole in semiconductor.")
cnt(W5860,"A mobile downthrow of the crust of the Earth, either elongate or basin-like, measured in scores of kilometers, in which sedimentary and volcanic rocks are accumulated to thickness of thousands of meters.")
cnt(W5861,"a modal operator ? , where ? A is defined as ~? ~A")
cnt(W5862,"a modality of chemoreception.")
cnt(W5864,"A mode of cell death involving degenerative process with a rupture of the plasma membrane, which can affect contiguous cells leading to massive damage. This death process is associated with resultant inflammatory reactions.")
cnt(W5866,"a mode of climate variability operating on annual-interannual timescales. The two extremes, El Nino (warm event) and La Nina (cool event) deliver marked climate impacts around the globe.")
cnt(W5867,"A mode of description of an entity as a system with the use of three complementary systems models:a systems-environment, a functions/structure model, and a process/behavioral model.")
cnt(W5868,"A mode of energy metabolism in the absence of oxygen, whereby electrons flow from the oxidation an organic compound to an organic acceptor molecule, e.g. ethanol formation.")
cnt(W5869,"A mode of energy metabolism in the absence of oxygen, whereby electrons flow from the oxidation of an organic compound to an inorganic acceptor molecule, e.g. reduction of nitrate or sulfate.")
cnt(W5870,"A mode of energy metabolism in the presence of oxygen, whereby electrons flow from the oxidation of an organic or inorganic compound to oxygen as the acceptor molecule with the formation of water.")
cnt(W5873,"A mode of thinking in a cohesive in-group when its members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action.")
cnt(W5874,"A mode of vegetative reproduction that involves dividing the existing organism, in this case a single cell, along its axis to yield two new daughter cells.")
cnt(W5875,"A model and method for teaching and persuading individuals and organizations to incorporate environmental sustainability practices in their daily lives and operations.")
cnt(W5876,"A model assuming that the factors affecting survival have an additive effect on the log hazard function.")
cnt(W5877,"A model based on statistic theory.")
cnt(W5878,"A model based on the presentation of failures as Poisson’s stream of events.")
cnt(W5879,"A model based on the presentation of the system’s evolution as a random process.")
cnt(W5881,"A model considering all the relevant factors as random variables.")
cnt(W5882,"A model for representing a game which includes a complete account of the decisions to be made by the players, the order in which they occur, the information available to the players at each stage, the distributions of the chance events, and the payoffs to the players for any possible play.")
cnt(W5884,"A model for the atmospheric flow in which the vertical distribution of air density depends on the pressure and temperature distributions, and the surfaces of constant pressure and density are not parallel to each other.")
cnt(W5886,"A model formula is a shorthand for describing a model that will be the basis for an an analysis. Separate formulae may be required for the fixed and for the random part of the model. In trellis graphics, similar formulae are used to describe graphs.")
cnt(W5887,"A model in classical statistical mechanics consisting fluctuation variables located on a lattice which take two values ±1.")
cnt(W5888,"A model in two-dimensional quantum field theory with massive particle corresponding to classical equation called the sine-Gordon equation")
cnt(W5889,"A model in which causal forces in a dynamic system are represented by equations and parameters so that the dynamics of that system can be simulated.")
cnt(W5890,"A model in which causal processes are represented only as a diagram and there is no simulation.")
cnt(W5891,"A model in which members of a host population are assigned to compartments on the basis of their infection status or other attribute, and the changes in the size of compartments are described as a dynamic system.")
cnt(W5894,"A model is over-parameterized if the information content of the input data sets and other initial knowledge is insufficient to identify all of the model parameters.")
cnt(W5896,"A model of a confrontation in which each player has a set of cards and the future is determined by which cards are played. card In a card table, a yes-no policy alternative that a particular player can choose whether or not to implement.")
cnt(W5897,"A model of a domain that contains uncertainty, represented as a ""directed acyclic graph"" that captures believed relations between a set of variables that are relevant to some problem; also known as a Bayesian network or probabilistic causal network.")
cnt(W5898,"A model of a managed system, represented as a diagram of management actions linked by arrows to ecological features or functions and then to resulting resource values.")
cnt(W5899,"A model of an economy constructed according to the assumptions of neo-classical theory, most critically economic man and perfect competition.")
cnt(W5901,"A model of atomic structure proposed by N. Bohr, which takes into account the quantum nature of electrons orbiting about the nucleus.")
cnt(W5902,"A model of communication in which all participants in the communication process have an equal amount of power. Interactive communication models have equal amounts of communication and feedback between communicators who are active senders and receivers of information, in addition to being active creators of meaning.")
cnt(W5903,"A model of global tectonics that suggests that the outer layer of Earth, known as the lithosphere, is composed of several large plates, that move relative one another. Continents and ocean basins are passive riders on these plates.")
cnt(W5905,"A model of international relations in agriculture, Holland")
cnt(W5906,"A model of long-term economic development.")
cnt(W5907,"A model of Peano Arithmetic which is not isomorphic with the standard model on the natural numbers.")
cnt(W5908,"A model of quantum spin chain with the quadratic hamiltonian in Pauli matrices")
cnt(W5909,"A model of set theory obtained by adding to an initial model M (usually called the ground model) an M-generic filter, and then closing under certain elementary operations.")
cnt(W5910,"A model of the atmosphere that has a limited vertical extent, but includes the whole globe in its horizontal domain.")
cnt(W5912,"A model of the atmospheric flow in which the vertical distribution of air density depends on the pressure and temperature distributions, and the surfaces of constant pressure and density are not parallel to each other.")
cnt(W5913,"A model of the features that are significant to the surface of Earth.")
cnt(W5914,"A model of the figure of the earth that coincides with the equipotential surface that passes through the mean sea level.")
cnt(W5915,"A model of the nucleus where the interaction in a many nucleon system is approximated by a mean field and residual interactions.")
cnt(W5916,"A model of the organization of growth based on grammatical rules governing the generation of cells, limbs or other units. They are named after Aristid Lindenmayer.")
cnt(W5917,"A model of the progression of a system from its earliest conceptualization; through its realization as system requirements, design documentation, and physical artifact; continuing throughout its deployment, operation, and termination; and including its transition to a replacement system.")
cnt(W5918,"A model of the spatial organization or zoning of human activities showing a gradual decrease of intensity from a core towards the periphery.")
cnt(W5919,"A model of the vorticity-conserving atmospheric flow in which the vertical distribution of air density depends on pressure only, and surfaces of constant density and constant pressure are parallel to each other.")
cnt(W5920,"A model of vorticity-conserving atmospheric flow in which the vertical distribution of air density depends on pressure only, and surfaces of constant density and constant pressure are parallel to each other.")
cnt(W5921,"A model often considered suitable for prediction for binary (dichotomous) data; it is linear in the logit (logarithm of the odds) as a function of the explanatory variables.")
cnt(W5922,"A model often considered suitable for prediction from data of contingency table form; it is linear in the logarithms of the theoretical frequencies of the contingency table.")
cnt(W5923,"A model rock proposed for the material of the upper mantle, composed of one part of basalt and three parts of dunite, and consisting mainly of olivine and pyroxene.")
cnt(W5924,"A model that attempts to formalise the knowledge of a domain expert, either a land user or, more typically, a specialist in a particular land use.")
cnt(W5925,"A model that attempts to represent the physical causes of responses to conditions. Compare empirical model.")
cnt(W5926,"A model that can describe the viscosity, or the apparent viscosity, as a function of temperature and shear rate.")
cnt(W5927,"A model that considers time-dependent variables as well as time-independent ones")
cnt(W5928,"A model that corresponds to the changing environment with time.")
cnt(W5929,"A model that describes and simulates how a defined ecosystem changes over time.")
cnt(W5930,"A model that does not depend on a time series of input data. Compare dynamic model.")
cnt(W5931,"A model that excludes parts of the economic system that are believed not to be highly relevant to the problem being examined (these variables are assumed to be fixed).")
cnt(W5932,"A model that gives sequential guidance on monitoring system design.")
cnt(W5934,"A model that makes allowance for the space variability of hydrological parameters.")
cnt(W5935,"A model that operates from its initial year for a selected period without user intervention.")
cnt(W5936,"A model that relates predictions to data based on previous experience, with no attempt to model the physical causes. Compare mechanistic model.")
cnt(W5938,"A model that requires recalibration through user-intervention at the end of each cycle. By its nature, a recalibrated model cannot be validated for more than a single cycle. A model which is ""corrected"" quarterly cannot be considered a long-term model. These models can be accurate over their normal cycle-length but may diverge without limit from reasonable trajectories if operated as free-running models.")
cnt(W5939,"A model that takes into account variables that do not satisfy the proportional hazards assumption as well as variables that do satisfy the proportional hazards assumption")
cnt(W5940,"A model to understand how the human mind undergoes normal maturation and developmental change. This model emphasizes that the human mind is a biological system, with the brain and mind as parts of the system. The mind constantly receives biological, social, and psychological stimuli and integrates these stimuli to generate mental and behavioral responses.")
cnt(W5941,"A model treating a failure as a result of the graduate deterioration of system’s mechanical properties.")
cnt(W5942,"A model where health care providers pursue their own financial interests by persuading consumers that additional units of medical services are medically necessary.")
cnt(W5943,"A model where no changes in foreign trade occur in response to changes in the domestic economy.")
cnt(W5944,"A model where one individual, the principal, grants decision-making responsibility to another, the agent. The agent is supposed to act in the principal’s interest but the financial interests of the agent are also at stake. The arrangement may lead to opportunistic behavior.")
cnt(W5945,"A model where time is explicitly included in the model formulation. The model predicts system state over time, and is driven by a time series of input data, usually weather. Compare static model.")
cnt(W5946,"A model whereby the genetic value of an individual is due to infinitely many genes, each with an infinitely small effect.")
cnt(W5947,"A model which is defined mathematically. Sometimes the terminology model is used to mean a method consisting of model calibration and analysis. Descriptions of a range of specific formal conflict models are given in Sections 2.2 and 4.")
cnt(W5948,"a model whose worlds are maximally consistent sets of formulas")
cnt(W5949,"A model with a small number of parameters representing the hydrological properties of the entire basin.")
cnt(W5950,"a modeling relation, in natural sciences, aims at establishing a mechanism of mapping changes in relevant qualities of a ""natural system"" into a set of variables to which one can assign numerical values through a process of measurement. Two steps are crucial for the quality of a model: encoding and decoding. The encoding step refers to a process in which proxy variables for a given subset of observable qualities of the natural system are defined together with a measurement scheme. This is required in order to be able to select a consistent formal inferential system with axioms, production rules and algorithms. The decoding step refers to a process in which experiments are made to see whether or not predictions, obtained using the formal inferential system, correspond to values of observables and their relationship associated with the natural system.")
cnt(W5951,"A modeling technique for expressing one physical quantity in terms of another (or several others).")
cnt(W5953,"A modification of the activated sludge process for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal. It involves an anaerobic tank (without dissolved or combinative oxygen), an anoxic tank (without dissolved but with combinative oxygen, e.g. NO3-, NO2), an aeration tank and a sedimentation tank. In the anaerobic tank, phosphorus accumulating bacteria proliferate. In the anoxic tank, denitrification by facultative anaerobic bacteria proceeds. In the aeration tank, nitrification by nitrifying bacteria and phosphate absorption by phosphorus accumulating bacteria proceed. Some of the activated sludge forming in the aeration tank is returned to the anoxic tank for denitrification.")
cnt(W5954,"A modification of the mathematical description.")
cnt(W5955,"A modified form of batch process in which a solution of nutrients is added at specific times to optimize the production of a particular metabolite.")
cnt(W5956,"a modified nucleotide that lacks the 3 hydroxyl group and so terminates strand synthesis when incorporated into a polynucleotide.")
cnt(W5957,"A modifier which describes a condition in which the potentiometric surface is above the top of the aquifer.")
cnt(W5958,"A modulation method for converters, inverters, and motors. The switching function is based on its vector argument. Eight switching functions can be used.")
cnt(W5959,"A module in the processor, like an ALU, that actually executes the computation required by an instruction.")
cnt(W5961,"A mole of photons. Widely used, although it is not an SI unit. Einstein sometimes is defined as the energy of one mole of photons.")
cnt(W5962,"a molecular tool, often using genetically modified cells, to transform the presence of a chemical into an easily measurable signal, such as luminescence.")
cnt(W5963,"A molecule (usually a polymer) that has a molecular weight of greater than about 1,000 Daltons. Many, though not all, biologically active molecules are macromolecules.")
cnt(W5964,"A molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, in the ratio CH2O.")
cnt(W5965,"A molecule consisting of both polar and a nonpolar parts.")
cnt(W5966,"A molecule is formed from two of more atoms, but unlike a solid, it does not exhibit translational symmetry in three dimensions.")
cnt(W5967,"a molecule like tridimite     one of the variety of polymorphous forms of crystalline silica.")
cnt(W5968,"A molecule not superposable on its mirror image. Chirality is the property of a chiral molecule")
cnt(W5970,"a molecule presenting a positive and a negative charge.")
cnt(W5971,"a molecule state at an incongruity of the center of gravity of positive and negative charges.")
cnt(W5973,"a molecule that absorbs light energy and transfers it to chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis.")
cnt(W5974,"A molecule that consists of a protein conjugated to a carbohydrate.")
cnt(W5975,"A molecule which can undergo a polymerisation reaction")
cnt(W5979,"a monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation")
cnt(W5980,"A monetary system in which currency backed by gold circulates as the money stock, and in which gold movement occurs between countries.")
cnt(W5985,"A monopoly is a market in which there is only one seller. The monopolist is able to set the market price of the good. Market power is the degree to which any given firm can control output price in a given market. In a true monopoly, the monopolist has an infinite degree of market power.")
cnt(W5986,"A monosaccharide in which the hemiacetal has been converted into an acetal.")
cnt(W5987,"A monotheistic religion characterized by the acceptance of the doctrine of submission to God and Mohammed as the chief and last prophet of God.")
cnt(W5988,"A mooring facility for a ship in an offshore area of deep water, usually built with steel pipe frameworks and piles.")
cnt(W5989,"A moral framework for assessing whether a war is fought for a just reason (ius ad bellum) and in a just manner (ius in bello).")
cnt(W5990,"a moral position on environmental regulation that views humans as one species among many whose needs must be taken into account when devising solutions to environmental problems.")
cnt(W5991,"a moral position on environmental regulation that views humans as the key species whose needs must be taken into account when devising solutions to environmental problems, on the assumption that preserving humans will insure that they will be available to protect other species as well.")
cnt(W5992,"A more complicated functional linkage of organisms in a water body, when clear chain-like relations can not be distinguished.")
cnt(W5993,"A more or less organized system of values, stereotypes and archetypes, myths and legends, also folklore, music, dance, believes, and dialects, in a determined social group.")
cnt(W5994,"A more or less stable and enduring organization of individual differences (traits) in behavior that are considered a product of the interaction of environmental and biophysiological influences.")
cnt(W5995,"A more or less unpredictable event that removes organisms from a community.")
cnt(W5996,"A more preferred state to which a given decision maker can move on her own by unilaterally changing her strategy.")
cnt(W5997,"A more than 8000 km long mountain range situated on the western continental margin of South America; formed due to eastward subduction of Pacific oceanic plates beneath the South American Plate; Type locality for Andean-type subduction and the Andean orogen.")
cnt(W5998,"A more traditional meaning is as a measure of resistance to disturbance and the speed of return to the equilibrium state of an ecosystem.")
cnt(W5999,"a morpheme that cannot be used alone, but only as an affix in combination with another morpheme.")
cnt(W6000,"A morphoclimatic zone or area with permafrost. Also used for fossil features of the former, more extensive, zone during the Ice Age.")
cnt(W6001,"A mortal ""gamble"" with a revolver containing only one charge, inserted at random.")
cnt(W6002,"A mosquito-borne viral disease that is usually non-fatal, although a variant Dengue haemorrhagic fever that is more lethal appears to be on the increase. Ecosystem disruptions that change the geographic range of the mosquito vector are important in the spread of disease to previously non-exposed populations.")
cnt(W6003,"A motivational construct that refers to a general tendency some people have to want to disclose personal information about themselves to trusted others and who expect their partners to do the same in return.")
cnt(W6004,"A motivational construct that refers to a general tendency some people have to want to influence and/or control the behaviors of others.")
cnt(W6005,"A motivational construct that refers to a person's general tendency to want to avoid situations in which there is the possibility of failing a task.")
cnt(W6006,"A motivational construct that refers to a person's general tendency to want to perform well in a variety of activities, even after initial setbacks to the performance.")
cnt(W6007,"A motivational construct that refers to brief, short-term goals that can influence a person's behavior. These goals can change quickly as a function of changes in thought, mood, or salient attitudes.")
cnt(W6008,"A motivational construct that refers to goals that can preoccupy a person's attention for relatively long periods of time. These goals often serve as a central aspect of a person's self-concept during unique life periods (e.g. identifying oneself as a student while attending college to get a degree).")
cnt(W6009,"A motivational construct that refers to intermediate-length goals that can influence a person's behavior. Tasks associated with these goals can last from several minutes to a number of months.")
cnt(W6010,"A motivational construct that refers to long-term goals that can influence a person's behavior in multiple ways and in a variety of settings. These goals can last from several years to virtually a person's entire lifetime.")
cnt(W6011,"A motivational construct that refers to the general tendency some people have to want frequent and extended interactions with other people.")
cnt(W6012,"A motivational state that arises as a result of the unique interactions that can take place between situational and internal factors.")
cnt(W6013,"A mound site formed as a result of long-time human occupation.")
cnt(W6014,"a mound, ridge or other distinct accumulation of unsorted, unstratified glacial drift, predominantly till, mainly deposited by direct action of glacier ice, in a variety of landforms, that are independent of control by the surface on which the drift lies.")
cnt(W6015,"A mound-shaped breakwater composed of rubble stones, usually protected with armor units on the seaward slope")
cnt(W6016,"A mountain valley deepened and widened by a moving glacier.")
cnt(W6017,"a mouthpart of crustaceans derived from modification of the anterior trunk limbs")
cnt(W6018,"A movable fold of tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth which has important linguistic functions. Sounds produced at the velum are described as velar, whereas the airstream mechanism involving velar suction is referred to as velaric.")
cnt(W6020,"A move mechanism used in genetic algorithms.")
cnt(W6021,"a movement against the diku or outsiders - exploiters, by the ethnically and culturally heterogeneous units, tribal and non-tribal, of the region districts of Chotanagpur and Santal parganas, which are spread over the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, India. The concept ""Jharkhand"" referring to the forest area, helped in surpassing the differences among social units, and gave scope to the tribals and non-tribals to join hands together. They asserted that the Jharkhand question is not a development question or a demand of all the Santals and Adviasis alone, it is rather ""a nationality question"" in essence, a genuine demand of all the people residing in Jharkhand area.")
cnt(W6022,"A movement combating the inequitable incidence of environmental hazards and poor environmental quality faced by people of colour.")
cnt(W6023,"A movement in archaeological theory and practice beginning in the 1970s as a reaction against the New Archaeology and which emphasizes human agency and the contextual and political nature of archaeological research.")
cnt(W6025,"A movement in modern sciences (mostly applied sciences) that reverts to systemic thinking and the formal apparatus provided by system theory and cybernetics, to describe and explain phenomena in different domains. The systems movement has brought forth systems approaches of different kinds, which have been applied in many fields. Often, the terms ""systems approach"" and ""systems movement"" are used as synonyms.")
cnt(W6026,"A movement in the Arab World of violent resistance to the military power of the state, especially to the military use of power by the State of Israel.")
cnt(W6027,"A movement in the interwar years which believed open diplomacy, multilateral relations, and international organization could replace the balance of power as a more peaceful international system.")
cnt(W6028,"A movement that strives to relocate individuals with disabilities from segregated institutional environments to supportive and inclusive community settings.")
cnt(W6029,"A movement to lower strata inside soils induced by gravity.")
cnt(W6030,"A moving arm having a sprocket at its outer end over which a chain passes.")
cnt(W6033,"A mud, or suspension of water with any fine insoluble material resulting from the deposit of a sediment-loaded waste water coming from an industrial plant or sewage deposit")
cnt(W6035,"a mudflow carrying a water-snow mixture together with rock fragments")
cnt(W6037,"a mudflow carrying fragments of ice, snow and blocks of rock.")
cnt(W6039,"A mudflow of great destructive power flowing down mountain rivers and caused by the active melting of snow and ice, outbursts of temporary glacier-dammed lakes or by the instability of morainic deposits.")
cnt(W6041,"a mudflow with coarse-grained material and water.")
cnt(W6043,"A multi-cellular animal.")
cnt(W6044,"A multicellular phase from the eggs to the carpospores liberation in Rhodibiontes.")
cnt(W6046,"A multichannel television programming service delivered via microwave, otherwise known as MMDS.")
cnt(W6047,"A multidimensional function of spatial positions of a system of particles.")
cnt(W6048,"A multidimensional landscape of the human-dominated ecosystem, combining geographical patterns, biological processes, anthropological dynamics, and all other ecological contexts in time, space, structure, and function.")
cnt(W6049,"A multi-dimensional surface representing the variations of the electronic potential energy as a function of coordinates of all nuclei of which a molecule is formed.")
cnt(W6050,"A multidisciplinary science that has developed in response to the crisis confronting biological diversity today. Conservation biology has three goals: first, to investigate and describe the diversity of the living world; second, to understand the effects of human activities on species, communities, and ecosystems; and third, to develop practical interdisciplinary approaches to protect and restore biological diversity.")
cnt(W6051,"A multidisciplinary technology that uses microorganisms and gene structures for practical applications through manipulation of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA).")
cnt(W6053,"A multifaceted construct that pertains to the cognitive, emotional, and motivational structures that develop during an infant's early interaction experiences with a primary caregiver.")
cnt(W6054,"A multifactor design in which every level of an independent variable is combined with every other level of the other independent variables.")
cnt(W6055,"A multi-focal myocarditis associated with severe endemic selenium deficiency")
cnt(W6056,"A multi-functional natural complex composed of herbaceous and woody forage plants together with the soil supporting them.")
cnt(W6057,"a multi-hyphal structure bearing conidia (acervulus, pycnidium, sporodochium, synnema).")
cnt(W6058,"A multi-lateral agreement committing contracting parties to common discipline in their domestic and trade policies.")
cnt(W6059,"a multilateral intergovernmental organization that coordinates terms, conditions, and technical standards of telecommunication connections between countries, the use of radio-magnetic spectrum , and positions for earth orbital satellites.")
cnt(W6060,"a multimodal logic containing modal operators for each program from such programming language")
cnt(W6061,"A multiple-input-multiple-output system.")
cnt(W6062,"A multiplier process that generates concentration (of companies, population, services, etc.) in a specific point of economic space (the growing point).")
cnt(W6063,"A multisectoral global model named for four institutions:ERINA, IUJ, University of Tsukuba, and FAIS.")
cnt(W6064,"A multi-stage discovery process leading to the automated detection of regularities in data, yielding an awareness of information that has been perceived, discovered, or inferred, which will be useful in decision making in new situations.")
cnt(W6065,"A multi-variate trait analysis approach that allows the breeder to select on more than one trait yet optimally select genotypes based on known or expected economic values of individual traits.")
cnt(W6066,"a municipal provident fund used to provide mortgages at rates lower than commercial rates to home buyers who have contributed to the fund together with their employers.")
cnt(W6067,"A mushroom nutriceutical is a refined/partially defined extract from either the mycelium or the fruiting body of a mushroom, which is consumed in the form of capsules or tablets as a dietary supplement (not in the form of a food) and which has potential therapeutic application.")
cnt(W6068,"A mushroom nutriceutical is a refined/partially defined extract from either the mycelium or the fruiting body of the mushroom, which is consumed in the form of capsules or tablets as a dietary supplement (not a food) and which has potential therapeutic applications.")
cnt(W6070,"A mutation that affects expression of several characteristics. Used also of a gene that has more than one, apparently independent, phenotypic effect.")
cnt(W6071,"A mutual agreement between a landowner and a tenant farmer, whereby the crop exclusively produced by the latter, is shared between both, generally on a 50/50 or a 33/66 basis.")
cnt(W6073,"A mycotoxin, toxic metabolite of mold Aspergillus flavus.")
cnt(W6074,"A name for the rotating element in the turbine, similar to the impeller in a pump.")
cnt(W6075,"A name generally given to a class of super-toxic chemicals, the chlorinated dioxins and furans, formed as a by-product of the manufacture, molding, or burning of organic chemicals and plastics that contain chlorine.")
cnt(W6076,"A name given to a southwest Atlantic Ocean extra-tropical storm.")
cnt(W6077,"A name given to the ambiguous viewpoint me-as-center/me-as-periphery or me/you. Like the name ""me,"" the name ""you"" is used as an expediency. Animals, fish, and birds would know ""you.""")
cnt(W6078,"A name given to the viewpoint that is inherent in any organism capable of giving attention and perception. It is upstream of language and so therefore the name is an expediency, whereas the name ""I"" is intrinsic to consciousness.")
cnt(W6079,"A name of crystal structure type; a typical compound of this type is CsCl belonging to a space group of Pm3m.")
cnt(W6080,"A name referring to large-scale deformation features of the crust.")
cnt(W6081,"A name where genus and species are identical (e.g. Crex crex, the corncrake). Such names are permitted by the ICZN, but not the ICBN.")
cnt(W6082,"A nanostructure, usually in the shape of a wire, with one conducting direction and two confining directions.")
cnt(W6083,"a narrative refers to two non-analytical choices to be made by a story teller about a relevant reality. These choices are required before being able to make any formal representation of a system. They refer to: (i) the pre-analytical choice of an identity for the observed system - what the system ""is"" and ""does"" in the representation; which translated in a selection of a finite set of relevant attributes and the relative proxy variables, and (ii) the pre-analytical choice of a hypothesized causal relation among events, which is supposed to exist within the observation space selected to observe the natural system.")
cnt(W6084,"a narrow (several degrees of latitude) stretched area near the equator with westerlies between the trade winds of the Northern and Southern hemispheres or between a trade wind and alternating winds of the monsoon origin.")
cnt(W6085,"A narrow channel or flume with symmetrical, first contracting and then diverging, sides and a level floor.")
cnt(W6087,"A narrow sea separating Gondwana from Laurasia.")
cnt(W6088,"A narrow strip of land along streams and rivers.")
cnt(W6089,"A narrow undercurrent in the ocean, flowing from west to east beneath or sometimes embedded in the westward-flowing Equatorial currents.")
cnt(W6090,"A narrow waterway at the coast that channels the incoming (flood) or outgoing (ebb) tide.")
cnt(W6092,"A narrow, but long zone in an orogenic belt marked by the presence of units usually containing dismembered ophiolites, which separates continental blocks with differing tectonostratigraphic histories.")
cnt(W6094,"A Nash equilibrium of a game in extensive form that remains a Nash equilibrium when restricted to any subgame.")
cnt(W6095,"A nation state that is completely urbanized, i.e. the city and the nation are coterminous, e.g. Singapore.")
cnt(W6096,"A nation’s information and communication networks, including television and radio broadcast industries, cable television, telephone and telecommunications networks, cellular communication systems, computer networks, and the Internet. The term was coined by United States Vice President Al Gore.")
