cnt(W1,"has been cornered by the United Nations, which name was coined by F.D.Roosevelt and officially used for the first time in the Declaration of the UN of 1st January 1942, whereby 26 countries pledged to combat the Axis powers) became a world movement in succession to the virtually defunct League of Nations (which was actually dissolved in a last meeting on 8 April 1946 recognising the take-over by the new construct under the assumptive championship of the United States, absent from the League). The Charter, elaborated at Dumbarton Oaks between August and October 1944, was signed on 26 June 1945 at the founding Conference of San Francisco by 50 States and entered into force on 24 October 1945. It provided already then for the right of peoples' self-determination (i.e. de-colonisation) and the development of international co-operation to resolve economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems. The timing seems to indicate that the war was part of a long-term scheme tending to ensure 'natural' rulership to the world's richest country. The means employed obey the same Puritan decorum and hypocrisy as the management of US internal affairs. The UN are instrumental in this scheme as can be seen at occasions like the Korean War or the more recent Persian Gulf War. The UN development scene provides an excellent traffic platform for intelligence work and manipulation. However, the UN earn small returns for offering this opportunity: the US are bad debtors, having systematically paid its contributions at the extreme limit of deprivation of voting rights (they owe now something like 1.5 billion $ arrears), and, what is more, they quitted FAO and UNESCO altogether, while participating in all major meetings as observers at no cost other than representation. However, UNDP, the United Nations Development Programme, which manages the development money, watches, like the World Bank and its affiliates, over the correct distribution of funds to those claimants [cf developees] which ""merit"" the expenditure by obeying certain dictates.Thus international development is a fine alibi for world power politicians to spread influence and monitor the returns.")
cnt(W2,"What an audience is and what audience members are may seem fairly straightforward. Certainly, the huge amounts of money which are ploughed into commercial and other research into audiences' media usage and behaviour seems to suggest that media producers believe that we know what audiences are and how to measure them. However, when you look back over the history of the conceptualizations of audiences and research into them, it pretty soon becomes evident that ""audience"" has always been a rather woolly concept. In the popular imagination, media corporations and advertising agencies conduct intensive research into audiences. They identify the audience members' socio-economic class, lifestyles, motivation, disposable income, fantasies etc. and that knowledge enables them to ""target"" their audience precisely. In fact, though, as Fiske points out, ""The advertising industry is undoubtedly successful at persuading manufacturers and distributors to buy its services : its success in persuading consumers to buy particular products is much more open to question -- between 80 and 90 per cent of new products fail despite extensive advertising. To take another example, many films fail to recover even their promotional costs at the box office"" (Fiske 1989). And ""Because it's a mass audience -- it's an unimaginably large audience -- the audience tastes are so diffused and so general that you've got to be guessing. You can work off precedents about what's worked on TV before. You can work off whatever smattering of sociological information you gleaned from whatever sources. You can let your personal judgments enter into it to some extent ... But you never really know"" (Scott Siegler, former CBS vice-president for drama development, qtd. in Ang 1990). We have access to huge amounts of statistical data about audiences, but the audience remembers remain ""statistics with skins"" (Tracey (1988, cited in Jeffrey 1996). ""Watching television"" is not necessarily the same activity for you as it is for me. In fact, my ""watching television"" is probably not the same for me today as it was yesterday. Our use of the media is closely tied up with the rest of our daily lives and will be conditioned by what we want to get out of it, who we're with, who we discuss it with, where we happen to be and so on. The statistics tell us very little about that. In fact, As Ang expresses it : ""in a multitude of ways, sometimes routine, sometimes exceptional, television plays an intimate r?le in shaping our day-to-day practices and experiences ... However, our understanding of what all these practices and experiences mean, what they imply and implicate, has remained scant. ... Given television's conspicuousness in contemporary culture and society, this poverty of discourse, this lack of understanding is rather embarrassing indeed, if not downright scandalous"" (1990). With new methods of accessing TV (satellite, cable, video rental, ""time-shifting"" using the VCR and so on), audience research is not simply a problem for academic researchers, but a burning issue for media professionals who need to be able to persuade advertisers that they are getting value for money. (Underwood)")
cnt(W3,"Research which focuses on the way that individuals make meanings for media messages (artistic products, news, etc.). Reception Analysis has some similarity with uses and gratifications research, but is much more likely to use an ethnographic approach involving in-depth interviews, participant observation etc. Reception Analysis has developed particularly since the early to mid-1980s. It tends generally to be associated with the view that audiences are active and is generally associated with the notion of resistive readings of media texts, associated with Michel de Certeau. A great deal of recent work has focused on the way that audiences resist the constructions of reality preferred by the mass media and construct their own, often oppositional, meanings for media texts. Since much of this work is concerned with detailed investigation of the audience's reception of media messages, it is generally known as reception analysis. In reception analysis, audiences are seen, as Fiske and de Certeau suggest, as active producers of meaning, not consumers of media meanings. They decode media texts in ways which are related to their social and cultural circumstances and the ways that they individually experience those circumstances. The new emphasis on this approach has led to its being called the New Audience Research. Rather than using solely the questionnaire technique generally used in uses and gratifications research, reception researchers will normally also use qualitative methods on a smaller scale. For example, in-depth interviews and group interviews as a means of uncovering the meanings which small groups of readers generate for media texts, focusing on the audience's ""situatedness"" within a particular socio-historical context. Broadly speaking, reception analysis has developed from a combination of traditional qualitative research strategies in sociology with some of the ideas of reader response theory in literary criticism. From the area of literary criticism Fish's understanding of the interpretive community seems to have been quite fruitful. The focus on interpretive communities means that the researchers in this vein examine issues far beyond the media text itself. Over the past few years, as reception analysis has come to reveal more of the fine detail of our reception of media messages, an ethnographic approach to audience studies has become steadily more popular, using interviews and participant observation, a methodology owing much to the research of David Morley, and Michel de Certeau's theorizing on the practices of everyday life, both in the early 1980s. (Underwood)")
cnt(W4,"The world is entering an age of a knowledge economy. At present, there is but an inkling of this. Hi-tech information, biology, new and renewable energy, new material, space, marine, environmental friendly, and management sciences and technologies are developing rapidly and industrialization is consistently increasing. In the U.S. and other developed countries, the knowledge economy accounts for over 20% of GDP. It is estimated that by the middle of the twenty-first century, the world will enter a brand-new period of economic development : a knowledge economy age. The major development trends of the present world knowledge economy are : (1) Sustainable development. The knowledge economy promotes the coordinated and sustainable development of humankind and nature. With this goal, the guiding principle of economic growth has changed to the scientific, reasonable, comprehensive, and efficient utilization of existing resources and development of unused rich natural resources as substitutes for nearly exhausted rare natural resources. (2) Intangible assets investment. The conventional industrial economy with tangible assets at its heart needs massive capital and equipment. In the knowledge economy, the investment of intangible assets such as knowledge and intelligence is decisive. The appreciating of intangible assets brings about the variation of social values. The more knowledgeable we are, the more opportunities there are for higher payment. (3) Integration of the world economy. The prerequisite for the knowledge economy to achieve sustainable development with the investment of intangible assets is integration of the world economy. Currently, the international division of industries is forming a world production system. Rapid international capital flow and the growth of free trade are helping the global market take shape. Scientific and technological progress as well as the information network is connecting the whole world. Economic globalization promotes an integrated world of mutually dependent and common development. (4) Intellectualization of economic policy making and management. The level of intellectualization of policy making and management of an enterprise will decide its fate. Creative talent will become the core of an enterprise. The development of an enterprise will depend on the quality and quantity of its internationally competent talent. (5) Network of social organizations. The Internet, country net, region net, industry net, and professional net will become the backbone of society. The digital regions formed after information on nature, economy, science and technology, education, and the humanities enters the computer network will become the leading role of social organizations. (6) Bringing hi-tech to pillar industries. The eight new hi-tech industries—information, biology, new energy, renewable energy, new materials, marine, environmentally friendly, and management—will gradually become pillar industries. The conventional pillar industries will eventually be made hi-tech.")
cnt(W5,"(1) To keep a balance between environmental protection and development. Environmental protection and economic development are interrelated as an organic whole. One can neither stress just protection and improvement of the environment and neglect developing, nor can one blindly seek development without considering the tolerance of the eco-environment. Proper approaches must be found for the solution of environmental problems in accordance with the actual conditions of the given country on the bases of fair economic growth, especially for developing countries. (2) To define clearly the main responsibilities for international environmental problems. The existing environmental problems are mainly consequences of the industrialization process of the developed countries in the late twentieth century. These countries should be held responsible for global environmental problems and should undertake more responsibility. (3) To observe the principle of non-interference and to safeguard each country’s sovereignty over its resources. The Stockholm Declaration adopted at the first World Conference on Environment and Development in 1972 provides in Article 21 that the protection, exploration, and utilization of natural resources of a given country is the internal affair of the country itself. (4) To stress the need for involvement of developing countries. In light of the tendency in the current international environmental of neglecting the specific difficulties in developing countries, necessary measures must be taken to ensure full participation of developing countries in the activities and cooperation in international environmental affairs. (5) To give full consideration to the specific needs of developing countries that are faced with more pressing environmental problems in some particular areas. These problems include deterioration of the natural ecology such as degeneration of land, desertification, serious deforestation, and soil erosion as well as problems caused by industrial development such as pollution, acid depletion, and shortage of water. (6) To advocate a knowledge-based economy and to make the best of new and high technologies in the alleviation of environmental problems.")
cnt(W6,"(1) Fairness. “Satisfaction of the needs and desires of human beings are the main purpose of development.” However, there is much unfairness in people’s demand. The fairness implied in sustainable development includes a) fairness for the present generation. Sustainable development must meet the basic needs of all people and give them opportunities to satisfy their desire for a better life. It must provide the world with fair distribution and fair development rights and give special priority to the elimination of poverty in the process of sustainable development. b) Fairness between generations. One generation should not seek for its own development by destroying the conditions, or the natural environment and resources, for later generations to be able to satisfy their needs. All generations should have equal rights to utilize natural resources. c) Fairness in distribution of limited resources. The present reality is that developed countries with 26% of the world’s population are consuming 80% of the world’s energy, iron, steel, and paper. (2) Sustainability. While the Brundtland report (Our Common Future) discussed “demand” in sustainable development, the chair Gro Harlem Brundtland also elaborated on the “constraints.” She said that “sustained development should not be realized by destroying the natural system (the atmosphere, water, soil, living things) that supports the life of the earth. The essence of sustainable development is that economic and social development of humankind should not exceed the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.” (3) Commonality. As the general aim of global development, sustainable development embodies common principles. And it needs global efforts in common to realize that aim. In the preface of Our Common Future, Mrs. Brundtland wrote : “What the divided world needs is to further develop a common understanding and a common sense of responsibility.”")
cnt(W7,"This is a private, non-profit research institute associated with the United Nations University (UNU), UNESCO, the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study (IFIAS), and the Associación de Televisión Educativa Iberoamericana (ATEI). It was founded on March 28, 1963 by a group of Argentine scientists and businessmen for the purpose of furthering research, training, technical assistance, diffusion, and other creative activities in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. It is supported by private, public, national, and international sources. Initially, the Bariloche Foundation developed interdisciplinary programs of creative and applied research as well as technological development in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, conservation of the environment, energy economics, computation and informatics, higher education, socioeconomic development problems, and mathematical simulation models. It also carried out basic research in mathematics, biology, geology, hydrology, ecology, sociology, political science, political philosophy, science policy, and music. As part of the program for advanced musical formation, the Camerata Bariloche, a chamber music orchestra of world renown, was created. From 1990 to 1991, the Bariloche Foundation had significant direct participation in the preparation of the document Our Own Agenda, sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This document presents a regional vision of the environment and development problem. The Bariloche Foundation is developing a wide program of studies related to human and social development, particularly in connection with energy, the environment, and urban development. It has expanded into areas of basic and applied research on subjects of national and regional interest. The environment program has developed a series of studies on economics and development and elaborated a Manual de las Cuentas del Patrimonio Natural (Handbook of Natural Patrimony Accounts) and other documents on environmental impacts of different socioeconomic activities. This program participates actively in the inventory and mitigation of greenhouse effect gases project that Argentina is carrying out with the support of UNDP and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in order to comply with that country’s obligations within the framework of the Climate Change Convention. The Bariloche Foundation also participates in diverse cultural and artistic activities in San Carlos de Bariloche. It sponsored a survey of musical activities in San Carlos de Bariloche that was the point of departure for a new phase of musical development in the region; it put on permanent display an important collection of Latin American Pre-Colombian Art at the local Museum of Patagonia of the National Parks Administration, and made available to the public of Bariloche its social science library through the services of the Sarmiento Public Library, and its geology library through PROGEBA, a research institute in earth sciences.")
cnt(W8,"The gene is the unit of heredity that occupies a fixed position on a chromosome. Genes achieve their effects by directing protein synthesis. They are composed of DNA, except in some viruses that contain RNA instead. An ""animal"" or ""plant"" character is the result of the expression of tens of thousands of genes and the complex interaction between the products of those genes. By means of biotechnology and genetic engineering, scientists can move one gene, the inherited instruction for specific traits, from one organism to another and omit what they see as undesirable traits. This enables food producers to obtain animal and crop improvements in a much more precise, controlled, and predictable manner. Plant breeders were previously limited to introducing traits within the same botanical family, such as wheat to wheat; only pollen from a compatible parent wheat could be used to fertilize the seed-producing plant. The diversity of traits possible from this combination was limited by these genetic compatibility barriers. Today, gene transfer is not confined within crossbreeding species but can cross genetic barriers such as from corn to tomato. A gene for a single trait can be identified and transferred from many sources. The potential benefits of biotechnology are enormous. Food producers can use new biotechnology to produce new products with desirable characteristics. These include disease- and drought-resistant plants, leaner meat, and enhanced flavor and nutritional quality of foods. This technology has also been used to develop lifesaving vaccines, insulin, cancer treatment, and other pharmaceuticals to improve quality of life. However, gene transfer technology has been called into question by some scientists who contend that horizontal gene transfer is designed to cross species barriers and to jump into genomes, and that it has homologies to the DNA of many species and their genetic parasites (plasmids, transposons, and viruses), thereby enhancing recombination with all of them. Transgenic constructs contain new combinations of genes that have never existed, and they also amplify gene products that have never been part of our food chain. So the horizontal gene transfer could represent several health risks, such as antibiotic resistance genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria; disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases; or transgenic DNA inserting into human cells, triggering cancer.")
cnt(W9,"""A set of agreed cost-effective measures and actions, including future courses of action, which ensures prudent foresight, reduces or avoids risk to the resource, the environment, and the people, to the extent possible, taking explicitly into account existing uncertainties and the potential consequences of being wrong."" (Garcia, 1996).")
cnt(W10,"""Ampferer-type"" of subduction, in which the lower plate of continental or oceanic crust is underthrust below the upper continental plate and remains preserved within the lithosphere.")
cnt(W11,"""Benioff-type"" of subduction, whereby an oceanic lithosphere sinks directly into the mantle along an inclined surface.")
cnt(W12,"""bride price"", usually paid in cattle, for the purpose of providing a form of insurance for the safety of women in Xhosa society.")
cnt(W13,"""Burndown"" herbicide that when applied kills plants unless they have been genetically modified for tolerance of the herbicide.")
cnt(W14,"""Careless harvesting"" is a relative term. A variety of techniques can be used during harvesting. The more effort that is placed on collecting every seed, the more expensive the harvest becomes. There is a cost/benefit point at which it is more efficient to stop collecting seeds and pursue other food sources. It is likely that harvesting techniques left a substantial number of seeds in the field. The same situation occurs today, where mechanical harvesters recover a substantial proportion of the crop, but they never collect everything. On some potato farms today people are allowed to forage in the fields after the mechanical harvest has been completed. With seed grains, pigs and other animals are often turned loose on fields after the mechanical harvest is completed. In both cases, edible seeds and tubers remain, but the price a farmer can get for his harvest does not justify the additional effort.")
cnt(W15,"""Catch of species other than the intended target species in a fishing operation. By-catch can either be discarded or landed"" (Alverson et al., 1994).")
cnt(W16,"""Closed"" rearing system in which some amount of water is periodically lost or removed, and then replaced.")
cnt(W17,"""Containing"", in a logical sense. A procedure p is said to embed another procedure q if every time p is performed, q is too, but not vice-versa. Notice that p is at a metalevel with respect to q.")
cnt(W19,"""Creative work undertaken on a systematic level in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.""")
cnt(W20,"""Data about the data"" or data that describes the characteristics of a spatial dataset such as the custodian of the data, its quality, geographic extent, format, structure, update frequency, access procedures and/or restrictions, and any reports or other documents that relate to its usage.")
cnt(W21,"""Depiction of life."" Depicting what is before one’s eyes, as it is. The ideal of writers who aimed especially at fidelity to nature.")
cnt(W22,"""Designing sustainable solutions"" is based on an analysis of needs and a search for sustainable, positive solutions. This implies the definition of a point ""zero"" which separates sustainable from nonsustainable solutions on a axis of sustainability. Example:ecologic mobility can be defined as ""methods"" which enable people to move faster over longer distances while consuming the same energy as on foot. Bicycles and elevators qualify in this sense as ""methods"" of ecologic mobility. Designing sustainable solutions means to look primarily for new or improved ""methods"" on the right (positive) side of point ""zero,"" with respect to ecologic, social and economic issues.")
cnt(W23,"""development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"".")
cnt(W24,"""Flow"" is placed against the concept of ""stock"". National income or net domestic product (NDP) comes from value added and constitutes flow in an economy, which means the flow of goods or materials and services. Moreover, flow consists of not only NDP but also immediate consumption in industry, including depreciation or depletion of assets in production. On the other hand, national income or NDP consists of consumption (final consumption) and investment or savings. Investment adds to stock. The wealth of a nation is the sum of nationally aggregated assets or stock, which produces value added as capital. Stock consists of goods or material and, concretely, is represented by machines, tools, buildings, infrastructure, land, etc.")
cnt(W26,"""Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point."" A food safety management system that identifies, monitors, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety and which uses an in-process, preventive approach to assure the safety of the end product.")
cnt(W27,"""I novel."" A form of novel that evolved in the Meiji period (1868-1912) told in the first person and directly based on the author’s own personal emotions and reactions; also called shi-shosetsu.")
cnt(W28,"""in the body""")
cnt(W29,"""Japanese verse,"" later used exclusively to mean tanka.")
cnt(W30,"""job waiters"" and ""off-the-job workers"" were concocted terms. ""Job waiters"" usually refers to people who have reached the working age, but for the time being cannot find jobs. ""Off-the-job workers"" refers to workers who have not terminated their labor contracts with their employers but do not have work to do.")
cnt(W31,"""Linked verse."" Originally a tanka in which the first three 5-7-5 syllable lines were composed by one poet and the concluding two 7-7 syllable lines by another.")
cnt(W32,"""Multi-agent decision making (MADM)"" deals with decision-making with multiple decision-makers. ""Group decision making"" is a synonym of MADM. In some problems multiple decision-makers are conflicting each other, and in another problems they have similar preference.")
cnt(W33,"""Multi-attribute utility function"" is a utility function of multiple attributes that is used for multiple criteria decision making. Each attribute describes a measure to evaluate each criterion.")
cnt(W34,"""Multi-attribute utility"" appears in the multi-attribute utility theory in which each attribute describes a measure to evaluate each criterion of the multiple criteria.")
cnt(W35,"""Multi-objective decision analysis"" is a general term of systems methodology to support various aspects of multiple criteria decision making. There exist two streams of approach. One is multi-objective mathematical programming approach, and the other is utility theoretic approach. In this article the latter approach is employed.")
cnt(W36,"""Natural units"" of behavior; circumscribed and stable systems of human activities that accompany specific spatial-temporal characteristics concomitant with the same behaviors.")
cnt(W37,"""Naturalism,"" specifically Japanese naturalism popular in the first decades of the twentieth century. It was a style of writing fiction which supposedly attempted to achieve the same effects as the European, especially French, naturalism of the nineteenth century.")