cnt(W6098,"A national and international movement which endorses equal economic, political, and social equality for women and opposes discrimination in these areas.")
cnt(W6099,"A national state which drives economic planning and development")
cnt(W6100,"A nationally based business organization with subsidiary companies in one or more other countries.")
cnt(W6102,"A natural alloy of gold and silver containing more than 20% Ag.")
cnt(W6103,"A natural clay- and silt-laden sink associated with karstic limestone settings of northern Central America.")
cnt(W6104,"A natural compound hindering protein digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin occurring in legume grains.")
cnt(W6106,"a natural disaster, such as land subsidence, land fissure, collapse, landslide and debris flow, caused by geological forces.")
cnt(W6108,"A natural hot spring that occasionally ejects a fountain of hot water and steam.")
cnt(W6109,"A natural landscape in harmony with economic agricultural production, and infrastructure that was designed to blend with the landscape and be ecologically benign.")
cnt(W6111,"A natural need expressed in the process by which a person becomes an individual from a psychological point of view (thus different from collective psychology). The individuation aim is the development of the personality through a process of differentiation and separation.")
cnt(W6113,"a natural or constructed system in a river basin, permanently or periodically flooded, capable of enhancing water self-purification by nutrient (mainly phosphorous and nitrogen) trapping.")
cnt(W6114,"A natural or constructed water reservoir which provides pumped storage plant with water")
cnt(W6115,"a natural phenomenon that can lead to the population, the environment, material assets, and income being threatened.")
cnt(W6116,"A natural phenomenon that causes the surface of the earth to be warmer than it would be if there was no atmosphere.  The atmosphere exercises both a cooling effect by reflection of sunlight from clouds and a warming effect by absorbing the earth’s heat (infra-red radiation)  and sending some of it back to the surface.")
cnt(W6117,"A natural property of volcanic soils to change their net surface charge with changes in pH (also known as amphoteric).")
cnt(W6118,"A natural resource of which only a finite amount exists. This resource takes so long to regenerate that it can be considered as being available just once as supplied by nature.")
cnt(W6119,"A natural resource whose stock is replenished as a result of a natural regeneration process. The adjustment speed is relatively rapid, so that they are self-renewing within a time-scale that is of importance from the point of view of decision-making.")
cnt(W6120,"A natural spring (usually an artesian flow) occurring in the desert.")
cnt(W6121,"A natural stream of water of considerable volume.")
cnt(W6122,"A natural subsurface horizon with a higher bulk density than the soil above, hard when dry and moderately to weakly brittle when moist, poor in organic matter, mottled with restricted water permeability; it impedes root growth.")
cnt(W6125,"A natural tendency of the psyche depending on the autonomy of the complexes and on their energy content, and strictly linked to the ability of the ego complex to integrate unconscious contents.")
cnt(W6126,"a natural water body filling a depression to the limits of the ""lake-cup"" and without direct communication with the ocean.")
cnt(W6133,"A naturally occurring brown to black paraffin wax, which is soluble in chloroform and has a variable melting point.")
cnt(W6144,"A naturally radioactive, but nonfissile isotope of uranium that constitutes 99.3% of all naturally occurring uranium.")
cnt(W6147,"A nature of second-order time-temperature-moisture dependent transition, which is generally characterized by a discontinuity in physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and other properties of a material.")
cnt(W6150,"a nautical mile of 6080 feet (1853.2 meters).")
cnt(W6151,"A near-horizontal layer of intruding magma. The thickness of the intrusion is small compared with its length and width.")
cnt(W6152,"A nearly horizontal deposit of beach sediments generally landward of the seawardmost dune line produced by high waves that overtop the beach and dissipate inland, carrying littoral sediment.")
cnt(W6154,"A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetylgroup of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetylgroup combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations completing a full cycle back to oxaloacetate.")
cnt(W6155,"A nearly vertical circular well in a glacier tongue, several meters in diameter scoured out by swirling melt water as it pours down from the surface.")
cnt(W6156,"A negated formula of propositional logic is provable in classical logic if and only if it is intuitionistically provable.")
cnt(W6157,"A negative feedback process aimed at keeping the system at a state of equilibrium.")
cnt(W6158,"A negative ion attracted by the anode.")
cnt(W6164,"A negatively charged ion held on or near the surface of a solid particle by a positive surface charge and which can be easily replaced by other negatively charged ions.")
cnt(W6166,"a negotiable certificate issued by a bank that represents a deposit made at a bank, which will be paid at a specified future date. The difference between the amount deposited and the repayment amount represent the time period of the deposit and the relevant market interest rate.")
cnt(W6167,"a negotiated settlement of a dispute in a cooperative and friendly manner")
cnt(W6170,"A neologism based on the Indonesian words for village, ""desa"" and town, ""kota"" was proposed by Terrence McGee in 1991 to describe the newly emerging interlocking metropolitan regions of Asia. It is used interchangeably with Extended Metropolitan Regions, which has since become the more widely used term.")
cnt(W6171,"A Neoproterozoic basin in western North America that was deposited between 1500 to 900 Ma.")
cnt(W6172,"a nerve cell (neuron) directly engaged in detecting smells.")
cnt(W6173,"a nerve cell acting as a primary receptor; a cell that responds to stimulation by inducing activity in an adjacent nerve cell is called a secondary receptor.")
cnt(W6175,"A net of populations (or demes) that are in contact, so that occasional gene flow is possible among them.")
cnt(W6176,"A net that can be dropped by two boats to encircle a school of fish, then pulled together at the bottom and raised, thereby catching the fish.")
cnt(W6177,"A network for interaction between businesses.")
cnt(W6178,"A network in which the parameters of resistance, inductance, and capacitance are constant with respect to voltage or current or the rate of change of voltage or current and in which the voltage or current of sources is either independent of or proportional to other voltages or currents, or their derivatives.")
cnt(W6179,"A network in which the vertices have two possible states 0 and 1 (or OFF and ON), and the edges denote neighbors that influence one another.")
cnt(W6180,"A network of cities linked at the international level in a hierarchical manner based on economic or socio-political functions.")
cnt(W6182,"a network of connected computers in a relatively small physical area.")
cnt(W6183,"A network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers.")
cnt(W6184,"A network of ice-filled valleys with ice caps on the watersheds alternating with ice-free summits and crests.")
cnt(W6185,"a network of independent companies, suppliers, customers, or even rivals linked by information and communications technology to share skills, costs, and access to one another’s markets.")
cnt(W6186,"A network of interdependent firms, knowledge-producing institutions, bridging institutions, and customers, linked in a production chain, which creates added value.")
cnt(W6187,"a network of interrelated discoveries and technical applications that define the technological direction ""proia"" in a specific historical context.")
cnt(W6190,"A network of professionals with recognized expertise and competence in a particular domain and an authoritative claim to policy-relevant knowledge within that domain or issue-area.")
cnt(W6191,"A network of relationships through which government generates ""outputs"" (policies) in response to ""inputs"" (demands or support) from the general public.")
cnt(W6193,"A network of uniformly spaced horizontal and vertical lines that enclose an area (a cell) with an associated value for image characteristics or attributes assigned. The cell is also termed as a raster or pixel.")
cnt(W6194,"A network providing many channels that can accommodate several local area networks, plus other signals, such as voice and video.")
cnt(W6195,"A network that uses the entire bandwidth of the cable for a single carrier-modulated signal.")
cnt(W6196,"A network where all airports are directly connected to each other. Like the hub-and-spoke network, this is an ""extreme"" network type.")
cnt(W6197,"A network where only one airport is directly connected to all other airports. Travelling between two airports that are not hubs requires a transfer at the hub. This is an ""extreme"" network type. In practice, multiple hubs or direct travel between certain nonhub airports is possible.")
cnt(W6198,"A neurologic disorder usually characterized by peripheral and circumporal paresthesia, ataxia, dysarthria, and loss of mental disabilities or death; it is caused by methylmercury poisoning.")
cnt(W6199,"A neurological  speech disorder manifested as partial or total loss of the ability to speak or write.")
cnt(W6200,"A neurological condition caused by damage to specific areas of the brain, with characteristically disordered speech among the possible manifestations.")
cnt(W6201,"A neutral non-technical term for land evaluation.")
cnt(W6202,"a neutral species whose structure can be represented as a 1,2 dipole with a negative charge usually on a carbon atom and a positive charge on the adjacent heteroatom.")
cnt(W6203,"A neutral term for a flat erosional surface of extending several kilometers; peneplain is a planation surface as the final stage of an erosion cycle; pediment is a planation surface evolved by parallel slope retreat; etchplain is a planation surface where intensive weathering precedes wash processes; Rumpffläche is the German term for a planation surface that cuts rocks of varying resistance.")
cnt(W6204,"A neutrally charged particle that can be found in the nucleus of an atom.")
cnt(W6206,"A neutron in thermal equilibrium with its surrounding medium. Thermal neutrons are those that have been slowed down by a moderator to an average speed of about 2200 meters per second (at room temperature).")
cnt(W6207,"A neutron with energy greater than aprox. 100,000 electron volts.")
cnt(W6208,"A new and specialized aspect of EE concerned with the interrelationship between on the one hand protection of the environment and of natural resources and on the other with economic development and the rational utilization of natural resources. SDE gained some prominence after the Rio Conference of 1992 but has not established itself as a discipline.")
cnt(W6209,"a new category of commodities that has an inelastic demand (as income increases, while supply of traditional goods does, the supply of positional goods can not be boosted because of its scarcity -as for a piece of art- or in a social term -fashion products- or because they loose prestige as a larger number of people buy them). Positional goods also refer to the status of the owner, which helps consumers in carrying out and in indicating their social status and cultural style.")
cnt(W6210,"A new development that by choice of form, style, or material is made to appear historical.")
cnt(W6211,"A new discipline of study of the distribution of rare natural resources. It involves essential questions like resource pricing, resource classification, determination of property rights to resources, and resource accounting.")
cnt(W6212,"a new economic sector that is fueled by environmental management and aimed at preventing and mitigating the effects of large-scale environmental changes brought on by unsustainable development")
cnt(W6213,"A new field aiming at creating automata able to learn without precise programming and to interact in meaningful ways")
cnt(W6214,"A new field of study where the notion of ""comparative"" is added to the field of cultural studies from the basic premises of the field of comparative literature meaning that the study of culture (including but not restricted to literature, communication, media, art, etc.) is to be performed in a global and international context with a plurality of methods and approaches. in particular, processes and the ""how"" of processes is focussed on, thus including, for instance, audience studies. for an elaboration of the field of comparative cultural studies see Totosy 1999 <http : //clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb99-3/totosy99.html>, ""From Comparative.""")
cnt(W6215,"A new kind of simulation where one describes the world on the level of the Integrated Assessment models but includes real people as actors into Virtual Reality.")
cnt(W6216,"A new kind of society, in which information and information technology is central, and benefits production and economy. Information society is seen as successor to industrial society.")
cnt(W6217,"a new meta-theory that denies the traditional dichotomy between objective reality in an outer world and subjective consciousness in an inner world and especially challenges the latter by insisting that all seemingly psychological, subjective processes are actually produced socially or by an act of collectivities")
cnt(W6218,"A new Peace Culture System of education and popular mass culture widely transmitted through educational institutions and the electronic media. It would have the power to inculcate new peace culture patterns, attitudes and behavior, and the values of peace at all levels. This needed new Peace Culture System would create and transfer peace traditions, norms, and intellectual refinement, between generations, nations and civilizations.")
cnt(W6219,"A new phase of symbolic cultural evolution in which communication/computer technology and advances in physiology and neuroscience are combined to extend the reach of Homo sapiens, an evolutionary process that is biological but not genetic, rapid, culturally transmitted, and not necessarily stable.")
cnt(W6220,"A new political approach for the twenty-first century that blurs traditional left-right distinctions. Commentators identify this approach by its uncharacteristic use of neo-liberal approaches to the market alongside socially liberal policies that are traditionally emblematic of the left.")
cnt(W6221,"A new term describing the conditions in space inside Earth’s magnetosphere.")
cnt(W6222,"a new transdisciplinary field of study that addresses the relationships between ecosystems and economic systems. It aims to establish a holistic economic accounting system in which natural ecosystems are an integral part. Ecological economics is also concerned with the valuation of ecological services performed by nature in economic terms.")
cnt(W6223,"A New World rectilinear lake or swamp margin agricultural plot first recorded in the West by the Spaniards in the Basin of Mexico, but with a demonstrated antiquity dating to 1000 B.C.E.")
cnt(W6224,"A newly-emerged discipline that has been developed rapidly over the past few decades. It can be defined as: ""The system analysis, design, planning, and regulating of the structure, process, feedback, and engine of the artificial ecosystem according to natural ecosystem principles of holism, harmony, circulation, and regeneration in order to gain as much as possible benefits in the long-term and large scale for human beings.""")
cnt(W6225,"A news service set up by Edward Wyllis Scripps in 1907 as part of the first chain of newspapers in the United States.")
cnt(W6226,"A newspaper that appears at least four times a week.")
cnt(W6227,"A nineteenth century device that had a series of drawings on a rotating disk. When a viewer watched the spinning drawings through a slotted hole, the drawings appeared to move because of an optical illusion created by persistence of vision.")
cnt(W6228,"a nitrogen containing base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. Examples are adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil and cytosine.")
cnt(W6229,"A node is a conductor, or a group of conductors, that serves as a common connection for two or more circuits.  In power engineering literature, the term ""bus"" is often used to denote a node.")
cnt(W6230,"A node set N and an arc set A, where each arc has an associated cost and capacity, and each node has an associated supply/demand.")
cnt(W6231,"A Non- Governmental Organization of Women for Peace Culture ")
cnt(W6232,"a non-basic, abstract domain; complex knowledge structures which combine to form concepts; they provide idealized models of reality")
cnt(W6233,"a non-binding political statement made by ministers attending a major meeting (e.g., the Rio Declaration).")
cnt(W6234,"A non-coding nucleotide sequence, which interrupts the coding sequence in eukaryotic genes and is transcribed, but removed by RNA splicing to leave a functional mRNA.")
cnt(W6236,"A non-cooperative game in which the set of feasible strategies for a player is allowed to vary with the players' strategy profile.")
cnt(W6237,"A non-crystalline form of silicon used to make photovoltaic modules.")
cnt(W6238,"A nondimensional expression of the ratio between the kinetic and the potential energy of the flow:Fr = 1 denoting critical flow; higher numbers supercritical flow, and lower numbers subcritical flow.")
cnt(W6239,"A non-dimensional expression of the vortex shedding frequency by a bluff body relative to a moving fluid.")
cnt(W6241,"A non-domestic discharger introducing pollutants directly into surface waters.")
cnt(W6242,"A non-domestic discharger introducing pollutants to a publicly owned treatment works.")
cnt(W6243,"a non-flowering plant part taken from the mother plant (the so called stock-plant), trimmed to the necessary shape and size and used for vegetative propagation. According to the plant it is prepared from, there are shoot cuttings (leafy or leafless, hardwood or softwood), root cuttings, leaf cuttings, etc.")
cnt(W6246,"A non-indigenous species which becomes established in a natural or semi-natural ecosystem or habitat, becomes dominant and spreads, and is an agent of changes that threatens native biological diversity. According to the ""tens rule,"" one imported species in ten appears in the wild, one in ten of these becomes established, and one in ten of established alien species becomes a pest.")
cnt(W6248,"A non-level surface (T) approximating Earth’s surface (S), where the geopotential at point S equals the normal potential at its map on T.")
cnt(W6249,"a non-linear production function with special characteristics described in 1928. It was based on statistical evidence at the time that seemed to show that labor and capital shares of national income were constant over time; this has since been shown to be unrealistic, but the production function has been used because of its mathematical tractability ")
cnt(W6250,"A non-magnetic discontinuity in a magnetic circuit (i.e. the distance between two magnetic poles). This gap often includes other materials such as brass, aluminum or paint.")
cnt(W6251,"A nonmagnetic theodolite with a fluxgate sensor mounted on telescope, used to determine absolute values of declination and inclination.")
cnt(W6252,"a non-metabolisable inducer of the E. coli lac operon.")
cnt(W6253,"A non-motile asexual spore not formed inside a sporangium; typical of conidial (mitosporic) fungi, including ascomycetes and basidiomycetes anamorphs.")
cnt(W6255,"A non-native or non-indigenous species, usually introduced as the result of human activities. ")
cnt(W6259,"A non-negative valued real function that determines the probability distribution of a continuous stochastic quantity.")
cnt(W6260,"A non-plastic clay consisting chiefly of montmorillonite used as an adsorbent, filter medium, and carrier for catalysts.")
cnt(W6261,"A non-porous sheet that has a very low permeability (in engineering terms impermeable), usually formed of polyethylene.")
cnt(W6262,"A non-profit environmental campaigning organisation relying only on contributions from individual supporters and foundation grants, Greenpeace operates in 40 countries of Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. Currently it is campaigning to stop climate change, protect ancient forests, save the oceans, stop whaling, stop genetic engineering, stop nuclear threat, eliminate toxic chemicals, and encourage sustainable trade.")
cnt(W6263,"A nonprofit organization that monitors and evaluates the state of freedom in nations around the world (www.freedomhouse.org).")
cnt(W6264,"A non-profit public policy research organization dedicated to informing policymakers and the public about emerging global problems and trends and the complex links between the world economy and its environmental support systems.")
cnt(W6265,"A non-profit unit that specializes in consultancy and R&D.")
cnt(W6266,"A non-profit unit that specializes in consultancy and R&D.")
cnt(W6268,"A nonrandom accumulation of matter-energy in a region of physical space which is organized into interacting inter-related subsystems and components.")
cnt(W6269,"A nonrandom polymer of four types of bases (A, C, G, U) synthesized as complementary to a gene. One class of RNAs (mRNA) mediates the translation of the sequence of bases in the gene, into sequence of bases in protein. Other classes of RNA participate in cellular functions in complexes with protein.")
cnt(W6270,"A non-random range of crystal orientations in a polycrystalline material.")
cnt(W6271,"A non-renewable resource, e.g. fossil fuels and minerals")
cnt(W6273,"A non-state authority exercised in a certain territory over the population in effect representing a state-like power. While international law offers every state a complete legal status, only exceptionally does it grant specific rights to or imposes duties on a de facto regime.")
cnt(W6274,"A nonstationary quantum state which is a superposition of a number of energy eigenstates.")
cnt(W6275,"a nonstatutory list of non-toxic water pollutants regulated pursuant to the Clean Water Act.")
cnt(W6276,"A non-strict evaluation strategy may terminate on an expression even if the evaluation of some sub-expression fails to do so. Non-strict strategies (e.g. lazy evaluation) give rise to programs that can deal with (pseudo-)infinite data structures.")
cnt(W6277,"A non-technical term applied to all tissues outside the vascular cambium or the xylem.")
cnt(W6278,"A nonthermal food preservation method. High pressure (1000 atm to 9000 atm) can be used not only to preserve foods but also to improve the rheological and functional properties of foods.")
cnt(W6279,"A nonthermal method of food preservation using light in the range from ultraviolet to infrared. Material to be sterilized is exposed to at least one pulse of light having an energy density of about 0.01 J/cm2 to 50 J/cm2 at the surface, using a wavelength distribution such that at least 70% of the electromagnetic energy is distributed in a wavelength range from 170 nm to 2600 nm.")
cnt(W6280,"A non-transferable or tradable allocation of entitlements by a government to an individual firm to emit a certain amount of a substance.")
cnt(W6282,"a nontrivial solution u of a homogeneous equation of the form  Au = ? u.")
cnt(W6284,"a normal cellular gene that can be transformed into a gene which plays a key role in the genesis of cancer.")
cnt(W6285,"A normalized measure of linear association (also termed the ‘Pearson product-moment correlation’)")
cnt(W6287,"A normally submerged profiled termination encouraging rolling action in the spilled flow reaching the tailwater.")
cnt(W6288,"A normative common law theory based on the outsider, the use of the viewpoint of the woman, particularly individual women who have been harmed by laws insensitive to their particular views, to determine the best goals for the law to pursue and the best means for its pursuit.")
cnt(W6291,"A normative demand for explicitness of the mathematical objects studied:concrete representability, or explicit definability, or presentable as mental constructions.")
cnt(W6292,"A normative theory for allocating scarce resources and distributing output and income.")
cnt(W6293,"A normative theory that describes the best goals of human life and requires that the rules of the law promote them.")
cnt(W6294,"A normative view in the foundations of mathematics insisting on concrete representability of mathematical objects as finite combinatorial structures.")
cnt(W6295,"A normative view of the economy that places more importance on nurturing life than on accumulating profit and material goods.")
cnt(W6296,"A north-south striking orogenic belt in the North American Cordillera formed from Devonian to Mississippian time.")
cnt(W6297,"A north-south striking orogenic belt that was superimposed on some of the Antler orogenic belt during Late Permian to Triassic time. This event, like the Antler orogeny, involved folding and thrusting and accretion of ocean-floor and island arc rocks onto the continental shelf.")
cnt(W6298,"A north-south striking volcanic belt from northern California to southern British Columbia formed by subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate underneath North America.")
cnt(W6299,"a nose bleed")
cnt(W6301,"a notational device in autosegmental phonology; a line drawn to link units on different levels (tiers) of representation.")
cnt(W6302,"A notched sharp-crested weir or plate, with the sides splayed 1h:5v to compensate for end-contraction effects.")
cnt(W6303,"a notice advising people to use boiled water because of secondary contamination of water in the distribution system.")
cnt(W6304,"a notion from feature geometry, referring to a group of features that form natural categories in phonological processes.")
cnt(W6305,"a notion from gestalt psychology referring to the perceptual organization; how the visual and auditory input is organized in terms of prominence of the various parts")
cnt(W6306,"a notion of implication for which it is required that there be a relevant connection between the antecedent and the consequent")
cnt(W6307,"A now obsolete expression of power in terms of Imperial units. One horsepower, if denoted as hp (British usage) equals 0.746 kW, or if denoted as HP (French and European usage) equals 0.736 kW.")
cnt(W6308,"a NP-hard problem which describes layout problems with spatial interactions.")
cnt(W6309,"A nuclear fission reactor that generates power while creating new nuclear fuel. That new fuel, plutonium-239 (Pu-239), is created through neutron capture by U-238.")
cnt(W6310,"A nuclear fuel fabrication plant, nuclear reactor, research reactor, nuclear power plant, spent fuel storage facility, enrichment plant, or reprocessing facility.")
cnt(W6311,"a nuclear or polygamous family and the parental generation. The typical extended family includes the husband, wife, their children, and the parent (or aunts/uncles) of the spouses.")
cnt(W6312,"A nuclear reaction that brings together two lighter to form a heavier one overcoming their repulsion, and releasing high amounts of energy. The binding energy of the resulting element is higher than the lighter ones.")
cnt(W6313,"A nucleic acid similar to that of DNA, though the deoxyribose acid is replaced with ribose sugar and all thymine bases are replaced with uracil. RNA is a vital component of protein synthesis as it is able to read the genetic blueprint found in DNA.")
cnt(W6314,"a nucleus which contains more than two sets of chromosomes.")
cnt(W6315,"A nuclide capable of radioactive decay.")
cnt(W6316,"A nuclide formed by the radioactive decay of another nuclide (parent).")
cnt(W6317,"A nuclide produced by the decay of a radioactive parent; also termed ""daughter""")
cnt(W6318,"A nuclide that decays spontaneously into a different nuclide; also termed ""parent""")
cnt(W6321,"A number labeling a quantum state of a system, used to distinguish it.")
cnt(W6322,"A number of activities aimed at maintaining the hydraulic capacity of a river.")
cnt(W6323,"a number of bits, usually 8 or 16")
cnt(W6325,"A number of electricity generating windmills sited in the same area.")
cnt(W6326,"A number of equations which can describe the behavior of the modeled device, system, etc.")
cnt(W6327,"A number of interconnected electric circuits.")
cnt(W6328,"A number of methods to control invasive species, especially used against insects; autocidal methods include the sterile male release technique and the use of sex pheromones.")
cnt(W6330,"A number of phenomena occurring in crystalline systems, resulting in a change of the crystalline form or size and shape of the crystals.")
cnt(W6331,"A number of quantities, i.e. data, which are relevant for the decision but which are not under the control of the decision-maker.")
cnt(W6332,"A number of superposed sedimentary beds.")
cnt(W6333,"A number of turns of a wire used to introduce inductance into an electric circuit")
cnt(W6336,"A number stored using 0s and 1s.")
cnt(W6338,"A number that represents the degree to which the directional reflectance of a surface departs from that expected from a perfectly diffuse, or Lambertian, surface. Generally, a Lambertian surface has an anisotropy index of 1.0.")
cnt(W6339,"A number to characterizes the structure of a fractal object. It takes a positive non-integer value. There are different definitions for the fractal dimension D, but roughly speaking D expresses how densely the fractal object covers the space. For example, a fractal object with D = 1.2 is one which covers the space more densely than a curve but less densely than a plane.")
cnt(W6341,"A number whose upper limit is defined by its binary storage.")
cnt(W6344,"A number-theoretic function which can be defined by composition and primitive recursion from the successor and constant and projection functions.")
cnt(W6346,"A numerical approach based on the statistical correlation between crop performance and one or more natural land attributes.")
cnt(W6348,"a numerical description of change of productivity depending on environmental conditions.")
cnt(W6350,"a numerical measure of uncertainty about the future state of a dynamical system. A positive metric entropy is a hallmark of chaotic dynamics")
cnt(W6351,"A numerical method for approximating the minimal points of functions or the zero-points of a function.")
cnt(W6352,"A numerical method for approximating true integration by a series of calculations made at finite intervals.")
cnt(W6353,"A numerical method of studying problems that are too complicated to be solved analytically. The problem comprises an assemblage of small parts (elements). Each element is of simple geometry and property, and is therefore much easier to analyze than the actual system.")
cnt(W6354,"A numerical method that reduces the solution of a boundary value problem to the iterative solution of initial value problems.")
cnt(W6355,"A numerical model that simulates the climate of a portion of the Earth (typically at the continental scale) based on basic governing equation of conservation of mass, energy, and momentum.")
cnt(W6357,"A numerical representation of the climate system based on the physical, chemical and biological properties of its components, their interactions and feedback processes, and accounting for all or some of its known properties. The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity, i.e. for any one component or combination of components a hierarchy of models can be identified, differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemical or biological processes are explicitly represented, or the level at which empirical parameterizations are involved. Coupled atmosphere/ocean/sea-ice General Circulation Models (CC Ms) provide a comprehensive representation of the climate system. There is an evolution towards more complex models with active chemistry and biology. Climate models are applied, as a research tool, to study and simulate the climate, but also for operational purposes, including monthly, seasonal and interannual climate predictions.")
cnt(W6359,"A numerical scheme based on a 2-dimensional grid of space and time")
cnt(W6361,"a nutrient which can be digested, absorbed and/or used in the body ")
cnt(W6362,"A nutrient-rich state with high productivity.")
cnt(W6364,"A one-sided war in which an affluent and technologically advanced nation is capable of overwhelming an adversary. Most citizens of the more affluent nation pay relatively little to finance the war and are not directly exposed to the dangers of war. Instead, most citizens read reports or watch televised reports, and cheer on their military in much the same manner that fans cheer on their favored sports team.")
cnt(W6365,"A one-way nested model is where large-scale models are used to provide inputs and boundary conditions for more detailed regional and small scale models.")
cnt(W6366,"A package of methodological tools for dealing with the relationship between systems and their subsystems.")
cnt(W6367,"a packet containing sperm produced by the male to transfer sperm to the female. Found in cephalopods and in some gastropods.")
cnt(W6368,"A page or collection of pages on the world wide web which provide information to users and contain hotlinks to other sites of relevance.")
cnt(W6369,"A pair consisting of a price system and an allocation. The allocation assigns to each agent an optimal bundle given the price system. Moreover all markets clear.")
cnt(W6372,"A pair of a finite set of vertices and a finite set of edges, where each edge is not oriented.")
cnt(W6373,"A pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore and causing the opening and closing of the pore.")
cnt(W6374,"A pair of disks attached to a row-crop cultivator or bedder to help form ridges, beds, or irrigation furrows.")
cnt(W6375,"A pair of radionuclides which bear the relationship as daughter and parent. The daughter is produced by the decay of the parent.")
cnt(W6376,"a pair of words differing in one segment only, e.g. 'pin' vs. 'bin' in English.")
cnt(W6377,"A Palaeoproterozoic craton as part of the northern Australian craton in the Kimberley region of the northern territory and western Australia. Although there is no direct connection to the name of the diamondiferous rocks type ""kimberlite"", diamonds have been recently found in the Kimberley craton.")
cnt(W6378,"A pale, soft, exudative condition of meat such as pork associated with too rapid a drop in pH shortly after slaughter.")
cnt(W6379,"A Paleozoic mountain belt that extends from Alabama to Greenland and connects with the European Caledonide orogenic belt. Three major tectonic events formed this belt including the Taconic (Middle Ordovician to Silurian), Acadian (Late Silurian to Devonian) and Alleghenian (Carboniferous) episodes.")
cnt(W6380,"A Paleozoic mountain belt that extends from Utah across Oklahoma and Texas to Mississippi as a westward continuation of the Appalachian orogenic belt that formed when Gondwanaland and Euramerica collided.")
cnt(W6381,"A Paleozoic Ocean separating North America from Europe, which was consumed when the continents collided during the Late Paleozoic and formed the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen.")
cnt(W6382,"A Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere; the southern part of Pangaea that formed South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica.")
cnt(W6384,"a palladium complex containing in the p system of the ligand three carbons bound to the metal.")
cnt(W6385,"a palladium complex where the organic fragment is bound to the palladium atom via a s bond.")
cnt(W6386,"A panchayat traditionally referred to a council of five members who would arbitrate over disputes in a village. In modern administrative terms, the term Panchayati Raj suggests decentralization at the local or village level. The Panchayati Raj system was first introduced in India as an effort at decentralization in 1959.")
cnt(W6387,"A panel made from wood wafers and resins that are hot-pressed into a sheet. The wood wafers are derived from wood waste.")
cnt(W6389,"a paradigm in economics named after the Nobel Prize laureate in Economic Science, Ronald H. Coase, which stresses the importance of transaction costs.")
cnt(W6390,"A parallel (as opposed to serial) system of synthesis that produces large numbers of chemical species with the desired properties.")
cnt(W6391,"a parallel computer containing hundreds or thousands of (micro)processors.")
cnt(W6393,"a parallel computer containing many processors which are interconnected via a static point-to-point (i.e., processor-to-processor) physical network.")
cnt(W6394,"a parallel computer containing many processors which can exchange information through a shared memory. They access this memory via a dynamic network. The exact interconnection scheme is determined each time by the application program.")
cnt(W6398,"A parallelepiped (parallelogram) of lattice points, often but not always the smallest possible parallelepiped (parallelogram) that, when repeated regularly in three (two) dimensions generates the complete lattice.")
cnt(W6399,"A parallel-sided, or similar, regularly shaped, water-conducting channel, with a floor and sides.")
cnt(W6400,"A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially beta-aminopropionitrile, found in the seeds of plants of the genus Lathyrus (see LEGUMES).")
cnt(W6402,"A parameter describing the exponential loss in light with depth in aquatic ecosystems.")
cnt(W6404,"A parameter in terms of money, to express the (exchange) value of an object or a property at a given time. The price of land corresponds to the value of ownership of stipulated rights in perpetuity, and is equal to the estimated present value of the expected future appropriations of rent.")
cnt(W6406,"A parameter is identifiable if there is sufficient information in the model input, output and other data to solve uniquely for that parameter value. Otherwise additional information is required to provide a unique solution.")
cnt(W6408,"A parameter of a sequential decision model representing the decision making epochs.")
cnt(W6411,"A parameter of algorithm that depends on value of error of initial data. This parameter provides convergence of the approximate solution to the exact solution.")
cnt(W6412,"A parameter of the probability distribution of the item quality indicators resulting form the process which determines the quality of the process (e.g, the process mean or variance).")
cnt(W6413,"A parameter that characterizes the variation of stress with distance from the tip of a crack. The stress intensity factor is calculated for a particular structure with a defined crack as part of the procedure of fracture mechanics.")
cnt(W6414,"A parameter that defines efficiency or deficiency of an energy conversion device or a component of the system. Adiabatic efficiency, a pressure loss, a heat loss, and a heat transfer temperature difference are efficiency parameters.")
cnt(W6415,"A parameter that measures the difference between the rate of change in the per-unit use of input i and input j as the price of input j changes.")
cnt(W6416,"A parameter to appraise the strength of coke.")
cnt(W6417,"A parameter used to define the shape of the particle.")
cnt(W6418,"A parameter which governs the order of microscopic structure of matter.")
cnt(W6419,"a parasite of a fungus.")
cnt(W6420,"a parasite that kills its host slowly (and in a fixed pattern) in the course of its development. Many true parasites have also a free living stage. ")
cnt(W6421,"a parasite that lives inside its host.")
cnt(W6422,"a parasite that lives on the outside of its host.")
cnt(W6423,"A parasitic disease caused by Guinea worm.")
cnt(W6424,"A parasitic disease in humans caused by a protozoan. The pathogen is spread by mosquitoes.")
cnt(W6425,"A parasitic flowering plant in the genus Arceuthobium (family Loranthaceae), which has no apparent leaves, and occurs only on above-ground parts of coniferous trees.")
cnt(W6426,"A parent firm that opens up a subsidiary branch in a foreign country. This is a form of a direct foreign investment with control of ownership and management.")
cnt(W6427,"A Paris-based forum for discussion and co-ordination of economic policy, a think-tank for new ideas, and an agency for collecting international economic statistics. The twenty-nine member countries are predominantly the world's most affluent democracies.")
cnt(W6429,"A Paris-based forum for discussion and co-ordination of policy, a think-tank for new ideas, and an agency for collecting international economic statistics. The twenty-nine member countries are predominantly the worlds most affluent democracies.")
cnt(W6432,"'a part of'")
cnt(W6433,"a part of a fusion protein that allows easy purification of this protein by an affinity chromatographic method based on interaction of the tag portion with a specific ligand immobilised on an insoluble matrix.")
cnt(W6435,"A part of a mountain slope or a valley bottom where a snow avalanche occurs, descends, and stops.")
cnt(W6436,"A part of a young cyclone located between the warm and cold fronts near the surface filled up with the warm air.")
cnt(W6437,"A part of airflow potential energy which can be transformed into kinetic energy. Available potential energy is determined by horizontal thermal nonhomogeneity.")
cnt(W6441,"A part of Earth's crust that has attained stability and has been little deformed for geologically long periods of time.")
cnt(W6442,"A part of Earths surface with homogenous natural features such as land formation, climate, and distribution of flora and fauna.")
cnt(W6443,"A part of geochemistry that is concerned with processes of lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere interactions.")
cnt(W6444,"A part of palaeomagnetism, specifically concerned with the study of layers in terms of their magnetization.")
cnt(W6445,"A part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled (ISO 2002). All those planned or systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given needs (ASQ 1998). All the planned and systematic activities implemented within a quality system that can be demonstrated to provide confidence a product or service will fulfill requirements for quality (QP 2002). ")
cnt(W6447,"a part of surging glacier where the ice outflow takes place and the glacier surface is lowered.")
cnt(W6448,"A part of the continental or oceanic crust and a portion of the upper mantle of Earth.")
cnt(W6449,"a part of the economy, for example, the agricultural sector.")
cnt(W6450,"A part of the grain sample that does not constitute faultless specimens of the basic grain.")
cnt(W6451,"A part of the human experience which includes design literacy as well as design competence.")
cnt(W6452,"A part of the molecule that has affinity to oil or air.")
cnt(W6453,"A part of the molecule that has affinity to water.")
cnt(W6454,"A part of the Precambrian Eon from 4.0 to 2.5 billion years ago.")
cnt(W6455,"A part of the solution to an equation that we may define given any square matrix.  An eigenvalue of a covariance matrix for p variables is the variance of one of the  p uncorrelated linear combinations of the original variables that can be formed such that the nth is the most variable such combination that is possible that is uncorrelated with the n-1 already defined.")
cnt(W6456,"A part of the World Ocean adjoining the continent and partially separated from it by peninsulas, or a group of islands, or simply by the ocean bottom uplifting.")
cnt(W6457,"a part of the World Ocean aquatory, adjoining a continent and partially separated from it by peninsula/s, island/s and raised part/s of the ocean bottom.")
cnt(W6458,"A part of vapors which have been trapped in the interior of our planet during its formation later escape the interior of the Earth and these exhaled vapors may be called the secondary atmosphere of the Earth.")
cnt(W6459,"A part of wind wave energy (global, regional, and local) that can be considered as a source for energy extraction.")
cnt(W6460,"a partial harvest to remove the most valuable trees without conserving the residual stand quality.")
cnt(W6463,"A participant involved in a dispute, also commonly referred to as a player, participant, stakeholder, or actor.")
cnt(W6464,"A participatory approach in rural development at community level with the support of rational natural resources management, widely applied in the Francophone West African Sahel countries since the mid-1980s.")
cnt(W6465,"A particle accelerator in which all the accelerator components lie in a straight line.")
cnt(W6466,"a particle from space that is small enough to be slowed and not burned up when impacts with the Earth's atmosphere.")
cnt(W6467,"A particle in or originating from the epilimnion layer of the lake.")
cnt(W6468,"A particle living in two-dimensional systems consisting of an even number of magnetic flux lines attached to an electron.")
cnt(W6469,"A particle that does not decay.")
cnt(W6470,"A particle that has the same mass as another particle and equal (in magnitude) but opposite (in sign) values of other properties, like the electrical charge. For example, the positron is the antiparticle of the electron. The positron has a positive charge equal in magnitude to the electron’s negative charge. ")
cnt(W6471,"A particle that is identical to a helium nucleus with 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and a 2+ charge.")
cnt(W6472,"A particle with half -integer spin which satisfies the Fermi-Dirac statistics, i.e., in the quantum field theory description of a multi-particle system the wave function changes sign under exchange of coordinates of two fermions.  Matter is built out of fermions.")
cnt(W6474,"A particle with integer spin which satisfies the Bose-Einstein statistics i.e., in the quantum field theory description of  a multi-particle system the wave function stays invariant under exchange of coordinates of two bosons or a boson and a fermion . The carriers of interaction are bosons.")
cnt(W6475,"A particular allelic variant of an enzyme.")
cnt(W6480,"A particular configuration of genes which defines a species.")
cnt(W6481,"A particular electronic protocol for communicating between computerized controllers which has become popular in mobile vehicles.")
cnt(W6482,"a particular family of homeotic genes in metazoans that help to define anterior-posterior polarity and further specify regionalization of the body.")
cnt(W6485,"A particular form of hierarchically organized expert system (ES), consisting of a certain number of local ES (""sources""), each handling a portion of the knowledge base and communicating their conclusions to a ""blackboard,"" which represents the ""latest state of affairs"" of the global inferential activity. A dedicated inference engine controls the flow of information and resolves contradictions between different sources.")
cnt(W6487,"a particular form of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm.")
cnt(W6488,"A particular geometry of a molecule that describes the spatial disposition of atoms in terms of bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles")
cnt(W6489,"A particular goal which a dam operator attempts to achieve. For example and operational target for energy production might be the number of kilowatt hours of generation that could be achieved by a hydroelectric plant in a month.")
cnt(W6490,"A particular identification algorithm in which the state space is constructed by projecting future outputs on the space of the past outputs, by an approximation of the projected space, and by an approximation of the dynamics.")
cnt(W6491,"A particular kind of aquifer developed in the joints of igneous and metamorphic rocks characterized by its low yields; also called low-permeability aquifers.")
cnt(W6496,"A particular mix of family, state, and market where the family has a dominant role, and the presence of the state is subsidiary to the family. A relevant role in the de-commodification of the system is also played by the associations operating in the nonprofit sector. There are four countries that belong to the southern European welfare model:  Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece.")
cnt(W6497,"A particular path where the starting node is the same of the final node. The loops in a graph can be a maximum of M.")
cnt(W6498,"A particular portion of the glacial cycle where major glaciers are advancing, retreating, or stationary.")
cnt(W6499,"a particular type of electrofilter, utilizing liquid flow or sprays to wash down the dust particles from the collector surface continuously or periodically.")
cnt(W6501,"A particular type of location system, such as plane rectangular coordinates or spherical coordinates, that uses linear or angular quantities to designate the position of target points within that particular reference frame or system. Latitude and longitude coordinate system is the most commonly used geographic referencing system.")
cnt(W6504,"A particular type of political decision-making procedure, in which decisions are made by those who are affected by those decisions, and where decisions are made by the many and not the few. It is also a communicative procedure, the essence of which is the public and free exchange of ideas and views.")
cnt(W6505,"A particular version of a global ethic that combines transnational responsibility with respect for diversity of culture and belief (it can also be called ""responsible pluralism"" or ""responsibility and respect for diversity"").")
cnt(W6506,"A particular view of ecological limits and sustainable development in which the aim of the latter is the survival of the human species or a particular society, and which sees the solution to the ecological crisis a necessarily anti-democratic and authoritarian.")
cnt(W6507,"A particular water use projection model used to explore scenarios of future water")
cnt(W6508,"A particular way of structuring information to assist decision analysts and/or decision makers.")
cnt(W6509,"A particular, common view of sustainable development in which the latter is understood solely in terms of how to continue with the present development model or path using less natural resources and causing less environmental damage, by means of technological innovations. For this view, sustainable development does not call for major alternations in current liberal democratic and free market based development.")
cnt(W6510,"A partnership (with minority or majority shareholdings) or conglomerate, often formed to share risk, technology and organizational expertise.")
cnt(W6511,"A party involved in a confrontation. May be an organization or an individual; if an organization, its preferences and attitudes are determined by internal confrontations between subplayers with differing interests.")
cnt(W6512,"A passageway constructed underground through high ground or mountains open at both ends so as to provide a path for a road, railroad, canal, water, sewer, drain, etc.")
cnt(W6513,"A past climate situation in which climatic variables and their changes were similar to the present occurred.")
cnt(W6514,"A path through the building envelope with lower resistance to heat flow than the bulk of the building material. Heat is lost (or gained) as it travels over a ""bridge"" past the higher R-value elements.")
cnt(W6515,"A path where all arcs are oriented in the same direction.")
cnt(W6517,"A pathological state induced a variety of chemicals whereby the normal homeostatic functioning of the kidney is disrupted.")
cnt(W6518,"A pathway for water entering roots across membranes")
cnt(W6519,"A pathway for water entering roots around protoplasts.")
cnt(W6520,"A pathway for water entering roots from cell to cell via plasmodesmata")
cnt(W6522,"A pattern of activity that takes place to create and maintain an international society (e.g. the principles and norms of the United Nations).")
cnt(W6523,"A pattern of alternating periods of overexpansion and depression in the economy with a period on the order of 50 years.")
cnt(W6527,"a pattern of masculinity characteristic of settler colonialism.")
cnt(W6528,"A pattern of migration in which adults living in freshwater migrate towards sea to spawn.")
cnt(W6529,"A pattern of needs, motivations, feelings, interpretations, and intentions directing actions of individuals and groups.")
cnt(W6530,"A pattern of ocean climate including wind direction and strength, current direction and speed, atmospheric pressure systems, up-welling of deep water, and other factors. Regimes may have different time scales and may shift quite suddenly. The decadal time scale is of special interest to salmon fisheries biologists.")
cnt(W6532,"a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the organization learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, is to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems")
cnt(W6534,"a pattern whereby affluent people purchase, and use or discard far more material goods than is necessary for survival or comfort, thereby wastefully consuming the natural resources of the earth.")
cnt(W6536,"A payment to be made in the future according to a contract such as an option or a future.")
cnt(W6537,"A payoff vector satisfying the total group rationality and the individual rationality.")
cnt(W6538,"a PCR-based method for recombining two or more DNA fragments without depending on restriction enzymes or ligase.")
cnt(W6539,"A peace culture can create, mediate, and transfer values, ideas, ethics, information, customs, traditions, interests, emotions, developments, arts, and intellectual refinement, between people, generations, nations, and civilizations. It is both a productive and reproductive force by transmitting the cultural patterns of the present and the past, and an important creative and educational influence, by its power to inculcate new values, norms, attitudes, behavior, and trends.")
cnt(W6541,"A peaceful and pro-peace social ambiance that is produced by the conjunction of many pro-peace individual, social and official attitudes.")
cnt(W6542,"A peak in the Fitness Landscape occupied by one variety of creature, often unopposed.")
cnt(W6543,"A peat mound associated with the development of an ice lens.")
cnt(W6544,"A peculiarity of vertical stratification of the ocean, when quasi-uniform layers from tens of meters down to a few centimeters thick are interleaved with thinner seams having abrupt changes in the thermodynamic parameters (temperature, salinity, density, sound velocity).")
cnt(W6545,"A pentose (5 carbon) sugar, e.g. xylose")
cnt(W6546,"a peptide used as a compatible solute for osmoregulation in algae.")
cnt(W6547,"A perceptual capacity in which an observing child or adult is able to use intuition to sense, to some degree, the feelings and thoughts of another.")
cnt(W6548,"A peremptory norm of the international community from which no derogation is lawful.")
cnt(W6549,"A perennial plant that bears its overwintering buds at the soil surface.")
cnt(W6550,"A perennial plant that bears its overwintering buds just above the soil surface.")
cnt(W6551,"a perennial plant whose buds are buried beneath mud or water.")
cnt(W6552,"A perfectly competitive firm is one of a very large number of firms in the industry. It is such a small part of the entire industry that it has no effect on the price decision. As a price taker it can decide only on the output level.")
cnt(W6553,"A perforated pipe under a streambed or a stream bank to collect water.")
cnt(W6554,"A period about 10,000 BP.")
cnt(W6556,"A period between two glacial periods, when temperature rises sufficiently for forests of species which demand temperatures at least as high as those of present existed. The present interglacial is the Holocene.")
cnt(W6558,"A period during which only interest falling due on debt need be paid, not the principle.")
cnt(W6560,"a period in China in the late 1950s when policy makers used many wrong measures aimed at energizing the economy, but which finally failed to increase either productivity or living standard.")
cnt(W6562,"A period in the early to mid Holocene that was warmer than any time in the Holocene before or since; in most of the Northern Hemisphere, it was between 5000 and 8000 years ago.")
cnt(W6563,"A period of 10 days.")
cnt(W6564,"A period of dry sub-zero temperatures. Black frosts usually damage or kill vegetation, and the name derives from the resulting blackened appearance of affected plants.")
cnt(W6566,"A period of isolation for people or animals that may carry an infectious disease, until it is known that there is no danger of the disease being passed on to others.")
cnt(W6568,"a period of massive iceberg discharge into the North Atlantic, which occurred several times during last ice ages and probably many times throughout the Pleistocene. Extensive layers of ice-rafted detritus observed in deep-sea sediment cores record these events")
cnt(W6569,"A period of rapid and crucial change in agriculture. It is usually taken to include major increases in productivity and output, resulting from changes in farming technology and practices.")
cnt(W6572,"A period of time centered on the first contact between an indigenous people and Europeans. From first contact, it goes back in time until oral tradition becomes unreliable (usually several generations) and forward in time until indigenous cultures have been effectively destroyed (generally one generation or less).")
cnt(W6574,"a period spanning the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe during which the basic tenets of modern scientific thought were first developed; enlightenment thinking puts priority on rationality and hard science.")
cnt(W6576,"a period that began in Britain in the second half of the 18th century during which the machines and concepts that make possible mass production were first developed; the industrial paradigm views natural resources as effectively infinite, with the primary limits to productive capacity being labor and capital. This paradigm does not put a monetary value on the services natural systems provide, including waste purification and disposal.")
cnt(W6578,"A period, lasting from 1645 to 1715, when there was an apparent lack of sunspots and other indicators of solar activity.")
cnt(W6579,"A periodic array of quantum wells.")
cnt(W6580,"A periodic but short-lived climatic event centered in the South Pacific which brings floods and storms to coastal Peru, and disrupts global weather patterns causing drought and famine in other regions.")
cnt(W6582,"A periodic current which reverses at regularly recurring intervals of time and which has alternately positive and negative values.")
cnt(W6583,"A periodic magnet lattice designed to deviate the electron, or positron, through a series of undulations. The maximum angular deviation induced is less than the characteristic opening angle of the radiation cone, and there is coherence between emissions from successive bends. Interference between the radiation emitted from each undulation leads to a strongly structured spectrum with “lines” that can be tuned by adjusting the magnetic field gap ( Figure 3B). The intensity will be proportional to the square of the number of periods in the magnet lattice. The exiting and incident beam are in the same direction (see also Wavelength shifter).")
cnt(W6584,"A periodic signal expressed as an infinite sum of sinusoidal signals.")
cnt(W6585,"a periodical distortion of the water surface, that turns into a consecutive alternation of crests and depressions.")
cnt(W6587,"A peripheral vascular disease characterized by severe systematic arteriosclerosis and spontaneous amputations of affected extremities in the final stages.")
cnt(W6590,"A permanent repository of genes, or parts, or morphogenetic stages, of living organisms.")
cnt(W6591,"A permeability meter.")
cnt(W6592,"a permit-based regulatory strategy that aims to control water quality by regulating water outflows at point of industrial or municipal discharge.")
cnt(W6593,"A person already employed in a professional capacity.")
cnt(W6595,"A person appointed under The Construction (Design and Management Regulations) who has overall responsibility for co-ordinating the health and safety aspects of the design and planning phase of a project.")
cnt(W6596,"A person born in the five years following the end of World War II.")
cnt(W6597,"A person dedicated to the eliciting, gathering, and collecting of knowledge (typically from domain experts), and to its organization into a knowledge base.")
cnt(W6599,"a person forced to move from his or her homeland by a combination of the lack of : food, potable water, shelter or firewood, caused by severe land degradation or desertification.")
cnt(W6600,"a person having obtained a diploma receives a title such as Master. Distinction between academic (Master) and professional (senior officer).")
cnt(W6602,"a person imbued with the ideals of human rights, justice, and peace and who applies such values in everyday communication. ")
cnt(W6603,"A person lawfully invested with the power, and charged with the duty of managing or caring for the person and property of an individual who is unable to take care of his or her self.")
cnt(W6604,"a person lawfully invested with the power, and charged with the duty, of managing or caring for a child and his or her estate")
cnt(W6606,"A person lawfully invested with the power, and charged with the duty, of managing or caring for a child and his or her estate.")
cnt(W6607,"A person licensed to practice law. In various jurisdictions some lawyers may be know as, inter alia, attorneys, barristers, solicitors, or counselors; the terms are not necessarily interchangeable, and may denote different specific roles in different jurisdictions.")
cnt(W6608,"A person moving from one place to another in order to establish residence there.")
cnt(W6609,"A person or group of persons with interest in a project, plan, policy or activity for socio-economic development that is likely to, or has potential for, impacting on their quality of life.")
cnt(W6610,"A person or group who can affect or is affected by an action.")
cnt(W6611,"A person or organization that possesses real decision-making power in a conflict such that its actions can affect the outcome of the dispute. Decision makers are also commonly referred to as players, parties, participants, interest groups, actors, or stakeholders.")
cnt(W6614,"A person prefers X to Y if she or he chooses, or has reasons to choose, X over Y. If a person prefers X to Y, she or he does not prefer Y to X, nor is she or he indifferent between X and Y.")
cnt(W6615,"a person trained in Jewish law, ritual, and tradition and ordained for leadership of a Jewish congregation, especially one serving as chief religious official of a synagogue.")
cnt(W6616,"A person who believes in feminism, and may pursue this belief in a variety of ways.")
cnt(W6617,"a person who believes in Islam.")
cnt(W6618,"A person who by reasons of education or training possesses scientific, technical, or specialized knowledge of some particular subject area in greater depth than the public at large.")
cnt(W6619,"A person who interacts directly with a system.")
cnt(W6620,"a person who investigates complaints and mediates fair settlements")
cnt(W6621,"A person who is willing to give up part of his usual activity pattern in order to gain additional free leisure time to be used at his/her discretion.")
cnt(W6622,"A person who knows how to use computers as a means of self-expression, as a tool for producing virtual worlds where reality and fantasy are intertwined, and where the individual becomes a character in a scenario.")
cnt(W6623,"a person who makes arrows (to fletch: to fit a feather on an arrow)")
cnt(W6624,"a person who makes felt (to full: to shrink and thicken cloth of wool with moisture, heat, and pressure)")
cnt(W6625,"a person who makes measurements (observations) on a system to gain information about it")
cnt(W6626,"a person whose responsibilities are to build a knowledge culture, create a knowledge infrastructure, and make effective implementation of a knowledge management program")
cnt(W6627,"A person with a historical attachment to land and environments in a geographical area and maintains in whole or in part distinct traditions that separates him/her from the dominant nation state usually controlled by an immigrant population.")
cnt(W6628,"A person with outstanding ability to solve the difficult problems in a professional field.")
cnt(W6629,"A person, device or apparatus for recording data for later analysis.")
cnt(W6630,"A person, who builds judgmental and formal forecasts.")
cnt(W6632,"A person’s development and curriculum vitae, as perceived by others. Types of biography are important indicators for analyses in social sciences and strategies in education policy.")
cnt(W6633,"A person’s feeling of identification with a particular social group (linguistic,national, religious, etc).")
cnt(W6634,"A person’s system of values, goals and ends, which determines what is of importance in life. To be distinguished from a theory of the right, which specifies a person’s rights and obligations.")
cnt(W6635,"A personality trait that influences the degree to which a person acts submissively around authority figures and dominant towards subordinates. It can also influence the level of tolerance a person feels toward members of racial out-groups and toward acts of perceived moral indiscretion.")
cnt(W6638,"A personality trait that influences the degree to which a person seeks out activities that are novel, creative, unconventional, intellectually stimulating, or culturally satisfying.")
cnt(W6639,"A personality trait that influences the degree to which people monitor their own behaviors and attempt to match these behaviors with the external standards suggested by the immediate social context.")
cnt(W6641,"A personality whose qualities are virtues related to peace (respect, etc)")
cnt(W6643,"A perspective and methodology for managing risk-involved systems.")