cnt(W38,"""New growth,"" tumor or cancer.")
cnt(W39,"""Non-trade"" concern.")
cnt(W40,"""Not In My BackYard syndrome"" opposition out of emotional grounds.")
cnt(W42,"""Of its own kind"", in this case meaning a system of property protection as distinct from patents. It is always used only to refer to plants, but it could, theoretically be a system of property protection for any invention.")
cnt(W43,"""Philosophy"" of the arts. In this context aesthetic includes also ugliness. The original Greek word meant perception, view of the world.")
cnt(W44,"""Picture element"" is the ground area corresponding to a single element of a digital image data set. A two-dimensional ensemble of pixels forms the geometric grid on which an image is built.")
cnt(W45,"""politically correct thinking"", homogenized thinking of one standardizing idea, and a One-Idea-system.")
cnt(W46,"""praise"" singer")
cnt(W47,"""Primeval forest"" or ""virgin forest"" not directly disturbed by settled human activities.")
cnt(W48,"""Programa Ambiental Regional para Centroamérica,"" an environmental program for Central America financed by the US Agency for International Development (USAID)")
cnt(W49,"""programmed cell death"".")
cnt(W50,"""quantifiable"" human influence on climate")
cnt(W51,"""Quiet time"" denotes average over the undisturbed days. Such ""quiet time"" conditions display a regular daily variation, which is identified with the solar day (Sq). Whenever subtracting it, and investigating some additional regularity, a much smaller regular variation is recognized, associated with the lunar-daily variation (L).")
cnt(W52,"""Recovery of Historical Memory"" report by ODHAG.")
cnt(W53,"""reduced gravity"" g??/? where ?? is the density difference between the two layers assumed by this expression")
cnt(W54,"""Refers to the management system as a whole (including support activities such as stock assessment) geared towards the achievement of specific management objectives. A management strategy can be defined more narrowly as the combination of a particular data collection system, a particular stock assessment technique, and a particular harvest control rule and its implementation. In such a way, alternative management strategies can be compared with each other via simulation."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W55,"""Solar"" in its wider definition connotes all aspects of energy sources which can be traced to the action of the sun. These include solar thermal, photovoltaic, biomass, bio energy, wind, and wave energy (and, strictly speaking, also fossil fuels, excluded from our definition). In this sense, ""solar"" describes renewable forms of energy that create neither greenhouse gas emissions nor non-degradable and/or toxic waste. A solar energy economy would exhibit dramatically altered urban development dynamics globally, regionally, and locally.")
cnt(W56,"""Sustainable"" means that youth development has the capacity to be sustained over time. The concept of intergenerational justice linked with sustainability means that sustainability of development can be measured in a real sense only if the process of change results in intergenerational justice that can be maintained over time.")
cnt(W57,"""Talk of things."" A general term for narrative material.")
cnt(W58,"""The application of statistical and mathematical tools to relevant data, in order to obtain a quantitative understanding of the status of the stock as needed to make quantitative predictions of the reactions of the stock to alternative future regimes."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W59,"""The distribution of fishing mortality over the age composition of the stock, determined by the type of fishing gear and the distribution, spatial and seasonal, of fishing, and by the growth and migration of the individuals. In other words, it is the combined effect of gear selectivity and fish availability."" (Restrepo, 1999).")
cnt(W60,"""The Indian art,"" the Arab term for mathematics.")
cnt(W61,"""The study of circular causal, and feedback mechanisms in biological and social science"" (Macy Conferences); later, ""Communication and control in the animal and the machine"" (Wiener’s eponymous book).")
cnt(W62,"""The study of observed systems"" (von Foerster).")
cnt(W63,"""The study of observing systems"" (von Foerster). Also, the study of cybernetics from a point of view informed by the understandings developed in cybernetics.")
cnt(W64,"""Validity"" is the technical term for the correctness of empirical research. As the research may be correct in more than one way, psychologists are concerned with various types of validity, namely, internal validity, external validity, ecological validity, and practical validity.")
cnt(W65,"""Value function"" usually represents preference of a decision-maker under certainty. ""Value function under risk"" deals with the cases where there exist risks with known probability for each event.")
cnt(W66,"""Way of gods."" Japanese indigenous religion characterized by the worship of nature-ancestor gods.")
cnt(W67,"""weather""-related")
cnt(W68,"""World population is now about 6 billion people. Three billion live with less than 2$ per day, 1.3 billion with less than 1$ per day, and annually 40 million die of hunger. If the present trend goes on, the number of absolute paupers will reach 1.9 billion by 2015, the deadline fixed by the UN to reduce poverty by half. (figures as per 12 October 1999). From : http://www.unic-tunis.intl.tn/poverl.htm")
cnt(W69,"(""coniferous woods"" in Turkic) is a type of biome with coniferous boreal (see boreal climate) woods in temperate zone of Northern hemisphere, in Northern America and Eurasia. The taiga occupies 10 % of dry land of the Earth. In mountains it forms a high-altitude zone (a mountain taiga); on plains it forms a natural zone (a taiga zone) which is located between a forest-tundra zone in the north and a zone of the mixed woods in the south.")
cnt(W70,"(""on site"") In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.")
cnt(W71,"(= biological fungicide), a pest control product derived from a living organism that destroys or suppresses the growth of fungi that cause plant disease.")
cnt(W72,"(= pallial cavity) a cavity enclosing the gills (when present) and, usually, the kidney openings and the anus. It also often contains special structures such as the hypobranchial gland and the osphradium. In most mollusks the mantle cavity opens posteriorly but in gastropods it opens anteriorly. In cephalopods it opens forwards behind the head and has muscular walls that can pump water enabling many squids and their relatives to swim by jet propulsion.")
cnt(W73,"(= shoal, shallows). A water depth, less than the designated depth.")
cnt(W74,"(=Nieuw Amsterdams Peil). National standard of altitude in The Netherlands, based on mean sea level.")
cnt(W75,"(1) A building in which two or more pumps operate to supply fluid flowing at adequate pressure to a distribution system. (2) A building in which are located and operated the pumps of a system of irrigation, drainage or the like.")
cnt(W76,"(1) A device that has a crest and some side containment of geometric shape, such as a rectangle, and is used to measure flow. (2) Diversion dam.")
cnt(W77,"(1) a geological process (usually in upper sedimentary cover) characterized by formation of large hollows (cavities) in rock massif as a result of dissolution of rock material (limestone, salt, gypsum, etc.) by moving water; (2) an area of relief caused by such process resulted in formation of sinks, ravines, and caves with underground streams. of the word ‘karst’ is from the name of a limestone plateau (Italy, Slovenia), north of Trieste.")
cnt(W78,"(1) A process for the purification of mixtures of human and other domestic wastes; the process can be aerobic or anaerobic. (2) The processing of wastewater for the removal or reduction in the level of dissolved solids or other undesirable constituents.")
cnt(W79,"(1) A soft, soupy or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. (2) Any semi-solid waste, as from a chemical process or sewage treatment plant.")
cnt(W80,"(1) ability of natural systems (e.g. groundwater, land, forest, surface water, etc.) and ecosystems to repair (restore, remedy) themselves with time after natural and technogenic accidents and catastrophes (e.g. earthquakes, fires, volcanic eruptions, droughts, accidental chemical or radioactive fallouts, etc.) without external interference; (2) process of such repair.")
cnt(W81,"(1) All subsurface water, as distinct from surface water; that part of the subsurface water in the saturated zone. (2) Subsurface water occupying the saturation zone, from which wells, springs or streams are fed.")
cnt(W82,"(1) Combined use of groundwater and surface water. (2) The joining together of two sources of irrigation water, such as groundwater and surface water, to serve a particular piece of land.")
cnt(W83,"(1) European Foundation for Quality Management; (2) a method for quality management developed by this foundation; (3) a version of this method, especially developed for university organisations")
cnt(W84,"(1) Force acting at right angles to a specified area, N. (2) In rheology, force acting at right angles to an applied shear stress, N.")
cnt(W85,"(1) Hereditary diversity, including the difference between individuals of the same species and that between different species groups; (2) species diversity, which is the different types of animals and plants and other living things in an area; (3) bio-community or ecosystem diversity, which is the diverse habitats in an area such as grassland, marshland, or forest areas; and (4) functional diversity, which is the different functions of living things in a system. Biodiversity has the value of utility.")
cnt(W86,"(1) Household and commercial wastewater that contains human waste. (2) Water polluted by and discharged from all types of sanitary appliances, including medical, industrial, domestic, etc.")
cnt(W87,"(1) In classical fluid mechanics, a synonym of coefficient of viscosity used to distinguish this quantity from kinematic viscosity, ? , Pa.s. (2) In rheology, quotient of the part of stress in phase with the rate of strain under sinusoidal conditions, ? ’, Pa.s.")
cnt(W88,"(1) mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated, or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable quantities in nature, as by the action of pressure, heat, water, etc., during geological processes. (2) a particular kind of such matter:igneous rock, sedimentary rock.")
cnt(W89,"(1) Movement of layer of material relative to parallel adjacent layers. (2) Abbreviation of shear strain.")
cnt(W90,"(1) Practicality. People can use natural resources. This is the basic property of natural resources. Natural resources usually have many uses, or many functions. There is a very close relation between the practicality and rarity of natural resources. (2) Systematism. Every natural resource is a complicated system that does not exist alone but interrelates, influences, and interacts with other natural resources. However, in this system, each resource exists independently, with its own characteristics. (3) Irregularity and regionality of spatial distribution. The combinations and match of resources vary in different regions. Utilization of natural resources in line with local conditions is a basic principle.")
cnt(W91,"(1) Qualitatively, property of a material that increasingly resists deformation as rate of deformation increases. (2) Quantitatively, measure of this property, defined as shear stress divided by the rate of shear in steady simple-shear flow.")
cnt(W92,"(1) The liquid or solid products of the condensation of water vapor falling from clouds or deposited from air on the ground. It includes rain, snow, mist, hail, dew, sleet, glaze, rime, frost, hoar frost, ice needles, etc., not including fog, ice fog, drifting snow, ice crystals, etc. (2) The amount of precipitation on a horizontal surface in an hour, a day, a month or a year.")
cnt(W93,"(1) The means for determining the outcome of a dispute by resort to general principles of right that are recognized as law. (2) The mechanisms adopted in a legal system to mitigate the burdens created by overly strict applications of law to specific circumstances. (3) The body of laws that arise through the operation of equity according to definition (1) or for the purpose of definition (2).")
cnt(W95,"(1) The obtaining, use, and discard of materials and energy by households and individuals; (2) the same as version one, but including governments and firms; (3) all human and human-induced transformations of material and energy.")
cnt(W96,"(1) The removal of surface water or groundwater from a given area by natural means such as gravity, or by artificial means such as pumping. (2) The process of surface discharge of water from an area by stream flow and sheet flow, and the removal of excess water from soil by downward flow.")
cnt(W97,"(1) the state or quality of rock to be porous. (2) The ratio of aggregated pore space to the volume of the entire mass:used as a measure of the amount of fluid, as water, oil or gas, that a geologic stratum might hold.")
cnt(W98,"(1980s) era of stagnant and/or regressive economic growth in Latin America.")
cnt(W99,"(1a,2ß,3a?4a?5a?6ß)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane")
cnt(W101,"(a) conflicts (possibly violent) induced by scarcity or degradation of renewable resources; (b) conflicts of interest that arise over the utilisation of renewable resources with negative consequences on other actors")
cnt(W102,"(a) Defined according to DeFelice (1979) as foods, or parts of food, that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. (b) Defined according to Zeisel (1999) as diet supplements that deliver a concentrated form of a presumed bioactive agent from a food (i.e. at dosage levels exceeding those that could be obtained from normal food), presented in a non–food matrix, and used to enhance health.")
cnt(W103,"(a) Susceptibility to loss, damage, destruction or casualty in future disasters; or (b) potential for loss or harm.")
cnt(W104,"(Abbr. BW)Also known as germ warfare is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary.")
cnt(W105,"(abbreviated as 'ant') one of the features in distinctive feature theory. It is relevant only for coronals, which are specified as ? +ant? if they are articulated not further back in the oral cavity than the coronal ridge.")
cnt(W107,"(according to Lvi-Strauss) consider change as normal.")
cnt(W108,"(according to Lvi-Strauss) defined by the will to prevent any change. Things repeat themselves unceasingly. But that ""cold"" cultures are not out of history and not without history.")
cnt(W109,"(According to the Beijing Platform of Action) Are ""the recognition of the basic right that all couples and individuals have to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing, and timing of their children, and to have the information, and the means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. It also includes the right to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion, and violence, as expressed in human rights documents.""")
cnt(W110,"(alkalinophile, basophile), an organism that grows best under alkline conditions, such as in soda lakes etc.")
cnt(W111,"(Also aquatic plants/macroalgae) multicellular primary producers growing in salt water. In the context of marine harvests these three terms are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W112,"(also called hue or color) refers to the relative brightness or color of elements on a photograph.")
cnt(W113,"(also called interstem) is a portion of stem grafted between the scion and an understock. It can act as a bridge between two incompatible graft partners, or more commonly act to reduce or dwarf the scion without significantly affecting root growth in the understock.")
cnt(W114,"(also called microtubers) are produced in tissue culture for crops that normally produce tubers. They can be used as a source of disease free plants or as a micropropagation method.")
cnt(W115,"(also called Ockam's razor) the principle that in scientific or philosophical argumants one should prefer the hypothesis that assumes the minimum number of steps or the minimum number of assumptions. In fact there are several different locical and mathematical implementations of this general principle and they produce different results")
cnt(W116,"(Also called partial achievement function):a scalarizing function, which reflects the level of satisfaction of the user for each value of a criterion.")
cnt(W117,"(also called point, one-dimensional, or omnidirectional waves) are vertical fluctuations of the water surface elevation at a fixed point or location")
cnt(W118,"(also called synseeds) are somatic embryos encapsulated in a protective cover that could be a source of clonal seeds for propagation.")
cnt(W119,"(also corporation, enterprise) a private organization to manufacture, produce, and sell goods and services in markets, governed by managers for the benefit of its investors under the laws and charters of the various countries in which it operates.")
cnt(W120,"(also described as biotic equations)are difference equations that model bipolar feedback. They generate steady state equilibrium, periodicities, chaos and bios.")
cnt(W121,"(also drainage basin, watershed). An integrated drainage system comprising the pathways of water movements, from where precipitation falls on the land surface to its outlet via streams and rivers to the sea (or wetlands, lakes, dams, estuaries). The term usually refers to surface water but it can also include groundwater movements.")
cnt(W122,"(Also known as conditioning plot) sequence of plots, often presented as an array, each panel containing a plot of a response versus a predictor where the displayed observations are those whose value of another predictor is within a specified range. The set of conditioning ranges usually spans the entire range of the second predictor variable. See also trellis displays.")
cnt(W123,"(also known as induction or B-field) A vector field defined by B = µoH in free space and B = µo(H + M) within a magnet, where µo = 4p 3 1027 TmA-1.")
cnt(W124,"(also known as magnetizing force or H-field) A vector field occupying physical space wherein magnetic forces may be detected; typically in the presence of a permanent magnet or a current-carrying conductor.")
cnt(W125,"(Also often called Hydraulic Residence Time). The average time a fluid particle remains in a vessel, defined as volume of the vessel divided by flow rate of the fluid applied to the vessel.")
cnt(W126,"(also referred to as “halocarbons”) compounds of carbon and halogens (normally fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine), many of which are involved in the depletion of the ozone layer; the group includes chlorofluorocarbons")
cnt(W127,"(also referred to as soil peds or soil aggregates) aggregation of primary particles (sand, silt, and clay) and organic matter with individual structural units separated by pores and planes of weaknesses. Soil structure is the real architecture of soil. Common types of structure include granular, blocky, prismatic, and platy.")
cnt(W128,"(also spelled mollusc). Phylum Molluska, comprising clams, snails, and all the shellfish.")
cnt(W129,"(also:  'prosodic') an attribute given to phonological phenomena associated with units larger than individual segments.")
cnt(W130,"(also: 'unary', 'monovalent', 'privative') attribute given to a distinctive feature which, as opposed to binary features, is single-valued, such as place features like 'labial'. Segments are seen as either having such a feature or not being specified for it.")
cnt(W131,"(as opposed to a ‘top-down’ approach) There is little doubt that there will continue to be a increasing emphasis on giving the public user groups more responsibility in the planning and management of systems. This has resulted from a growing recognition that top-down planning and management plans do not always work well.")
cnt(W132,"(Bible) the first book of the Old Testament, describing the creation of the world")
cnt(W133,"(Biogenics) chemical elements necessary for growth and development of vegetation. The main nutrients are carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen. In aquatic ecosystems increased nutrient concentrations stimulate the process of eutrophication, negatively influencing water quality and aquatic biota.")
cnt(W134,"(biomass of plants) cumulated value of ecosystem production for certain age interval. It serves as initial estimate for calculating of biological resources and carbon stock.")
cnt(W135,"(Central American System of Protected Areas)")
cnt(W136,"(cf. modernization):A currently popular, but problematic, social theory concept which refers to the idea of overcoming social and ecological problems and all negative consequences caused by the modernization process itself by making this process reflexive (i.e., by being aware of and taking into account the fact that societal modernization not only solves problems but is a source for problems itself).")
cnt(W137,"(curing compounds; accelerators; bonding agents and sealers) various chemical added to uncured concrete to alter it’s properties.")
cnt(W138,"(dam, Holland) is a construction in the form of a soil embankment, having in most cases, trapezoidal cross section, a very stable form of construction.")
cnt(W139,"(digester, latrine, pigsty and green house)")
cnt(W140,"(duality of patterning) a fundamental feature of human language, as opposed to other systems of communication, referring to the analyzability of language into two abstract levels, one consisting of meaningful units and one consisting of segments which in themselves do not carry meaning, but combined together produce meaningful units.")
cnt(W141,"(e.g. particle size) distribution with several maximum values.")
cnt(W142,"(ENSO:El Niño-Southern Oscillation) periodic climate oscillation that affects the Pacific Ocean every 5-7 years and last approximately 1 year. During the ENSO the trade winds and the resulting south equatorial current weaken or stop. The equatorial upwelling also stops and abnormally high sea surface temperatures (SSTs) establish over the eastern Pacific, while the western Pacific is cooler than usual. El Niño is followed by La Niña during which opposite conditions prevail. The 1997-1998 ENSO was the strongest of the century, perhaps of the millennium.")
cnt(W143,"(Environmental Impact Assessment) Identification and prediction of impacts on the environment and human health and well-being of legislative proposals, policies, programs, projects and operational procedures and to interpret and communicate information about the impact.")
cnt(W144,"(f+?)/h where h is a layer depth in this case (? is vorticity); this is conserved in a frictionless ocean.")
cnt(W145,"(fish) moving from the sea to fresh water for reproduction")
cnt(W146,"(Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) index), an index that allows for more adequate evaluation of income differentiation among the poor. It gives relatively greater weight to the poverty shortfalls of those households far below the poverty line.")
cnt(W147,"(fr. langue d’élaboration, engl. ausbau language / elaborated language): language variety or language form that is on the way of becoming a separate language as a consequence of extra-linguistic processes explicitly aiming at raising the status of the language variety under consideration.")
cnt(W148,"(fr. langue par distanciation, engl. abstand language / language by distance): language that, in matters of structural features and mutual intercomprehensibility, differs to such an extent from or is so distant to another language form that it cannot be regarded as a dialect of this language.")
cnt(W149,"(French, commonly taken over in other languages):  Dense and thick vegetal association that characterizes siliceous soils in Mediterranean countries.")
cnt(W150,"(French, commonly taken over in other languages): Low and sparse secondary vegetation of calcareous soils after forest destruction in Mediterranean countries.")
cnt(W151,"(from a classical thermodynamics point of view) is a property designated S and is defined as dS=(dQ/T)int rev.")
cnt(W152,"(from Greek pyr-fire and klao- to brake) detrital rocks formed during volcanic eruptions.")
cnt(W154,"(From the Greek word rheo -   to flow). This is the study of flow and deformation of matter, which investigates the relationship between the forces acting on matter and the resulting deformation over a given period.")