cnt(W6644,"A perspective from which the environment is seen as basically a means to serve the needs of humankind.")
cnt(W6645,"A perspective in the social sciences that privileges material constraints or conditions as explanatory mechanisms for human behavioral variability, over ideas or other mental or spiritual aspects of human life.")
cnt(W6646,"A perspective in the social sciences that views aspects of a culture as integrated and interrelated, each serving to reinforce and maintain stability within the system.")
cnt(W6647,"A perspective on sustainability which insists that the overall stock of capital be ""constant"" or increasing, with an emphasis on maintaining or enhancing the stock of natural capital.")
cnt(W6650,"A perspective, important to ecofeminist ethics, that rejects all forms of state sanctioned violence and military activity.")
cnt(W6651,"A pest management system that, in the context of specific strategic resource management objectives, a sound knowledge base, and accurate current information, utilizes all suitable tactics to maintain one or more forest pest populations at or below a tolerable level, in such a manner that ecosystem productivity and sustainability are preserved or enhanced.")
cnt(W6652,"A pest-control strategy including biological and ecological interventions in addition to the use of pesticides and mechanical removal.")
cnt(W6653,"A pesticide that can be translocated through the vascular system of a plant.")
cnt(W6654,"A pesticide that employs a microorganism rather than a chemical as the active ingredient.")
cnt(W6655,"A pesticide that is capable of killing its target by direct contact, as opposed to the need to be ingested or translocated.")
cnt(W6656,"A petroleum accumulation or a group of accumulations that are conceived as having similar geologic risks and sharing common geologic attributes")
cnt(W6657,"A petroleum fraction, which is insoluble in pentane but soluble in benzene.")
cnt(W6660,"A phase transition accompanied with change of the degree of order in arrangement of atoms or molecules.")
cnt(W6661,"A phase, which has a higher chemical free energy than the equilibrium phase.")
cnt(W6662,"A phenomena in the conditionally unstable regions where there are steep lapse rate and deep low-level moist and convergent layer.")
cnt(W6663,"A phenomena that occurs near the surface of the sea and is caused by an abnormal growth of dinoflagellates—single-celled plankton. The toxin secreted by the dinoflagellates is capable of killing fish through a cyclic effect. As decomposition continues, it creates more nutrients, which feed the plankton bloom, and the greater quantities can colour the water red (see www.cagenterprises.com/wx_glossary_r.html).")
cnt(W6664,"A phenomenon by which all moving bodies veer to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.")
cnt(W6665,"a phenomenon by which something unconscious meant to be hidden ""leaks"" into view, as when a gesture ""betrays"" someone's real intention.")
cnt(W6666,"A phenomenon in a solid conductor in which the alternating current that follows in that conductor tends to flow along its outer most element. However the skin effect is insignificant if the frequency of the alternating current is low.")
cnt(W6667,"A phenomenon in which a hydrogen absorption characteristic is deteriorated by adsorption of impurities in hydrogen on an alloy surface.")
cnt(W6668,"A phenomenon in which algae accumulate on the surface of lakes, reservoirs and the sea. The surface water is colored green, red or brown (recently, toxic substances produced by cyanobacteria have become a world wide environmental issue).")
cnt(W6670,"A phenomenon observed in the Southern Hemisphere relating average sea-temperature distribution to meteorological weather phenomena.")
cnt(W6671,"A phenomenon observed in whirling flows of fluids and gases whose hydrodynamic and thermodynamic characteristics undergo chaotic fluctuations.")
cnt(W6672,"A phenomenon occurring at high temperatures associated with closure of a sorbent’s pores and loss of internal surface area; also called deadburning.")
cnt(W6673,"A phenomenon occurring when the transport of molecules is mediated only by concentration gradients. It is usually the slowest step in the overall measurement process of biosensors.")
cnt(W6674,"a phenomenon of nature associated with annual changes in prevailing wind direction in line with the shift in the seasons. The changes are caused by the heat difference between the land and the sea or by changes in the planetary wind system.")
cnt(W6675,"A phenomenon related to the sharp increase in temperature over the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean (near the coast of South America).")
cnt(W6678,"A phenomenon where countries that are technologically and economically less developed, in some situations, make a faster transition or even jump through some phases and become more advanced countries in a short span of time.")
cnt(W6679,"A phenomenon whereby, because of the presence of a large amount of high pressure gas in the coal, there is a sudden explosion in the mine.")
cnt(W6680,"A phenomenon, to be understood on the model of a market failure, whereby new knowledge fails to benefit more than those who participated in the network:an argument for the university.")
cnt(W6681,"A philosophic doctrine arguing that individuals and society should explicitly quantify their beliefs in the form of an objective function and make decisions which maximize this objective function")
cnt(W6682,"A philosophical movement the main concern of which is how to exist as real individuals who are the masters of themselves and not merely a slave of the mass or of authority.")
cnt(W6683,"a philosophical position which views the nature of a whole as being explicable from an understanding of the nature and organization of its parts")
cnt(W6684,"A philosophical practice of disclosing the inner productive contradictions of classical metaphysical concepts aimed at opening human thinking to new and shifting horizons of meaning. ")
cnt(W6686,"A philosophical system which arguments that each person constructs his/her ""reality"", as a product of his/her interpretation on the phenomena occurring in the Real World, distinguishing clearly between a ""personal reality"" that someone constructs for himself/herself about the proper events ocurring in the Real World. The ""personal reality"" constructed is a combination of mental images, emotions and rational processes that arise as a consequence of them.")
cnt(W6687,"A philosophical system which does not admit anything as a true, unless this being proved through the reason or the experimentation or for both"" (Royal Academy of Language Dictionary, Madrid, Spain).")
cnt(W6688,"A philosophical tradition that holds that individuals are essentially the same given their capacity to know right from wrong. Human rights, therefore, are universal, and not contingent on culture or nation. It follows that the form of government which best preserves human rights and permits the greatest freedom of the individual will be the most peaceful regime.")
cnt(W6689,"A philosophical tradition that holds that rights are culturally-bound, since an individual derives his or her identity from the group to which he or she belongs. It is assumed that the state is the highest community to which an individual may belong; the international system is thus a ""practical"" association whose purpose is to promote peaceful coexistence, with the duty of non-intervention therefore an important part of that system.")
cnt(W6690,"A philosophical view by which mathematical objects (especially sets) exist.")
cnt(W6692,"A philosophical view that formal proofs from assumed axioms are all there is to mathematics.")
cnt(W6693,"A philosophical view that there is only one kind of reality.")
cnt(W6695,"a philosophy for statistical analysis, in which data are deterministic and parameters or models are uncertain. A priori distribution and observed data are combined to obtain a posterior distribution. An extensive analysis estimates the worth of perfect information and that of additional observation data.")
cnt(W6696,"A philosophy in ancient China stating that negative and positive forces play upon each other and formulate all ecological relationships.")
cnt(W6697,"A philosophy in ancient China stating that things should not go to their extreme but should remain equidistant from them or seek a median path.")
cnt(W6699,"A philosophy of managing resources to reduce uncertainty by applying a constant process of setting objectives, monitoring outcomes, and assessing future steps.")
cnt(W6700,"a philosophy or a way of life, and a commitment to address violence in society with nonviolent action.")
cnt(W6706,"A phosphoacylglycerol in which the phosphodiester alkyl group is ethanolamine; they are also called phosphatidylethanolamine.")
cnt(W6708,"a phrase borrowed from another language through a literal word-for-word translation")
cnt(W6709,"A phrase coined by Lewis Binford denoting a period of transition at the end of the Pleistocene glaciations when people in the northern hemisphere were adjusting to new ecological niches by experimenting with new foods, mostly in the form of small packages, such as grains, fish, shellfish, or smaller mammals.")
cnt(W6710,"A physical breakdown of rocks due to an alternating expansion and contraction of minerals and water in the voids, related to diurnal temperature changes.")
cnt(W6712,"A physical constant, specific for each radioactive isotope (nuclide), that expresses the rate of radioactive decay.")
cnt(W6714,"a physical device that allows the detection of a chemical as an electrical signal derived from a biocatalyst, such as an enzyme or antibody.")
cnt(W6715,"A physical feature, material, or element whose formation, alteration, or destruction can be calibrated or related to a known interval of time.")
cnt(W6716,"a physical form of speech used at all levels of Waldorf Education")
cnt(W6717,"A physical mapping approach that uses fluorescein tags to detect hybridization of probes with metaphase chromosomes and with the less-condensed somatic interphase chromatin.")
cnt(W6719,"A physical model where the bed is molded in a movable substance.")
cnt(W6720,"A physical model where the bed is not molded in a movable substance.")
cnt(W6721,"A physical model wherein usually the vertical scale is enlarged for accuracy.")
cnt(W6726,"A physical phenomenon in which the movements of elements are random but the movement of the whole seems orderly, a result of the presence of exogenous boundaries. The process is quoted to exemplify an atomistic view of historical events.")
cnt(W6727,"A physical process whereby radiation causes a long chain of polymer molecules to break down into smaller ones.")
cnt(W6728,"A physical process, taking place under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, whereby radiation is used to initiate chemical reactions via radicals in polymer chains to form a three-dimensional network.")
cnt(W6730,"A physical quantity carried by particles that determines its participation in a given interaction. A particle having electric charge feels the electromagnetic interaction. One with color charge participates in the strong interaction.")
cnt(W6731,"A physical quantity with only magnitude.")
cnt(W6732,"A physical remediation technology for volatile contaminants, involving injection of air into soil and groundwater to accelerate vaporization of contaminants.")
cnt(W6733,"A physical resource flow originating from natural processes, e.g. sunlight, wind and ocean currents")
cnt(W6736,"A physical resource maintained by a natural resource flow, e.g. hydropower, agricultural crops and harvested forest.")
cnt(W6739,"A physical resource with natural origin")
cnt(W6742,"A physical restriction on the quantity of imports.")
cnt(W6744,"a physical structure (e.g. a membrane) that separates two spaces.")
cnt(W6745,"A physical, mental, or emotional condition that interferes with individuals' normal functioning; reduction in a person's capacity to fulfill a social role as a consequence of impairment, inadequate training for the role, or other circumstances.")
cnt(W6746,"a physically and/or logically interconnected set of hardware and software components capable of information processing.")
cnt(W6747,"A physiological change in neurons that is thought to underlie the neural processes involved in learning and memory.")
cnt(W6748,"A physiological state of plants preventing their premature germination, either on the plant or in soils with unfavorable (e.g. dry) conditions.")
cnt(W6749,"a physiological state of the bud preventing its growth despite environmental conditions favoring growth")
cnt(W6750,"A phytochemist that screens biodiversity for useful chemical compounds.")
cnt(W6751,"A phytogeographic zone consisting of tropical vegetation. When found in deserts, these are relict vegetations patches often occurring around springs.")
cnt(W6752,"A pidgin that has acquired native speakers. ")
cnt(W6755,"a piece of equipment in which hot gas or water passes through a heat exchanger and is used to boil water to produce steam; the steam is then used to turn a turbine to produce electrical power")
cnt(W6756,"A piece of former oceanic or back arc crust within an orogen.")
cnt(W6757,"A piece of information that enhances the ability to recover additional information from long-term memory.")
cnt(W6758,"A piece of living tissue taken from its normal situation to a culture medium.")
cnt(W6760,"A piece of software, or a software package, developed according to user requirements.")
cnt(W6761,"A piece of the lithosphere that moves as a relatively rigid, mechanical entity.")
cnt(W6763,"A piece or complex of apparatus serving to perform one particular function (also, ""component"").")
cnt(W6766,"A piece-wise linear surface (in 2D or 3D) defined by a set of polygons, typically triangles. Sometime called mesh.")
cnt(W6767,"A pioneer plant community that develops in water when the water’s depth is decreased for instance by lake infilling.")
cnt(W6768,"A pipe one or two sizes larger than the incoming sewer laid on a gradient steep enough to carry water at supercritical velocity. Useful for increasing wet well storage.")
cnt(W6769,"A pipe with several branches with each branch connected to the discharge pipe from a pump.")
cnt(W6770,"A piping system in which atmospheric pressure and the weight of the liquid minus its vapor pressure combine to ""lift"" the liquid over an obstacle.")
cnt(W6772,"A place for the breeding of animals and the rearing of the early life stages.")
cnt(W6773,"A place on Earth where the magnetic needle positions itself vertically.")
cnt(W6774,"A place on the border of south Bihar and Orissa.")
cnt(W6775,"A place or a situation of new beginning, entry, or transition. Each landscape, ecosystem, or society has its own thresholds of stability, and crossing these limits usually brings about abrupt change or crisis.")
cnt(W6776,"A place that does not exist in reality.")
cnt(W6777,"A place where a group of human beings make their homes to live and work, such as cities, towns, or villages.")
cnt(W6778,"A place where a person can have access to a computer, browse the Internet, send and receive electronic mails, send and receive faxes, and print and scan documents.")
cnt(W6779,"A place where a person can have access to payphone services as well as fax and photocopying services, a computer, and the Internet.")
cnt(W6780,"A place where land and land use rights are acquired or transferred. Land markets are very important in western countries with a free market economy where the number of transactions varies between a few thousands and 100 000 per annum.")
cnt(W6781,"A place where ore fallen from a higher level is collected and loaded into haul units.")
cnt(W6782,"a place where species have managed to survive during recent geological times.")
cnt(W6783,"A place where the local magnetic field is measured regularly.")
cnt(W6784,"A plain carbon steel lacking a principal alloying element and containing an average of .20 percent carbon. This grade of steel is used to define the corrosivity of hazardous waste.")
cnt(W6785,"A plain formed by fluvial processes.")
cnt(W6786,"a plan for controlling plant diseases by using a combination of disease management tools, such as disease avoidance, sanitation, fertility, cultivar resistance, disease-free seed, fungicides, seeding depth and other agronomic practices, and harvest management.")
cnt(W6788,"A plan for the management of the resources of an entire drainage basin of a river (or other body of water) and its tributaries. Typically, such a plan will be concerned with (1) the preservation, conservation, enhancement, and rehabilitation of natural heritage features; (2) the preservation and improvement of surface water and groundwater quality and quantity; (3) the promotion of environmentally sound land use practices; and (4) the enhancement of communications for resource management issues and solutions.")
cnt(W6789,"A plan of a river system in a drainage basin. Each pattern reflects geological structure, prevailing direction of a slope, etc.")
cnt(W6790,"A plan summing up the present state of archaeological knowledge in a region, and formulating questions to be answered during forthcoming projects.")
cnt(W6791,"A plan, strategy, or set of procedures that describes how decisions are made.")
cnt(W6793,"a planar or nearly planar bedding surface that visibly separates each successive layer of stratified rock (of the same or different lithology) from the preceding or following layer.")
cnt(W6794,"A planar zone in a medium over which the cohesive bonds of the material have been broken.")
cnt(W6795,"A planar zone of weakness, similar to a fault, but consisting of several parallel displacement zones usually over a greater width than a single fault.")
cnt(W6797,"A planet formed by the collision of planetesimals and destined to become terrestrial planets.")
cnt(W6798,"A planned new town development designed to provide a high-quality, low-density residential environment in a garden setting.")
cnt(W6799,"a planned schedule of treatments to meet some specific stand management objectives.")
cnt(W6800,"A planned, step-by-step method of reaching targeted audiences with specific messages designed to produce specific results by means of mass media communication channels and/or interpersonal communication channels")
cnt(W6801,"A planning document that lays out an institution’s mission, rationale, goals, ethos, and processes for achieving the goals.")
cnt(W6802,"A planning procedure by which a project is designed with several purposes (e.g., flood control, irrigation, etc.) in mind.")
cnt(W6803,"A planning procedure to increase the awareness of those involved in project planning, selection, and implementation of a wider variety of probable economic, environmental, and social impacts than might otherwise be the case.")
cnt(W6804,"A plant adapted to live in water or in waterlogged soil.")
cnt(W6805,"a plant at a high level of domestication. Such plants are grown for economical benefit in the agri- and horti-cultural area.")
cnt(W6806,"A plant belonging to a category of seed plants in which seeds (ovules) are borne free on any type of seed-bearing structure, not encapsulated in a gynoecium which matures to a fruit, as in angiosperms (flowering plants). All conifers are gymnosperms, for which terms such as flower and fruit, though often used by non-botanists, are incorrect.")
cnt(W6807,"A plant body (called ""thallophyte"" as the opposite of ""cormophyte"") where there is no true root, stem, leaf, or leaves.")
cnt(W6809,"A plant brought to a territory where it did not belong naturally after AD 1492 and gradually growing wild or domesticating there. ")
cnt(W6810,"A plant community formed and developed under natural conditions and composed very largely of perennial herbage (sometimes also small xeric dwarf-shrubs).")
cnt(W6811,"A plant community with a typical, homogeneous physiognomy, settled in environmentally uniform stations. Characteristic associations of plant species are therefore environmental indicators.")
cnt(W6812,"a plant completing its whole life cycle in one year.")
cnt(W6813,"A plant defense theory stating that evolutionary trade-offs between growth and defense are influenced by available resources.")
cnt(W6814,"A plant defense theory that suggests individual production of defensive compounds is influenced by the availability of resources such as water, nutrients and light.")
cnt(W6815,"A plant defense theory that suggests individual production of defensive compounds is influenced by tradeoffs between plant growth and differentiation. As with the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis, declines in resource availability are believed to inhibit growth before they affect photosynthesis.")
cnt(W6816,"A plant defense theory that suggests plants allocate defenses in a manner that maximizes individual fitness. The theory is concerned with tradeoffs between costs and benefits of allocating resources to defense and growth.")
cnt(W6817,"a plant ending its whole life cycle in two years.")
cnt(W6818,"A plant form that uses another plant, usually a tree, as a support system, but does not receive nutrients from it.")
cnt(W6819,"a plant group including the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Scientific names are Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta, but neither is very widely used. Both the English name and the scientific names refer to specialized tissue for conducting water. Non-vascular plants include mosses, algae, and the like.")
cnt(W6821,"A plant grown throughout the tropics for its edible starchy tuberous rootstocks.")
cnt(W6822,"a plant grown to be planted and used outside, in parks and gardens.")
cnt(W6823,"a plant grown with the aim of producing propagation materials (usually for vegetative propagation).")
cnt(W6824,"A plant having a root system consisting of morphologically and/or anatomically different types of roots.")
cnt(W6825,"A plant hormone. Many dwarf mutants are cured by the application of gibberelic acid.")
cnt(W6826,"A plant linked to cultivated environments.")
cnt(W6827,"A plant living in soil of an average amount of moisture.")
cnt(W6829,"a plant or a plant part producing flowers or which have reached the stage (or obtained the ability) to produce flowers.")
cnt(W6830,"A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum.")
cnt(W6832,"A plant or animal that lives upon or within another living organism at whose expense it obtains some advantage without compensation.")
cnt(W6834,"a plant pigment, that can be blue, violet, or red, composed of a glycosilated anthocyanidine.")
cnt(W6835,"A plant population evolving in nature without any human intervention.")
cnt(W6836,"A plant population responding positively to an ecological disturbance.")
cnt(W6837,"A plant population that can hardly survive in the long term without human action (such as seed harvest and keeping, planting, and so on).")
cnt(W6838,"A plant protein which is soluble only in the presence of dilute acid or alkali, chaotropic agents (e.g. urea) or detergents.")
cnt(W6841,"A plant that completes its life cycle in a single year or less.")
cnt(W6846,"a plant that grows more or less indefinitely from year to year and may produce seed more than once.")
cnt(W6849,"A plant that has been genetically engineered using gene-splicing technologies. A transgenic plant contains genetic material from at least one unrelated organism, such as bacteria, viruses, animals and other plants")
cnt(W6855,"A plant that lives for an indefinite numbers of years.")
cnt(W6857,"A plant that results from the crossing of the female of one variety with the male of another.")
cnt(W6858,"A plant thriving under intermediate environmental conditions of moderate moisture and temperature.")
cnt(W6863,"a plant which produces leaves and roots the first year and in the second year flowers and develops seed, then dies.")
cnt(W6865,"A plant, often woody, that is adapted to arid regions.")
cnt(W6866,"A plantation comprised of a single species.")
cnt(W6867,"A plant-feeding organism.")
cnt(W6869,"A plastic hardening and bonding product consisting of two components that when mixed result in a strong bond after setting.")
cnt(W6871,"A plastid containing chlorophyll being the seat of photosynthesis and starch formation.")
cnt(W6872,"A plate boundary force exerted on the overriding plate active margin by the underthrust lower plate.")
cnt(W6873,"A plate driving force that arises from the negative buoyancy of the dense oceanic slab sinking into the mantle.")
cnt(W6874,"A plate driving force that pushes two oceanic plates away from a mid-oceanic ridge.")
cnt(W6875,"A plate tectonic process in which one lithospheric plate descends beneath another into the asthenosphere during a collision at a convergent plate margin. Because of the relatively higher density of oceanic lithosphere, it will typically descend beneath the lighter continental lithosphere during a collision. In a collision of plates of continental lithosphere, the density of the two plates is so similar that neither tends to be subducted and orogens form.")
cnt(W6876,"A plate that separates one cell from the adjacent cell in a bipolar type electrolyzer. Each surface of the plate functions differently, namely anode and cathode.")
cnt(W6878,"A plateau characterized by an undulating terrain, rich in forest and mineral resources. It is also marked out as a unique cultural configuration comprising of more than thirty tribal groups. It covers parts of central and eastern India.")
cnt(W6879,"a platform for people’s movements for people’s rights to natural resources and to decentralised decision-making. Literally translated as the ""Indian People’s Movement,"" it is an umbrella organization under which tribal and other radical groups have united.")
cnt(W6880,"A platform that allows individuals to communicate with one another through the posting of messages and files that is analogous to a bulletin board. Before the growth of the Internet, a BBS consisted of a host computer accessible by dial-up modems and maintained by a system operator. Increasingly, BBSs have been integrated as features on web sites.")
cnt(W6882,"A plausible description of how the future may develop, based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about key relationships and driving forces (e.g., rate of technology changes, prices). Note that scenarios are neither predictions nor forecasts.")
cnt(W6884,"A player able to organize changes in the pay-off structure or rules of the game.")
cnt(W6885,"A player in a game (e.g., a country in an international negotiation) is said to free ride if it takes advantage of other players *cooperative behaviour, but herself does *not cooperate with others.")
cnt(W6887,"A player’s position is a future it is proposing that all should agree to implement.")
cnt(W6888,"A playing quality measure considered as the force acting at the point of contact between the ball and the surface, whose direction is opposite to that of motion, and thus decelerates the ball.")
cnt(W6889,"A playing quality measure consisting of the standard deviation of closely spaced elevation measurements. Measurement spacing ranges from 200 to 50 mm depending on the sport in question.")
cnt(W6890,"A playing quality measure determined by dividing the height to which a ball bounces by the height from which it was dropped to the surface in question.")
cnt(W6891,"A playing quality measure expressed as the ratio of the applied force to the amount of deflection of the surface.")
cnt(W6892,"A playing quality measure expressed as the ratio of the energy returned to the player after contacting the surface as a proportion of the energy applied.")
cnt(W6893,"A playing quality measure that influences the player’s ability to make necessary movements without excessive slipping or falling. Friction applies to a player who wears smooth-soled footwear.")
cnt(W6894,"A playing quality measure that influences the player’s ability to make necessary movements without excessive slipping or falling. Traction applies to a player who wears footwear having studs or cleats.")
cnt(W6896,"A plot of the estimated survival function over time.")
cnt(W6898,"A plot that compares cumulative probabilities for two distributions.")
cnt(W6899,"A plot that compares quantiles for two distributions.")
cnt(W6900,"A plug flow reactor is a ideal tubular reactor.")
cnt(W6902,"A plutonic rock with composition intermediate between granite and gabbro; the intrusive equivalent of andesite.")
cnt(W6904,"A pneumatic conveying system characterised by high gas velocities, (> 20m/sec), low solids concentrations, (< 1% by volume), and low pressure drops per unit length of conveying line. (typically < 5 mbar/m).")
cnt(W6905,"A pneumatic conveying system characterised by low gas velocities, (1 – 5 m/sec), high solids concentrations, (30 % by volume), and high pressure drop per unit length of pipe, (typically > 20 mbar/m).")
cnt(W6907,"a point at which the dynamical system remains at rest")
cnt(W6909,"A point in the criteria (objective) space, composed of the best values of all criteria.")
cnt(W6910,"A point in the criteria (objective) space, composed of the worst values (from the Pareto-set) of all criteria.")
cnt(W6911,"A point in the food system/process where a loss of control can result in an unacceptable risk to the consumer (food safety issue in HACCP) or an unacceptable product quality (color, defect, fill of container, etc.) in the food quality system (Quality Analysis CCP) for the producer and consumer. Safety and quality CCPs may or may not be at the same location in the food system.")
cnt(W6912,"a point in the model structure where a change in a parameter leads to major changes in simulation results")
cnt(W6913,"A point of entry/exit of material or fluid relative to the flow field.")
cnt(W6914,"A point of origin, of attention, and of perception. It arises from the ambiguity of One/knowing.")
cnt(W6915,"A point of view based on a combination of concepts and methods from several disciplines, such that by cross-fertilization new explanatory theories and approaches are formulated and applied. Rather than being an end in itself transdisciplinarity is a way of achieving innovative goals, enriched understanding, and a synergy of new methods.")
cnt(W6916,"A point that can be used to represent a polygon, usually placed at its center of gravity.")
cnt(W6920,"A pointlike current element, with a position and direction, is a current dipole. Thousands of parallel currents through neighboring neurons are needed to form a current dipole which is sufficiently strong to be detected by MEG.")
cnt(W6921,"A point-to-point serial communication bus.")
cnt(W6925,"A poisonous compound that has been isolated from a globefish and that blocks nerve conduction.")
cnt(W6928,"A polar orbital satellite rotates around the earth at a low altitude in nearly polar orbits:  it passes over the same portion of the earth surface twice in one day, usually in the morning and then again at night.")
cnt(W6929,"A poleward acceleration force due to a poleward increase of the Coriolis force.")
cnt(W6931,"a policy by which a nation maintains or extends its control over foreign lands and peoples")
cnt(W6932,"A policy by which a State or an international body both directs and controls economic affairs.")
cnt(W6933,"A policy by which low-income families, many of whom live in inadequate housing in racially segregated, high-poverty communities, may relocate to more affluent and racially integrated neighborhoods using rental subsidies.")
cnt(W6935,"A policy regime adopted by the 15-member countries of the European Union.")
cnt(W6937,"A policy target and strategy are said to be efficient or *Pareto optimal if they together maximize the sum total of individual *welfare.")
cnt(W6939,"A policy that is followed when not all the Pareto-optimum conditions are satisfied.")
cnt(W6940,"A policy tool which ranks waste management options in order of sustainability (with waste reduction and the top and disposal by landfill or incineration at the bottom).")
cnt(W6941,"A polished and grooved surface produced by mass sliding during expansion of clay mass in Vertisols.")
cnt(W6945,"A Political co-operative organization consisting of many of the African states playing an important role in mediating differences and conflicts between African states, thereby managing many regional issues.")