cnt(W156,"(From the Mayan ts’onot, well) flooded collapse depression on flat limestone plain.")
cnt(W157,"(general definition) the conscious human modification of forests to provide a sustained supply of specific resources, non-resource values and environmental services; (specific definition) the application of scientific principles to the administration of a forest area to achieve identified management objectives:intermediate in hierarchy between policy and silviculture.")
cnt(W158,"(German organization.) TUV provides CE Marking Services, Product Safety Services, EMC Testing, and Quality Assurance Services in accordance with ISO 9000 and EN 46000 series standards.")
cnt(W159,"(Gletscher in German) Mass of the ice which moves very slowly down a mountain valley. Ice, formed abowe firn line (snow line) from the firn and snow, as a result of snow metamorphizm.")
cnt(W160,"(GNP)")
cnt(W161,"(hydrological cycle) is a continuous and closed process of circulation of water on earth. Water cycle may be divided simply into four parts: precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration and storage in the air or in the land")
cnt(W162,"(i) Adjective referring to an environmental factor (for example, oxygen) that is always required for growth or (ii) organism that can grow and reproduce only by obtaining carbon and other nutrients from a living host, such as obligate symbiont.")
cnt(W163,"(i) Atmospheric (ionospheric)—results from the thermal tide in the ionosphere, it is responsible for Sq and L currents; and (ii) geodynamo (or deep earth’s)—operative in terms of magnetohydrodynamic processes in the earth’s core, and responsible for the generation of the main magnetic field of the earth.")
cnt(W164,"(i) Having molecular oxygen as a part of the environment, (ii) growing only in the presence of molecular oxygen, as in aerobic organisms, or (iii) occurring only in the presence of molecular oxygen, as in certain chemical or biochemical processes such as aerobic respiration.")
cnt(W165,"(i) The absence of molecular oxygen, (ii) growing in the absence of molecular oxygen, or (iii) occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen.")
cnt(W166,"(I). A numerical index (generally from I to XII) describing effects of an earthquake on the Earth's surface, on humans, structures and/or the land itself. The intensity at the point depends not only on a strength of the earthquake (magnitude) but also on a distance from the earthquake to the point, spectral characteristics, and the local geology at that point. Structural engineers usually contribute information for assigning intensity VII or above.")
cnt(W167,"(immunology + biotechnology) includes production of derivatives of the immune system by means of biotechnology and utilization of these products for prophylaxis, diagnostics and therapy.")
cnt(W168,"(in arctic or subarctic regions) permanently frozen subsoil ground.")
cnt(W169,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is ""Endangered"" when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Endangered as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W170,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is ""Vulnerable"" when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for ""Vulnerable"" as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W171,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria for Critically Endangered as indicated in Section V of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.")
cnt(W172,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed ""Extinct in the Wild"" when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.")
cnt(W173,"(In IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1). A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), and throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form.")
cnt(W174,"(in organic chemistry): An organic ring structure incorporating a metal ion which becomes inactivated and, thus, becomes unavailable to plants.")
cnt(W175,"(in reference to proteins):an amino acid.")
cnt(W176,"(in Russian): the State Plan of Electrification of Russia—the first long-term concrete program in Soviet Russia for reconstruction and industrialization of economy after the Civil War.")
cnt(W177,"(includes leach drains, drain fields, absorption trenches, seepage beds, and seepage pits) subsurface land application systems that rely on the capacity of the soil to accept and transmit the applied hydraulic load.")
cnt(W178,"(internal) energy (J)")
cnt(W179,"(ISO:volumic mass) is a measure of mass per unit of volume.")
cnt(W180,"(Kartennull or Seekartennull). Local mean low water level.")
cnt(W181,"(knowledge-based economy) A term used to denote an economy that is centrally dependent on knowledge as a factor of production.")
cnt(W182,"(Lesotho) Highlands Church Solidarity Action Group.")
cnt(W183,"(LIght Detection And Ranging) or (Light Identification, Detection And Ranging).")
cnt(W184,"(Liquefied natural gas) Natural gas is liquefied for transportation from the production area.")
cnt(W185,"(Log-) location-scale family (a family of distributions with a special parametric structure).")
cnt(W186,"(Log-) location-scale family (a family of distributions with a special parametric structure).")
cnt(W187,"(Luni-solar) periodic motion of Earth’s rotation axis in space.")
cnt(W188,"(mad cow disease) A fatal brain disease in cattle that may be transmissible to humans through contaminated beef. It is thought to be linked to a similar disease in sheep called scrapie and is suspected of being related to Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans.")
cnt(W189,"(MDI) Methylene di-P phenylene isocyanate., a common adhesive used in engineered wood products.")
cnt(W190,"(Messenger RNA) is an RNA transcript that includes the coding sequences for at least one peptide.")
cnt(W191,"(microns to several hundreds of microns). Present in all marine regions, they can be extremely important. They use cilia for locomotion, and eventually food capture. They feed on small phytoflagellates and zooflagellates, small diatoms and bacteria.")
cnt(W192,"(Molten carbonate fuel cells) Molten carbonate fuel cells use carbonate salts of alkali metals as electrolyte.")
cnt(W193,"(of a disease) temporarily prevalent and widespread in an animal population.")
cnt(W194,"(of a substance) defined as the enthalpy change for a reaction in which one mole is completely reacted with oxygen.")
cnt(W195,"(of natural resources) the sustainable use and continued protection of natural resources to ensure they are not depleted.")
cnt(W196,"(of shear test sample) The condition where the consolidating load acting on a sample at shear failure is just adequate to contain the sample at constant volume during the shearing process. See critical state.")
cnt(W197,"(of the comb of the dam, of the water level) is a vertical distance from horizontal plane, accepted as the beginning of the mark fill the examined element.")
cnt(W198,"(of the marine environment is a complex of various actions of human society, resulting in an increased level of harmful substances and appearance of new compounds in the marine environment as well as in excessive increase of temperature, noise, radiation, etc.")
cnt(W199,"(often abbreviated to “climate change” and sometimes referred to as “global warming”) changes in global and regional climate caused directly or indirectly by anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases")
cnt(W200,"(or nubbin) very small coral colony propagated in aquarium from cuttings; isolated polyps or fragments of branches.")
cnt(W201,"(Or photolysis) A chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of light by one or more of the reactants.")
cnt(W202,"(or simply, Equilibrium) A strategy vector from which unilateral deviations are not profitable.")
cnt(W203,"(or wishes) are socially determined and they have a deep influence on individual’s consumer behavior.")
cnt(W204,"(Orig.) The science of planning and directing large-scale military operations and of maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual engagement with the enemy. In land use planning: Coordinated action involving the set up of technical tools and steps for achieving policy objectives.")
cnt(W205,"(Pacto Andino – Acuerdo Cartagena) a Cartage accord constituting a subregional association of Andean States for economic integration in the form of a common market.")
cnt(W206,"(Parallel strand lumber) a structural engineered wood product made from long strips of wood laid in parallel and glued under heat and pressure into beams.")
cnt(W207,"(PC) A general-purpose microprocessor system designed to interface to a large variety of peripherals that may be useful to the general user.")
cnt(W208,"(PGA). The maximum value of ground motion acceleration as it is displayed on an accelerogram. At the strongest earthquakes the PGA can exceed the value of acceleration of gravity.")
cnt(W209,"(Phosphoric acid fuel cells) Phosphoric acid fuel cells use phosphoric acid solution as electrolyte")
cnt(W210,"(Photochemical or oxidizing smog) Air pollution events characterized by the presence of combustion-generated nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and aerosols, along with the photochemical reaction products ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates, and aerosols.")
cnt(W211,"(plural of mitochondrion) A tiny organ within the inner structure of all living things consisting of two sets of membranes – a smooth outer coat and an inner coat arranged in small tubes. Most cells have hundreds or thousands of mitochondria which can occupy up to 25% of the cell's volume. In the human body, mitochondria's principal function is to convert, via specialized enzymes, the potential energy of organic material (food molecules) absorbed by a cell into the nucleic acid ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which can be used by all the energy-consuming activities of that cell. [See above for definition of enzymes.]")
cnt(W212,"(PM) includes both solid particles and liquid droplets found in air. Many man-made and natural sources emit PM directly or emit other pollutants that react in the atmosphere to form PM. These solid and liquid particles come in a wide range of sizes. Particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter tend to pose the greatest health concern because they can be inhaled into and accumulate in the respiratory system.")
cnt(W213,"(polder, Holland) is the name of the melioration system that has a dam as a necessary element for protecting the territory from the sea, river, lake or reservoir floods.")
cnt(W214,"(Polymerase chain reaction) A technique that uses DNA polymerase from a thermophilic bacterium and two primers to make any copies of a given region of DNA occurring between sequences complementary to the primers. This technique is largely employed in gene identification and molecular markers.")
cnt(W215,"(preferred) noise criterion")
cnt(W216,"(preferred) speech interference level")
cnt(W217,"(Pronounced) change in position and sometimes intensity of an electronic absorption or emission band, accompanying a change in solvent polarity.")
cnt(W218,"(qualitative) assessments which describe the characteristics, qualities and behaviour of soils for a given use in terms of the limitations inherent in that soil for that use (Aandahl, 1958).")
cnt(W219,"(Quantitative Trait Locus) A genomic region containing a gene or cluster of genes influencing the expression of a quantitatively inherited trait.")
cnt(W220,"(Regrowth) Young forests that have regenerated after a previous forest has been cleared (often in Latin America on abandoned former pastures).")
cnt(W221,"(said of a contaminant): Being able to readily decompose by biological means, especially by microbial action.")
cnt(W222,"(scales) circular in shape in which the circuli are normally continuous.")
cnt(W223,"(scales) having the posterior edge with teeth which may interrupt the circuli (ridges); comb-shaped.")
cnt(W224,"(See Gillnet) Driftnets consist of a string of gillnets and are used in the open sea to catch fish and other marine organisms near the surface. They may drift independently, accompanied by a vessel, but generally they are fastened to a boat that drifts with them.")
cnt(W225,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W226,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W227,"(See Minimata Disease in Japan)")
cnt(W228,"(see:Aeration zone).")
cnt(W229,"(SEM), very high resolution image produced by detecting secondary electrons (SE) or back-scattered electrons (BSE) emitted from an electron beam focused on a sample.")
cnt(W230,"(singular flagellum) An organelle consisting of microtubules surrounded by a membrane. Capable of movement, often used to propel a cell.")
cnt(W231,"(singular mycorrhiza) associations between roots and fungi beneficial to the fungus and to the host whose roots are colonized by the fungus")
cnt(W232,"(Social Impact Assessment) Similar to EIA but concerned with social impacts.")
cnt(W233,"(sola, pl.) the portion of a soil profile where active pedogenesis has occurred, normally this includes all horizons except the C and/or R.")
cnt(W234,"(Solid oxide fuel cells) Solid oxide fuel cells use oxide conductors as electrolyte.")
cnt(W235,"(sometimes called Inclosure) Historically it meant an act of freeing land from rights of common, and generally all rights interfering with the landlord’s cultivation and productive employment of labor on the soil.")
cnt(W236,"(spirulina platensis) A blue-green micro-algae found in warm alkaline fresh water bodies. The algae is a highly concentrated source of nutrients containing amino-acids (the building blocks of proteins), vitamins, chelated minerals (minerals bonded to an amino-acid thus facilitating assimilation by the body) and essential fatty acids (fats which cannot be metabolized by the body and must be obtained from food).")
cnt(W237,"(Strategic Environmental Assessment) This aims to assess the environmental/social effects of proposed policies, plans, and programs (PPPs), governing sectoral activities such as power generation, agriculture, industry, tourism.")
cnt(W238,"(such as, for example, the information industries) critical sources of innovation for the global economy, initially centered on the world powers")
cnt(W239,"(Sulfurous or reducing smog) Air pollution events characterized by high levels of sulfur dioxide and particulates.")
cnt(W240,"(synonymous with iron crust) Hardened mass cemented by iron oxides.")
cnt(W241,"(synonymous with saprolite, weathering zone) Levels located between the unweathered bedrock and the soil horizons.")
cnt(W242,"(technical examination) - a verification measure to establish that a tested object complies with its technical requirements and specifications.")
cnt(W243,"(the 'anvil') the central of the three ossicles in the middle ear transmitting the vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear.")
cnt(W244,"(this term comes from the Greek word klima, which is literally means an inclination of a terrestrial surface to solar beams) it is the long-term mode of weather in this or that region of the Earth which is the result of the processes of inflow of thermal, kinetic and other kinds of energy and its transformation under the evaporation, condensation and transport of moisture. (The other variant of this term - climate. The long-term mode of weather factors which is typical for given area).")
cnt(W245,"(Tonne Dry Stuff). This method is lately used for the determination of dredged quantities of soil as a basis for payment. If the payment is based on the volume of the dredged sludge, measured in the hopper hold, the Employer also pays for the water content in the sludge. Modern trailing suction hopper dredgers are equiped with a data acquisition measurement system for determination of the density of the load, based on the rate of displacement of the vessel. As a result, only the quantity of dredged solid soil is taken into account for payment.")
cnt(W246,"(Tree cover or canopy cover) The proportion of the land area which has foliage or canopy directly overhead. Thus a dense, closed forest would have 100 percent canopy cover while a woodland of scattered trees might have 5 percent or 10 percent cover.")
cnt(W247,"(U.S.) National Aeronautics and Space Administration.")
cnt(W248,"(Ultraviolet-B) Solar radiation in the wavelength range 290-320 nm.")
cnt(W249,"(UN) Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution")
cnt(W250,"(un)official policy and administration by which minorities (racial, ethnic, class, sex orientation) are restricted in their need and intent for housing location and access to housing services, infrastructure and properly equipped neighborhoods.")
cnt(W251,"(UNFCCC usage) A change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.")
cnt(W252,"(United Nations) Commission on Sustainable Development")
cnt(W253,"(US) Environmental Protection Agency.")
cnt(W255,"(US) Federal Aviation Administration")
cnt(W256,"(US) National Science Foundation.")
cnt(W257,"(US) Office of Management and Budget.")
cnt(W258,"(US) Office of Technology Assessment.")
cnt(W259,"(USA) Environmental Protection Agency")
cnt(W260,"(wafer board) Oriented strand board, a structural engineered wood panel made from large chips of wood laid in patterns and glued under heat and pressure.")
cnt(W261,"(with reference to an enzyme reaction):an enzyme reaction in which that produces one stereoisomer (chiral form) rather than another.")
cnt(W262,"(with reference to an enzyme reaction):an enzyme reaction that proceeds by a unique course even though more than one course is formally possible, e.g. an addition that occurs at only one atom of an unsymmetrical olefin.")
cnt(W263,"(Zoological film) gelatinous-like film that forms on the surface of inert materials, forming the media in a biological filter; it can contain bacteria, protozoa and fungi, and is the site where organic matter in the wastewater is oxidized or degraded.")
cnt(W264,"(? = m/V) mass, m divided by volume, V.")
cnt(W265,", "" defined, by the Clean Water Act in USA, as any discernible confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to any pipe ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container, rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation, or vessel or other floating craft, from which pollutants are or may be discharge. ")
cnt(W266,", a chemical agent which is destructive to nematodes (round worms or threadworms). ")
cnt(W267,", a chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants.")
cnt(W269,", a geologic formation(s) that is water bearing. A geological formation or structure that stores and/or transmits water, such as to wells and springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to those water-bearing formations capable of yielding water in sufficient quantity to constitute a usable supply for people's uses. ")
cnt(W270,", a group of organisms interacting among themselves and with their environment")
cnt(W271,", a group of the coliform bacteria originated in the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals that pass into the environment in feces. Fecal coliform is often used as an indicator of the bacteriological safety of a domestic water supply. ")
cnt(W272,", a land area from which water reaches to the zone of saturation.")
cnt(W273,", a management plan that considers:1) what water will be used for, 2) setting levels to protect those uses, 3) implementing and enforcing the water treatment plans and 4) protecting existing high quality waters. ")
cnt(W274,", a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more plant nutrients in a readily available form.")
cnt(W275,", a measure of concentration of a dissolved material in terms of a mass ratio (0.001 milligrams per kilogram, g kg-1 ). ")
cnt(W276,", a numerical measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. The pH scale ranges from 1 (acidic) to 14 (alkaline). A pH of 7 is neutral.")
cnt(W277,", a pesticide compound specifically used to kill or control the growth of insects.")
cnt(W278,", a relatively small, confined area for raising cattle that results in lower costs but may concentrate large amounts of animal wastes. The soil cannot absorb such large amounts of excrement, and runoff from feedlots pollutes nearby waterways with nutrients. ")
cnt(W279,", a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. ")
cnt(W280,", a well that provides water to a small population, less than 25 people")
cnt(W281,", a well that supplies water to more than 25 people. ")
cnt(W282,", also adsorb, fixation:The attachment of a particle, ion or molecule to a surface. Calcium is adsorbed onto the surface of clay or humus. ")
cnt(W283,", an area over which the concentration of a chemical involved in an accidental release could reach the level of concern. ")
cnt(W284,", an area that is regularly saturated by surface or ground water and subsequently is characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Examples include:swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries. ")
cnt(W285,", an area towards which groundwater runs or is delivered to the soil surface. ")
cnt(W286,", an artificial excavation put down by any method for the purposes of withdrawing water from the underground aquifers. A bored, drilled, or driven shaft, or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension and whose purpose is to reach underground water supplies or oil, or to store or bury fluids below ground. ")
cnt(W287,", an essential element that can contribute to the eutrophication of water bodies.")
cnt(W288,", any foreign unnatural, biological, chemical, physical, or radiological substance present in another substance. ")
cnt(W290,", any unwanted chemical or change in physical property that renders a water supply unfit for its intended use. ")
cnt(W291,", any vegetated land that is grazed or that has the potential to be grazed by animals.")
cnt(W292,", are forested buffer areas that protect watersheds.")
cnt(W293,", assessment of elements in the community that are susceptible to damage should a release of hazardous materials occur. ")
cnt(W294,", Clean Water Act. Public Law PL 92-500. Found at 40 CFR 100-140 and 400-470. Effective November 18, 1972, and amended significantly since then. EPA and Army Corps of Engineers have jurisdiction. CWA regulates the discharge of nontoxic and toxic pollutants into surface waters. Its ultimate goal is to eliminate all discharges into surface waters. Its interim goal is to make surface waters usable for fishing, swimming, etc. EPA sets guidelines, and states issue permits (NPDES, Natural Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit) specifying the types of control equipment and discharges for each facility. ")
cnt(W295,", flow of water from the land surface into the subsurface.")
cnt(W296,", in bands, next to each row of plants in a field.")
cnt(W297,", in pesticides, the spreading of chemicals over or next to each row of plants in a field.")
cnt(W298,", include products used for controlling weeds (herbicides), insects (insecticides), fungus (fungicides), nematodes (nematodicides). ")
cnt(W299,", includes items that are not point source pollutants and originate from a diffuse area. It is more difficult to pin-point a specific origin. A field that has a run off is a non point source as a large area is responsible for the polluting load. ")
cnt(W300,", intrusion of undesirable elements. The addition of foreign matter to a substance which reduces the value of the substance, or interferes with its intended use.")
cnt(W301,", is precipitation or irrigation water that does not infiltrate but flows over the land surface toward a surface drain, eventually making its way to a river, lake or an ocean.")
cnt(W302,", land area where precipitation runs off into streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is a land feature that can be identified by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge. Large drainage basins, like the area that drains into the Mississippi River contain thousands of smaller drainage basins. Also called a ""watershed."" ")
cnt(W303,", land devoted to the production of indigenous or introduced forage for harvest primarily by grazing. ")
cnt(W304,", land on which the indigenous vegetation (climax or natural potential) is predominantly grasses grass-like plants, forbs, or shrubs and is managed as a natural ecosystem. If plants are introduced, they are managed as indigenous species.")
cnt(W305,", nitrogen in organic material.")
cnt(W306,", non arable seeding technique which protects the soil from erosion, and that require pesticides to control weeds")
cnt(W307,", pesticides which are used to control, prevent, or destroy fungi.")
cnt(W308,", pollution sources which are diffuse and do not have a single point of origin or are not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outlet. The pollutants are generally carried off the land by stormwater runoff. The commonly used categories for non-point sources are: agriculture, forestry, urban, mining, construction, dams and channels, land disposal, and saltwater intrusion.")
cnt(W309,", process by which water is added to the zone of saturation, as recharge of an aquifer. ")
cnt(W310,", residue of raw materials or waste separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores.")
cnt(W311,", soil suitable for crop cultivation.")
cnt(W312,", the addition of enough harmful or objectionable material to damage water quality. ")
cnt(W313,", the controlled application of water for agricultural purposes through manmade systems in order to supply water requirements not satisfied by rainfall. ")
cnt(W314,", the discharge of a contaminant or contaminants dissolved in water flowing from animal production or industrial facilities, or waste water treatment plants. ")
cnt(W315,", the elements C, H, O, P, K, N, S, Ca, Mg, K, B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Co, Si and F. These must be taken up and utilized in sufficient quantities for plants to complete their life cycles.")
cnt(W316,", the land area that drains water to a particular stream, river, or lake. It is a land feature that can be identified by tracing a line along the highest elevations between two areas on a map, often a ridge. Large watersheds, like the Mississippi River basin contain thousands of smaller drainage basin. (see drainage basin)")
cnt(W317,", the movement of water into or through a porous material. Seepage occurs from canals, ditches, and other water storage facilities. It sometimes is used to describe water escaping from municipal landfill sites.")
cnt(W318,", the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate by microorganisms. ")
cnt(W319,", the physical uptake of water and/or ions by a substance. For example, soils absorb water.")
cnt(W320,", the process by which nutrient chemicals or contaminants are dissolved and carried away by water, or are moved into a lower layer of soil. ")
cnt(W321,", the process by which water enters the soil and eventually reaches the saturated zone. Recharge varies from place to place due to the amount of rainfall, infiltration, and surface vegetation. ")
cnt(W322,", the process of surface water nutrient enrichment causing a water body to fill with aquatic plants and algae. The increase in plant life reduces the oxygen content of the water. Eutrophic lakes are often undesirable for recreation and may not admit normal fish population. ")
cnt(W324,", the process or series of processes by which soil, crop residues, and organic matter from the land surface are removed by wind or runoff waters")
cnt(W325,", the property of porous materials indicating the ease with which liquids or gases will pass through them. ")
cnt(W326,", the relationship between the number of animals and the grazing management unit utilized over a specified time period. ")
cnt(W327,", the relationship between the number of animals and the specific unit of land being grazed at any one point in time.")
cnt(W328,", the top of the water surface in the saturated part of an aquifer.")
cnt(W329,", the transformation of elemental nitrogen to an organic form by microorganisms. ")
cnt(W330,", the volume of water that passes a given location within a given period of time. Usually expressed in cubic meter per second.")
cnt(W331,", the zone immediately below the land surface where the pores contain both water and air, but are not totally saturated with water. These zones differ from an aquifer, where the pores are saturated with water.")
cnt(W332,", usually applied to material in suspension in water or recently deposited from suspension. In the plural the word is applied to all kinds of deposits from the waters of streams, lakes, or seas. ")
cnt(W333,", very fine soil particles that remain in suspension in water for a considerable period of time without contact with the bottom. Such material remains in suspension due to the upward components of turbulence and currents and/or by suspension.. ")
cnt(W334,", water pollution coming from a single point, such as a sewage-outflow pipe. ")
cnt(W335,", water that has been used in homes, industries, and businesses that is not for reuse without treatment")
cnt(W336,", water that is on the Earth's surface, such as in a stream, river, lake, or reservoir. ")
cnt(W338,". frequency of rotation, rpm")
cnt(W339,".:The water which contains significant amount of tritium atoms.")
cnt(W340,"[-]     Henry’s distribution coefficient of the pollutant")
cnt(W341,"[-]    load")
cnt(W342,"[-]    porosity")
cnt(W343,"[Biochemical Oxygen Demand]: the amount of oxygen consumed by living organisms, mainly bacteria, while utilizing the organic matter in the waste.")
cnt(W344,"[Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane]: a powerful insecticide used in agriculture to control pests. Although not used in North America at present, residues from previous use are still present in some groundwater.")
cnt(W345,"[General Circulation Model]:a physical model used to describe large scale atmospheric motions over the entire earth. It is the main instrument used for estimating the potential effects of atmospheric heat-trapping gases like carbon dioxide and methane on climate.")
cnt(W346,"[International Joint Commission]: Body created by Canada and the United States in 1909 to assist them in decisions regarding lakes and waterways that lie along and between the two countries. Its work extends into other areas of the environment such as air pollution.")
cnt(W347,"[m]    height of adsorber")
cnt(W348,"[m]    radius")
cnt(W349,"[m]   biofilm thickness")
cnt(W350,"[m³]   volume")
cnt(W351,"[Non-Governmental Organizations]:voluntary private non-profit groups which seek to influence public policy. They also perform various acts of charity.")
cnt(W352,"[Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl]: a group of chlorinated compounds used in various industrial processes and discharged in industrial waste as pollutants. These normally colorless, odorless, viscous liquids are carcinogenic.")
cnt(W354,"[s]    time")
cnt(W355,"~  specific entropy, kJ/(kgK)")
cnt(W356,"‘Material other than Grain’, any plant material of a seed bearing plant other than the seed.")
cnt(W357,"‘topsoil’ : the soil horizon with the maximum mixing of mineral and organic matter relative to the other horizons.")
cnt(W358,"‘Virtual’ is used here to mean ‘virtually’ or ‘as if’ or ‘illusion’ of a ‘real’ state.  ‘Virtual’ is not used in the dictionary sense of ‘not real.’  Accordingly, virtual team competency is the ability to use technology so that a group of people can behave ‘as if’ they were together when they are not physically together.  Virtual team members are not on the same playing field as a sports team but they can behave as if they are co-located and coordinated. They are virtually a team.")
cnt(W359,"“Cradle-to grave” assessment of the environmental impacts of a product or service. It seeks to assess the environmental impacts of the product or service throughout its entire life-cycle — from the mining of raw materials needed for its production, through production (including energy consumed) and consumption, to when it becomes post-consumption waste. ")
cnt(W363,"“Gelbstoff,” dissolved organic matter in the water having low reflectance in the blue portion of the spectrum and relatively higher reflectance for green and yellow.")
cnt(W364,"“Just-in-time”-type inventory management.")
cnt(W365,"“Not In My Term in Office”.")
cnt(W366,"“One home”. Male and female reproductive structures are on the same plant.")
cnt(W367,"“Photovoltaics” or “PV”, are solid-state semiconductor devices with no moving parts that convert sunlight into direct-current electricity.")
cnt(W368,"“Secular” motion of Earth’s rotation axis in space.")
cnt(W369,"“Two homes”. A plant in which male and female structures are on different plants.")
cnt(W370,"“Water for People” initiative launched by WSSCC in March 2000.")
cnt(W372,"=  diagonal matrix  of eigenvalues")
cnt(W373,"=  factors")
cnt(W374,"=  forecasting error")
cnt(W375,"=  invested capital")
cnt(W377,"=  mean value of return")
cnt(W380,"=  principal factor components")
cnt(W383,"=  standard deviation")
cnt(W384,"=  utility function of R   ")
cnt(W386,"= 0,01St – centistokes")
cnt(W387,"= 0.593  Maximum power coefficient of the wind wheel")
cnt(W388,"= 1/1000 of a Sievert (Sv), a unit of radiation dose equivalent.")
cnt(W391,"= angular speed of earth’s rotation")
cnt(W392,"= Autotrophs.")
cnt(W393,"= average area occupied by a segment of protein molecule")
cnt(W394,"= average area that needs to be cleared at the interface by an adsorbing protein molecule")
cnt(W395,"= Boltzmann constant; also used as rate constant for protein adsorption")
cnt(W397,"= Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle")
cnt(W398,"= Charge and parity symmetry")
cnt(W400,"= density")
cnt(W401,"= density difference")
cnt(W407,"= elementary charge")
cnt(W410,"= hydrophile-lipophile balance")
cnt(W411,"= interfacial tension")
cnt(W412,"= interstellar medium")
cnt(W413,"= ionic strength")
cnt(W414,"= latitude")
cnt(W415,"= length scale")
cnt(W417,"= net charge of protein molecule")
cnt(W425,"= pressure")
cnt(W426,"= proton number")
cnt(W428,"= stability ratio")
cnt(W429,"= super novae explosion in 1987")
cnt(W431,"= surface pressure")
cnt(W439,"= valence number; also used as coordination number of two-dimensional lattice")
cnt(W440,"= velocity components along x, y, z direction (eastward, northward, upward)")
cnt(W443,"= viscosity")
cnt(W446,"=characteristic time")
cnt(W449,"=empirical coefficients")
cnt(W451,"=factor representing the ratio of sediment diffusion to fluid diffusion")
cnt(W453,"=kinematic viscosity of the fluid")
cnt(W457,"=spatial coordinates")
cnt(W459,"=suspension number")
cnt(W460,"=thickness of the boundary layer")
cnt(W461,"=total (temporal and spatial) rate of change in concentration")
cnt(W462,"=unit weight of the fluid")
cnt(W464,"?12-oleate desaturase")
cnt(W465,"?15-linolate desaturase")
cnt(W466,"?9-stearoyl-ACP desaturase")
cnt(W467,"•")
cnt(W468,"1 000 000 liters, approximately the volume required to fill an Olympic swimming pool, usually used in conjunction with rural water supplies.")
cnt(W469,"1 AU (149 597 870.691 km) is the average distance from the Earth to the Sun.")
cnt(W470,"1 hectare = 10 000 m².")
cnt(W471,"1 solar radius, i.e., 696 000 km.")
cnt(W472,"1 terragram (1012 grams or 109 kilograms)")
cnt(W473,"1 ton = 1000 kilograms.")
cnt(W474,"1 ton/day = 587.5 L/h")
cnt(W475,"1) A hand-drawn or printed document describing the spatial distribution of geographic features in terms of a recognizable and agreed symbolism. 2)A collection of digital information about a part of the earth’s surface.")
cnt(W476,"1) A macroscopic plant, rooted or floating, submerged or emerged. 2) A plant relatively large in size.")
cnt(W477,"1) a separate component, 2) initial state, 3) ignition")
cnt(W478,"1) A steep-walled, usually conical depression at the summit or on the flanks of a volcano. 2) A bowl-shaped depression with a raised, overturned rim produced by the impact of a meteorite.")
cnt(W479,"1) activation energy, 2) emission")
cnt(W480,"1) All types of biogenic material under diverse degrees of microbial decomposition, representing a potential energy source for consumers, and including dead organisms, degradation products and extracellular products from living organisms, even dissolved organic matter. 2) Rock fragments produced by meteorization and disintegration of rock and removal from their site of origin.")
cnt(W481,"1) An organism that tolerates low salt concentrations, between 5 to 15 psu. 2) An aquatic environment with a salinity between 5 to 15 psu.")
cnt(W482,"1) change of the soils, their ""improvement"" in order to increase their total cost (utility). Land reclamation gives new quality to the soils, it is radical, qualitative change of the soils. As a result of land reclamation the soil gets new quality:i.e. the new valuable characteristic, relative stability, its difference from one areas of the soil and similarity to the others. 2) Melioration (another meaning) - it is a system of organizational, economic and technical procedures aimed at the improvement of the natural environment, generally - agricultural grounds. There are drainage, irrigation, chemical and other kinds of Melioration. Land reclamation is carried out in order to increase the efficiency and stability of agriculture, maintenance of guaranteed production of agricultural products on the basis of preservation and increasing of fertility of the grounds, and also to create a necessary conditions for involving the unused and unproductive grounds into an agricultural turnover and creating a rational structure of grounds.")
cnt(W483,"1) economic activity aiming at making profit from addressing environmental issues or through application of environmental factors in industry; 2) economic activity targeted at prevention of degradation of nature and establishing sound conditions for human life.")
cnt(W484,"1) excess coefficient, 2) amount of a matter")
cnt(W485,"1) fuel, 2) final state")
cnt(W486,"1) gas constant, 2) thrust")
cnt(W487,"1) heating value, 2) heat")
cnt(W488,"1) in Gestalt psychology the term refers to the way that we fill in gaps where there is missing information in a stimulus; 2) in the analysis of texts, the term refers to ideological closure, which means the strategies used in the text to lead the reader to make sense of the text according to a particular ideological framework. The idea of ideological closure is useful because it leads us to examine how a text has been constructed to lead to a particular reading and exclude other possible readings. (Underwood)")
cnt(W489,"1) moisture content, 2) rate of chemical reaction, 3) fuel flow velocity")
cnt(W490,"1) mole number,  2) efficiency of combustion")
cnt(W491,"1) Pertaining to brackish waters with a salinity of 15 to 30 psu. 2) Organisms that tolerate salinities of 15 to 30 psu.")
cnt(W492,"1) The name for a family of finely-crystalline sheet silicate minerals. 2) Fine-grained soil consisting of mineral particles that are less than 0.074 mm in their maximum dimension.")
cnt(W493,"1) The total dry organic matter at a given time of living organisms of one or more species per unit area or of all the species in the community. 2) The living of dead weight of organic matter in a tree, stand, or forest in units such as living or dead weight, wet or dry weight, ash-free weight, etc. 3) Harvesting the wood product obtained from in-woods chipping of all or some portion of trees including limbs, tops, and unmerchantable stems, usually for energy production.")
cnt(W495,"1) visible propagation velocity of flame front, 2) volume flow rate of combustible mixture")
cnt(W496,"1). One of the intervals into which the age range from trees is divided for classification or use. 2) A distinct aggregation of trees originating from a single natural event or regeneration activity, or a grouping of trees, e.g., 10-year age class, as used in inventory or management.")
cnt(W503,"1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane.")
cnt(W504,"1,1,2-trimethylpropylborane.")
cnt(W505,"1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene.ù")
cnt(W506,"1,10-phenantroline.")
cnt(W507,"1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane.")
cnt(W508,"1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane")
cnt(W511,"1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium.")
cnt(W512,"1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium.")
cnt(W513,"1,2,3,4,10,10a-Hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a hexahydro- 1,4,endo-exo 5,8-dimethanonaphtha- lene.")
cnt(W515,"1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane.")
cnt(W516,"1,2-dimethoxyethane.")
cnt(W517,"1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane.")
cnt(W518,"1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane.")
cnt(W519,"1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene")
cnt(W521,"1. A hydrometeor consisting of a visible aggregation of tiny water and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the Earth’s surface. 2. Any collection of a particulate matter in the atmosphere dense enough to be perceptible to the eye.")
cnt(W522,"1. A piece of permanently magnetized substance. 2. A device for the generation of magnetic field.")
cnt(W523,"1. A way of life. 2. The meanings and values generated by different social groups and classes based on historical conditions and that are used by them to cope with their conditions of being. 3. The totality of the traditions and practices that manifest the conventions, the practical experiences of everyday life (Stuart Hall, 1980).")
cnt(W524,"1. An interrelationship between two different species. 2. An interrelationship between two different organisms in which the effects of that relationship is expressed as being harmful or beneficial. Also known as consortium.")
cnt(W525,"1. Atmospheric precipitation of ice crystals. 2. Loose and porous aggregation of ice crystals or their fragments.")
cnt(W526,"1. Available energy capable of doing work and being degraded in the process. 2. Maximum amount of work theoretically obtainable from a system as it interacts to equilibrium with the environment.")
cnt(W528,"1. National accounting: short for integrated environmental and economic accounting as advanced in particular by the United Nations System of integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). 2. Corporate accounting")
cnt(W529,"1. Occupation of the area by ice in the form of glaciers, ice sheets, or floating ice. 2. (only Glaciation). The rapid spreading of glaciers and other types of permanent ice reflecting general climatic changes.")
cnt(W530,"1. Occupation of the area by ice in the form of glaciers, ice sheets, or floating ice. 2. The rapid spreading of glaciers and other types of permanent ice, reflecting general climatic changes.")
cnt(W531,"1. The process of inhibiting continuous or multiple discharges following a single ionizing event in certain types of radiation detectors, particularly in Geiger-Müller counter tubes. 2. The deactivation of an electronically excited state by interaction with the external environment through a non-radiative process. This may lead to spectral shift or counting losses.")
cnt(W532,"1. The process of magnetizing something. 2. Vector value representing polarization or, otherwise the density of the magnetic moment in a substance.")
cnt(W533,"1. The study of the Earth’s land, water, and atmosphere and their interaction with the biosphere and human population. 2. A scientific discipline studying the planet Earth in its complex of different environments.")
cnt(W534,"1. The subjective state of voluntary and intentional choice within the uncertainty motivated by damage or by missed advantage; decision motivated by what is at stake. 2. The perception of an objective danger, that is, of subjective conditions corresponding to danger (more appropriately expressed as riskiness).")
cnt(W535,"1. To remove nitrogen or nitrogen groups from (a compound). 2. To reduce (nitrates or nitrites) to nitrogen-containing gases through bacterial action.")
cnt(W536,"1: a taxonomic group or entity; 2: the name applied to a taxonomic group in a formal system of nomenclature")
cnt(W537,"1: borne over or on the sea; 2: carried on by oversea shipping.")
cnt(W538,"1: something given or admitted especially as a basis for reasoning or inference; 2: something used as a basis for calculating or measuring.")
cnt(W539,"10 to the power of 15.")
cnt(W540,"1000 kg.")
cnt(W541,"1000 liters, or 1 m3 of water; usually used in conjunction with urban water supplies.")
cnt(W545,"1904–, US diplomat and historian. He was a formulator of the policy of containment toward the Soviet Union, he was ambassador to Moscow (1952) until the Russians demanded his removal. He later served (1961–1963) as ambassador to Yugoslavia. His works include American Diplomacy, 1900–1950 (1951) and his memoirs (2 volumes, 1967–1972).")
cnt(W546,"1944, US World conference that structured the main organizations (IMF, WBRD) of the post-Second World War international economic order.")
cnt(W547,"1945 Conference in the Crimea among the leaders of the Allied Powers to define the terms of the post-Second World War global order.")
cnt(W548,"195 km long, 60 metres wide at its narrowest point and able to accommodate ships with 16 metres draft and as large as 150,000 tons")
cnt(W549,"1963 United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Developed Areas ( the Geneva Conference)")
cnt(W551,"1972, Sweden. First international environmental conference.")
cnt(W552,"1973 amendment to the US Foreign Assistance Act requiring that US AID [Agency for International Development] give ""particular attention to programs ... to integrate women into the national economies.""")
cnt(W553,"1979 United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development (the Vienna Conference)")
cnt(W555,"1985 International agreement for the protection of the ozone layer.")
cnt(W556,"1989 Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste.")
cnt(W557,"1992, International environmental gathering in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.")
cnt(W558,"1994 successor organization to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.")
cnt(W559,"1-Naphtyl N-methylcarbamate.")
cnt(W560,"1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea or thidiazuron.")
cnt(W562,"2 pi divided by the inertial period.")
cnt(W563,"2-(1-Methyl-ethoxy)phenylmethylcarbamate.")
cnt(W564,"2-(diphenylphosphino)-2’-methoxy-1,1’-binaphthyl.")
cnt(W565,"2,2’-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthalene.")
cnt(W568,"2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin")
cnt(W572,"2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W574,"2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene")
cnt(W576,"2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid")
cnt(W580,"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W582,"20 percent fatty acid methyl ester, 80 percent conventional diesel mix")
cnt(W583,"200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone along the coast.")
cnt(W584,"200 miles Exclusive Economic Zone in the sea adjacent to the coastal state.")
cnt(W585,"21KD cdk inhibitor protein.")
cnt(W586,"230 mathematical groups describing the symmetry of a crystal structure in three dimensions.")
cnt(W587,"2-Amino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W588,"2-Chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide.")
cnt(W589,"2-Dimethylamino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W590,"2-Dimethylamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yldimethylcarbamate.")