cnt(W6946,"a political elite's displacement of conflict from the intrasocietal level to the extrasocietal level in order to remain in power")
cnt(W6947,"a political entity with a well-define territory with a permanent population that submits to a government capable of exercising sovereignty")
cnt(W6948,"A political party system in which one party continuously dominates the legislature or government leadership over a long period.")
cnt(W6950,"A political process and movement whose objective is secession of part of the state territory settled by a particular social (ethnic, confessional, etc.) group.")
cnt(W6951,"A political process involving the acceptance and participation of all people in social processes.")
cnt(W6952,"a political target to be reached to avoid damage to health or environment.")
cnt(W6953,"A political unit consisting of an autonomous state inhabited especially by a largely homogeneous people.")
cnt(W6954,"a pollution abatement technology which removes particulates from a gas stream using a high-voltage electric current")
cnt(W6955,"A pollution charge that is equal to the financial cost of the marginal pollution damage at the optimal level of pollution.")
cnt(W6956,"A pollution preventative assessment to current and future industrial production of enterprises, that is to find the part where waste is produced, analyze the reason and put forward options to reduce or remove the waste.")
cnt(W6957,"A polygonized curve with n vertices.")
cnt(W6958,"A polyhedron that has four faces. A Si-tetrahedron consists of 4 apical oxygens coordinated around one Si occupying the center of the tetrahedron.")
cnt(W6959,"A polymer composed of different repeating units, organized randomly or blockwise.")
cnt(W6960,"A polymer composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose (e.g. wood)")
cnt(W6961,"A polymer composed of molecules containing only two, three, or some other small number of mers.")
cnt(W6962,"A polymer consisting of a backbone of cellulose bearing side chains of covalently linked synthetic polymers.")
cnt(W6965,"a polymer in which the chains are bonded weakly such that remolding can take place")
cnt(W6966,"A polymer is 'compostable' when it is biodegradable under composting conditions. The polymer must meet the following criteria * Break down under the action of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, algae). * Total mineralization is obtained (conversion into CO2, H2O, inorganic compounds and biomass under aerobic conditions). * The mineralization rate is high and is compatible with the composting process. * The degree of degradability of the material shall be measured under controlled composting conditions as per ASTM D 5338-92. Those materials having a degree of biodegradation equivalent to that of cellulose (maximum permissible tolerance of 5%) will be considered to meet the compostability criteria.")
cnt(W6967,"A polymer made from a single monomer.")
cnt(W6970,"A polymer secreted by a microorganism to, or produced in, the surrounding medium. Exopolymers are usually complex polysaccharides.")
cnt(W6971,"A polymeric sheet used to prevent migration of contaminants.")
cnt(W6972,"A polymorphic locus that influences a quantitative trait")
cnt(W6973,"A polynomial-time algorithm transforming instances of one problem to instances of another problem.")
cnt(W6974,"a polynucleotide that contains deoxyribose sugar.")
cnt(W6975,"A polysaccharide composed from galacturonic acid units; a constituent of fruits and vegetables contributing to their mechanical strength. It may be obtained e.g.from citrus fruits, apples, sugar beet etc. When combined with acid and sugar forms a gel. Pectin preparations are used as gelifiers or additives in production of jellies, jams and other food products. ")
cnt(W6976,"a pond with brackish or alkaline water, usually without plants on the surface.")
cnt(W6979,"a pool or lake filled by a permanent inflow of groundwater.")
cnt(W6981,"A popular bus used to connect disk drives")
cnt(W6982,"A popular interface for peripheral devices in high-end computer systems")
cnt(W6983,"A popular method of speech synthesis, generating automatically synthetic speech from written input for individual languages.")
cnt(W6984,"A popular model for analyzing survival data.  It produces robust estimates of regression coefficients.")
cnt(W6985,"A popular movement in the business world that treats knowledge production as a necessary evil—the more necessary, the more evil. Universities are routinely regarded as ""dumb organizations"" in this literature.")
cnt(W6986,"A popular vote to cancel the results of a previous election, ending the term of an elected official before the legal termination date. Recall is used in cases of egregiously bad (immoral, unethical, or incompetent) behavior or behavior not approved by the citizenry. Recall is not necessary in parliamentary systems, where there are other mechanisms for cutting terms short.")
cnt(W6989,"A population in southwestern Madagascar whose economy includes foraging as well as maize and manioc horticulture, wage labor, and domesticated animals.")
cnt(W6990,"A population is in overshoot when it exceeds available carrying capacity. It may survive temporarily but will eventually crash as it depletes vital natural capital (resource) stocks. A population in overshoot may permanently impair the long-term productive potential of its habitat, reducing future carrying capacity.")
cnt(W6992,"A population of a species that has characteristics that makes them different from other populations in that species. Individuals of the population will produce offspring that are recognizable as members of that population. Breeds can further be subdivided into varieties based on differences within the breed")
cnt(W6996,"A population of interest in which births, deaths, immigration and emigration occur during the period of study.")
cnt(W6997,"A population of objects which is not subject to births, deaths, immigration or emigration during the period of study.")
cnt(W6999,"A population of plants, typically genetically heterogeneous, commonly developed in traditional agriculture from many years—even centuries—of farmer-directed selection, and that is specifically adapted to local conditions.")
cnt(W7000,"A population of several biotypes forming a more or less distinct regional facies of a species.")
cnt(W7002,"A population with a relatively high proportion of children, adolescents, and young adults; a low median age, and thus a high growth potential.")
cnt(W7003,"A population with a relatively high proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons, a high median age, and thus a lower growth potential.")
cnt(W7004,"A porous carbon solid which has a large surface area. When used for hydrogen storage, hydrogen is physically adsorbed into the pores.")
cnt(W7005,"A porous drainage pipe surrounded by gravel and sand for underground disposal of liquid effluent")
cnt(W7008,"A porous rock whose interstices are occupied by a fluid of interest, such as oil and/or gas, or steam.")
cnt(W7009,"A porous structure used as a breathing organ on the roots of certain tropical plants; typical for a mangrove vegetation.")
cnt(W7010,"A porous water-bearing bed or stratum of permeable sand, gravel, or rock, capable of yielding a continuous supply of water.")
cnt(W7011,"A port administration that administrates the performance of all activities carried out within the port area.")
cnt(W7012,"A port authority that assumes direct and undivided responsibility for financial and operational performance of the fishing port within the framework of clearly defined port functions.")
cnt(W7013,"A port authority that assumes direct and undivided responsibility for performing all, or almost all, activities carried out within the port area as ""nucleus"" for fisheries development. In addition, the port authority assumes responsibility for performance of defined tasks for fisheries sector developments within the ""plasma"" area.")
cnt(W7014,"A port authority that assumes direct responsibilities for performing defined port functions and activities carried out within the port area but under administrative supervision of fisheries departments or other owning agencies.")
cnt(W7015,"A port authority that plans and manages the use of the port area, leaving performance and investments in as many port activities as possible to private sector operators and investors.")
cnt(W7016,"A portion of a microprocessor system that is used to transform input and/or output information into a form that is compatible with the microprocessor.")
cnt(W7017,"A portion of a TAC (Total Allowable Catch) allocated to a fishery.")
cnt(W7019,"A portion of material that is taken for testing. The word “sample” is a term with numerous meanings. The scientist collecting physical samples or analyzing samples considers a sample to be that unit of the population collected and placed in a container. A statistician considers a sample to be a subset of the population and this subset may consist of one or more physical samples. To minimize confusion the term “physical sample” is a reference to the sample held in a sample container or that portion of the population that is subjected to in-situ measurements.")
cnt(W7020,"A portion of space delimited by an imaginary surface that constitutes the assumed physical boundary of the system under study.")
cnt(W7022,"A portion of space, occupied by a solid phase and a void space, for which an REV can be defined.")
cnt(W7023,"A portion of the amount traded (e.g. 20%) that cannot be discharged; instead, it is 'banked' or reserved, resulting in an immediate environmental improvement.")
cnt(W7024,"a portion of the continental area with similar physiogeographic conditions, and economic level in the countries located in this region, and the extent of river runoff usage.")
cnt(W7025,"A portion of the Earth’s crust that contains rocks of similar ages and deformations.")
cnt(W7026,"A portion of the electromagnetic spectrum generated by the sun, with wavelengths shorter than visible light, and commonly split into three bands:UVA (not absorbed by ozone), UVB (mostly absorbed by ozone), and UVC (completely absorbed by ozone and normal oxygen).")
cnt(W7027,"a portion of the Environment around the System under consideration large enough that its state properties may be considered unaffected by the presence of the System.")
cnt(W7031,"A Portuguese term denoting a drowned valley-type river mouth or bay-inlet.")
cnt(W7033,"a position or element in relation to which others are determined")
cnt(W7034,"A position that seeks to recognize the complementary strengths of different theories, methods, and tendencies.")
cnt(W7035,"a positive accumulation of chemicals from the environment into an organism")
cnt(W7036,"a positive feedback loop with implications as to how the loop promotes various system’s properties.")
cnt(W7037,"A positive interaction among organisms caused by differences among species in their resource use. This allows mixed communities to obtain more resources than any species by itself.")
cnt(W7038,"A positive ion attracted by the cathode.")
cnt(W7045,"A positively charged ion held on or near the surface of a solid particle by a negative surface charge and which can be replaced by other positively charged ions in the soil solution.")
cnt(W7047,"A positively charged particle (a Helium-4 nucleus) made up of two neutrons and two protons. It is the least penetrating of the three common forms of radiation, being stopped by a sheet of paper. It is not dangerous to living things unless the alpha-emitting substance is inhaled or ingested")
cnt(W7050,"A positively charged particle that can be found in the nucleus of an atom.")
cnt(W7052,"A possibility of development of mudflows in some region characterized by typical features of the mudflow activity, mainly the presence of mudflow basins.")
cnt(W7053,"A possible decision to be made by the decision maker.")
cnt(W7057,"A post-tensioned element consisting of a steel bar with bearing plate anchored in rock to support a rock mass or wedge for the purpose of preventing local rock movements.")
cnt(W7058,"a postulate which holds that determining factors in nature are wholes which are irreducible to the sum of their parts in as much as the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.")
cnt(W7059,"A pot is a type of trap. It is designed in the form of cages or baskets made from various materials (wood, wicker, metal rods, wire netting, plastic etc.) They might have one or more openings or entrances. They are usually set on the bottom, mostly with bait, singly or in strings connected to a line.")
cnt(W7060,"A potassium-rich mica.")
cnt(W7062,"A potential energy storage device. Electrical batteries have fixed potential difference across terminals, but a finite total charge. As the charge is diminished by use, the current available from the battery will also diminish.")
cnt(W7063,"A potentiality that characterizes each human being, which manifests itself in the invention of new social practices, be they products, services, or trends.")
cnt(W7064,"A potentially advantageous method of storing water underground in times of water surplus to meet demand in times of shortage.")
cnt(W7066,"A poverty county identified by central and local government can always receive financial assistance or subsidies and other priorities from governments.")
cnt(W7067,"A poverty profile pictures the poverty situation of individuals and households over a longer time period.")
cnt(W7068,"a poverty relief plan which was formulated in 1993. The main implications of the plan are to solve the poverty problem of 80 million poverty-stricken people in 7 years (1993~2000), and to eliminate absolute poverty of this 80 million people by increasing human, physical and monetary inputs to poverty areas.")
cnt(W7069,"A power electronics-based waveform synthesis device that combines a converter shunt connected controller with a series connected controller. The resulting controller is capable of injecting a series voltage source of variable magnitude and angle by circulating real power through the shunt controller. The shunt controller also provides the ability to regulate bus voltage. The UPFC can be used for instantaneous control of real and/or reactive power flow on a transmission system, regulating bus voltages, improving transient stability, or providing oscillation damping.")
cnt(W7070,"A power electronics-based waveform synthesis device that is series connected directly into the primary distribution circuit by means of a set of series-connected single- phase injection transformers. The principle function of the static series compensator is to inject or absorb real power during a short-duration change in the primary feeder voltage. These devices may be coupled with energy storage capability. Its controller may also have the capability of injecting higher than fundamental frequency voltage vectors into the distribution circuit to perform active filtering (mitigation) of voltage harmonics.")
cnt(W7071,"A power electronics-based waveform synthesis device that is series connected directly into the primary distribution circuit by means of a set of series-connected single- phase injection transformers. The principle function of the static series compensator is to inject a capacitive voltage in series with the line to make the transmission line appear electrically shorter to improve power flow capability. The injection can also appear inductive to make the line appear electrically longer to damp oscillations and reduce fault currents.")
cnt(W7072,"A power electronics-based waveform synthesis device that is shunt connected through a standard (or specially designed) two- (or more) winding transformer to the transmission or distribution circuit for the purpose of instantaneous voltage regulation, power factor correction, and reactive power control")
cnt(W7073,"A power generating facility that is normally operated around the clock to meet the base load.")
cnt(W7074,"A power generation system where the solar energy is converted to heat and then to electricity through a conventional thermodynamic cycle")
cnt(W7076,"A power, voltage-controlled semiconductor device combining advantages of power BJTs with those of power MOSFETs, capable of higher switching frequencies in pulse-width modulation waveform synthesis")
cnt(W7077,"A powerful generator of centimeter electromagnetic waves:  its operation depends on stopping electrons in crossed electric and magnetic fields.")
cnt(W7078,"a powerful HRD process in which the individual and/or team reflects and takes action simultaneously. Useful in solving complex community-based, organizational, team and/or individual problems. Also utilized to build teams, learning organizations, and leaders.")
cnt(W7079,"A power-law fluid in which the value of the parameter n is lower than 1. Fluid is also known as shear thinning fluid.")
cnt(W7080,"A poxvirus that causes cowpox and is used as a live vaccine vector for smallpox.")
cnt(W7081,"A practical philosophy that advocates holism in cognition and in decisionmaking. This philosophy is grounded on the arts, natural and behavioral sciences, and engineering and is supported by a complement of modeling methodologies, optimization and simulation techniques, data management procedures, and decisionmaking approaches.")
cnt(W7082,"A practice among precolonial African societies in which people exchanged their labor and worked in turn for one another without explicit pecuniary remuneration.")
cnt(W7083,"A practice by which all educational activities are assessed in their detail as well as for their overall effectiveness and impact. Program evaluation is an essential tool of curriculum development.")
cnt(W7084,"A practice of decision-making in which priority is accorded to the will of the majority; unlike consociational democracy, majoritarian system implies insensitivity towards minorities and small groups.")
cnt(W7085,"A practice which provides an alternative combination of resource use, conservation practices and management methods which result in the opportunity for reasonable economic return within acceptable environmental standards. Generally these practices are at least profit-neutral and reduce pollution or other forms of environmental degradation.")
cnt(W7086,"A Precambrian sequence composed mainly of metamorphosed basaltic volcanic rocks associated with sedimentary rocks.")
cnt(W7087,"A precolonial society in which all the major resources were communally owned and distributed equitably among its members.")
cnt(W7088,"a pre-combustion enriching (of coal) with useful components.")
cnt(W7090,"A predator at the second level of a food web.")
cnt(W7091,"A predator at the top of the food web.")
cnt(W7092,"A predator that creates a (feeding) current to entrain and transport food items into its capture area, removing them from the suspension.")
cnt(W7093,"A predator that perceives, attacks and seizes individual prey.")
cnt(W7095,"A pre-defined region in a flow field for the purpose of analyzing continuity and conservation of volume, mass, momentum and energy.")
cnt(W7096,"A prediction model for wave height variations, as the waves propagate in the shallow water; the formula is based on the conservation of energy flux in the wave propagation direction.")
cnt(W7099,"A prefecture contiguous to Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture. A mountainous area, its inland climate causes a great temperature difference. Agriculture represented by fruit cultivation serves as its main industry. Population is 890,000 (1999).")
cnt(W7101,"A preference vector represents a decision maker’s ordinal preferences over all the possible states in a conflict. States in a preference vector are ranked from most to least preferred where ties are allowed.")
cnt(W7102,"a prehistoric human settlement, as an artificial hill built mostly with shells.")
cnt(W7103,"A pre-ignition of fuel-air mixtures; particularly severe with hydrogen due to its wide flammability limits and low ignition energy requirement.")
cnt(W7104,"A preliminary investigation designed to obtain information for planning an optimum routine survey. Orientation surveys are necessary in areas where there is little knowledge of the bedrock geology, surficial deposits or the geochemistry of the area.")
cnt(W7106,"A preparation capable of inducing protective immunity following injection or oral administration.")
cnt(W7107,"A preponderance of meteors appearing to emanate from the same direction (called the ‘radiant point’). A meteor shower is due to the intersection by the Earth of the path of a meteoroid stream. Typically meteor showers last from a couple of days to a week. Meteor storms occur when we pass through an especially dense section of a stream. Such storms last for only minutes to hours.")
cnt(W7108,"a prerequisite of the HACCP plan that aims to prevent adulteration of food within a food processing environment. For example, a plant must protect against cross-contamination of foods by allergens.")
cnt(W7109,"A prescribed level of atmospheric pollution for a certain compound during a specific time in a specific geographical area.")
cnt(W7111,"A prescriptive set of standards of behavior for the practice of psychology, determined by a psychological association or statutory body.")
cnt(W7112,"A presence and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms within a host.")
cnt(W7113,"A preservation process in which food or other materials are exposed to gamma rays from radioactive isotopes or to accelerated electrons in electron beams. Bacteria are killed and enzymes deactivated, but the material does not become radioactive or otherwise change in any significant way.")
cnt(W7115,"A pressure cable consisting of a set of insulated conductors drawn into a rigid pipe, generally of steel, which has been previously placed in position.")
cnt(W7116,"A pressure cable in which the pressure medium employed is oil and which is designed to facilitate the free movement of the low-viscosity oil inside the cable.")
cnt(W7117,"A pressure conduit, usually made of high-tensile strength steel (for conveying water from a source to a turbine).")
cnt(W7119,"A pressure of hydrogen under an equilibrium state in metal-hydrogen reaction when hydrogen is desorbed.")
cnt(W7120,"a pressure of hydrogen under an equilibrium state when hydrogen is desorbed.")
cnt(W7121,"A pretreatment for promotion reaction for absorption/desorption of hydrogen to alloy.")
cnt(W7122,"A pretreatment for promotion reaction for absorption/desorption of hydrogen to alloy.")
cnt(W7123,"A pre-treatment process to crush and grind coal, and then to separate mineral-rich parts. A physical approach called physical cleaning or beneficiation is used commercially.")
cnt(W7124,"A price is randomly selected from a range including the true value. A trader chooses a price limit, buying/selling at all prices below/above this limit. Thus it is the only undominated strategy to bid one’s true value.")
cnt(W7125,"A price level at which government agencies are obliged to purchase products offered to them by producers.")
cnt(W7126,"A price level at which market price is not allowed to fall under through government intervention (e.g., purchase for stocking purposes or encouraging more exports).")
cnt(W7127,"A price level at which market price is not allowed to pass, through government intervention (e.g., release of stocks or allowing more imports).")
cnt(W7128,"a pricing system for energy that provides direct incentives to consumers using fewer resources. The basic fixed price is dropped requiring consumers with low energy consumption to pay less on a linear price scale per kWh. Electricity meters in households and small industries are replaced by more sophisticated devices that can monitor daily consumption during three different time periods with a considerable price difference between the ""low demand time"" at 0, 06 EURO/kWh and ""peak demand time"" at 0, 24 EURO/kWh.")
cnt(W7129,"A pricing system in which the seller tries to discreetly identify demand characteristics of customers in order to increase total revenue. A good example of this is the well-known ""Saturday night stayover"" rule used to identify business vs. leisure customers in the airline industry. Since business customers tend to value their time more than leisure customers, they are willing to pay more than leisure customers to avoid staying over on the weekend. Using this logic, customers who purchases tickets without a Saturday night stay at the destination are charged substantially more than customers whose trips include a Saturday night stay at the destination.")
cnt(W7132,"A primary package material such as paper or metal film layered with plastic film.")
cnt(W7133,"a primary protein of silk from silkworms")
cnt(W7134,"A primary technique for groundwater and soil remediation. Groundwater is pumped to the surface through one or more pumping wells before contaminants in water are removed by a variety of treatment methods.")
cnt(W7135,"a primitive fungal fruitbody, which has no predefined opening.")
cnt(W7136,"A primitive type of swimbladder in which the connection to the stomach, the pneumatic duct, exists throughout the life of the fish.")
cnt(W7137,"A primitive, single-celled organism that lacks a wall around the nucleus and reproduces by simple binary fission; present already in the Archean.")
cnt(W7138,"a principal of mutual exclusivity required in case of non-sharable resources.")
cnt(W7139,"a principal philosophy and system of religion of China based on the teachings of Confucius in the 6th century BCE.")
cnt(W7140,"a principal philosophy and system of religion of China based on the teachings of Lao-tzu in the 6th century BCE.")
cnt(W7142,"A principle of environmental policy which maintains that lack of scientific certainty should not be used as a reason not to implement or to postpone environmental protection measures when there is a threat of serious or irreversible damage.")
cnt(W7143,"A principle of equity distilling an obligation of fairness or right conduct into a principle that determines liability, a defense against liability, procedure, or remedy.")
cnt(W7144,"A principle of sustainable development which requires that socioeconomic development shall not jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs.")
cnt(W7146,"A principle or practice of election in which parties should be represented and given their seas in an assembly or parliament in direct proportion to their percentage of votes")
cnt(W7147,"A principle that moves beyond multi-species fisheries management and sustainable coastal ecosystem management to include coordination of the full array of natural and human multiple uses of the coastal zone.")
cnt(W7148,"a principle that states that certain complex systems acquire a state of maximum entropy under given conditions.")
cnt(W7150,"A prism of deformed, thrust-floored crustal rocks, which propagates foreland-ward by incorporating the footwall rock complexes in collisional orogens.")
cnt(W7152,"A private good is owned by a single person, firm or private entity, having the sole discretion to make decisions about its provision, production, use and consumption. A private good therefore differs from a common pool resource, where such decisions are taken by a community or group of persons, and from a public good, where such decisions are taken by the government on behalf of society as a whole. Examples of private goods are commodities, including bottled mineral water.")
cnt(W7153,"A privy equipped with a cistern kept full of water via a ball valve or similar automatic closing valve supplied from a water mains. The flushing action is controlled by a lever or chain")
cnt(W7154,"A proactive environmental strategy typical of those firms which do not merely try to foresee and react to environmental pressures, but also try to influence the evolution of regulation, market demand and social perception in an environmentally-conscious way (active lobbying).")
cnt(W7156,"A probabilistic or statistical characteristics of the item’s reliability usually considered as a time function.")
cnt(W7157,"A probabilistic specification of the underlying mechanism that data arise.")
cnt(W7158,"A probability assessment where every random event is characterized by lower probability and upper probability.")
cnt(W7159,"A probability density function or a synonym for intensity.")
cnt(W7160,"a probability distribution defined on all the possible subsets of a given population.")
cnt(W7162,"A probability distribution is called discrete if the range of the random variable in question is countable.")
cnt(W7163,"A probability measure (vector) defined on the (finite) set of pure strategies.")
cnt(W7164,"A probability of occurrence of ground shaking in a given time period associated with the recurrence of earthquakes. The assessment of seismic hazard is the first step in the evaluation of seismic risk.")
cnt(W7165,"A probability sample in which every population unit has the same probability of being included in the sample.")
cnt(W7167,"a probit, or probability unit, is obtained by modifying the standard variance of the standardized normal distribution by the addition of a constant value of 5 (to avoid negative numbers). Converting a cumulative percent response to probits followed by plotting it against concentration or dose can provide useful information about the distribution of the response and estimates of the L(E)D50 of L(E)C50 values. This transformation is used for the analysis of dose-response data.")
cnt(W7168,"A problem arises out of a problem situation when actors became aware of a discrepancy between their interests and the conditions of their action. A problem is a discursive expression of a problem situation.")
cnt(W7169,"A problem class for, which there is no known algorithm that can solve any member in polynomial time.")
cnt(W7170,"A problem for which computation of a solution cannot be completed in polynomial time. The time required to obtain exact solutions to such problems usually increases exponentially as the size of the problem increases.")
cnt(W7171,"A problem for which the output is ''yes'' or ''no''.")
cnt(W7172,"A problem for which there is no algorithmic solution.")
cnt(W7174,"A problem in a health economy where input prices rise faster than productivity.")
cnt(W7176,"A problem interfacing more than one discipline of knowledge.")
cnt(W7177,"A problem is polynomially solvable if an efficient algorithm exists where the number of steps is polynomially bounded in the input length of the problem.")
cnt(W7179,"A problem situation has to be reinterpreted as deficit in information or knowledge within the frame of reference of a science. Research problems are determined by the already-available knowledge and the applicable methods, and have to be focused as questions for unknown knowledge.")
cnt(W7180,"A problem that belongs to the class C and has the property that every problem in C can be reduced to it via a suitable many-one reduction.")
cnt(W7181,"A problem that can be described in terms of numerical variables, possesses a univocally and well-defined objective function, and admits of an algorithmic routine for its solution.")
cnt(W7183,"A problem that can be solved using an algorithm (also called decidable problem).")
cnt(W7184,"A problem that can be solved using an algorithm (also called solvable problem).")
cnt(W7185,"A problem that has solution for all initial data, this solution is unique and depends on the initial data continuously.")
cnt(W7186,"a problem that involves the determination of a function that provides an extremum of a functional J(u).")
cnt(W7187,"A problem that is as hard as any other NP problems.  Technically, a problem in NP to which all NP problems are polynomial-time reducible.")
cnt(W7188,"A problem that is harder than any other NP problems.  Technically, a problem to which all NP problems are polynomial-time reducible.")
cnt(W7189,"A problem that is not well posed.")
cnt(W7191,"A problem that is not well structured.")
cnt(W7192,"A problem that is not well-posed.")
cnt(W7193,"A problem that requires the engineer to design (i.e., to define and compute the physical configuration of) a device or a plant given the design objective (the required output) and an objective function (usually, efficiency or unit production cost) .")
cnt(W7195,"A problem that requires the engineer to find the ""best"" solution (usually, highest possible efficiency and/or minimum production cost) to attain a specified design objective (the required output) for a given process configuration.")
cnt(W7197,"A problem when we have to determine the cause if effect is given.")
cnt(W7198,"A problem when we have to determine the effect if the cause is given.")
cnt(W7200,"A problematic dichotomy which categorizes all knowledge production either as guided by purely internal scientific goals and problems and structured by scientific disciplines or as transdisciplinary and aiming at an externally—by its symbiotic integration in an application context—defined ""practical"" problem (cf. postacademic science).")
cnt(W7202,"a procedural approach to studying international negotiation that stresses the limits of a negotiator’s rational choice, including perception and other psychological factors")
cnt(W7204,"A procedure by which evidence is tracked by means of sign-in and sign-out protocol that documents all personnel and agencies that have had possession of that evidence since its initial collection. Documentation further notes conditions/circumstances of evidence transfer and the state of the evidence at the transfer.")
cnt(W7205,"A procedure coupling mathematical modeling with expert methods of composing scenarios for future controlled or uncontrolled actions directed to a complex system.")
cnt(W7207,"A procedure for deciding whether a set of observed data is consistent with a proposed model for its generation.")