cnt(W591,"2-Methylamino-5,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyrimidine.")
cnt(W592,"2-Methylisoborneol.")
cnt(W593,"2nd century B.C. – 2nd century A.D.; the general frame of a kingdom that dominated the South Levant desert, characterized by special material culture.")
cnt(W594,"3 dimensional.")
cnt(W595,"3,4-dioxyphenylalanine")
cnt(W596,"3,5-Dinitro-N,N-di(n-propyl)-sulfanilamide.")
cnt(W598,"35 subunit of cauliflower mosaic virus")
cnt(W599,"3-chloro-4-dicholoromethyl -5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone")
cnt(W601,"3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate")
cnt(W602,"3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase,")
cnt(W603,"3rd Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change")
cnt(W606,"4.6 billion years of earth history have been subdivided into four eons called ""Priscoan"" (4.7 to 3.8 Ga), ""Archean"" (3.8 to 2.5 Ga), ""Proterozoic"" (2.5 to 0.54 Ga) and ""Phanerozoic"" (since 0.54 Ga). Proterozoic and Archean are often grouped together and constitute the Precambrian. The three younger eons are subdivided into eras; the Proterozoic into Paleozoic (2.5 to 1.8 Ga), Mesozoic (1.8 to 1.0 Ga), and Neoproterozoic (1.0 to 0.54 Ga); the Phanerozoic into Paleozoic (0.54 to 0.25 Ga), Mesozoic (0.25 to 0.065 Ga), and Cenozoic (since 0.065 Ga). The three Phanerozoic eras are further subdivided into systems, and these into series and epochs.")
cnt(W607,"4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid.")
cnt(W608,"4-coumarate: CoA ligase,")
cnt(W609,"4-desmethylsterols")
cnt(W610,"4th-7th centuries A.D.; the general chronological frame of Byzantine Empire rule in the Levant, characterized mainly by the christianisation of the population and settlement initiatives.")
cnt(W611,"5 cations (Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, Sr+2) and 6 anions (Cl-1, SO4-1, HCO3-1, CO3-2, Br-1) which are present in the seawater in maximum quantities.")
cnt(W613,"50% effective concentration.")
cnt(W614,"50% inhibition concentration.")
cnt(W615,"50% lethal concentration.")
cnt(W618,"50% lethal dosage.")
cnt(W620,"50°-60°C temperature")
cnt(W621,"5-Enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate; an intermediate in a reaction of the shikamate pathway")
cnt(W622,"6:0 caproic acid, 8:0 caprylic acid, 10:0 capric acid, 12:0 lauric acid, 14:0 myristic acid, 16:0 palmitic acid, 16:1 palmitoleic acid, 18:0 stearic acid, 18:1 oleic acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, 18:3 a-linolenic acid, 20:0 arachidic acid, 20:1 eicosenoic acid, 20:2 eicosadienoic acid, 20:4 arachidonic acid, 20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 22:0 behenic acid, 22:1 erucic acid, 22:2 docosadienoic acid, 22:6 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 20:4 lignoceric acid, 24:1 tetracosenoic acid.")
cnt(W623,"65 million to 54 million years ago; the first and shortest division of the Tertiary period.")
cnt(W624,"6-aminopenicillanic acid")
cnt(W625,"7-aminocephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W626,"7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W627,"7-aminodeacetylcephalosporanic acid")
cnt(W628,"7th -8th centuries A.D.; an Islamic Empire that followed the Byzantine Empire in the Levant. This was the first stage of the Early Islamic Period (7th -10th centuries A.D.) and marked the beginning of the Levant islamization.")
cnt(W629,"9,9-dimethyl-4,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene.")
cnt(W630,"9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.")
cnt(W631,"a ""1"" or a ""0""")
cnt(W632,"A ""Before-the-pipe"" method (or strategy) seeks to reduce or if possible eliminate anthropogenic waste or contamination. The packaging of a consumer good provides a typical example. If the good is packaged in a carton that nature can biodegrade within a reasonable time, or if the need for packaging could be eliminated altogether, there would be little or no post-consumption environmental impact.")
cnt(W633,"a ""blueprint"" or a block diagram graphically showing the system components and their interconnections.")
cnt(W634,"a ""canonical"" or standard form which represents the conventional standard way to pronounce or site it (in the case of a word) or illustrate it (in the case of a conventionalized gesture)")
cnt(W635,"a ""graphical"" way to measure and explore the adaptive (fitness) value of different configurations of behaviors or characteristics in a complex system.")
cnt(W636,"A ""horizontal well"" consisting of an underground tunnel allowing the channeling of water from an elevated aquifer to a low-lying oasis, identified earliest in the Old World and probably introduced by colonizing Spaniards to Latin America.")
cnt(W637,"A ""long verse"" of indeterminate length of alternating five and seven syllable lines ending in a seven syllable line.")
cnt(W638,"A ""picture of reality"", i.e. a paradigm for the interpretation of a set of physical phenomena that results in a closed and comprehensive mathematical formulation for their description.")
cnt(W639,"A ""river"" of wind 20 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.")
cnt(W640,"A ""short verse"" with the syllable pattern 5-7-5-7-7.")
cnt(W641,"a ""top-down"" approach used to apportion risk to individual areas of plant or equipment, to achieve a minimum level of risk.")
cnt(W642,"A (database) schema is a way to represent structured information. A relational schema is made of relations, each made of attributes having a certain type.")
cnt(W643,"A (feasible or infeasible) point where at least n restrictions are tight, whose gradients are linear independent.")
cnt(W644,"A (fictional) construct applied by an observer at the location of some change in what is observed. The insertion of a Black Box allows a description to be developed for what might account for observed and yet-to-be observed changes, through the interaction of the observer and his Black Box. Many users of the Black Box forget its fictional nature, assuming this description is a mechanism/explanation, which, however, the Black Box can never reveal.")
cnt(W645,"A (logical) formula is a statement on a domain of objects (the universe) that is either true or false. A formula may be atomic (described by a predicate symbol), composed from other formulas by logical connectives or be formed by quantification of object variables.")
cnt(W646,"A (long) series of observations measured over time (or other suitably defined measure, e.g., distance) where the observations are dependent, and where the order of the observations is important.")
cnt(W647,"A (mathematical) function is a mapping from a set of values (the domain) to another set of values (the range) such that the application of  the function to an argument from the domain uniquely denotes a result from the range.")
cnt(W648,"A (Mendelian) population is defined as a unit present under certain (environmental) conditions, composed of biological organisms that are actually or potentially interbreeding.")
cnt(W649,"a (natural or artificial) entity that displays certain degrees of rational, autonomous, reactive, proactive and social behaviour, and which is often thought of as possessing a mental state comprising so-called informational and motivational attitudes, such as maintaining knowledge, beliefs, desires, intentions, goals, plans, etc., and possessing the ability to communicate with other agents.")
cnt(W650,"A (nonexistent) society, described abstractly or in specific parable form, that is conceived as incarnating ideals of justice, human freedoms, cultural achievement, environmental quality, etc.")
cnt(W651,"a (possibly enciphered) collection of information about an object. Typically it includes a cryptographic checksum of the data contained in the object.")
cnt(W652,"A (real-valued) function that ranks the alternatives according to some preference relation.")
cnt(W653,"A (systematic) way to represent data by using sequences of symbols.  Typically, we use bit sequences to obtain a binary code.")
cnt(W654,"A (usually) polymeric solid, which radically—by more than say 10%—alters its dimensions in response to aqueous stimuli.")
cnt(W655,"A ‘vision’ of the desired future that has been developed and is ‘shared’ by the public.")
cnt(W656,"A “fictitious force” that results from viewing the motion of a body on or near the Earth’s surface from the Earth’s rotating reference frame.  The “force” deflects moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.")
cnt(W658,"a “radiatively active” gas in the atmosphere.  Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, allow short-wave radiation to pass through, while long-wave radiation is aborbed, contributing to the Greenhouse effect.")
cnt(W659,"A “true primate” bearing the necessary distinguishing characters.")
cnt(W660,"A = restriction is called tight at a point x, if also the corresponding = is satisfied, else it is called loose at x.")
cnt(W661,"A 1.2 m by 1.2 m, or larger penned area, where the ewe gives birth and to which she and any lambs born are kept for a few days after birth.")
cnt(W662,"A 100cc steel ring to take an undisturbed core sample of a soil horizon.")
cnt(W664,"A 16-kilodalton peptide hormone controlled by the so-called obesity gene produced primarily in white fat (adipose tissue), and which governs inhibition of food intake, maintenance of energy expenditure, reproductive system function, and metabolism in insulin secretion, lipolysis, and glucose transport.")
cnt(W665,"A 1980s–1990s reaction to new archaeology led by Ian Hodder; post-modernist archaeology, in which idiographic procedures and goals are stressed, individual agency, and ideational issues (paleo-ritual, paleo-belief systems) are central rather than sociopolitical and cultural processes. This program also includes concern with the sociopolitics of archaeology; the implicit belief systems, biases, etc. of archaeologists; and the relations, overt and covert, between archaeology and society.")
cnt(W666,"A 1998 environmental decisionmaking accord signed by 35 European countries (and the European Union itself) that sought common transparency policies across Europe on information disclosure, public participation, and judicial remedies for violation of the agreement. Its full title is the Convention on Access to Environmental Information and Public Participation in Environmental Decisionmaking.")
cnt(W667,"A 19th century artifact classification system developed in Denmark on the basis of rudimentary seriation analysis and that differentiates between Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages.")
cnt(W668,"A 20-year (2000–2020) development partnership agreement between the European Community and 77 countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP), signed on 23 June, 2000 in Cotonou, Benin.")
cnt(W669,"A 24-hour cycle.")
cnt(W670,"A 3-hour index measuring the intensity of geomagnetic disturbances as determined from magnetic field variations at two stations, one in England and the other in Australia.")
cnt(W671,"a 40 - 50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific detected by R.A.Madden and P.R.Julian in 1971 - 1972.")
cnt(W672,"a algorithm for solving differential equations. Examples include the Euler and Runge-Kutta algorithms.")
cnt(W673,"A bacterial strain that generates an abnormally high rate of mutation in introduced genes, and is thus useful to generate random mutations in genes for directed evolution.")
cnt(W674,"A bacterial toxin causing gastroenteritis (inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines).")
cnt(W675,"A bacterial toxin released from the cell into the culture fluid.")
cnt(W676,"a bacterial virus.")
cnt(W677,"A bag at the end of trawl, seine and bag nets to collect fish.")
cnt(W678,"A bag attached to the abdominal wall to collect excreta from a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy.")
cnt(W679,"A bag-like structure of 0.5 micron or less in diameter, attached to the inner side of a cell membrane. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which do not normally damage the cell itself. When a cell needs to digest food molecules (or bacteria) which have crossed its membrane, the lysosome fuses with the membrane of the molecule (or bacteria) and squirts the enzymes inside where they carry out their appointed task of digestion (or destruction) by hydrolysis. Food digested by lysosomes diffuses through the cell to be used for energy or growth. [See above for definition of enzyme.]")
cnt(W680,"A balance between the Coriolis force and horizontal pressure gradient.")
cnt(W681,"A ballot where every citizen on the planet will simultaneously vote to preserve the environment and life for the future.")
cnt(W682,"A band of energy levels is formed in a solid, when the difference between their energies becomes very small.")
cnt(W683,"A band of frequencies containing components of either the upper side or lower sideband of the carrier and modulation frequencies.")
cnt(W684,"A band of timescales and length-scales of the processes and interactions on which a particular study is focused.")
cnt(W686,"A band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths from 320-400 nm produced by the sun. UV-A is not absorbed by ozone; this band of radiation has wavelengths just shorter than visible violet light.")
cnt(W689,"A band of ultraviolet radiation with wavelengths shorter than 290 nm. It is extremely dangerous, but it is completely absorbed by ozone and normal oxygen.")
cnt(W691,"A bank can lock-in its customers by offering further services tailored to their needs and based on the knowledge it has accumulated about their business due to previous lending transactions.")
cnt(W692,"A bank engaged in transactions across national borders.")
cnt(W693,"A bar diagram representing a frequency distribution of a particular attribute that is measured in the process or of a product.")
cnt(W694,"A bare or insulated wire or combination of wires not insulated from one another, suitable for carrying an electric current.")
cnt(W695,"a barrier built to keep back water and raise its level to form a reservoir, for hydroelectric power or to regulate a flood wave.")
cnt(W696,"A barrier island that has a wide, prograding end and a narrow end due to the combined influences of tidal processes and tidal inlets along with wave-generated processes. Also called ""drumstick"" barrier islands.")
cnt(W697,"A baryon with one unit of positive electric charge, one of the main constituents of the atomic nucleus. It is basically formed by two up quarks and one down quark. It is the nucleus of the hydrogen atom.")
cnt(W698,"A baryon with zero electric charge, one of the main constituents of the atomic nucleus. It is basically formed by two down quarks and one up quark. Its mass is only a little larger than the proton one.")
cnt(W699,"A basaltic alkaline rock, contains mainly andesine and monocline pyroxene.")
cnt(W700,"A base 16 code that was, in early days of computing, widely used for storing numbers.")
cnt(W701,"A base of knowledge used for definition of experiments and for evaluation of a model.")
cnt(W702,"A base sequence in a DNA molecule (or an amino acid sequence in a protein) that has remained essentially unchanged throughout evolution.")
cnt(W703,"A basic concept that may be taken either as undefinable, in expressing a “degree of belief,” or as the limiting frequency in an infinite random series. Both approaches lead to the same calculus of probabilities.")
cnt(W704,"A basic dimension proportional to the kinetic energy of molecules.")
cnt(W705,"A basic management tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well environmental organization, management systems and equipment are performing. The aim of the audit is to facilitate management control of environmental practices, and to enable the company to assess compliance with company policies, including meeting regulatory requirements.")
cnt(W706,"A basic market security (stock, bond, currency, etc.) on which other securities can be based upon.")
cnt(W707,"a basic modal operator, usually symbolized as ? ")
cnt(W708,"a basic notion of lexical phonology, referring to phonological rules which apply to the lexicon ( the component of a language including semantic, phonological and morphological information on a language's basic meaningful units), as opposed to post-lexical rules.")
cnt(W709,"A basic prerequisite for success is the careful selection of packages of measures for getting the right information to the right people or agencies in the right form such that it will be understood and used. And, because a good knowledge transfer program is circular, those people and agencies should also be involved in establishing what the real problems are.")
cnt(W710,"A basic security relative to which the value of another security is determined, for example the cash bond in the Black-Scholes model.")
cnt(W711,"A basic solution is dual feasible, if it would be optimal in case that the violated constraints could be ignored.")
cnt(W712,"A basic unit of analysis in traditional phonology; a speech sound used distinctively, i.e. as a 'building block' in creating meaningful units in a given language.")
cnt(W713,"A basic unit of analysis that relies on the degree of competence and readiness of a given individual or group doing what is expected of them in a given setting. It also conveys the experience of fulfillment and fitness as an emotional drive.")
cnt(W714,"A basic unit of energy, or work done; 1 kWh = 3.6? 106 newton-meters [Nm].")
cnt(W716,"A basic unit of power equal to a thousand watts; 1kw = 1000 newton-meters per second [Nms-1], 1 kW = 1 kilovolt-ampere [kVA] = 1000 volt-ampere [VA].")
cnt(W717,"a basically model-free data collection methodology essentially oriented towards restoring unobserved data.")
cnt(W718,"A basin deeper than the rest of a pond, located near the outlet (monk), so that when the pond is drained fish are concentrated to facilitate harvesting.")
cnt(W719,"A basin filled with sand for removal of suspended solids after the coagulation-sedimentation process.")
cnt(W720,"A basin in an active margin setting that occupies a position between the magmatic arc and the trench, usually above the rear, oldest parts of an accretionary wedge.")
cnt(W722,"A basis for reasoning or action in the implementation of sustainable development.")
cnt(W724,"A battery that can be re-charged")
cnt(W725,"A battery that can not be re-charged")
cnt(W726,"A beach characterized by a wide surf zone in which practically all incident wave energy is lost by wave breaking. Generally, dissipative beaches have a very low gradient, comprise fine sediments and experience energetic wave conditions.")
cnt(W727,"A beach protection structure, usually one of a series, built at an angle to the shore.")
cnt(W728,"A beachhead bottleneck occurs when a group reaches a new area and must adjust to locally available resources. The major problem for farmers is that it may take several months before their first crop is ready for harvest.")
cnt(W729,"A beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation, emitted by a laser, which has finite time duration and a multicolor spectral structure.")
cnt(W730,"a beam of particles (electrons or photons) focused into a very small spot")
cnt(W731,"A beam theory by which the plane section of a beam remains plane and normal to the neutral axis.")
cnt(W732,"A bed of coal lying between a roof and floor.")
cnt(W734,"A bed of rocks over which effluent is spread, allowing aerobic digestion by micro organisms to take place")
cnt(W735,"A beetle in the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera) that as an adult or larva feeds on the bark of seedlings or sapplings, often completely girdling the tree at the root collar.")
cnt(W736,"A beetle in the family Curculionidae (order Coleoptera) that lays eggs in the apical shoot (leader) or terminal bud of a coniferous tree, the larvae of which mine in and kill the leader.")
cnt(W737,"a before-the-fact conceptual illustration on how the system should be designed for maintenance and support. It includes the anticipated levels of maintenance, the projected environment in which the system is to be maintained throughout the system utilization phase, basic repair policies, organizational responsibilities, anticipated maintenance support elements, and effectiveness requirements.")
cnt(W738,"A behavior intermediate to liquid and solid exhibited by polymeric substances.")
cnt(W739,"A behavior is taken to be collective when is referred to the behavior of a system of components, the behavior of which is not equal to the set or the sum of the behavior of the single components. Examples are flocks, herds, and swarms.")
cnt(W740,"A behavior of individuals and groups of individuals, impeding sustainable life for themselves and other persons.")
cnt(W741,"A behavioral standard that is accepted by most, but not necessarily all, members of the group.")
cnt(W742,"A behavioral trait whereby consumers prefer less risk to more risk, everything else held constant.")
cnt(W743,"A belief network that incorporates decision options (variables or events that can be controlled) and utility estimates to represent the quantities or values that are to be maximized; also known as an influence diagram.")
cnt(W744,"a belief that all of life is interdependent and that members of the human family share responsibility to care for others who share membership in that family, including all of creation. ")
cnt(W745,"A belief that interferes with normal development by causing the individual to generate negative expectancies about people and situations that normally generate positive expectancies in others.")
cnt(W746,"A belief that life came into existence through the action of a supernatural being.")
cnt(W747,"a belief that the parties’ current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously")
cnt(W748,"A belief, developed by the child, that enhances the child's psychological development. Such a belief enables the child to generate positive expectancies about life events and people, particularly new events and new people with whom the child may develop new relationships.")
cnt(W749,"A belief, developed by the child, that interferes with the child's psychological development. Such a belief functions as an internal inhibiting factor in that it causes the child to generate negative expectancies about life events and people, particularly new events and new people with whom the child may develop new relationships.")
cnt(W750,"A bell-mouth shaped vertical shaft spillway.")
cnt(W751,"A bell-shaped overflow structure, usually for fill-dams.")
cnt(W752,"A bell-shaped relationship between income equality and per capita income based on empirical evidence.")
cnt(W753,"A belt of parkways, parks, or farmlands that encircles a community.")
cnt(W754,"A belt of volcanic mountains on the continental mainland that lie above a subduction zone. Compare island arc.")
cnt(W755,"A benefit or cost resulting from the private consumption or production activities of an agent which accrues to other agents and which is not taken into account by the agent carrying out such activity. Thus, pollution is a negative externality conferred on the rest of society by production activities of firms.")
cnt(W756,"a benign epithelial tumor, an adenoma, containing fibrous tissue")
cnt(W758,"A beverage obtained by treatment of ground roasted coffee with water (or by the addition of water to instant coffee).")
cnt(W759,"A BEWS uses a test organism, whose sensitive response to environmental stress is registered and detected automatically by an electronic measurement instrument. An alarm (warning) algorithm gives automatically an alarm, if the real measurment value does not correspond to the predicted value. BEWS are also called automated biotests, dynamic (continuous) biotests, online biomonitors, biotest automates.")
cnt(W760,"A bias in which observers in a situation attribute the behavior of actors to personal qualities, while the actors are likely to attribute the cause of their behavior to situational forces.")
cnt(W761,"A bias that affects the results of clinical trials if patients who are inevaluable, insufficiently treated, or who deviate from the protocol for any reason, are subsequently excluded from the analysis.")
cnt(W762,"A bias that affects the results of meta-analyses based on the literature if the results of published trials differ systematically from those of unpublished trials (e.g. by showing a larger treatment effect).")
cnt(W763,"A big plastic bag made of thin film for handling and storage of large quantity of food material. The bag is kept in a rigid box and together bag and box make a useful container.")
cnt(W764,"a billet or a part manufactured by a pouring of molten metal in the mould.")
cnt(W765,"A binary code for integer values which ensures that adjacent integers are encoded by binary strings with Hamming distance one. Gray codes play an important role in the application of canonical genetic algorithms to parameter optimization problems, because both theoretical and empirical findings indicate that they are preferable if a binary coding of real values is desired")
cnt(W766,"a binary distinctive feature used in some models to refer to those coronals which are produced by the tip of the tongue (apex), as opposed to those articulated by the tongue blade and are laminal.")
cnt(W767,"a binary feature used for the specification of coronals, defined in terms of the relative extent of the constriction along the vocal tract.")
cnt(W768,"a binary feature used for the specification of labial segments and referring to the active use of one or both lips in the articulation of a segment.")
cnt(W769,"a binary major-class distinctive feature, abbreviated as ? ? cons? , defined in terms of the relative degree of constriction in the vocal tract. ? +cons? segments are those produced by a constriction which either completely blocks the airflow at some point, or causes audible friction.")
cnt(W770,"a binary manner feature in distinctive feature theory, abbreviated as ? ? cont? , defined in terms of the presence vs. absence of a central occlusion in the vocal tract.")
cnt(W771,"a binary manner feature, defined in terms of the relative amount of noise in the articulation of a segment.")
cnt(W772,"a binary place feature in distinctive feature theory, abbreviated as ? ? cor? , defined in terms of the raising of the tongue crown (tip and/or blade) from the rest position.")
cnt(W773,"a binary tongue body feature in distinctive feature theory, defined in terms of the lowering of the tongue body from its rest position.")
cnt(W774,"a binary tongue-body feature in distinctive feature theory referring to the retraction of the tongue in the articulation of segments, which are thus specified as ? ? back? .")
cnt(W775,"a binary tongue-body feature in distinctive feature theory, referring to the presence vs. absence of tongue-body raising from the neutral position.")
cnt(W776,"A binomial function expansion technique.")
cnt(W777,"A biochemical catalyzer (proteinaceous in nature), generated by living organims.")
cnt(W778,"A biochemical compound consisting of glycerol and three fatty acids.")
cnt(W779,"A biochemical process in the brain. Parts of the brain are used for short-term memorization, while other parts are used for long-term memorization. It is well recognized that ""learning to learn"" must start at a very early age. Experimental learning is ""learning by doing"" and self-directed learning.")
cnt(W780,"A biochemical reaction accompanied by biological catalysts (enzymes).")
cnt(W781,"A biochemical structure made up of hundreds (or more) sugar molecules.")
cnt(W782,"A biodegradable polymer derived from lactic acid. PLA resembles clear polystyrene, it provides good aesthetics (gloss and clarity), but it is stiff and brittle and needs modification for most practical applications (e.g. plasticisers increase its flexibility).")
cnt(W783,"A biogeographical region or formation; a major regional ecological community characterized by distinctive life forms and principal plant or animal species. Typically divided into terrestrial versus marine biomes, conventional categories include tropical forest, temperate forest, boreal forest, tropical savanna, temperate and tropical grassland, tundra and alpine meadow, desert scrub, swamps and marshes, coral reefs and algal beds, estuaries, lakes and streams, continental shelf, and open ocean.")
cnt(W784,"A biologic structure made from the shells of the serpulid worm.")
cnt(W785,"A biological catalyst performing a transformation. Usually cells or enzymes.")
cnt(W788,"A biological concept according to which living beings organization is emergent from physical and biological processes, but different in kind. Replaced vitalism.")
cnt(W790,"A biological control technique, which involves release of mass reared natural enemies to augment the existing natural enemy population.")
cnt(W791,"A biological effluent treatment process dependent on microorganisms that thrive in the absence of oxygen. Most processes operate in the mesophilic range (32–37ºC).")
cnt(W792,"A biological effluent treatment process dependent on microorganisms, which require oxygen for their metabolism. Most processes operate in the psychrophilic range (10–30ºC).")
cnt(W794,"A biological interaction in which an animal hunts, kills and eats other animals.")
cnt(W795,"A biological interaction in which an animal or plant lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it.")
cnt(W796,"a biological molecule, usually a protein, which is produced for the purpose of in vivo administration to detect or treat disease.")
cnt(W799,"A biological or chemical agent whose presence indicates specific environmental conditions or contaminants.")
cnt(W801,"A biological polymer made by linking together amino acids. Proteins range in size from chains of a few dozen to several thousand amino acids.")
cnt(W802,"A biological process in which the waste is degraded into carbon dioxide, digestion gas, and a residual sludge containing the biomass.")
cnt(W803,"A biological process to degrade and detoxify contaminants by use of microorganisms, and typically, they are natural bacteria and fungi.")
cnt(W804,"A biological process where a complex series of coupled redox reactions break down organic compounds for carbon and energy.")
cnt(W805,"A biological relationship between two individuals belonging to different species that help each other through a variety of mechanisms.")
cnt(W806,"a biological response that can be measured in tissue samples, body fluids or at the level of the whole organism which signal exposure to, or the effects of anthropogenic chemicals and radiations.")
cnt(W807,"A biological species is a population of individuals, acknowledged by man to be unique and readily able to cross-breed leading to the production of completely fertile descendants.")
cnt(W808,"A biological wastewater treatment process in which a mixture of the wastewater and activated sludge is aerated in a reactor basin or aeration tank. The active biological solids bio-oxidize the waste matter, and the biological solids are then removed by secondary clarification or final settling.")
cnt(W809,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in food with the potential for incubation, causing an adverse health effect when present at an unacceptable level.")
cnt(W811,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect, when present at an unacceptable level.")
cnt(W813,"A biological, chemical, or physical agent in, or condition of, food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.")
cnt(W814,"A biologically-based model of carcinogenesis commonly used in the risk assessment process")
cnt(W816,"A biomolecule is a compound that naturally occurs in living organisms. Biomolecules consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, along with nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. Other elements sometimes are incorporated but these are much less common.")
cnt(W817,"A bioreactor, in which the microorganisms are kept suspended in a tall cylinder by rising air, which is introduced at the bottom of the vessel.")
cnt(W818,"A biosocial, ecological, social, economic, historical and cultural unanimity of a sizeable group of people who objectively compose and recognize themselves as one unity as opposed to some other similar groups (""we"" - ""they""). As a rule each ethos is characterized by common territory and language.")
cnt(W819,"A biotechnological technique to introduce DNA or other macromolecules into a cell or organism by their exposure to an electrical field.")
cnt(W821,"A biozone consisting of the body of fossiliferous strata between two specified biostratigraphic horizons. Horizons are those surfaces or interfaces across which there is a significant and distinctive change in biostratigraphic character (appearance or disappearance of a distinct fossil taxon, etc.).")
cnt(W822,"A bipolar semiconductor device comprising three or more junctions that can be switched from the “off” state to the “on” state through a gate pulse. The turn-off process, however, requires a natural current zero. Therefore, thyristors are primarily used for line commutated converters.")
cnt(W823,"A black hydrocarbon associated with gilsonite but insoluble in turpentine.")
cnt(W824,"A black lustrous solid hydrocarbon soluble in turpentine. Occurs in veins in the Green River Formation and associated rocks in the state of Utah, US.")
cnt(W825,"A black solid hydrocarbon with a variable luster, black streak, and high specific gravity.")
cnt(W826,"A blanket deposit of buff-colored calcareous silt, homogeneous, nonstratified, weakly coherent, porous, easily wrinkled and can stand in steep or vertical faces. Loess covers wide areas in northern Europe, eastern China and the Mississippi Valley. It is considered to be windblown dust of the Pleistocene age.")
cnt(W827,"A blend of gasoline with a small percentage of alcohol fuel. The alcohol serves to enhance the octane rating of the gasoline.")
cnt(W828,"A block of rock or concrete, generally of a specific design, used for breakwater construction.")
cnt(W829,"A block of solid ore or rock left in place to structurally support the shaft walls or roof in a mine in order to prevent undermining of surface buildings, structures and objects of nature.")
cnt(W830,"A blood fluke infection with adult worms living in veins of humans. Hosts for larvae are freshwater snails.")
cnt(W831,"A blood parasite causing the most common and most severe form of human malaria. The parasite has a complex reproduction cycle : an asexual one occurring in the liver and red blood cells of humans and a sexual one in mosquitoes. As a result mosquitoes feeding on human blood play an essential role in spreading the disease by transmitting the parasite from one person to another.")
cnt(W832,"a blood platelet.")
cnt(W833,"A blueprint for sustainable development in the twenty-first century, agreed at the 1992 UNCED ""Earth"" Summit in Rio de Janeiro.")
cnt(W834,"a bluish discoloration, especially of the skin and mucous membranes as a result of an excessive concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the blood")
cnt(W836,"A board with embedded sockets for various chips and with embedded wires connecting the sockets. The motherboard is a PCB.")
cnt(W837,"A boat seine which gathers fish to the net by long sweeping ropes.")
cnt(W838,"A body based on the membership of other bodies or individuals and that has an established constitution and its own administration.")
cnt(W839,"A body cavity lined by a cell layer (epithelium).")
cnt(W840,"A body cell, as opposed to a germ line line cell.")
cnt(W841,"A body consisting of ceramic particles bonded with a metal, used for cutting and tooling.")
cnt(W842,"A body of doctrine set forth by Sigmund Freud, based on unconscious motivations, conflict and symbolism, recently deepened to the study of the self, in pre-symbolic terms.")
cnt(W843,"A body of ice originating on land by recrystallization of snow and showing evidence of past or present movement.")
cnt(W844,"A body of ideas developed by integrating the findings of environmental science and environmental values.")
cnt(W845,"A body of knowledge about the surrounding environment built up by a group of people through generations of living in close contact with nature and depending on the resources of an area for survival. TEK incorporates philosophies and worldviews, practical strategies for sustainable resource use, and ways of communicating and acquiring this knowledge.")
cnt(W846,"A body of knowledge derived from the application of game-theoretic methods to multiple-objective, multiple-participant decision-making problems involving the enforcement of regulations and social norms through inspections.")
cnt(W847,"A body of knowledge with conventionally defined boundaries, though overlapping may exist.")
cnt(W848,"A body of material used to reduce the passage of radiation.")
cnt(W849,"A body of mineralization (q.v.) that is notionally or demonstrably of economic value and may already constitute an ore body (q.v.)")
cnt(W850,"A body of permeable and poorly permeable material that functions regionally as a water-yielding unit; it comprises two or more permeable beds separated at least locally by confining beds that impede ground-water movement but do not greatly affect the regional hydraulic continuity of the system; includes both saturated and unsaturated parts of permeable material.")
cnt(W853,"a body of representatives elected by people for the purpose of law-making.")
cnt(W854,"A body of rock or sediment at or near the Earth’s surface that is not confined by an overlying impermeable geological unit, and is capable of transmitting significant volumes of groundwater.")
cnt(W857,"A body of rock that is capable of transmitting significant volumes of groundwater, and is stratigraphically bounded by relatively impermeable geological media such as clay or shale.")
cnt(W858,"a body of Roman religious law compiled in the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD.")
cnt(W859,"A body of rules or legislation defining certain criteria, such as composition, appearance, freshness, source, sanitation, maximal bacterial count, maximum level of pesticide or veterinary drug residues, maximum concentration of additives, and so on, which food must fulfill to be suitable for distribution or sale.")
cnt(W860,"A body of rules or legislation defining certain criteria—such as composition, appearance, freshness, source, sanitation, maximal bacterial count, purity, maximum concentration of additives, and so on—which food must fulfill to be suitable for distribution or for sale.")
cnt(W863,"a body of rules regulating national economic development.")
cnt(W864,"a body of rules regulating the use, management and preservation as well as enhancement of the human environment, in the air, the soil and the water.")
cnt(W865,"A body of water rising and overflowing the land.")
cnt(W867,"A body of work that engages in a thorough reconsideration and problematization of center-periphery relationships between the Third World and the First.")
cnt(W868,"A body recognized at the national, regional, or international level that has as a principal function, by virtue of its statutes, the preparation, approval, or adoption of standards that are made available to the public.")
cnt(W869,"A body that has legal power and rights.")
cnt(W871,"A body that is an ideal absorber and that absorbs all the radiation incident on it; it is also an ideal emitter that radiates energy at the maximum possible rate per unit area at that temperature.")
cnt(W872,"a body which emits radiation at maximum possible intensity for every wavelength, also a perfect absorber of radiation in every wavelength.")
cnt(W873,"a boiler (nuclear reactor), a turbine and a generator combined into an electrical installation for generation of electric energy")
cnt(W874,"A bomb whose energy comes from the fission heavy elements such U or Pu.")
cnt(W875,"A bond delivering a fixed amount of cash at maturity.")
cnt(W876,"A bone of the opercular series between the opercle and the interopercle.")
cnt(W877,"A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension.")
cnt(W878,"A bottom-dwelling life habit.")
cnt(W879,"A bottom-flowing current laden with suspended sediment, moving swiftly down a subaqueous slope and spreading horizontally on the floor.")
cnt(W880,"a boundary between the zones of activity and degradation of a surging glacier during a quiescent stage.")
cnt(W881,"A boundary driving force pulling the upper plate in the event that the lower oceanic plate retreats from the subduction zone.")
cnt(W882,"A boundary line separating adjacent watersheds or oceanic slopes.")
cnt(W883,"a boundary region in the sea water column where two layers of water of different temperature are separated, with a sharp change in temperature with depth.")
cnt(W884,"A boundary set of a polyhedron of dimension one.")
cnt(W885,"a boundary value problem with given values of the unknown function on the boundary.")
cnt(W886,"A boundary zone between two ecological communities of major rank.")
cnt(W887,"A boundary, in temperature-composition space, between a single phase solid and (liquid+ solid) phase regions.")
cnt(W888,"A boundary, in temperature-composition space, between liquid and (liquid+ solid) phase regions.")
cnt(W889,"a bounded area, possessing some unity or organizing structure.")
cnt(W890,"A bounded polyhedron.")
cnt(W891,"A bowl-shaped hollow in a mountainside, from which accumulated ice flows away as a glacier.")
cnt(W892,"A branch discipline of economic geology that deals with the geological character, origin, distribution, and industrial and economic appraisals of coal and coalfields. The subjects of coal geology include (1) the composition, properties, and origins of coal; (2) the characteristics and formation conditions of coal seams and coal measures; (3) the genesis and distribution of the coal-accumulating basin.")
cnt(W893,"A branch of a cladogram. Sometimes referring to a monophyletic group.")
cnt(W894,"A branch of applied knowledge studying the means and methods of application of electric energy for practical aims.")
cnt(W895,"A branch of applied philosophy that deals with moral relations between human beings and their natural environment.")
cnt(W896,"A branch of artificial intelligence.")
cnt(W897,"A branch of biology concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W898,"A branch of coal geology, which investigates formation, characteristics, and distribution of coal and coal measure.")
cnt(W899,"A branch of dynamics that deals with aspects of motion apart from considerations of mass and force.")
cnt(W900,"A branch of economics concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W901,"a branch of economics originally inspired by evolutionary theory. Evolutionary economics is primarily concerned with economic changes through time.")
cnt(W902,"A branch of economics that investigates human decision making behavior by laboratory experimentation in simple decision settings involving human subjects.")
cnt(W903,"A branch of engineering that deals with the application of engineering methods and concepts in construction involving geological materials.")
cnt(W904,"A branch of environmental science concerned with the statistical analysis of observations.")
cnt(W905,"A branch of ethics that focuses on real-life applications.")
cnt(W906,"A branch of feminist theory based in developing, formerly colonized and still colonized countries that is interested in the analysis of colonial relationships, racism, Eurocentrism, and Orientalism, and the impacts of these systems on women.")
cnt(W907,"A branch of feminist theory that is popular mainly in Northern/Western academic contexts and is interested in deconstructive and discursive analysis, the critique of the unified subject and all other totalizing categories.")
cnt(W908,"A branch of game theory in which a commitment among players in a game, such as an agreement on how to share costs of a joint project equitably, is binding and enforceable.")
cnt(W909,"A branch of game theory in which players in a game can make independent choices and commitment is not enforceable.")
cnt(W910,"A branch of geography that deals with mountains")
cnt(W911,"A branch of geography that deals with snow, ice, and permafrost")
cnt(W912,"A branch of geology that deals specifically with the surface of the earth and the origin and nature of the landforms that constitute that surface.")
cnt(W913,"A branch of geology that deals with the effects of chemicals elements and compounds on human health and disease.")
cnt(W914,"A branch of geometrical mathematics dealing with spatial relationship between and among various features of resources. Each point, line, or polygon as a feature ""know"", where it is, what is connected to it, and what is around it by using GIS.")
cnt(W915,"A branch of geophysics dealing with the structure and chemistry of the middle and upper atmosphere.")
cnt(W916,"A branch of likelihood-based analyses whereby the model parameters are assumed random, unknown quantities.")
cnt(W917,"A branch of linguistics dealing with the functional, rather than physical aspects of speech sounds.")
cnt(W918,"A branch of mathematics relating probability measures to dynamical systems. A system is ergodic when a long-time average over a single orbit is the same as the average over an ensemble of orbits at a single time.")
cnt(W919,"A branch of mathematics. Mainly it deals with counting and enumerating objects.")
cnt(W920,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of mechanical laws to the solution of astronomical problems.")
cnt(W921,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of mechanics to construction of buildings and various facilities.")
cnt(W922,"A branch of mechanics that considers the application of the laws of theoretical mechanics and conclusions from practical experience to the solution of certain engineering problems.")
cnt(W923,"A branch of mechanics that considers the impact of forces to a material body in motion (system of bodies in motion).")
cnt(W924,"A branch of mechanics that considers theoretical fundamentals of mechanics and its application for solution of general problems of various kinds.")
cnt(W925,"A branch of mechanics that deals with engineering properties and behavior of rocks.")
cnt(W926,"A branch of mechanics that studies mechanical laws with application to the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and machines.")
cnt(W927,"A branch of mechanics that studies the balance of material bodies (systems of bodies) in a still state, regardless of the impact of forces.")
cnt(W929,"a branch of medicine (science and practice) treating mineral waters, thermal waters and mineral muds for curative (therapeutic) purposes (drinking, baths, applications, etc.). Etymology:from Latin balneum – bath.")
cnt(W930,"A branch of optics of the atmosphere concerned with the principles of solar radiation transfer in plant canopies.")
cnt(W931,"A branch of optimization theory")
cnt(W932,"A branch of science related to the study of the relationship of organisms and their environment.")
cnt(W933,"A branch of science that deals with the changes in a physical or chemical system, and the rate of change in such a system.")
cnt(W934,"A branch of science that is devoted to the problems of gathering, storing, processing, and transmitting information.")
cnt(W935,"A branch of spatial statistics concerned with observations of a quantity defined on a finite set of points or regions.")
cnt(W936,"A branch of spatial statistics concerned with point observations of a continuously varying quantity over a region")
cnt(W937,"A branch of spatial statistics in which the observations are the locations of events throughout a region.")
cnt(W938,"A branch of surveying for making topographic maps, which determines the positions of the natural and man-made features and the configuration of the terrain.")
cnt(W939,"A branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is neglected except for leveling, where all distances and horizontal angles are projected onto one horizontal plane.")