cnt(W7208,"A procedure for estimating the parameters of a mathematical model (called model calibration) and subsequently carrying out analyses based on the calibrated model. Sensitivity analyses and interpretation of the analytical results are usually considered as part of the method. Sometimes the word model is used when referring to a method (model calibration plus analysis). Finally, a decision support system allows a method or set of methods to be conveniently applied to practical problems.")
cnt(W7210,"A procedure for inspecting or testing materials, products and structures by means that do not affect their quality or serviceability. The most important purpose of nondestructive testing is to detect and measure structural defects.")
cnt(W7211,"A procedure for removing detours in natural deductions; a detour occurs when a formula is introduced and at the next step eliminated (namely, when it occurs as main premise of an elimination rule).")
cnt(W7212,"A procedure in which the mobile phase is continuously passed through the chromatographic bed and the sample is fed into the system.")
cnt(W7213,"A procedure in which total right atrial or total caval blood flow is channeled directly into the pulmonary artery or into a small right ventricle that serves only as a conduit.")
cnt(W7214,"A procedure in which we alternate the choice of individual trials to be put in the design, and the estimation of parameters.")
cnt(W7215,"a procedure in which weeds are allowed to sprout and are then killed without soil disturbance before planting.")
cnt(W7216,"A procedure involving the detection of structural defects by nondestructive testing and the determination of their effects on the quality and serviceability of the material, product or structure. The term is also used loosely as a synonym for nondestructive testing.")
cnt(W7217,"A procedure of bringing all future costs and benefits to a present value by the technique of discounting.")
cnt(W7218,"a procedure proposed by Szargut in the early eighties to compute the ""exergy content"" of a commodity by tracking all of the exergetic inputs and outputs of its production cycle.")
cnt(W7219,"a procedure recently proposed to include in the exergetic content of a commodity the so-called non-energetic externalities"", i.e. Capital, Labor and Environmental Remediation Costs.")
cnt(W7220,"A procedure that involves inseminating sterile fish eggs with viable spermatozoa and subjecting them to pressure shock. This method yields diploid cells, thus enabling the conservation of female as well as male genomes.")
cnt(W7222,"A procedure to be followed that takes care of all essential actions required to realize a specific goal, including making ample allowance for unforeseen circumstances such as adverse weather conditions.")
cnt(W7224,"a procedure to determine the relative importance of criteria that describe the performance of alternatives in a decision. The procedure involves a person stating how much achievement in terms of one criterion she or he is willing to forego in exchange for a given improvement in another objective.")
cnt(W7225,"A procedure to specify how to collect the data.")
cnt(W7226,"a procedure used for the differentiation of bacteria. It is used routinely as the initial step in examination of bacteria.")
cnt(W7227,"a procedure used in solid phase combinatorial synthesis, it is based on the reaction of different fraction of beads containing the substrate with different reagents, then all the beads are mixed and split again into fractions each of which will be submitted to the subsequent reaction with a different reagent, and so on.")
cnt(W7228,"A procedure whereby the energy source to a machine or system is locked in the ""off"" position during maintenance or repair, to prevent activation by another person; or tagged to warn others not to turn it on.")
cnt(W7229,"a process (or result of a process) in which DNA molecules within different chromatids, but at homologous loci within a replicating (metaphase) chromosome, exchange; reflects the product of postreplication (recombinational) DNA repair")
cnt(W7231,"A process accounting for sustained opening through magma injection into the mid-oceanic ridges. As new oceanic lithosphere is produced, plates increase in area and move further and further from the mid-oceanic ridge.")
cnt(W7232,"A process aimed at an ecologically optimum spatial organization, utilization, and protection of landscape.")
cnt(W7234,"A Process all of whose finite-dimensional marginal distributions are multivariate normal. ")
cnt(W7235,"A process between the planktonic larval stages and the benthic juvenile stages of corals, in which the corals metamorphose from a columnar shaped-larva to a polyp.")
cnt(W7236,"a process by which a fluid separated from another by a semi-permeable membrane tends to enter into the solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of salts on either side of the membrane.")
cnt(W7238,"A process by which cities can grow in ways that provides equitable opportunities for current and future generations. Different visions are based upon the assumptions of the role of the city and its impacts within its sub-national region, nation, and the world.")
cnt(W7239,"A process by which humans collectively review and evaluate the consequences of their actions with respect to prospective futures.")
cnt(W7241,"A process by which information is simplified by rules that make it easier to remember. For example, the string of letters RLBSTHGFF is easier to remember if a person learns the rule that organizes it into smaller ""chunks"":RLB, STH, and GFF.")
cnt(W7243,"A process by which organic matter is converted into coal of increasingly higher rank.")
cnt(W7244,"A process by which organic wastes are oxidized and mineralized, in the presence of suitable moisture content.")
cnt(W7245,"A process by which rural areas located on the outskirts of established cities become more urban in character, in physical, economic, and social terms, often in piecemeal fashion. In developing East Asia, this process is typically driven by investment, often foreign, in manufacturing.")
cnt(W7247,"A process by which the energy of an initial excitation in a specific bond is redistributed between other molecular degrees of freedom.")
cnt(W7251,"A process by which the quality of or confidence in a model is enhanced. This is a quest for modeling the issue at hand in an ever better way, relative to the model’s purpose.")
cnt(W7252,"A process by which the relative abundance’s of the isotopes of a given element are altered, producing a form of the element which has been enriched in one particular isotope. Ex. enriching natural uranium in the uranium-235 isotope.")
cnt(W7253,"A process by which the relative abundances of the isotopes of a given element are altered, thus producing a form of the element which has been enriched in one particular isotope. Example:  enriching natural uranium in the uranium-235 isotope.")
cnt(W7255,"A process by which those adversely affected by a physical dislocation from their home places are assisted in their efforts to improve, or at least to restore, their incomes and living standards. In this paper the dislocation is mainly caused by war.")
cnt(W7256,"A process by which wastewater is treated to permit reuse for irrigation, industry, and municipal supply. Regeneration is similar to wastewater treatment prior to discharge to lakes or rivers.")
cnt(W7258,"A process caused by thermal movement in the Earth’s crust.")
cnt(W7261,"A process combining temperature and high pressure gas to densify a material into a net-shape component using a pressure-tight outer envelope.")
cnt(W7262,"A process consisting of drying coffee cherries, followed by mechanical removal of the dried pericarp to produce green coffee.")
cnt(W7264,"A process determining the formation of fossil assemblages mainly composed of more abundant and more easily preserved taxa within a living community, resulting typically from the deposition of hard-parts of organisms over long periods of time (several years to millennia) and slow net sediment accumulation.")
cnt(W7265,"A process during which organics breakdown to the next level of compounds or to elements that are less reactive. The major products of organics are carbon dioxide and water.")
cnt(W7266,"A process extending from developing very preliminary ideas to market introduction which may be divided analytically in three phases:the generation, selection, and realization of ideas. It includes a technical as well as an economic dimension with scientific-technological inventions being only a part of the whole process.")
cnt(W7267,"A process follows the same physical laws and may be used in all chemical industries. The unit operations consist of five classes: fluid flow processes, heat transfer processes, mass transfer processes, thermodynamic processes, and mechanical processes.")
cnt(W7268,"A process for assessing the need for spatial decision support..")
cnt(W7269,"A process for combining what is known and what can be reasonably inferred about an exposure situation in order to manage the risk")
cnt(W7270,"A process for conversion of heavy feedstocks to distillate, gas, and coke by reaction in the presence of catalyst at high temperature and low pressure.")
cnt(W7271,"A process for desalinating saline water by one or more stages of boiling and condensing.")
cnt(W7272,"A process for developing alignment between the organization’s strategy and accordingly provide capable and motivated people to fulfil the mission of the organization.")
cnt(W7273,"A process for empowering employees to participate in managerial decision-making and improvement activities appropriate to their levels in the organization.")
cnt(W7274,"A process for fatty fish; the fish are preserved tightly packed in airtight barrels in a strong pickle formed by salt dissolving in the body fluids.")
cnt(W7275,"A process for production of green coffee that includes mechanical removal of the exocarp in the presence of water, removal of mesocarp by fermentation and drying.")
cnt(W7277,"A process for separating liquids with different boiling points.")
cnt(W7278,"A process for the concentration of an ore with respect to certain species of interest, that accumulate in froth produced adding specific reagents and bubbling air.")
cnt(W7281,"A process for the thermal conversion of petroleum in which gaseous, liquid, and solid products are formed.")
cnt(W7282,"A process for treating food in which heat is applied to cause a transformation, usually one that is desirable, such as browning meat, gelatinizing starch, softening vegetables, or inactivating enzymes.")
cnt(W7283,"A process forming higher level units above the nation-states, e.g. the European Union.")
cnt(W7284,"A process generated by the coalescence and increase of pressure in bubbling magma, due to volatile exsolution. Fragmented magma is erupted during explosive eruptions.")
cnt(W7285,"a process in a complex system whereby new emergent structures arise that are not external imposed on the system")
cnt(W7287,"A process in which a bioreactor is loaded with substrates, inoculated with microorganisms or enzymes and allowed to run to completion, usually without removing biomass and products during the process.")
cnt(W7288,"A process in which a change in direction or energy of incident radiation is caused by interaction with a particle, a system of particles, or a photon.")
cnt(W7290,"A process in which a facilitator, an individual who is acceptable to all participants involved in negotiations, assists the parties in reaching a resolution.")
cnt(W7291,"A process in which a fluid is removed from another material, as in squeezing to remove juice from fruit or oil from soya beans. It also refers to processes in which a solvent is used to remove a soluble material and to remove flour from ground wheat by sifting.")
cnt(W7292,"a process in which a functional group is modified in order to increase its reactivity.")
cnt(W7293,"A process in which a particle disappears and at least two other particles appear. The muon decays into an electron and a neutrino.")
cnt(W7294,"A process in which a particular stereoisomer reacts to give one specific stereoisomer (or d,l-pair) of product.")
cnt(W7295,"A process in which calcium and magnesium ions are precipitated from water by reaction with lime.")
cnt(W7296,"a process in which DNA other than phage DNA is introduced into a bacterium by infection by a phage containing the DNA")
cnt(W7297,"A process in which energy is used or wasted without accomplishing useful work or purpose; useless and chaotic scattering of resources. The loss of energy may be sometimes compensated by the unexpected evolution taking place at the interface between chaotic and ordered structures.")
cnt(W7298,"A process in which generally hatchery-reared finfish or shellfish are introduced to marine areas, and are in due course harvested together with the wild stocks, using conventional fishing methods. Sea ranching falls between aquaculture and capture fisheries.")
cnt(W7299,"A process in which heavy distillate hydrocarbons are converted under hydrogen pressure into products of lower molecular weight, in the presence of an acidic catelyst.")
cnt(W7301,"A process in which immobilized enzymes or enzyme systems are used for synthetic or other processing reactions, especially on an industrial scale.")
cnt(W7302,"a process in which interdependent species evolve in an endless reciprocal cycle – in which changes in species A set the stage for the natural selection of changes in species B and vice versa")
cnt(W7304,"A process in which members of social groups are isolated or alienated by members of other social groups, often mainstream groups, from accessing to certain areas (public facilities, certain occupations, certain institutions, and etc) in the society.")
cnt(W7305,"A process in which members of social groups with different backgrounds (cultural, ethnic, race, value, religion, etc) are integrated into mainstream society. The members of minority groups tend to keep their original characteristics, which are a part of the larger society.")
cnt(W7306,"A process in which one enantiomer is selectively degraded or taken up. These are usually biologically mediated with the involvement of enzymes.")
cnt(W7307,"A process in which one of two or more stereoisomers is produced or consumed preferentially with respect to the other(s). The efficiency of a stereoselective transformation is called stereoselectivity")
cnt(W7308,"A process in which one positron and one electron eliminate each other, and their total rest energy (1.022 MeV) is released in the form of two 511 keV gamma rays, emitted in opposite directions.")
cnt(W7311,"A process in which the conservative properties in parcels of water move from locations of higher density to locations of lower density.")
cnt(W7312,"A process in which the dependent and independent variables scale in different ways.")
cnt(W7313,"A process in which the dependent and independent variables scale in the same way.")
cnt(W7314,"A process in which the innate needs of the child and the demands and aspirations of the parents become involved in an attempt reasonably to satisfy each other.")
cnt(W7315,"A process in which the members of social groups with different backgrounds (cultural, ethnic, race, value, religion, etc) are assimilated into mainstream society. The members of minority groups tend to lose their original characteristics and adopt those are acceptable by the mainstream.")
cnt(W7317,"A process in which the proportions of adults and elderly increase in a population, while the proportions of children and adolescents decrease. This process results in a rise in the median age of the population. Aging occurs when fertility rates decline while life expectancy remains constant or improves at the older ages.")
cnt(W7318,"A process in which two Systems learn through their interaction.")
cnt(W7319,"A process in which water is removed from a substance, usually by the addition of heat.")
cnt(W7320,"A process in which water is removed from a substance, usually by the addition of heat.")
cnt(W7322,"A process initiated in 2001 by decision 21/21 of UNEP’s Governing Council, aiming at reviewing the functioning and state of implementation of international environmental agreements")
cnt(W7325,"A process involving the productive and vegetative decline of arid and semi-arid soils caused by natural or man-made stresses.")
cnt(W7326,"A process is alloying in which one more kind of metal may be mixed and alloyed without melting.")
cnt(W7328,"A process of a relative decrease of population of large urban settlements in favor of smaller ones often located in the rural countryside.")
cnt(W7329,"A process of adding together elements to produce a total.")
cnt(W7330,"A process of association in a new way of parental genes in a gamete")
cnt(W7331,"A process of categorizing all pixels in an image into classes.")
cnt(W7332,"A process of categorizing the Earth’s natural environment.")
cnt(W7335,"a process of cell division in which DNA is replicated and each of the resulting daughter cells receives an identical set of chromosomes")
cnt(W7340,"A process of change in, for example, an agricultural system, in which increased yields are achieved by the investment of ever-greater effort. The construction of irrigation canals or terraced fields are two examples of this process, by which higher populations can be fed from a fixed area of land but only at the cost of greatly increased labor input.")
cnt(W7341,"a process of change of protein structure caused by heat or chemicals resulting in change of biological activity and physical properties")
cnt(W7343,"a process of changing the physical state from liquid to vapor")
cnt(W7345,"A process of convection in which the fluid motion is caused by gravitational forces and which arises from density differences due to temperature gradients within the fluid.")
cnt(W7346,"A process of converting all non-tariff barriers to trade (e.g., import quota) into their tariff equivalents.")
cnt(W7347,"A process of deformation observed in many materials where the load is applied over a long period.")
cnt(W7348,"A process of degradation of surface rocks and minerals under the action of temperature change, mechanical erosion, and most important, the chemical reaction between minerals and meteoric waters.")
cnt(W7349,"A process of demonstrating responsibility for some action. In education this is often external and may relate to state requirements.")
cnt(W7350,"A process of destruction and transport of soil and underlying rocks by water and wind. This can be caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors.")
cnt(W7352,"A process of determining that a model or simulation implementation accurately represents the developer's conceptual description and specification.")
cnt(W7353,"A process of determining the efficiency of a school or part of the school system. It involves consideration of the impact of spending on the educational objectives.")
cnt(W7354,"A process of drying a frozen solution by sublimating the ice under high vacuum.")
cnt(W7356,"a process of eliminating of a pesticide (or chemical) from an organism")
cnt(W7357,"a process of energy and matter exchange between contiguous water masses due to the presence of vertical and horizontal gradients of oceanological characteristics. ")
cnt(W7359,"A process of forming and cooking food and related materials.")
cnt(W7361,"A process of glacial erosion by which blocks of rock are loosened, detached, and borne away from bedrock by the freezing of water in fissures.")
cnt(W7364,"A process of imaging the remotely sensed data by color composite, generally by additive color composite of three primary colors:red, green and blue.")
cnt(W7367,"a process of inquiry that draws insights from disciplinary perspectives and integrates their insights into a more holistic understanding")
cnt(W7368,"a process of inquiry that seeks to integrate disciplines as well as their insights")
cnt(W7369,"a process of inquiry utilizing the early steps in the interdisciplinary process, but without the integration of disciplinary insights")
cnt(W7370,"A process of inquiry.")
cnt(W7371,"A process of interaction between an electron (particle) and positron (antiparticle) in which they both disappear, resulting in the production of two gamma quanta.")
cnt(W7372,"A process of land resource allocation to the most beneficial uses.")
cnt(W7374,"A process of learning which leads to changes not only in the perceived solutions to problems, but in the definition and understanding of those problems.")
cnt(W7375,"A process of matching and prioritizing society’s need for, and conservation of, environmental and natural resources.")
cnt(W7376,"A process of mineral separation.")
cnt(W7377,"a process of moving apart of solid lithosphere platforms in the regions of rifts of the mid-ocean ridges with constant renewal of the Earths crust (of oceanic type) from material of the upper mantle heated by upward convectional drifts.")
cnt(W7380,"A process of population deconcentration away from the large urban settlements.")
cnt(W7381,"A process of preparing fresh foods without conventional food-preservation techniques (e.g. freezing, canning, and drying). These types of foods are convenient to prepare, serve, and consume. The main steps are trimming, shelling, cutting, slicing, dicing, and storage in packaging at low temperatures to prolong quality.")
cnt(W7382,"A process of properly managing the environment on behalf of the public in general, suggesting a conservation approach.")
cnt(W7383,"A process of putting things right in Hawai’ian society with self, family and god. The resolution of a conflict involves conciliation, forgiveness and possibly restitution. Agreement is reached by the conflicting parties to consult with each other in the event that future disputes arise. ")
cnt(W7384,"A process of quantitative increase of urban population and growth of cities, combined with a considerable change of lifestyles, attitudes, values and livelihoods.")
cnt(W7385,"A process of reaching a harmonious agreement and compatible relationship with an opponent who previously represented an object of hostility.")
cnt(W7386,"a process of reaching policy decisions involving advice from the main societal stakeholders.")
cnt(W7389,"A process of removing oil and other suspension material from (waste) water by adding flocculant to form flocculent materils.")
cnt(W7390,"A process of removing oil suspension from (waste) water by interception.")
cnt(W7391,"A process of removing oily material, chemical impurities and suspensions from (waste) water by injecting air and adding floatation agent to form floating foams.")
cnt(W7392,"A process of removing the solid suspension from water by settling method.")
cnt(W7394,"A process of separating igneous minerals from their host melt, thereby changing the composition of the remaining magma (igneous differentiation). Separation of crystals can be by gravity (sinking or floating) or convection of buoyant differentiated liquids.")
cnt(W7396,"a process of solidifying glass or metal from the molten state by cooling it slowly.")
cnt(W7398,"a process of substance decay into ions.")
cnt(W7400,"A process of technological development of agricultural techniques that began in Mexico and has since spread throughout the world.")
cnt(W7401,"A process of technological improvement in manufacturing that would raise the efficiency of natural resource use and thus reduce pressure on resources. A factor-four goal of de-materialization envisages doubling the product while halving its natural resource content. Proponents of factor-four calculate that raising resource productivity by a mere 3 per cent a year would achieve the factor-four target in 45 years. A much more ambitious factor-ten strategy has also been proposed. De-materialization is closely related to the concept of throughput.")
cnt(W7402,"A process of uranium isotopic separation that uses a fast moving curved jet of uranium hexafluoride mixed with a inert carrier gas such as hydrogen.")
cnt(W7403,"a process of water conversion from a solid to a liquid state.")
cnt(W7406,"a process of water conversion from vapor to liquid state.")
cnt(W7407,"A process of water diffusion into granules causing swelling and disruption of hydrogen bonding and subsequently water molecules become attached to hydroxyl groups in starch. It usually refers to starch.")
cnt(W7408,"A process or component that is partitioned into separate, identifiable units that can be managed with relative independence from other related units.")
cnt(W7409,"A process or condition that can be maintained indefinitely without diminution of valued qualities inside or outside the system in which the process operates or the condition prevails. The present paper argues that this requires not only the integration of economic and environmental decision-making and a concern for inter-generational equity, but also democratic involvement in decision-making.")
cnt(W7410,"A process or event is said to be completely random when it cannot be predicted from the previous history of the process, or the conditions of the environment just prior to the event.")
cnt(W7412,"A process or operation, the purpose of which is to extract radioactive isotopes from spent fuel for further use")
cnt(W7413,"A process representing the distribution of randomly chosen points in time or space.")
cnt(W7415,"A process resulting in a soil’s formation.")
cnt(W7416,"A process similar to peri-urbanization, whereby a region or settlement beyond a city and its suburbs becomes industrialized. The term is primarily used in the US context, whereas the term peri-urbanization tends to be used in developing countries. Arthur Nelson has defined exurban areas as (a) having lower population density than cities and suburbia, to which they are linked, (b) being beyond the edge of contiguous development, and (c) ending at least 50 miles (83 km) beyond that edge, or 100 miles (167 km) in the case of the largest cities.")
cnt(W7417,"A process simulator that is not dependent on the structure of the process, but can be applied to whatever structure one can build using the (modular) components and fluxes contained in its library.")
cnt(W7420,"A process taking place at, or very close to, the earths surface.")
cnt(W7421,"A process taking place below the surface of the earth.")
cnt(W7422,"A process that adapts buildings for new uses while retaining their historic features.")
cnt(W7423,"A process that allows separation of enantiomers at the transition state level on the basis of their different reaction rates with an enantiomerically enriched/pure reagent")
cnt(W7424,"A process that allows small particles to adhere and form larger agglomerates.")
cnt(W7425,"A process that alters the energy balance of the climate system, i.e. changes the relative balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation from Earth. Such mechanisms include changes in solar irradiance, volcanic eruptions, and enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect by emission of carbon dioxide. See also Radiative Forcing.")
cnt(W7427,"A process that answers the triple questions:What can go wrong? What is the likelihood? What are the consequences?")
cnt(W7428,"A process that answers the triplet questions:What can be done? What are the tradeoffs? What are the impacts of current decisions on future options?")
cnt(W7429,"A process that applies ecosystem principles to altering some components of the ecosystem without sacrificing other parts, and which benefits the focal ecosystem without costing non-target ecosystems.")
cnt(W7430,"A process that be explained in terms of cause and effect.  A stochastic process appears to be uncaused.  No observations of the soil are actually stochastic, but it can be convenient to treat them as such.")
cnt(W7433,"A process that includes mental preoccupation, an urge to act in an emotional way, and bodily symptoms that is typically triggered by an event that affects an important concern of the person experiencing it; also a mode of setting up a certain kind of relationship, for instance of affectionate cooperation, or conflict.")
cnt(W7434,"A process that involves the gradual decay and death of all trees within a forested area. Forest declines are normally caused by abiotic factors, as biotic factors (pests and pathogens) generally are species-specific.")
cnt(W7435,"A process that is conducted to make sure the whole data measurement process works correctly and the measured data can truly represent the real environmental conditions.")
cnt(W7436,"A process that is influenced by the three dimensional structure of a pollutant molecule.")
cnt(W7437,"A process that is not biochemical or biologically mediated.")
cnt(W7438,"a process that occurs in vivo, by which a single cell type can change its characteristics to produce new specialized cell types.")
cnt(W7440,"A process that produces new, more complex, and more diverse patterns, as contrasted to mechanical processes that maintain their pattern, and processes that converge to an attractor (equilibrium, periodicity, or chaos).")
cnt(W7441,"A process that redirects military resources towards civilian applications.")
cnt(W7443,"A process that removes material from a surface by physical bombardment of the surface by energetic particles, usually positive ions.")
cnt(W7444,"A process that sets out to return ecosystems or landscapes to a state or condition that they once held.")
cnt(W7445,"A process that significantly reduces the numbers of bacteria, often below some threshold level.")
cnt(W7446,"a process that systematically captures, encodes, manipulates stores and maintains, and disseminates corporate knowledge.")
cnt(W7447,"A process that takes place without change in volume.")
cnt(W7448,"A process that uses either indirect or direct heat exchange for heating organic contaminants to a temperature high enough to volatilize and separate them from contaminated solid medium.")
cnt(W7449,"A process that utilizes high voltage short time electric field for dielectric breakdown of microorganisms or other living cells.")
cnt(W7450,"A process the mechanism of which secures the formation of some given stereoisomeric product(s) starting from a given stereoisomeric substrate.")
cnt(W7453,"A process to determine location, amount, quality, and extracting conditions of petroleum and natural gas in the Earth’s crust.")
cnt(W7454,"A process to entrap, to adsorb, or to bind cells or enzymes to matrices for use in bioreactors.")
cnt(W7455,"A process to extract coal in which general methods are underground mining and surface mining.")
cnt(W7457,"A process to react naphtha over a (often, platinum) catalyst to increase its ignition quality.")
cnt(W7460,"A process to saturate olefins, eliminate heterocyclic compounds, and stabilize oil by reaction with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure.")
cnt(W7462,"a process to unite metallic and non-metallic materials where interatomic and intermolecular ties are established on contacting surfaces of the joined parts.")
cnt(W7463,"A process undertaken before final disposal in landfill, including direct incineration and recycling by separating and shredding waste.")
cnt(W7464,"A process used by therapists to adjust to specific family characteristics in order to achieve joining.")
cnt(W7465,"A process used on fluid foods that involves high-temperature short-time sterilization and cooling, followed by introducing the cold, commercially sterile food into the commercially sterile environment of a filling and packaging machine where the food is filled into sterile containers and hermetically sealed.")
cnt(W7466,"A process used to determine the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the model or simulation.")
cnt(W7467,"A process used when the main aim of the therapist is to create a relationship to individual family members and to the family system as a whole.")
cnt(W7468,"A process where an entire canning line including operators, is carried out within a room like a pressure chamber under a pressure of 18 to 20 psi (above atmosphere). Under this pressure water does not boil below a temperature of 124 to 127°C.")
cnt(W7469,"A process where the environmental aspects of a technology are systematically examined. EnTA is a tool to identify cleaner technologies.")
cnt(W7470,"A process where the product is extracted from the reaction medium during its formation.")
cnt(W7471,"A process where ultraviolet radiation degrades the chemical bond or link in the polymer or chemical structure of a plastic.")
cnt(W7473,"A process whereby a collection of individuals constituting a community meets in democratic forums to envision the type of future they want for themselves, their children, and their communities. The quest is the search and the vision is the shared view of the future that emerges.")
cnt(W7474,"A process whereby a preliminary result is fed into the calculations, leading to a better result, and so on, until the process converges to a final result.")
cnt(W7476,"A process whereby fluids are separated because of the ability of one or more to pass through a membrane that retains others:the principle upon which artificial kidneys work.")
cnt(W7477,"A process whereby gases are separated by passing them over a solid or liquid phase.")
cnt(W7478,"A process whereby ideas are disseminated geographically by migration of people, in contrast with cultural diffusion, whereby ideas are spread by ""word of mouth"" with people remaining where they are.")
cnt(W7479,"A process whereby local economic linkages or networks are intense relative to external linkages and networks.")
cnt(W7480,"A process whereby low-molecular-weight materials such as monomers and oligomers are grafted onto the backbone of a polymer of higher molecular weight by means of a radical reaction induced by radiation.")
cnt(W7483,"A process whereby natural processes are realistically described mathematically and integrated into a mathematical model that allows simulation of natural events, given different input parameters. Used in integrated resource management planning and decision making.")