cnt(W940,"A branch of surveying that establishes precise horizontal and vertical positions of reference monuments, which serve as the control framework for subordinate survey projects.")
cnt(W941,"A branch of surveying that takes the curvature of the earth into account, where all distances and horizontal angles are projected onto the surface of the reference ellipsoid.")
cnt(W942,"A branch of the governing body of the European Union (EU) invested with executive and some legislative powers located in Brussels, Belgium.  http: //www.answers.com/European Commission .")
cnt(W943,"A branch of the jawbone; e.g., the ascending and horizontal rami.")
cnt(W944,"A branch of the mechanics of continuous media that considers liquids and gases.")
cnt(W945,"A branch of theoretical mechanics concerned with the motion of a changeable (continuous) media.")
cnt(W946,"A branch of zoology dealing with insects.")
cnt(W947,"A branch or a shoot growing out from the parent plant and able to produce another similar plant.")
cnt(W949,"A branch oriented to increase food production on the basis of the resource saving, energy saving, and ecologically safe and economically proved technologies of cultivation of agricultural plants, as well as on a thorough biologization and ecologization of the intensification processes.")
cnt(W950,"A branching or forking leading to a qualitative change in the behavior of a system.")
cnt(W951,"A brand name for a perforated metal structural member that is popular with contractors due to ease of installation, often used to support electrical conduit and mechanical piping. Not used in food plants since it is difficult to clean.")
cnt(W952,"a break or breach in a river bank, such as a natural levée.")
cnt(W953,"A break or crack in the bedrock.")
cnt(W954,"A break or fracture in a subsurface rock formation causing offset of strata along which movement has occurred and which may act either as a conduit for the movement of subsurface fluids or as a barrier to their movement, thus forming a trap.")
cnt(W955,"A breaking wave that dives (plunges) into the shoreface, expending its energy very rapidly. This contrasts with a surging breaker which rushes up the beach conserving much of its energy.")
cnt(W956,"A breakwater composed of large reinforced concrete box (caisson) filled with sand and/or gravel with a superstructure of placed-in-place concrete, installed on top of a rubble mound foundation.")
cnt(W957,"A breakwater with an upright section composed of concrete caisson or rectangular concrete blocks, installed on top of a rubble mound foundation.")
cnt(W958,"A breed or variety of animals, humans, or plants having or supposed to have common ancestors and resembling each other in physical appearance.")
cnt(W959,"A brief light snowfall.")
cnt(W960,"A bright streak of light in the sky caused by the entry into Earth’s atmosphere of a meteoroid or a small icy particle. Very large, bright meteors are called ""fireballs"" and ""bolides"" (also ""shooting star"" or ""falling star"").")
cnt(W961,"A brittle alloy of iron and 2 to 6% carbon.")
cnt(W962,"A brittle, transparent, glassy solid that remains behind after the distillation of turpentine from pine resin.")
cnt(W963,"A broad abstract idea or a guiding principle, for example how a conspecific behaves or how events are perceived. The most basic understanding of something.")
cnt(W965,"A broad class of organisms in an ecosystem characterized by a single mode of food supply; e. g. Plants and herbivores, each occupy different trophic levels. Parasitoids of phytophagous insects frequently interact with plant allelochemicals through a tritrophic or multitrophic intercourse.")
cnt(W966,"A broad classification of techniques that may be used to detect components of complex mixtures, typically organic, on the basis of separation between a mobile and stationary phase.")
cnt(W967,"A broad classification of wastes that pose an unreasonable risk to environmental health and safety with characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity.")
cnt(W968,"A broad elevated tableland or flat-topped highland, usually many hundreds or thousands of square kilometers, most of which are tholeiitic basalts and the products of fissure eruption.")
cnt(W969,"A broad field of research, theory and practice directed at the development of human resources, their rational and optimal use, and the establishment of a system in which these resources can find their full expression. The purpose of HRD is to enhance learning, human potential and high performance in work-related systems and contribute to sustainable and positive human development.")
cnt(W971,"A broad form of the body.")
cnt(W972,"a broad funnel-shaped bay, at the mouth of a river, where the tide meets the river current.")
cnt(W973,"A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals.")
cnt(W974,"A broad glacier at the base of a slope formed by the coalescing of valley glaciers from higher elevations ib the mountains.")
cnt(W975,"A broad interdisciplinary science focusing on the structure, nature, and dynamics of complex systems.")
cnt(W976,"A broad notion of critical science employed with a systems perspective.")
cnt(W977,"A broad personality dimension in Eysenck's model that reflects traits typical of low tender-mindedness such as being cold, hostile, unfriendly, unhelpful, and lacking empathy and guilt; this dimension corresponds to low agreeableness and low conscientiousness in the Five-Factor Model.")
cnt(W978,"A broad personality dimension in the Five-Factor Model reflecting positive qualities in interpersonal relationships such as helpfulness, trust, altruism, and tender-mindedness.")
cnt(W979,"A broad personality dimension in the Five-Factor Model that includes orderliness and methodicalness as well as will for achievement and success.")
cnt(W980,"A broad personality dimension that reflects emotional instability, negative emotionality, anxiety, and/or depression.")
cnt(W982,"A broad realm of human-made elements that leave a distinctive mark on the earth's surface and reflect the religious, agricultural, architectural, political, and commercial constructs of a particular people in space and time.")
cnt(W983,"A broad subdivision of the Precambrian, derived from its predecessor “Archeozoic”. In present terminology, it has the rank of eon. Its younger boundary has been arbitrarily set at 2500 Ma, whereas its older boundary is not clearly defined, but is here interpreted to lie at 3900 Ma.")
cnt(W984,"A broad term meaning changes in characteristics of a soil.")
cnt(W985,"A broad term that covers indigenous forest management systems and government-initiated programs at the village level.")
cnt(W986,"A broad term used to describe the effect something has on the sensory organs of touch, taste, or smell. The term is used to describe appearance, texture, aroma, and flavor of a food product.")
cnt(W987,"a broad, flat, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately uncovered and covered by the tide.")
cnt(W988,"A broad, interdisciplinary view held by many sociolinguists and linguistic anthropologists that the life of language should be examined within the matrix of socio-economic processes, cultural formations, relations of power and ideologies.")
cnt(W989,"a broad, shallow depression within continental crust that results from tectonic stresses. Because they are topographic lows they become regions where sediments are deposited.")
cnt(W990,"A broad-crested weir with an upstream slope of 1:2 and a downstream slope of 1:5")
cnt(W991,"A broiler raised to a heavier weight")
cnt(W992,"A brown coal in coalification intermediate between peat and bituminous coal.")
cnt(W993,"a brown product with specific flavor obtained by direct heating of sugars ")
cnt(W995,"a buffering technique allowing of uninterrupted video reception on the Internet")
cnt(W996,"a buffering technique allowing uninterrupted audio reception on the Internet")
cnt(W997,"A building and equipment for refining or purifying metals, oil, or sugar.")
cnt(W998,"A building contract is an agreement between two parties, a client and an individual or organisation, to undertake an agreed amount of work, to an agreed standard and for an agreed sum of money. The exacting requirements of good conservation practice means that the form of contract employed is extremely important to the success of the project. The size and nature of contracts will vary widely, but there are common elements which every contract should include, such as")
cnt(W999,"A building is defined in the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1972 as ""including any structure or erection, and any part of a building"". This was amended by The Housing and Planning Act 1986 to include in the case of listed buildings, ""any object or structure which is fixed to a building, or which falls within the curtilage of the building and, although not fixed to the building, has formed part of the land since before 1 July 1948, shall be treated as part of the building.""")
cnt(W1000,"A building or area in a condition of decay or partial ruin, either by misuse or through neglect.")
cnt(W1001,"A building or structure in which glass and metal castings are produced.")
cnt(W1002,"A building, or a complex of buildings, into which electronic information comes. Within the building, the information is modified in some way, and then sent on to another destination. Its principal components include a central facility offering diverse telecommunications across a variety of mediums, a land development opportunity, and a distribution network linking with telecommunications users in the area.")
cnt(W1003,"A built-up area created by the coalescence of once separate urban settlements, initially through ribbon development along major interurban routes. Characterized by a mosaic of different land-use types such as residential, commercial, and industrial.")
cnt(W1004,"A bulk material of fixed structure and composition. It may be a crystalline solid, a gas, a liquid, or a fluid.")
cnt(W1005,"A bulk storage container, usually of large volumetric capacity and tending to have a slender, cylindrical body section with a conical hopper section. May be built in banks and constructed of metal or concrete. Broadly synonymous with hopper and, to a limited extent, with bin and bunker.")
cnt(W1006,"A bulk storage container, usually of small or medium size. Synonymous with hopper and, to a limited extent, with silo. May be mobile or transportable.")
cnt(W1007,"a bunch of flowers or seeds, close or scattered; a compound raceme")
cnt(W1008,"A bunch of inclined square or diagonal tubes submerged in a sedimentation basin to quicken the settling of flocs. Sloping-plate settlers are also widely used.")
cnt(W1009,"A bunch of inclined square or diagonal tubes submerged in a sedimentation basin to quicken the settling of flocs. Sloping-plate settlers are also widely used.")
cnt(W1010,"A bundle of systems approaches stemming from engineering applications and analysis of large logistical systems. It is characterized by search for optimal solutions and works—as a rule—with highly elaborated mathematical methods.")
cnt(W1011,"a burden sharing arrangement for the distribution of emission abatement efforts is cost efficient if it is impossible to decrease total costs by reallocating abatement efforts while maintaining the overall reduction target.")
cnt(W1012,"A buried erosion surface separating two sedimentary rock masses.")
cnt(W1013,"A burst of a volcano followed by ejection of melted rocks, ashes, aerosols, and gases from the earth depths.")
cnt(W1014,"A bus architecture in which data is transmitted over one data line as opposed to 32 or 64 data lines. The different data bits are all multiplexed onto the same wire.")
cnt(W1015,"A bus used in PCs that use Pentium II and PentiumPro, dedicated to connecting the processor and cache. The processor and memory are connected by the standard processor memory bus while the backside bus connects the processor to the cache. It sits on the other side as the main processor to memory bus.")
cnt(W1016,"A bus used local to the processor as opposed to one that is globally used to connect any peripheral. VESA local bus (VLBus) and PCI buses are local buses in the personal computer world.")
cnt(W1017,"A bus used to interconnect 2 buses. Often the two buses are different, but occasionally there are bridge buses between the same kind of buses, eg:a PCI to PCI bridge")
cnt(W1018,"A business approach aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of a given product or service during its entire life cycle. A firm implementing life cycle management is one that is fully aware that its strategic decisions and activities may affect upstream and downstream life cycle stages.")
cnt(W1019,"A business that can offer a local telecommunications service in competition with the incumbent local telecommunications operator (for example, RBOC in the USA).")
cnt(W1020,"A business that inherently lends itself to domination by a single firm.")
cnt(W1021,"A business that manages a cargo owner's logistics needs at arm's length on the behalf of the cargo owner.")
cnt(W1022,"A business that transmits information over telecommunications networks.")
cnt(W1023,"A business undertaking to keep its customers' (depositors') money safe and available over time. The bank makes a profit on this transaction by lending the money entrusted to it out at interest to borrowers. Since only a fraction of depositors withdraw their deposits at any time, these activities are not inconsistent.")
cnt(W1026,"a by-product of sugar manufacture.")
cnt(W1027,"A cableway erected over a construction area for placing concrete in gravity, buttress or arch concrete dams.")
cnt(W1028,"A Ca–Fe–Al rock-forming silicate.")
cnt(W1029,"a calcareous concretion in the inner ear of a vertebrate or in the otocyst of an invertebrate")
cnt(W1030,"A calcareous mudrock.")
cnt(W1031,"A calcareous or siliceous mud, mainly the shells of small organisms, covering parts of the ocean bottom.")
cnt(W1032,"a calculation of the number of persons we can expect to be alive at a future date, given the number now alive and given reasonable assumptions about age-specific mortality and fertility rates.")
cnt(W1033,"A calculation procedure for determining a feasible point or a vertex of an LP.")
cnt(W1034,"A calculation procedure for improving the objective until the optimal point is reached.")
cnt(W1035,"A call option gives its owner the right, but no obligation, to buy a specified security for a specified price during a specified time frame.")
cnt(W1036,"A camera specially designed for aerial photogrammetry, and called a metric camera.")
cnt(W1037,"A camera tube in which a high-velocity electron beam scans a photoactive target that has electrical storage capacity, invented by Zworykin.")
cnt(W1038,"A camera tube invented by Philo Farnsworth with a continuous photocathode on which a photoelectric emission is formed and whose electron image is scanned by moving the image past an aperture.")
cnt(W1039,"A camera which records and outputs a digital image.")
cnt(W1040,"A canal crossing over a summit of hill or mountain by means of locks, ship lifts, and others.")
cnt(W1041,"A canal maintaining its water level same as the sea level throughout its length.")
cnt(W1042,"a cancer-causing substance or agent.")
cnt(W1043,"A capability of some plants to sense the length of the night. In turn, this capability allows plants to schedule their flowering time and, hence, their maturation time.")
cnt(W1044,"A car constructed with an aluminum supercarriage that is attached to traditional steel bogies, therefore reducing the tare weight and allowing the car to carry more freight.")
cnt(W1045,"A carbohydrate (sugar) polymer.")
cnt(W1047,"A carbohydrate containing two monosaccharide units joined by a glycoside linkage.")
cnt(W1048,"A carbohydrate occurring in rhizomes and roots of many plants; dahlia starch.")
cnt(W1049,"A carbon pool that is releasing carbon to the atmosphere faster than it is removing it, and is thus shrinking.")
cnt(W1050,"A carbon pool that is removing carbon from the atmosphere faster than it is releasing it, and is thus growing.")
cnt(W1051,"A cardinal scale, where the intensity of preference between two values is measured by their difference.")
cnt(W1052,"A cardinal scale, where the intensity of preference between two values is measured by their quotient.")
cnt(W1053,"A carrier combined with other carriers to create a composite signal.")
cnt(W1054,"a carrying element of a shaft or axle designed to fix in place the rotating or swinging part of a mechanism with respect to its parts.")
cnt(W1055,"A cartel seeks maximum profits by driving out competition and by limiting production in times of oversupply.")
cnt(W1056,"A cartilaginous part of the speech tract functioning  primarily to prevent food and solid objects from entering the respiratory tract and having  no major linguistic function.")
cnt(W1057,"A cartographic generalization operation in lines or polygons have their straight segments replaced by curves, thereby reducing the visual impact of sharp corners and angles, in order to produce a more natural look for the corresponding phenomenon.")
cnt(W1058,"A cartographic generalization operation in which a group of closely placed points, configuring a cluster, is delimited as a polygon.")
cnt(W1059,"A cartographic generalization operation in which certain visual characteristics of a feature are modified in order to increase its visual importance in a map.")
cnt(W1060,"A cartographic generalization operation in which contiguous polygonal objects are joined into one.")
cnt(W1061,"A cartographic generalization operation in which less significant elements that are placed near more significant ones are abandoned, in order to improve the overall readability of a map by setting a lower density of information.")
cnt(W1062,"A cartographic generalization operation in which the dimension of the representation of an object is reduced. For instance, a 2-D object such as a polygon can be transformed into a line or a point.")
cnt(W1063,"A cartographic generalization operation in which two or more parallel and close lines are combined for the sake of simplifying the representation of a feature, thus generating a single line.")
cnt(W1064,"A cartographic generalization operation in which two overlapping features are displaced relative to one another, in order to avoid the conflict and improve the map’s readability.")
cnt(W1065,"A cartographic generalization operation in which vertices from a line or a polygon are discarded in order to generate a simpler representation for the corresponding phenomenon.")
cnt(W1066,"A caste group in the state of Orissa.")
cnt(W1067,"A castrated male calf.")
cnt(W1068,"a catalyst containing a chiral ligand used to induce stereoselectivity in the reaction.")
cnt(W1069,"A catalytic converter that can chemically convert the three major gaseous pollutants:carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons, to non-toxic stable species.")
cnt(W1070,"A catalytic high pressure, high temperature process for the conversion of petroleum feedstocks in the presence of fresh and recycled hydrogen.")
cnt(W1071,"a catalytic RNA")
cnt(W1072,"A category of air pollutants that refers to small, solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in air.")
cnt(W1073,"a category of features in distinctive feature theory, determining the state in the larynx in the articulation of segments and including features ? ? voice? , ? ? spread glottis? , and ? ? constricted glottis? .")
cnt(W1074,"A category of infinite dimensional Lie algebras which represent symmetry of loops")
cnt(W1075,"a category of intangible rights protecting commercially valuable products of human intellect")
cnt(W1077,"a category of languages in tonal typology, using tone variations exclusively for intonational purposes, as opposed to tone languages and pitch-accent languages.")
cnt(W1078,"A category of life forms that require only inorganic chemicals and sunlight for growth.")
cnt(W1079,"A category of people based on presumedly shared ancestry and characterized by shared cultural elements reflecting that ancestry.")
cnt(W1081,"a category of water quality criteria that measures the combined toxic effects of pollutants on individual test species.")
cnt(W1082,"A cathode ray tube receiver developed by Vladimir Zworykin.")
cnt(W1083,"A caudal fin with unequal caudal-fin lobes; the end of the vertebral column extends into the upper lobe.")
cnt(W1084,"A causal scheme of risk determinants, with public interest(s) at the top and specific regulatee action at the bottom.")
cnt(W1087,"A cavity lined by an epithelium that contains the proboscis and is present in nemerteans.")
cnt(W1088,"A cell dividing by a wall parallel to the surface of the organ.")
cnt(W1089,"a cell having three times the haploid set of chromosomes.")
cnt(W1090,"a cell in a meristem which always remains within the meristem; its sister cells (derivatives) elongate and differentiate after several divisions. Comparable to the stem cell in animals.")
cnt(W1091,"a cell line formed by the hyridization of a myeloma and a lymphocyte.")
cnt(W1093,"a cell obtaining all its carbon from organic compounds")
cnt(W1094,"A cell or an organism possessing a single homologous chromosome set")
cnt(W1095,"A cell or an organism possessing two homologous autosomal (with no relation to sex determination) chromosome sets (of paternal and maternal origin) that code organism traits")
cnt(W1096,"A cell or organism having a membrane-enclosed (true) nucleus and usually other organelles. (Fungi, algae, plants and animals are eukaryotes, whereas bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes, i.e. organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles).")
cnt(W1097,"A cell or tissue synthesizing protoplasm and dividing; thus, a source of other cells or tissues.")
cnt(W1098,"a cell population derived from a single cell.")
cnt(W1099,"a cell population derived from a single common progeny, assumed not to have altered by differentiation or somatic mutation")
cnt(W1101,"A cell that has undergone artificial insertion of genetic sequences.")
cnt(W1102,"a cell that responds to stimulation by inducing activity in an adjacent nerve.")
cnt(W1103,"A cell which utilizes the generation of an electromotive force when the sun’s rays fall upon it.")
cnt(W1104,"A cellular agent for asexual reproduction.")
cnt(W1106,"A cellular data structure composed of rows and columns. (A group of cells representing features in which each cell represents the value of the feature. A format for storing, processing, and displaying graphic data in which graphic images are stored as values for uniform grid cells or pixels.)")
cnt(W1107,"A cellular organelle containing pigment, e.g. chloroplasts in plants.")
cnt(W1108,"A cellular pattern seen in white light in the photosphere. Individual granules are bright, often polygonal regions, with mean size ~1000 km and lifetime ~15 minutes, separated by darker intergranular lanes.")
cnt(W1109,"A cellulose ether obtained by the reaction of gaseous ethene oxide or propene oxide onto alkali cellulose, with thermoplastic and film forming properties.")
cnt(W1110,"A cellulose-like material in wood that is easily decomposable, e.g.,, by dilute acid, yielding several different simple sugars.")
cnt(W1111,"A cementing and lubricating polymer agent; either a material added to the powder to increase the fluidity during forming or to improve the green strength of the compact (which is expelled during sintering), or a polymer added to a powder for the specific purpose of holding particles together.")