cnt(W7484,"a process whereby powdered coal is reacted with steam to produce hydrogen or, indirectly, methane gas for use in electric power production.")
cnt(W7485,"a process whereby river bed gravels are sorted in the vertical such that coarser grains concentrate at the bed surface with finer grains lying below. The coarse layer thus constitutes an ‘armor’ layer protecting finer material below from being moved by the river flow.")
cnt(W7486,"A process whereby sewage is aerobically digested by bacteria")
cnt(W7488,"A process whereby wild plants are converted to cultivated crops by the selection of traits useful to plant cultivators and consumers.")
cnt(W7489,"A process which aims at ensuring the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources for maximizing economic and social welfare without compromising the sustainability of vital environmental systems.")
cnt(W7490,"A process which cannot perfectly recycle.")
cnt(W7492,"A process which employs artificial drying to reduce the moisture content of peat around 10% and compresses the dried peat into briquettes.")
cnt(W7493,"a process which focuses on the resolving of disagreements and disputes among contending interests.")
cnt(W7495,"A process which originates within the Earth.")
cnt(W7496,"A process which takes place at the surface of the Earth.")
cnt(W7497,"A process whose stochastic description is invariant with respect to a shift in time.")
cnt(W7498,"A process, in which a low-boiling liquid hydrocarbon (e.g., propane and/or butane) is used to separate heavy oil or bitumen into an asphalt-type product and de-asphalted oil, the de-asphalted oil is often used as feedstock for a catalytic cracking unit.")
cnt(W7500,"A process, whereby a minority language is gradually displaced by the dominant majority language that is perceived to be more prestigious.")
cnt(W7501,"A process-dependent structured data table containing information about the connectivity of a process. The CM is in fact a matrix representation of the connectivity graph of the process.")
cnt(W7502,"A process-dependent structured data table containing information about the connectivity of a process. The IM is in fact the connectivity graph of the process represented as a matrix.")
cnt(W7503,"A processing facility that is used to enhance the value of a recovered material.")
cnt(W7504,"A processor capable of executing more than one instruction concurrently (in each cycle).")
cnt(W7505,"A producer with a large production capacity who increases the stability of world prices by varying output and exports in response to fluctuations in world demand.")
cnt(W7506,"A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material.")
cnt(W7507,"A product obtained exclusively from roasted coffee by using water as the only carrying agent not derived from roasted coffee.")
cnt(W7508,"A product of coal preparation that, because of its ash percentage, is intermediate between coal and discard.")
cnt(W7509,"A product of stress over the cross-sectional area of bending members. For beams, the stress resultants include axial force, shear force and bending moment.")
cnt(W7510,"A product that has received a minimal amount of processing and is bought and sold as a generic good rather than a branded product.")
cnt(W7511,"A production model, developed by Japanese firms, in which inventories are eliminated or reduced substantially because deliveries from suppliers arrive at the production site within a few hours of the time needed, and correspond exactly with the production line requirements.")
cnt(W7512,"A production process in which average costs decline as the volume of output increases.")
cnt(W7513,"A production system characterized by high investments, high stocking rates, and energy and input use, with an increasing movement towards closed recirculating systems. Yields average around 10 000 kgs/ha/year.")
cnt(W7514,"A production system characterized by low investments, stocking rates, and input use, and frequently tidal water flows, with correspondingly lower yields per hectare of pond production (around 100 kg./ha./year).")
cnt(W7515,"A production system of moderate investment costs, stocking rates and input use, along with reliance on mechanical aeration and water exchange. Yields average between 1000-5000 kgs./ha./year.")
cnt(W7516,"A production unit is strongly (Pareto) efficient if it is not possible to improve any input or output without worsening some other input or output.")
cnt(W7517,"A production unit is weakly efficient if it is not possible to improve all inputs and outputs simultaneously.")
cnt(W7518,"A profession concerned with helping organizations make decisions by having them explicitly quantify their preferences, their beliefs and the alternatives available to them, using various principles of rational choice.")
cnt(W7519,"A professional society of engineers involved with agriculture and related subjects based in the USA.")
cnt(W7520,"A professional who studies and designs processes involving foods. Often educated in Agricultural or Biological Systems Engineering. See process engineer.")
cnt(W7521,"A professional who studies and designs systems that use physical, biological and chemical means to transform materials and energy in order to create value. Often educated as a chemical, food or mechanical engineer.")
cnt(W7522,"A professional who studies and designs the means of supporting buildings, bridges, and other objects. Specifies foundations, columns, girders, floors, roofs, and braces.")
cnt(W7523,"A professional who studies and practices the design of buildings, structures, and other objects.")
cnt(W7524,"A profit-making activity involving research, production and realization of a high-technology product.")
cnt(W7526,"a program connecting (linking) a set of programs.")
cnt(W7527,"a program designed for specific circumstances and including a description of the regeneration, tending and protective treatments to be completed during the life of a forest stand.")
cnt(W7528,"a program developed and/or supplied by a computer user.")
cnt(W7529,"a program facilitating loading (inputting) programs into a computer.")
cnt(W7531,"a program of action for improving the development, use and management of water resources.")
cnt(W7532,"a program that contains a proof that it meets a given specification. The proof relies upon the presence of specific instructions in the program, so altering the program invalidates the proof.")
cnt(W7533,"A program that converts another program from a high-level language to a lower level language.")
cnt(W7534,"a program that copies itself into other programs and arranges for the copy to be executed when the target program is executed. The computer virus may take other actions as well.")
cnt(W7535,"A program that retrieves documents from the World Wide Web that are predicted to be relevant to a query entered by a user.")
cnt(W7536,"A program to alter or accelerate the evolution or growth of a market, typically for a new technology, and often by the use of production or other subsidies in the short run that are intended to build future market strength, size, or diversity.")
cnt(W7537,"A program to redistribute land assets from wealthy owners of large farms to the, usually landless, poor.")
cnt(W7540,"A programmed and coordinated activity of authentic organizations to maintain and improve the quality of food products.")
cnt(W7542,"A programming technique which allows KBS and other programs to be written using the following format:""IF some conditions are true THEN perform some actions""")
cnt(W7543,"A programming technique which allows KBS and other programs to be written using the following format:This piece of program represents a real world object -- in order to carry out actions which affect this object, it's necessary to send a message to the object")
cnt(W7546,"A project forming a complete operation from design to construction and commissioning and usually carried out by one organization.")
cnt(W7547,"a project undertaken by academic scholars from diverse disciplines and countries to determine how best to do away with war and other forms of injustice, and to promote values that can aid in securing a preferred world for all the world's people.")
cnt(W7548,"A project, by an organization or a group, to make drainage improvements within certain defined boundaries (legal organization, drainage association, etc.).")
cnt(W7549,"A prokaryote having a growth temperature optimum of 80 C or higher.")
cnt(W7551,"A pronouncement by the American Secretary of State that the United States would not recognize as legal the Japanese takeover of Manchuria. The United States supported the territorial integrity of China. The statement was among the first to undermine the old right of conquest enunciated by European sovereigns in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.")
cnt(W7552,"a propeller which is submerged in a current and whose rate of rotation can be related to the current's flow rate.")
cnt(W7553,"A properly constructed cased boring placed in an aquifer and used to obtain samples of water or measure water level.")
cnt(W7554,"A property may be taken to be emergent for an observer when it is consequent to the interaction among agents following simple rules. Examples are flocks, herds, and swarms. Emergence is related to self-organization, or to the lack of rational design. Emergence can be considered as a correct specification of what it is intended when reference is made to “systemic” properties, not reducible to the properties of single parts of a given system, but emerging only from their interactions.")
cnt(W7555,"A property of a chemical system that is dependent on the amount of material present. Good examples are heat and weight.")
cnt(W7556,"A property of a direct mechanism requiring that truth be a Bayesian equilibrium.")
cnt(W7557,"A property of a ferromagnet equivalent to magnetization, with proportionality constant µo. J = µoM, where µo = 4p 3 1027 TmA-1.")
cnt(W7558,"A property of a material that is characterized by zero electric resistivity and, ideally, zero permeability, generally at temperatures below the critical value")
cnt(W7559,"A property of a pair of Linear Programs whose difference results from the application of feasible modifications.")
cnt(W7560,"A property of a statistical estimator. Robust estimators are close to the best possible over a range of small departures from the hypothesized statistical distribution.")
cnt(W7561,"A property of a system which means that an arbitrary initial state can be transformed by some control into an arbitrary final state during a finite time interval.")
cnt(W7562,"A property of all matter, because the electrons move around their respective nuclei thereby experiencing a Lorentz force, which is a magnetic field causing them to precess. This precession induces a small negative induced magnetic moment. Diamagnetism is independent of temperature.")
cnt(W7563,"A property of an atomic-size species, e.g. the radius of an oxygen atom.")
cnt(W7564,"A property of an object that determines the direction of heat flow.")
cnt(W7567,"A property of food products that is used for evaluation of quality.")
cnt(W7568,"A property of lymphocyte to interact only with a certain kind of antigen.")
cnt(W7569,"A property of lymphocyte to interact strictly with the cells possessing appropriate MHC molecules.")
cnt(W7570,"A property of material that relates to the dissipation of energy under electromagnetic field. It is mainly determined by ionic concentration.")
cnt(W7572,"A property of materials that defines the charge density under electric field.")
cnt(W7575,"A property of matter in its bulk state, e.g. its density.")
cnt(W7576,"A property of matter with non-zero atomic magnetic moments. Random thermal perturbations cause the alignment to be small at room temperature, but when uncompensated electron spins occur in a material, paramagnetism is much stronger than diamagnetism. Paramagnetism is inversely proportional to temperature.")
cnt(W7577,"A property of preferences over consumption programs that means that an interchange of two consumption bundles in a program will be preferred if and only if the bundle with higher consumption is advanced in time.")
cnt(W7578,"A property of seawater that changes only when one water type is mixed with another or when the water comes in contact with and exchanges energy or material with the outside environment, such as the air-sea interface.")
cnt(W7580,"A property of seawater that may change as a result of biological or chemical reactions.")
cnt(W7581,"A property of spatial processes that are rotationally invariant. If a process is not isotropic it is said to be anisotropic.")
cnt(W7582,"A property of strategies in a symmetric bimatrix game assuring that a strategy is  a best response to itself that moreover beats other best responses as a response to them.")
cnt(W7583,"A property of superconductors where, below the critical temperature, applied magnetic flux cannot penetrate the superconductor due to the presence of induced screening currents, which flow in the thin surface layer exactly canceling out the applied magnetic flux.")
cnt(W7585,"A property of true scores such that one item’s true score for one individual is equal to another by an additive constant. As a psychometric framework it also allows for the item error variances to be unequal.")
cnt(W7586,"A property of water that causes scale in water systems and prevents lather formation, principally caused by calcium and magnesium ions associated with bicarbonate ions.")
cnt(W7588,"a property of wind that is calculated from wind profile measurements, that characterizes the velocity in the turbulent boundary layer.")
cnt(W7589,"A property or characteristic is said to be anisotropic if it is not the same in all directions.")
cnt(W7590,"A property possessed by physical systems whose ultimate, or final behavior (state) is not determined by the initial conditions (initial state); this is also known as a ""transitive"" system. A non-ergodic (or intransitive) system has its final state determined exclusively by the initial state.")
cnt(W7591,"A property regime defined by the absence of any enforced property rights.")
cnt(W7592,"A property regime in which property rights are held by a group of users who can effectively exclude other users.")
cnt(W7593,"A property regime that gives individuals the power to exclude other users.")
cnt(W7594,"A property regime that involves ownership by a public agency that has the power both of exclusion and regulation of use.")
cnt(W7595,"A property related to the relative position of spatial objects, preserved under continuous deformations of the plane")
cnt(W7596,"A property right in an original work of authorship (such as literary, musical, or artistic work) giving the holder the exclusive rights to perform, reproduce, distribute, sell, and display the work.")
cnt(W7597,"A property that depends on the number of molecules and not on their nature")
cnt(W7598,"A property that offers resistance to flow. With non-Newtonian fluids, the viscosity is dependent on the magnitude of the shear rate, and we need to specify the value of the shear rate.")
cnt(W7599,"a property whereby a parameter of the field (e.g. the phase) can be changed arbitrarily with no effect on the physical observables. ")
cnt(W7601,"A proportional increase in output made possible by an increase in all inputs and the number of destinations, keeping all network attributes and input prices constant. Likewise, when average costs per passenger decrease with the number of destinations, where all other network attributes and density are constant, the airline operates under increasing scale economies.")
cnt(W7602,"A proportional increase in output made possible by an increase in all inputs, keeping all network attributes (number of destinations, load factor) and input prices constant. A similar concept is that of economies of density, where one uses the cost function rather than the production function. When average costs per passenger are decreasing for increasing flights or seats on existing flights, with all other network attributes constant, the airline operates under increasing density economies.")
cnt(W7603,"A proportionality “constant” reflecting the ratio between the spatial variance in solute concentration and flow distance over which solute spreading has occurred. The magnitude increases with the degree of heterogeneity.")
cnt(W7604,"A proportionality constant between the magnitude of groundwater flow (specific discharge) and hydraulic gradient. Qualitatively, it reflects the ease with which a fluid can flow through the pore spaces of a given medium.")
cnt(W7605,"A proportionate decrease in the disease rate that would result if the entire population were no longer exposed to the characteristic under investigation. ")
cnt(W7606,"A proposal initiated by citizens that is placed on the ballot for public approval or disapproval. The results may be binding or merely advisory, depending on the law.")
cnt(W7607,"A proposal normally initiated by the legislature to be voted on by the public. The results may be advisory or mandatory.")
cnt(W7608,"A proposition or assumption which is considered to be true without proof. An axiom is embedded into the mathematical structure or definition of a formal model. For instance, one may assume that only ordinal preferences can be used for each decision maker within a formal model for describing social conflict.")
cnt(W7609,"A proposition that has an antecedent and a consequent. The two are linked up by the logical operator ""If . . . then."" Its truth-value is contingent on the truth-values of its antecedent and consequent.")
cnt(W7610,"A proposition whose truth-value is assessed on its own.")
cnt(W7611,"A propositional formula for which at least one assignment of truth values to its variables makes it true.")
cnt(W7612,"A propositional formula in conjunctive normal form such that for each clause, at most one disjunct is a variable (all other disjuncts are negated variables).")
cnt(W7613,"A propositional formula which is a conjunction of disjunctions of literals.")
cnt(W7614,"A propositional formula which is a disjunction of conjunctions of literals.")
cnt(W7615,"A propositional formula which is true for every assignment of truth values to its variables.")
cnt(W7617,"A proprietary replicate organism detection and counting system using an adhesion technique (Rodac®).")
cnt(W7618,"A prospective experiment conducted on human beings to compare an intervention against control or other interventions.")
cnt(W7619,"a protease that is secreted by cells")
cnt(W7622,"a protected wetland ecosystem included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance. The Government members of Ramsar Convention must protect at least one particularly valuable wetland from their territory. As of December 1997, there are 895 Ramsar sites from 105 Contracting Governments.")
cnt(W7623,"a protecting group that can be easily cleaved with respect to the others present in the molecule, it must resist for a wile (one of two reactions) and then removed.")
cnt(W7624,"a protecting group that is particularly stable, so that it can resist for the entire synthetic process, and is removed at the end.")
cnt(W7625,"A protective device forming the preferential center of chemical attack and sparing the rest of the metallic structure (usually made of zinc or some other base metal).")
cnt(W7626,"A protein engaged in transporting (iron) ferrum.")
cnt(W7627,"A protein in egg white which combines with biotin and makes it unavailable; an antivitamin")
cnt(W7628,"A protein molecule produced by a certain kinds of lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation.")
cnt(W7629,"a protein molecule that recognizes and blocks the promoter site of a specific gene. The repressor molecule is coded by the same genome on which it acts.")
cnt(W7630,"a protein molecule that, when associated with a smaller corepressor molecule, recognizes and blocks the promoter site of a specific gene. The aporepressor molecule is coded by the same genome on which it acts.")
cnt(W7631,"A protein or proteins (often including enzyme(s), and at least one of which is embedded in the cell membrane) that an organism uses to transport a nutrient, toxin, metabolite, or other chemical across the cell membrane.")
cnt(W7632,"a protein preparation produced by extraction and refining of protein isolated from plants, animals or microorganisms")
cnt(W7635,"A protein segment that is recognized by membrane protein transport systems in order to locate the protein in a certain organelle within the cell.")
cnt(W7636,"A protein separation technique in which a mixture of protein molecules is resolved into its components by subjecting the mixture to an electric field in a supporting gel having a previously established pH gradient. Also known as electrofocusing")
cnt(W7637,"A protein soluble in dilute salt solution (e.g. 0.5-1.0M NaCl).")
cnt(W7638,"A protein soluble in water.")
cnt(W7642,"A protein that recognizes specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites. Bacteria contain over 400 such enzymes that recognize and cut over 100 different DNA sequences. See restriction enzyme cutting site.")
cnt(W7644,"A proteolytic enzyme of ananas which may be used for tenderizing beef meat.")
cnt(W7645,"A proteolytic enzyme of fig which may be used to tenderize beef meat.")
cnt(W7646,"A proteolytic enzyme of paw-paw, which may be used for tenderizing beef meat.")
cnt(W7647,"A protist phylum containing brown algae.")
cnt(W7648,"A protist phylum containing green algae.")
cnt(W7649,"A protist phylum containing red algae.")
cnt(W7650,"A protozoan organism capable of infecting humans and causing diarrhea. Often known simply as Cryptosporidium.")
cnt(W7651,"a province")
cnt(W7657,"A pseudo-humanism in which slogans such as ""peace,"" ""democracy,"" ""internationalism,""etc. masque policies and programs that result in the denial of human rights.")
cnt(W7658,"A pseudo-language consisting of logical predicates (facts describing objects and their relationships) joined by a small and fixed set of connectives (AND, OR, IF...THEN, EQUAL TO, LARGER THAN, FOR ALL...THEN) that establish mutual correlations between predicates. The only form discussed in this article is the first order predicate calculus, in which objects may assume quantitative values, but predicates cannot.")
cnt(W7660,"A pseudo-language consisting of logical propositions (assertions about objects and their relationships) joined by the four fundamental connectives (AND, OR, IF...THEN, EQUAL TO), which establish mutual correlations between these propositions. Propositional calculus is not quantifiable:its goal is to derive logically necessary conclusions from a set of premises.")
cnt(W7662,"A pseudomorph after calcite, growing under high hydrostatic pressure in cold water sediments that are highly alkaline, reducing, and rich in organic matter.")
cnt(W7663,"A psychiatric, or mental, disorder in which a person is unable to cope with ordinary life, and in which strong emotions of sadness, despair, and anxiety are prominent.")
cnt(W7664,"a psychic energy tied to the sex instinct and love’s drive.")
cnt(W7665,"A psychical process through which one reintegrates the damaged object of one's own aggressions and overcomes the consequent depressive position.")
cnt(W7666,"a psychoanalytical method aimed at throwing light on unconscious feelings with free narration of dreams and everything crossing the subject’s mind.")
cnt(W7668,"A psychological process involving the discrepancy between actual and desired levels of interaction with others that regulates our interactions with others.")
cnt(W7669,"A psychological process that changes people’s expectations and requirements to future material standard if current material living standard increase.")
cnt(W7670,"A psychological state, generally among the affluent, expressed as a constant hunger for more material things; a sense of alienation, loneliness, and spiritual emptiness.")
cnt(W7672,"A psychological way of grasping the reality that sets aside and overcomes knowledge based upon dualistic distinctions such as subject and object, dichotomizing thoughts, multiple worlds, action and non-action, perceptual schema and sets.")
cnt(W7673,"A psychophysical function in which perceived intensity is proportional to the physical stimulus energy raised to an exponent characteristic of a given sensory modality.")
cnt(W7674,"A psychophysiological sense of discomfort and uneasiness related to the craving for food. (Also used figuratively in the connotation of famine or food insecurity.)")
cnt(W7675,"A psychosocial intervention is defined as a research-action (Lewin) carried out in a precisely defined domain (organization) that gets the subjects of the organization involved with the goal of producing change. In Italy, in the field of work the most developed traditions are (1) intervention in work security and (2) intervention in professional training.")
cnt(W7676,"A psychotherapeutic orientation that emphasizes the construction of meanings as a central concept; it involves the mutual creation, both by therapists and clients, of a meaningful story that allows individual members or the family system to understand the connections between life events and their effects. Attention is focused on the transmission of the psychic ""reality"" (or life) in the intergenerational relations.")
cnt(W7677,"A psychrotroph microorganism can grow at lower than usual temperatures (<20C).")
cnt(W7678,"A public agency with the mission of building and managing housing stock to ensure the availability of affordable housing for low and moderate income families. In the United States, PHAs are traditionally a provider of housing of last resort, though more recently national policy changes have prompted them to modernize their operations.")
cnt(W7679,"A public authority responsible over a limited area.")
cnt(W7680,"A public domain raster GIS modeling product of the US Army Corps of Engineers.")
cnt(W7684,"A public or private organization to which the law assigns the responsibility of management and control of a port area. Port organizations can profoundly differ as far as their financial and administrative autonomy is concerned.")
cnt(W7685,"A public space providing an alternative to the main public sphere for the discussion of the issues or news of the day, by those not admitted to the formal public sphere, or by those constrained by the limits of the discourse of the formal public sphere.")
cnt(W7686,"A public space, either literal or virtual, between the state and the private sector, that allows strangers to gather to discuss and deliberate the issues of news of the day.")
cnt(W7687,"A public structure responsible for water management, protection and control.")
cnt(W7688,"A public subsystem of the anthropocentric and intergovernmental universes, which includes the respective local universe.")
cnt(W7689,"A public subsystem of the anthropocentric universe, which includes human initiatives between national governments and their subsystems for sustainability.")
cnt(W7690,"A public subsystem of the anthropocentric, national and intergovernmental universes, which includes human initiatives between and among individuals for sustainability.")
cnt(W7692,"A publication intended for the general public. Its content is devoted to recording current events connected with local or international affairs, politics, or other topics of popular interest.")
cnt(W7693,"a publication listing and describing rare and endangered species of fauna and flora within a certain territory, compiled by an international organization, or a national or regional ecological service.")
cnt(W7694,"A publication of ISI indicating who cites whom, used as a source of data for citation analysis and journal impact factors in science, technology and medicine.")
cnt(W7695,"A publication of ISI providing bibliometric data for journals covered by their citation indexes including the journal impact factors.")
cnt(W7697,"A publicly funded school that has some degree of independence from the general public school system. A charter school has a special purpose and rules of operation, and students attend it by choice.")
cnt(W7698,"a publicly supplied good that generates both public and private benefits")
cnt(W7699,"a published document containing U.S. laws and regulations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has jurisdiction over Title 21 of the Code")
cnt(W7700,"A pulpy, cotton-like, amorphous solid or colorless liquid to semisolid solution, containing 10-14% nitrogen in the molecule. It is derived from the treatment of cellulose with mixtures of nitric and sulfuric acids.")
cnt(W7701,"A pump actually in use. Does not include the standby pump.")
cnt(W7702,"A pump operating at a specific speed; it is turned off and on by fluctuating")
cnt(W7703,"A pump that can develop a vacuum to lift water about 7 meters up a suction inlet. See Figure 2.")
cnt(W7704,"A pump that operates at infinitely variable speed between minimum and maximum set points responding to a control signal.")
cnt(W7705,"A pump that operates at whatever speed is needed to match discharge to inflow.")
cnt(W7706,"A pump that operates submerged. Also, a close-coupled pump and motor that can operate submerged. See Figure 1.")
cnt(W7709,"A pump with close-coupled waterproof motor below it which is installed permanently below the water surface level, e.g. in a bored water-well")
cnt(W7710,"A pump with its impeller mounted on the motor shaft with the motor bolted directly to the pump casing.")
cnt(W7711,"A pump with its suction inlet coaxial with the impeller shaft.")
cnt(W7712,"A pump with large passages and rounded leading edges on impeller blades.")
cnt(W7714,"A pure culture of mushrooms with the genetic capacity to form fruiting bodies under suitable growth conditions.")
cnt(W7715,"A pure electric vehicle propelled by rechargeable battery.")
cnt(W7716,"A pure population of immunoglobulins with high specific antigen-binding prpperties.")
cnt(W7718,"A purification method based on adsorption rate at the surface of materials.")
cnt(W7719,"A purification method based on difference in diffusion velocity through a membrane.")
cnt(W7720,"a purine base that pairs with cytosine in DNA.")
cnt(W7721,"a purine base that pairs with thymine in DNA.")
cnt(W7722,"a purine or pyrimidine base liked to a deoxyribose sugar that is inturn linked to three phosphate groups.")
cnt(W7723,"A purposeful activity of a group of people, who develops organizational capacity and human capability to engage in the design/redesign of their system.")
cnt(W7726,"a purposefully made weaker portion of an embankment dam intended to fail first during over-topping, leaving the rest of the main structure intact.")
cnt(W7727,"A putative intermediate of carbon metabolism from which the syntheses of all cell constituents are started.")
cnt(W7728,"a pycnocline with density increase caused by suspended sediment concentration.")
cnt(W7729,"A pyramid-shaped structure, in which a central, positively charged silicon ion is bonded to four negatively charged oxygen ions; the structural unit of all silicate minerals.")
cnt(W7730,"a pyrimidine base that pairs with adenine in DNA.")
cnt(W7731,"a pyrimidine base that pairs with guanosine in DNA.")
cnt(W7732,"A quadrat and the set of four quadrats with an edge in common with it.")
cnt(W7733,"a quadrature formula is an approximation of an integral by the sum of the values of an integrand function at some points of a segment of integration with given coefficients.")
cnt(W7734,"A Quaker term that refers to the divine light residing in every human being. Nonviolent actions need to be taken that kindle this universal light in the ‘other’ in order to move the world in the direction of peace. ")
cnt(W7737,"A qualitative change in the existing symmetry of a system’s structure or behavior.")
cnt(W7739,"A qualitative empirical modeling tool that uses high-quality, in-depth knowledge to solve complex and advanced problems typically requiring experts.")
cnt(W7740,"A qualitative empirical research approach in the social sciences for the development of theories that are valid in real-life settings.")
cnt(W7741,"a qualitative indicator used in well-defined contexts of the frequency of moving in/out a certain category of dwellings and residential zones.")
cnt(W7743,"A qualitative term that describes the presence of a contaminant in another phase, such as soil, water or air, that is dilute enough to be expressed on the part per million and part per billion level.")
cnt(W7744,"A qualitative term to describe the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth, or the physical condition of the soil in relation to seedling emergence and root penetration; optimal tilth refers to a loose, friable, and porous assemblage of stable aggregates, permitting free entry and movement of water and air, easy cultivation and planting, and unobstructed germination and emergence of seedlings as well as growth of roots.")
cnt(W7746,"a quality of natural events and processes to return to their original domain over time, usually through forms of feedback.")
cnt(W7747,"a quality used in monitoring the presence of a flame, in Flame Ionization Detectors, or to dissipate electric power.")
cnt(W7748,"A quantified attribute.")
cnt(W7753,"A quantitative estimation of elements of a hydrological regime.")
cnt(W7754,"a quantitative evaluation of the costs of a proposed environmental regulation versus the overall benefits to society of the action.")
cnt(W7755,"A quantitative laboratory test for an antigen or antibody in which the test material is exposed either to an enzyme linked to -- An antibody specific for the antigen or -- An anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody. If the antibody or antigen is present, the enzyme adheres to the test material and reacts with a substrate that yields a colored product that can be easured by a colorimeter.SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Ebola hemorrhagic fever.  A severe filoviral illness characterized by sudden onset, fever, chills, headaches, weakness, and back pain, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and extensive internal bleeding, often leading to shock and death.  Outbreaks of Ebola fever have occurred in central Africa. No animal or insect reservoir has yet been identified.")
cnt(W7758,"A quantitative measure of the ability of an instrument to separate of radiation with different wavelengths (to produce separate image in optics).")
cnt(W7759,"A quantitative measure of the ability of an optical instrument to produce separate images. The images to be resolved may differ in position because they represent (a) different points of the object, or (b) images of the same object in light of two different wavelengths.")
cnt(W7760,"A quantitative method of random sampling for pest incidence or damage that intersects a straight line or narrow band running through a sample area. Data from several lines can be extrapolated to provide an estimate for the entire area.")
cnt(W7762,"A quantitative, scientifically-based procedure for calculating the circumstances in which failure occurs in a structure that contains defects. Fracture mechanics makes use of the measured properties of materials, the stress to which the structure is subjected and the information that nondestructive testing provides on defects in the structure.")
cnt(W7763,"A quantity defined, in a system of quantities, as a function of base quantities of that system.")
cnt(W7766,"A quantity of the brightness, the range being 256 levels.")
cnt(W7767,"A quantity referring to species richness; typically, the number of species in the respective community, region or taxon.")
cnt(W7768,"A quantity subjected to measurement.")
cnt(W7770,"A quantity that cannot be predicted in a deterministic way.")
cnt(W7772,"A quantity that is additive. Mass, momentum, and energy, of a phase or of a component of a phase, are examples of extensive quantities.")
cnt(W7774,"A quantity that represents certain population characteristics.")
cnt(W7776,"A quantity whose value is defined at every point in a given region")
cnt(W7778,"A quantum mechanical effect whereby the phase of the wave function of a charged particle is affected by magnetic fields located in regions inaccessible to the particle.")
cnt(W7779,"A quantum mechanical process involving two electrons which leads to parallel (or antiparallel) alignment of their spins. It is this atomic-scale interaction which is responsible for ferromagnetism.")
cnt(W7780,"A quantum number associated to elementary particles. The hypercharge of an isospin multiplet is given by the sum of the minimal and maximal electric charge appearing in this multiplet.")
cnt(W7784,"A quantum of thermal energy.")
cnt(W7785,"A quarter; in the case of the dental formula discussed in the text, this would entail the number of teeth from the midline to the end of the cheek tooth row on either the upper or lower jaw")
cnt(W7787,"A quasilinear benefit function is one that is linear in money, given the public project, but is not necessarily (and not usually) a linear function of the public project, given the individual=s money holdings.")
cnt(W7788,"A query is a ""and""-combination of atomic formulas. The purpose of  logic programming is to find for the variables that occur in the query substituting terms that make the query true.")
cnt(W7789,"a question requiring a yes/no answer, e.g. we're going at 6 o'clock, aren't we?")
cnt(W7790,"A quick sliding of huge masses of rock due to slope failures")
cnt(W7791,"A quick turnaround fast paced development environment where documentation is minimized and the objective is to implement an operational system as quickly as possible.")
cnt(W7792,"A quicksand condition arising in wet soil shaken by seismic waves. Soil loses its strength as particles lose contact with each other.")
cnt(W7793,"A quite new conception, this term is used worldwide to represent a series of new coal utilization technologies, which are environmentally clean, highly efficient, and economically acceptable. It can reduce emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants at various points of coal use from a mine to a power plant or factory.")
cnt(W7794,"A quotient of weighted sums of numerical characteristics of a phenomenon at different times.")
cnt(W7795,"A race or breed obtained by farmers through cycles of selection, and recognized as such because of specific, known characteristics in morphology, phenology, and quality.")
cnt(W7796,"A radiating surface whose radiation has the same spectral energy distribution as, but a lower emissivity than, that of a blackbody at the same temperature.")
cnt(W7797,"A radiation detector using a medium in which a burst of luminescence radiation, produced along the path of an ionizing particle, is quantified.")
cnt(W7798,"A radiation detector using a semiconductor, in which free electric charges are produced along the path of an ionizing particle, in combination with high voltage and electrodes to collect the induced electric charges.")
cnt(W7799,"A radical change in morphology during development, (e.g., from a caterpillar to the adult butterfly).")
cnt(W7801,"A radio music format consisting of familiar songs from popular albums of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.")
cnt(W7802,"A radio music format consisting of popular music and golden oldies.")
cnt(W7803,"A radio music format featuring avant-garde music not played by conventional commercial radio stations.")
cnt(W7804,"A radio station's particular sound or programming content.")
cnt(W7805,"A radioactive isotope (as distinguished from a stable isotope) of an element.")
cnt(W7807,"A radioactive nuclide may decay by releasing alpha or beta particles, gamma rays or by electron capture. Each of these types of decay is a decay mode.")
cnt(W7809,"A radiometer with a spectral response designed to match that of the human eye-brain system. Photometers are calibrated in photometric units (SI unit = candela, also referred to as lumens per steradian).")
cnt(W7810,"A radionuclide resulting from the fission of a fissile or fissionable nuclide.")
cnt(W7811,"A rain gauge is a tool used to measure rainfall intensity in a certain location.  There are several types of gauges but they all follow the same principle:a container open to the sky. This container collects the rain and is provided with a scale that allows the reading of the rainfall intensity.")
cnt(W7812,"A raised area of desquamated, keratinised epithelial cells on the exposed part of the conjunctiva and may be readily wiped away.")
cnt(W7813,"A raised bank along the river channel from natural deposition or human activity.")
cnt(W7814,"A raised linear defence against flooding, usually constructed of earth and situated along the banks of a river channel.")
cnt(W7815,"a RAMSAR site in Hong Kong managed by the WWF.")
cnt(W7816,"A random field (process) for which the mathematical expectation of the random value for any spatial (temporal) argument value is equal to zero.")
cnt(W7817,"A random function of time or of time and coordinates.")
cnt(W7818,"A random network in which the interacting cells include a state called spin.")
cnt(W7819,"a random number generator based on using a linear function modulo(m),")
cnt(W7820,"A random point process is Poisson when it is homogeneous in time and its increments are independent.")
cnt(W7821,"a random process with correlation function k(t,s) that depends on the difference t-s only.")
cnt(W7823,"a random value that depends on a spatial (temporal) parameter.")
cnt(W7826,"a random variable which estimates the solution to a numerical problem that is solved with a Monte Carlo procedure,")
cnt(W7828,"A randomized Turing machine that makes no error on all ‘yes’ (resp., ‘no’) inputs.")
cnt(W7829,"A randomized Turing machine that makes no error on all inputs.")
cnt(W7830,"A randomized Turing machine whose error probability is less than some constant on all inputs.")
cnt(W7831,"A range between the developed abilities that a child clearly shows and the latent capacities that the child might be able to show, given the appropriate environment in which to do so.")
cnt(W7833,"a range of an operator A.")
cnt(W7834,"A range of composition within which dissociation pressure becomes constant in the P-C-T diagram.")
cnt(W7835,"A range of equipment run in open holes or cased wells to supply information on geologic or hydraulic parameters in the unsaturated or saturated zones.")
cnt(W7837,"A range of interacting environmental gradients, reflecting animal as well as plant chracteristics. On a global scale, life-zones are synonymous with the major biomes, but the term is mostly used on a local scale (e.g. altitudinal zonation of mountains).")
cnt(W7838,"A range of interest rates on Eurocurrency loans at which there is no incentive to engage in either inward or outward arbitrage.")
cnt(W7839,"A range of sedimentary particle sizes generally between ~ 0.05 mm and 5.0 mm depending on the particular soil classification that constitutes the most common size range along the world’s beaches.")
cnt(W7841,"A range of techniques used to restore a more acceptable level of ecological development on degraded land or water bodies.")
cnt(W7843,"A range of values for a parameter which are consistent with observed data.")
cnt(W7844,"A range of wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum within which radiation is absorbed by a target.")
cnt(W7845,"A ranking of states, from most to least preferred, for a given decision maker where ties are not present.")
cnt(W7846,"A ranking of the sets of natural numbers definable in the language of arithmetic in order of increasing definitional complexity.")
cnt(W7848,"A rapid (few years or less) change of path for a river channel or distributary caused by breaching of the natural levee.")
cnt(W7850,"A rapid polymerization of a monomer/monomer mixture onto the surface of a substrate.")
cnt(W7851,"A rapid speciation event, forming part of the model of evolution by punctuated equilibria.")
cnt(W7852,"A rapid vaporization of a significant amount of liquid under the conditions above the normal boiling temperature or below the vaporization pressure. The vaporization is accompanied by an extremely large volume expansion.")
cnt(W7856,"A rapid, warm-and-cold oscillation that punctuated the last glaciation and may last up to 3000 y. The mean annual temperature may rise by up to 10 ? C within a few decades and then fall abruptly back into glacial conditions.")
cnt(W7857,"a rapid, warm-to-cold oscillation recorded in Greenland ice cores that punctuates the last glaciation and lasts up to three thousand years. The mean annual temperature may rise within few decades up to 10o C and then fall abruptly back into glacial conditions.")
cnt(W7858,"A rapidly developing field that concerns the distribution of genealogical lineages.")
cnt(W7859,"a rapidly swirling part of the flow")
cnt(W7861,"A rate at which a result at some future time is considered equivalent to an alternative result at the current time. For example, a person might select three units of a good in two years as equivalent to one unit today. This represents a high discount rate. Acceptance of a single unit in two years as equivalent to a single unit today represents a zero discount rate.")
cnt(W7862,"A rate at which the amount of soil lost through erosion is no greater than the amount of topsoil formed from subsoil matter.")
cnt(W7863,"A rate imposed on imports below the Tariff Rate Quota.")
cnt(W7864,"A rate imposed on imports beyond the TRQ.")
cnt(W7865,"A rather intensive and concrete form of conservation of a certain conservation target, often comprising formal action steps related to legislation and the establishment of areas especially reserved for the protection purpose (protected area). Often, the protection of a species or an ecosystems excludes the possibility of its use, manipulation or management. ")
cnt(W7867,"A rating of points selected in a region, for example, areas with recreation potential along the Niagara Escarpment, on the basis of travel time from centers of 5,000 population or more. Values may be attributed to the selected points based on their accessibility to population within specified travel times, such as one, two, or three hours from designated population centers. Ratings are customarily recorded on a scale of 1 to 10 -- 10 being the point which is accessible to the greatest number of people within the prescribed travel time.")
cnt(W7868,"A rating specifically for forest fires that combines the constant measure of hazard with the variable measure of risk.")
cnt(W7869,"A ratio between the quantity of heat received by the water surface from the air and the quantity of heat lost for evaporation.")
cnt(W7871,"A ratio estimator used in the simplest instance of capture-recapture sampling.")
cnt(W7872,"A ratio of current water vapor concentration to maximally possible for fixed air temperature one.")
cnt(W7873,"A ratio of estimates of the long-term benefits and costs from an economic decision, typically discounted to net present values.")
cnt(W7874,"A ratio of radiative forcing of the gas considered to that of carbon dioxide.")
cnt(W7876,"a ratio of the water resources (sums of the volumes of local formation waters and half of the inflow from the adjacent territories) to the numbers of population inhabiting it.")
cnt(W7878,"a ratio of the water resources (sums of the volumes of local formation waters and half of the inflow from the adjacent territories) to the region area.")
cnt(W7880,"A rational discourse of the sustainability vision may result in a theoretical system of aspects or elements, which are related and hierarchically structured (by levels and dimensions) and are to be used for modeling and simulating, for reasoning and evaluating actions.")
cnt(W7881,"A rational land use scheme worked out on the basis of economical and social development objectives.")
cnt(W7882,"a ravine or watercourse, which is dry except in the rainy season. Some are almost permanently dry.")
cnt(W7883,"A raw material supplied to a process. In the context of this article it consists of natural gas, coal, and petroleum used for non-fuel applications.")
cnt(W7884,"A reach of supercritical flow controlling the flow upstream of it.")
cnt(W7885,"A reactant species that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons. Nucleophile is a term related with the kinetics of a reaction.")
cnt(W7886,"A reactant species that forms a bond to its reaction partner (the nucleophile) by accepting both bonding electrons by that reaction partner. Electrophile is a term related with the kinetics of a reaction.")
cnt(W7888,"A reaction between two parts within the same molecule, as opposed to the conventional reactions between two reactants which are intermolecular reactions (e.g., intramolecular aldol condensation in dicarbonyl derivatives).")
cnt(W7889,"A reaction carried out in a system consisting of an aqueous phase and an organic solvent immiscible with water.")
cnt(W7891,"A reaction in which a nucleophilic group migrates on an electron-deficient center formed in the same molecule, or an electrophilic group migrates on an electron-rich one.")
cnt(W7895,"A reaction in which hydrogen atoms are eliminated from a molecule.")
cnt(W7896,"A reaction in which nucleophilic or electrophilic reagents are added to an unsaturated bond.")
cnt(W7897,"a reaction in which the formation of one stereoisomer is favored over another.")
cnt(W7898,"a reaction in which the formation of one structural or positional isomer is favored over another.")
cnt(W7899,"A reaction in which two substituents are lost from adjacent carbon atoms.")
cnt(W7900,"A reaction occurs when synthetic polymers are attached to a main backbone chain which can either be a homopolymer or a copolymer.")
cnt(W7901,"A reaction producing macromolecules")
cnt(W7902,"a reaction that affords the two enantiomers of a chiral product in unequal amounts.")
cnt(W7903,"A reaction that exerts inhibitive effects on catalysts, even when present only in small amounts.")
cnt(W7904,"A reaction that initiates its own repetition. In a fission chain reaction, a fissionable nucleus absorbs a neutron and fissions spontaneously, releasing additional neutrons. These, in turn, can be absorbed by other fissionable nuclei, releasing still more neutrons.")
cnt(W7908,"A reaction that is initiated by light.")
cnt(W7909,"A reaction that result in the loss of carbon dioxide.")
cnt(W7911,"A reaction when a molecule absorbs a quantum of sunlight, which can result in breakdown of the molecule into smaller parts.")
cnt(W7912,"A reaction where an achiral or racemic starting material is converted to a chiral compound in which one enantiomer is produced in excess of the other.")
cnt(W7913,"A reactor for simultaneously carrying out a reaction and membrane-based reactant separation.")
cnt(W7916,"A reactor in which finely distributed solids (for example, immobilized cells) are suspended by an upward flow of gas.")
cnt(W7917,"A reactor in which fission is sustained with high energy or high speed (i.e., fast) neutrons.")
cnt(W7919,"A reactor in which the reaction medium and microorganisms are mixed by mechanically driven impellers.")
cnt(W7921,"A reactor that produces some fissionable material but less than it consumes.")
cnt(W7923,"a reagent that forms a bond to its reaction partner by accepting both bonding electrons from that reaction partner.")
cnt(W7924,"A real (or vector) valued function whose domain includes the sample space.")
cnt(W7927,"A real number that represents the payoff or value of a state in a conflict.")
cnt(W7928,"A real number that represents the value or utility of a state in a conflict for a decision maker such that expected utilities accurately describe attitudes to risk.")
cnt(W7929,"A real valued function of the information matrix or of the design expressing the quality of the experiment from some statistical point of view (a good experiment = a small value of the criterion). Basic criteria are denoted as D-, A-,E-, G- optimality criteria.")
cnt(W7930,"a realist approach to studying international negotiation that focuses on the impact of power distribution and asymmetries between parties on the outcome of negotiations")
cnt(W7932,"A real-valued function giving the overall value of the various alternatives.")
cnt(W7933,"A real-valued function numerically representing an individual decision maker’s risk ordering on a given set of alternatives. It quantifies the amount of perceived risk.")
cnt(W7935,"a rearrangement that formally consists of the migration of a s-bond (and the group attached to this bond) from one position in a chain or ring to another position in the chain or ring.")
cnt(W7936,"A reason an agent has to perform an action.")
cnt(W7937,"A reason individual agents have to have a certain result brought about either by themselves or by others.")
cnt(W7938,"A recent tendency in psychology to study human strengths and virtues and to adopt an open and appreciative rather than negative, problem-focused, and defensive perspective regarding human potentials, motives, and capacities.")
cnt(W7939,"a receptacle (as a pit in the earth) for use as a toilet (a fixture for defecation and urination).")
cnt(W7940,"A rechargeable battery using nickel hydroxide positive electrode, metalhydride negative electrode and alkaline electrolyte.")
cnt(W7941,"A rechargeable hydrogen electrode using hydrogen storage alloys.")
cnt(W7942,"A reciprocal trading arrangement usually involving the exchange of goods for goods. Countertrade includes a variety of arrangements such as counterpurchase agreements, reverse countertrade contracts, buyback arrangements, and clearing agreements.")
cnt(W7943,"a recognition that all people have dignity and worth, coupled with a willingness to engage in efforts to abolish social inequities and support human rights.")
cnt(W7945,"A recombination operator introduced in evolution strategies. Discrete recombination works on two vectors of object variables by performing an exchange of the corresponding object variables with probability one half (other settings of the exchange probability are in principle possible). Cf. uniform crossover")
cnt(W7946,"A recombination operator introduced in evolution strategies. Intermediate recombination performs an averaging operation on the components of the two parent vectors")
cnt(W7948,"A reconfiguration of the system an industry uses to handle its fuel and subsequent distribution.")
cnt(W7949,"A reconstructed vortex inserted into analyses to provide a numerical model with a reasonable approximation of a tropical cyclone in data sparse areas.")
cnt(W7950,"A record of the displacement of a point of Earth ground motions produced by an earthquake, explosion, or other ground motion source. If velocity or acceleration is considered, the record is named velocigram or accelerogram, respectively.")
cnt(W7952,"A rectangular array of numbers or scalars from a vector space.")
cnt(W7955,"A rectilinear or nearly rectilinear narrow zone (axis) of earthquake sources distribution reflecting the extended seismogenic faults of the Earth's crust and lithosphere, characterized by specific geodynamics, seismic regime and maximal magnitude of earthquakes.")
cnt(W7956,"A recurrence of different forms of movement of water and changes of its physical state in nature on a given area of the Earth (a river or lake basin, a sea, a continent, Earths land, the World Ocean, or the entire Earth).")
cnt(W7958,"A recursive, bounded, monotone sequence of rationals which does not have a (recursive) real as a limit. This is a notion from Constructive Recursive Mathematics, CRM.")
cnt(W7959,"A red algal ""spore"" arising as a result of fertilization. It contains 2n chromosomes.")
cnt(W7961,"A red stain which combines mainly with alkaline elements of the cells, i.e. with the alkaline groups of cytoplasmic proteins. It is for this reason that such groups or proteins are called eosinophilic.")
cnt(W7962,"A reduced game for a game (cooperative or noncooperative) is a game for a subset of the players derived in some way from the original game on the basis of some solution concept. A corresponding reduced game property entails that the solution payoffs for the players in the reduced game should not be different from their solution payoffs in the original game. The core of an NTU-game is just one solution concept that can be characterized by a reduced game property.")
cnt(W7965,"A reduction in fitness (as a result of fixation of deleterious, recessive alleles) from consistent inbreeding in a normally outbreeding population.")
cnt(W7968,"A reduction in the assessed valuation for property or in the taxation rate.")
cnt(W7969,"A reduction in the gradient of a pipeline or a change from a positive to a negative gradient.")
cnt(W7970,"A reduction in the porosity or permeability of a unsaturated or saturated medium during artificial recharge by physical, biological or chemical processes.")
cnt(W7971,"A reduction in the total quantity of inputs required to produce a given level of output.")
cnt(W7972,"A reduction in the volume of sand at the coast due to natural geologic processes and man’s activities.")
cnt(W7973,"A reduction of impact from a process or program. Carbon mitigation refers to the reduction of carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere.")
cnt(W7974,"A reductionist, descriptive, and investigative strategy for generating explanatory principles of whole systems. Attention is focused on the emergent properties of the whole rather than on the behavior of the isolated parts. The approach involves and generates sympathetic, experiential, and intuitive understanding.")
cnt(W7975,"a reductive elimination is a reaction which involves the loss from a metal center of two one-electron fragments which combine to form a single elimination product. The formal oxidation state of the metal is reduced by two.")
cnt(W7976,"A reef attached to the shore of a continent or island.")
cnt(W7978,"A reevaluation of priorities in technology and the development of initiatives that respect and help the environment.")
cnt(W7979,"A reference frame attached to the deforming rocks. Also called ""material description"".")
cnt(W7981,"A reference to a phenomenon that occurs when emissions of mostly sulfur and nitrogen compounds are transformed by chemical reaction in the atmosphere; and can travel far from the original sources to deposit on land, either in wet or dry form. In the absence of moisture, the deposits are acidic gases or particulates.")
cnt(W7982,"A reference to the surroundings, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interactions—as applicable.")
cnt(W7985,"A refining process used to produce alumina from bauxite.")
cnt(W7986,"A reflected action to initial stimulation.")
cnt(W7988,"A reflection on the legitimacy of the presence of others; an act of constitution of the human world (see agency/culture) that takes place in language; the way we behave (patterns of behavior) once we agree to be together.")
cnt(W7990,"A reflex in the newborn consisting of extension of the arm and sometimes of leg on the side to which the head of forcibly turned, with flexion of the contra-lateral limbs.")
cnt(W7991,"A reformulation and extension of metagame analysis which utilizes option form for representing a conflict as well as the sequential stability and metagame solution concepts for calculating stable states and equilibria.")
cnt(W7992,"A refractory fiber composed of a metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitride, or their mixtures. (In this context, silicon and boron are regarded as metals.)")
cnt(W7993,"A refrigerant used to obtain very low temperatures, e.g., liquid nitrogen and solid carbon dioxide.")
cnt(W7994,"A refrigerator capable of output cooling below temperatures of 253 K.")
cnt(W7995,"A refuse heap from cooking and eating.")
cnt(W7996,"A regeneration method that removes most trees, leaving those needed to produce sufficient shade to produce a new age class in a moderated microenvironment.")
cnt(W7997,"A regeneration or harvest method that removes essentially all trees in a stand.")
cnt(W7998,"A regeneration or harvest method to regenerate and maintain a multi-aged structure by removing some trees in all size classes either singly, in small groups, or in strips.")
cnt(W7999,"A regime for the conservation and utilization of non-living natural resources in common spaces.")
cnt(W8000,"A regime of ecological behavior shown by a system that returns to an equilibrium state after disturbance; the range of system states from which the system will return to a given equilibrium.")
cnt(W8001,"A regime of the functioning of a system which settles in time and whose  characteristics then remain unchanged. In the models, this corresponds to the concept of an attractor.")
cnt(W8002,"a regime with the disturbance of geostrophic balance (e.g., cross-frontal motion).")
cnt(W8003,"A region centered on Nevada that underwent extensive extension beginning in the Middle Miocene. Numerous north-south striking normal faults resulted in mountain ranges separated by broad valleys or basins with thick alluvial fans and playa lake deposits.")
cnt(W8004,"A region in Asia, where the southwesterly monsoon develops in summer and the northeasterly monsoon in winter. It includes generally from South Asia, Southeast Asia to East Asia.")
cnt(W8006,"a region in the phase space from which some trajectories (the basin of repulsion) of a system diverge over time. Also an attractor if time is reversed.")
cnt(W8008,"A region in which a straight line part in a constant pressure area of pressure-composition isotherms inclines from horizontality.")
cnt(W8009,"A region in which earthquakes are known to occur.")
cnt(W8011,"A region near the equator where winds are stagnant.")
cnt(W8014,"A region of DNA involved in initiation of transcription.")
cnt(W8016,"A region of earth’s crust along which extension is taking place. A rift may develop into a divergent plate boundary or a mid-ocean ridge.")
cnt(W8017,"A region of low or high pressure on a climatic map being a statistic result of prevailing pressure systems of one sign over those of opposite sign (cyclones or anticyclones) in the given region.")
cnt(W8019,"A region of meristematic tissue with the potential for developing into leaves, branches, flowers, or combinations of leaves and flowers.")
cnt(W8023,"A region of the Earth that accumulates elastic energy and generates an earthquake.")
cnt(W8025,"A region that covers three mountain ranges:Hindu, Kush, and Himalays, including the whole or parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and China.")
cnt(W8026,"A region that lacks sufficient moisture for crop production without irrigation. The upper annual limit for cool regions is 250 mm (10 in) or less, and for tropical regions as much as 380 - 510 mm (15 -  20 in).")
cnt(W8027,"A region where moisture is normally greater than under arid conditions, but where it still limits the growth of most crops. The upper limit of average annual precipitation in the cool semi-arid regions is 380 mm (15 in), whereas in tropical regions it may be as high as 1140-1270 mm (45-50 in).")
cnt(W8029,"A region within the upper mantle, bordering the lower mantle and at 410–660 km depth, characterized by a rapid increase in density with depth.")
cnt(W8030,"A region, on the lee side of a mountain range, where precipitation is noticeably less than on the windward side. Some arid regions of the Earth are thus rain shadow deserts. The Namib Desert of southwest Africa and the Atacama Desert of Peru and Chile, on the lee side of mountains in the region of the trade winds, have less than 100mm precipitation per year, often only in the form of drizzle.")
cnt(W8032,"A regional economic integration organization constituted by sovereign states of a given region, notably the European Union.")
cnt(W8033,"A regional maximum population capacity means the maximum quantity of population that can be carried by the region under the condition of not damaging the capacity of development in the future in that region. The maximum population capacity is related to many conditions. Technological advance can save resources and energy and hence increase the maximum population capacity. The maximum population capacity can be divided into physiological maximum capacity and social maximum capacity. The former means the maximum quantity of population that can be sustained for long terms under certain technological conditions while the latter means the maximum quantity of population that can be sustained for long terms under some kinds of social system and corresponding resource consumption mode.")
cnt(W8034,"a regionally based gathering of firms in one specific economic sector.")
cnt(W8036,"A regression analysis of a series of human quantitative judgements is use to replace the person who provided the judgements, or recycled in order to improve their perfromance.")
cnt(W8037,"A regression analysis where the relationship between the response and one or more parameters is non-linear.")
cnt(W8039,"A regression diagnostic that measures the change in the predicted value when an observation is omitted, used to identify an outlier.")
cnt(W8040,"A regression diagnostic that measures the change in the slope parameter divided by the standard error of the slope, or the change in the t-statistic after one case is deleted.")
cnt(W8041,"A regression diagnostic where residuals are standardized to units of their standard deviation from their predicted or fitted values. The larger or extreme studentized residual, the greater the concern.")
cnt(W8042,"A regression equation to predict bole volume as a function of  dbh and possibly other measures of tree size, such as height, and taper.")
cnt(W8043,"A regression parameter which is assumed to follow from a distribution, rather than being fixed at the population level.")
cnt(W8045,"A regular closed system with a central ascending and an outer descending mantle