cnt(W1112,"a center (in synthetic organic chemistry is a carbon atom) that will become stereogenic in a chemical transformation. Glycerol is prochiral, oxidation of one of the two primary hydroxyl groups can generate two enantiomers. Also butanone is prochiral, the reduction can afford two enantiomers.")
cnt(W1113,"A center of commerce, usually with a cohesive core of traditional commercial buildings.")
cnt(W1114,"A center of research and a think-tank, formed by a group of scientists, economists, businessmen, international high civil servants, Heads of State, and former Heads of State from the five continents, who are convinced that the future of humankind is not determined once and for all, and that each human being can contribute to the improvement of our societies.")
cnt(W1115,"a central concept in game theory that recognizes that no egoistic rational actor can pursue its own interests independently of the choices of other actors")
cnt(W1116,"A central concept of Confucianism, which means a virtue by which one shares the feelings of others and treat others as oneself.")
cnt(W1117,"a central government program purportedly to permit local involvement in forest management.")
cnt(W1118,"a central member of category, which is naturally the most salient, the one that first comes to mind, is easily remembered and quickly recognized; a mental representation, a cognitive reference point i.e. image or schema")
cnt(W1119,"a central notion of modern democracy and electoral systems.")
cnt(W1120,"A central place theory that is concerned with the distribution and size of settlements resulting from the marketing of goods and services. It postulates an even spread of settlements serving hexagonal market areas in a hierarchic arrangement, with the upper members being the major urban centers and the lower members being the much more numerous small towns, villages, and hamlets with limited services. The model was the work in 1933 of the German geographer W. Christaller.")
cnt(W1121,"A centralized location for citizen deposit of recyclable materials.")
cnt(W1122,"A ceramic substrate in the catalytic converter where active catalyst particles are embedded.")
cnt(W1123,"A certain class of dynamical systems in which time and state are discrete which provide the simplest possible modeling of spatio-temporal aspects of natural phenomena.")
cnt(W1124,"A certain value of stress (yield point), beyond which the material does not behave elastically but undergoes permanent deformation at a constant stress and strain rate.")
cnt(W1125,"A certificate issued in the United States by a trustee bank indicating that it holds a specified number of shares in a foreign (non-US) corporation. These certificates are traded on the stock exchange.")
cnt(W1126,"A certificate stating that the works are now complete and the client is due a full and final settlement to the contractor.")
cnt(W1127,"A cessation of the normal operation of one or more items of power system equipment due to a fault or scheduled maintenance that can lead to an interruption of electricity supply (a blackout).")
cnt(W1128,"a chain of amino acids containing more than 20-30 elements.")
cnt(W1129,"A chain of formal propositions p ? q ? r ? ??? ? z whose last term z is the premise for the first one p. To avoid being a tautology, a logical loop must be implemented on instances of propositions, that is, on facts. In this case, it means that there is a feedback mechanism, driven by the output of the last fact (component, flux) z, which influences the input of the first fact (component, flux) p.")
cnt(W1131,"A chain of people, with knowledge of each other’s existence, who assist each other in various ways.")
cnt(W1132,"A chamber in which cells (microbial, animal, or plant) are grown under strictly controlled conditions.")
cnt(W1133,"A chancy process whereby one seeks at a certain direction and reaches another one that is no less fortunate. The term was taken from Horace Walpole’s fairy-tale, The Three Princes of Serendip, in which the heroes make discoveries by accident of things that there were not seeking at. The sociologist Robert Merton used the idea to characterize scientific research as a voyage into the unknown by routes that are unpredictable and unplannable. It happens often that a researcher finds something important, during the course of a different research programme that he was not in search of.")
cnt(W1134,"a change from one alternative to another that makes no one worse off and at least one party strictly better off")
cnt(W1135,"A change goal(s) is mutually established by the change agent and client organization with the end to improve the organization’s performance. Once achieved, the goal ceases to exist.")
cnt(W1136,"A change in an attribute of an assessment endpoint or its surrogate in response to a stressor to which it is exposed.")
cnt(W1137,"A change in an internal or external factor which affects the climate.")
cnt(W1138,"A change in behavior as a function of a command.")
cnt(W1139,"A change in behavior caused by pressure from others.")
cnt(W1140,"A change in behavior, resulting from a mere request, that is motivated by a desire to gain reward or avoid punishment.")
cnt(W1142,"A change in natural processes on a global scale.")
cnt(W1143,"A change in species composition and ecological conditions at the boundary between adjacent ecosystems. This results from the interaction of two ecosystems separated by an abrupt transition. The penetration depth of edge effects from the borderline towards the ecosystem interior is called depth-of-edge influence.")
cnt(W1144,"A change in state of a system. Examples include transitions such as solid to liquid and liquid to gas.")
cnt(W1145,"A change in the average net radiation (solar or terrestrial) exchanged across the top of the troposphere.")
cnt(W1149,"A change in the brain resulting from stimulation that results in a representation of the information contained in that stimulation, which has the capability of affecting future behavior.")
cnt(W1150,"A change in the bulk chemical composition of a rock; caused by fluid transport of some chemical components into or out of the rock.")
cnt(W1151,"A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.")
cnt(W1152,"A change in the energy balance of the climate system caused by a force external to the climate system. Examples include a change in the intensity of incoming sunlight, an increase in the concentrations of greenhouse gases, and an increase in the concentration of aerosols into the atmosphere as a result of a volcanic eruption.")
cnt(W1153,"A change in the evaluation, intra-attitudinal structure, or inter-attitudinal structure.")
cnt(W1154,"A change in the mineralogy of the country rock as a result of a chemical interaction with hydrothermal fluids. For example, mafic minerals such as hornblende or biotite may alter to chlorite while feldspars may alter to clay minerals. An alteration zone describes rocks that have been altered to a specific association of secondary or alteration minerals, usually around the perimeter of a mineral deposit.")
cnt(W1155,"A change in the relative positions of particles of a body.")
cnt(W1156,"A change in the sea level measured relative to a predetermined datum on the sea floor or within the sediment below the sea floor. It is caused by tectonic uplift or subsidence, or by eustasy.")
cnt(W1157,"A change in the structure of a farm away from a mix of enterprises (e.g. crop types) towards a single enterprise, in order to exploit comparative advantage and the economies of scale.")
cnt(W1159,"A change of composition of a mineral or mineral aggregate by diffusion of new material in and old material out without breakdown of the solid state.")
cnt(W1163,"A change that occurs in a substance during a heat exchange without change in the chemical structure of the material.")
cnt(W1164,"A change that transforms the current solution into a neighbor solution.")
cnt(W1166,"A changeable system of material points representing the continuous distribution of a substance, physical characteristics of its state and of its motion in space.")
cnt(W1167,"A channel bearing the traces of periodic rush of mudflows, characterized by alternation of wash-out sites and deposited material.")
cnt(W1168,"A channel created to allow fish to migrate past a dam in a river.")
cnt(W1169,"a channel or miniature valley cut by concentrated run-off but through which water commonly flows only during and immediately after heavy rains or during the melting of snow. It may be branched or linear, but is usually relatively long, narrow, and of uniform width.")
cnt(W1170,"A channel whose bandwidth is independent of its carrier frequency.")
cnt(W1171,"A channel whose bandwidth is proportional to its carrier frequency.")
cnt(W1172,"a character represents a meaningful unit, such as a morpheme or a word")
cnt(W1173,"a character represents a phoneme.")
cnt(W1174,"a character represents a segment of a syllable")
cnt(W1175,"a character represents a syllable")
cnt(W1176,"a character trait that motivates the expression of values through action.")
cnt(W1177,"A characteristic atmospheric pressure pattern found over the North Pacific Ocean.")
cnt(W1178,"a characteristic inherent in the design (e.g., reliability, maintainability, etc.")
cnt(W1179,"A characteristic number relating the speed, the discharge, and the hydraulic head in terms of revolutions per minute, associated with a particular turbine design.")
cnt(W1180,"A characteristic of a flow system where the magnitude and direction of specific discharge are constant in time at any point.")
cnt(W1181,"A characteristic of a flow system where the magnitude and/or direction of the specific discharge changes with time. Synonymous with non-steady flow. See also flow, steady.")
cnt(W1182,"A characteristic of a geographic feature.")
cnt(W1183,"A characteristic of a medium in which material properties are identical everywhere.")
cnt(W1184,"A characteristic of a medium in which material properties vary from point to point.")
cnt(W1185,"a characteristic of a natural resource that can be harvested on a continuous basis without being depleted.")
cnt(W1186,"a characteristic of a natural resource that cannot be harvested on a continuous basis without being depleted.")
cnt(W1187,"A characteristic of an object of a process where the object’s dependence on the history of the process is fully captured by its dependence on the current state of the process.")
cnt(W1188,"A characteristic of certain elements that show a high affinity for metallic phases, i.e., preferentially dissolve within a metallic host phase.")
cnt(W1189,"A characteristic of common law systems which dictates that courts should follow their previous decisions and those of courts superior in the judicial hierarchy. Also known as judicial precedent.")
cnt(W1190,"A characteristic of living systems to continuously renew themselves and to maintain their structure through processes of self-regulation.")
cnt(W1191,"A characteristic of some geologic material that limits its ability to transmit significant quantities of water under the head differences ordinarily found in the subsurface.")
cnt(W1192,"a characteristic of space or time relationship between successive values of random variable.")
cnt(W1193,"a characteristic of sustainability in ecosystems, systems in which there are long periods of aggregation and shorter periods which may ""flip"" -- undergo abrupt change -- into alternate states.")
cnt(W1194,"A characteristic of the geologic matrix of interest in which hydraulic conductivity is dependent upon position.")
cnt(W1195,"A characteristic of the geologic matrix of interest, in which hydraulic conductivity is independent of position.")
cnt(W1196,"a characteristic often exhibited by complex systems in which the system operates in a narrow band between order and disorder")
cnt(W1198,"A characteristic pattern of atmospheric pressure variation found over the North Atlantic Ocean.")
cnt(W1199,"A characteristic transition in state diagram when all freezable water is frozen. This transition provides unfreezable water fraction, end point of freezing, and characteristic glass transition.")
cnt(W1200,"A characteristic, which does not conform to applicable specification requirements and adversely affects or potentially affects the quality of device.")
cnt(W1202,"A characterization of the relationship between two variables where the elasticity (percentage response in one variable at a 1% change in the other) is constant, and independent of scale.")
cnt(W1203,"A charge for buying or selling a security.")
cnt(W1204,"A charged particle accelerator in which the orbit is maintained by increasing the magnetic fields as radiofrequency energy is injected.")
cnt(W1205,"a charity founded in the city of Oxford to promote famine relief and now involved in education and development work as well as direct provision of aid")
cnt(W1206,"A chart in which a magnetic property (like declination, inclination, etc.) is illustrated by contours of equal value.")
cnt(W1207,"a chart showing the variation of water level or flow against time.")
cnt(W1208,"A charter signed by around 300 European cities after the 1992 Rio conference, to commit themselves to sustainable urban development.")
cnt(W1209,"A chelant.")
cnt(W1210,"A chemical agent able to reduce the viability of microorganisms.")
cnt(W1211,"A chemical agent adaptive to an organism other than its source, such as plant chemical cues to which herbivores respond by attraction.")
cnt(W1212,"A chemical agent that when added to a reaction (process) enhances the conversion of a feedstock without being consumed in the process.")
cnt(W1213,"A chemical agent which is added to food toprevent or retard the deterioration thereof. According to food regulations, this definition does not include common salt, sugars, vinegar, and spices.")
cnt(W1214,"a chemical bond formed by condensation of a carboxylic acid with an amino group")
cnt(W1215,"A chemical change brought about by the action of heat.")
cnt(W1217,"A chemical compound released by a fish that is detected by another fish. May cause changes in behaviour in the fish receiving the signal.")
cnt(W1219,"A chemical compound that attracts swimming larvae to the substrate to begin a sessile existence.")
cnt(W1220,"A chemical compound that generally is not derived from life processes: salts and noncarbon containing compounds. The mineral nutrients essential to plants are inorganic.")
cnt(W1222,"A chemical compound that helps to stabilize the pH of a system, typically by conversion between ionized and un-ionized forms, thus neutralizing or absorbing any other ions tending to change the pH.")
cnt(W1223,"A chemical compound that influences the interaction between two species in a way that gives an advantage to the organism that produces it.")
cnt(W1224,"A chemical compound to enhance the process in which colloidal suspensions are destabilized and particles start agglomerate.")
cnt(W1225,"A chemical compound used a source of one or more nutrients by a microorganism. Also used to mean a compound acted upon by an enzyme.")
cnt(W1226,"A chemical created and used to eliminate pests; insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are produced to eliminate insects, weeds, and fungi, respectively.")
cnt(W1227,"A chemical element necessary for plant growth in small amounts, usually less than 100 mg/kg in the plant; includes B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn.")
cnt(W1229,"A chemical element needed by plants in amounts usually > 0.2% for good growth. Examples : C, N, O, K, Ca, Mg, S and H.")
cnt(W1230,"A chemical element required for the normal growth and reproduction of plants. ")
cnt(W1231,"a chemical element used in minute amounts by organism and held essential to their physiology (e.g. iron, zinc, iodine). ")
cnt(W1233,"A chemical evaporation control technique involving long chain molecules.")
cnt(W1234,"A chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells; it plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA. There are several classes of RNA molecules, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and other small RNAs, each serving a different purpose.")
cnt(W1235,"a chemical growth-regulating substance that can be or  is produced by a living organism.")
cnt(W1236,"A chemical interaction between sugars and proteins, also referred to as the browning reaction.")
cnt(W1237,"A chemical molecule used by living cells (vegetal and animal) and that does not have to be digested.")
cnt(W1238,"A chemical or bouquet of chemicals released passively from injured tissue. Synonyms in the literature are alarm substance, Schreckstoff, alarm pheromone.")
cnt(W1239,"A chemical or chemicals released passively or actively by disturbed or startled individuals. Disturbance cues do not include any injury or damage-released cues.")
cnt(W1240,"A chemical or enzymatic simple and fast reaction which transforms an original or native chemical structure thus allowing its facilitated analysis. Free fatty acids (FFA) are not easily analyzed as such but their methyl esters (FAME; derivation of the carboxyl group by methanol) render them volatile enough to be analzyed by GLC.")
cnt(W1241,"A chemical or mixture that can cause illness, death, disease, or birth defects. The quantities and exposures necessary to cause these effects can vary widely. Many toxic substances are pollutants and contaminants in the environment.")
cnt(W1242,"A chemical or physical agent that induces permanent transmissible change in the genetic material.")
cnt(W1244,"A chemical or physical process that destroys organisms that cause infectious disease. Chlorine and ozone are often used in disinfection of water.")
cnt(W1245,"A chemical process that takes place in the cellular structures of green plants, blue-green algae, phytoplankton, and certain other organisms, and that transforms received solar energy into chemically stored foodstuffs through the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates with the simultaneous release of oxygen.")
cnt(W1247,"A chemical process whereby soluble components are rendered insoluble.")
cnt(W1248,"A chemical reaction between a substance and water, which can bring about the formation of new substances. A typical example is the hydrolysis when an acid salt is dissolved in water.")
cnt(W1249,"A chemical reaction catalyzed by microorganisms (growing or resting cells) or by isolated enzymes.")
cnt(W1250,"A chemical reaction caused by exposure to oxygen that results in a change in the chemical composition of a mineral.")
cnt(W1251,"a chemical reaction converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.")
cnt(W1252,"a chemical reaction equation, in which molecules involved in a reaction, including enzymes, are represented as letters")
cnt(W1253,"a chemical reaction in chlorine-rich biomass that forms hydrochloric acid or in sulphur-rich feedstocks which react to form sulphuric acid")
cnt(W1256,"A chemical reaction involving either the loss or gain of one or more electrons and the transformation of a reduced species to an oxidized form, or vice versa.")
cnt(W1257,"A chemical reaction proceeding in the presence of sunlight. Photolysis (breakup of solid, liquid, or gaseous bodies under light absorption) is one of the main types of the photochemical reactions.")
cnt(W1258,"A chemical reaction proceeds in both forward and backward directions at the same rate.")
cnt(W1259,"a chemical reaction showing oscillations or chemical wave activity such as spirals and targets.")
cnt(W1260,"a chemical reaction that allow to link a carboxylic acid and an alcohol generating an ester.")
cnt(W1261,"A chemical reaction that removes an atom or functional group from a molecule.")
cnt(W1262,"A chemical reactive molecule with an unpaired electron")
cnt(W1267,"A chemical signal that conveys a message between organisms of the same or different species.")
cnt(W1268,"A chemical species capable of accepting a proton from an acid (Brønsted base) or capable of donating an electron pair to an acid forming a covalent bond (Lewis base). Basicity is a term related with the thermodynamics of a reaction.")
cnt(W1269,"A chemical species capable of donating a proton to a base (Brønsted acid) or capable of accepting an electron pair from a base forming a covalent bond (Lewis acid). Acidity is a term related with the thermodynamics of a reaction.")
cnt(W1270,"A chemical species in stepwise reactions that is formed from the reactants and reacts further to give (either directly or indirectly) the products of a chemical reaction. Note the difference from the transition state. The intermediate is a real chemical species, characterized by a local potential energy minimum, and exists only in stepwise reactions. The transition state is not a real chemical species and corresponds to a local potential energy maximum (the saddle point) connecting reactants and products of an elementary step. Each elementary step has a transition state.")
cnt(W1271,"A chemical species which is added to a reaction mixture in order to allow the reaction to proceed.")
cnt(W1272,"A chemical species which is consumed in the course of a reaction.")
cnt(W1273,"A chemical species which is formed in the course of a reaction.")
cnt(W1274,"A chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to cause the leaves to drop off prematurely.")
cnt(W1275,"A chemical structurally related to the pheromone which results from slight modifications of the pheromone structure and that have a variety of physiological and behavioral effects.")
cnt(W1276,"A chemical substance capable of eliciting an immune response.")
cnt(W1278,"A chemical substance that is related to another substance, such as a derivative of a compound, or one belonging to the same chemical family.")
cnt(W1279,"a chemical term denoting a mole of charge. The concentration of an ion in meq/l = C.z/m, where C = the concentration in mg/l, z = the charge on the ion and m = the molar mass.")
cnt(W1280,"A chemical that draws both sexes of an organism to group or congregate.")
cnt(W1281,"A chemical that elicits a negative displacement of an organism away from it.")
cnt(W1282,"A chemical that elicits a positive displacement of an organism towards it.")
cnt(W1284,"A chemical transformation when one or more chemical species are transformed into one or more different chemical species.")
cnt(W1285,"A chemical transmitter released by nerve endings.")
cnt(W1286,"A chemical used in medical treatments to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. It is mainly used as medicine.")
cnt(W1287,"A chemical used to kill or inhibit the growth of any type of microorganism. It is used as more general term than anti-biotic.")
cnt(W1288,"A chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual.")
cnt(W1289,"A chemically deposited sedimentary rock with alternate laminations rich in iron oxides and quartz, formed by oxidation of dissolved iron in seawater and subsequent precipitation of iron-oxide minerals.")
cnt(W1291,"A chicken raised for meat, typically to about 1.8 to 2 kg in 7 weeks")
cnt(W1292,"A chief of an administrative unit called a Pir, which is comprised of a group of villages.")
cnt(W1293,"a child placed by a court under the care and supervision of a guardian or conservator")
cnt(W1296,"A Chinese classification defining a kind of bituminous coal. It is a medium rank bituminous coal, whose volatile matter is between 26 and 37%, and whose maximum thickness of plastic layer is between 25 and 30mm.")
cnt(W1297,"A Chinese Empire, that lasted from 206 BC to AD 220, during which a vast territory across Central Asia in the west to the Korean Peninsula to the east was brought under its control. ")
cnt(W1298,"a Chinese philosopher who is traditionally regarded as the founder of Taoism")
cnt(W1299,"a Chinese philosopher, like Confucius, who traveled from state to state conversing with the government rulers.")
cnt(W1300,"A Chinese philosopher, moralist, statesman and educationist who founded Confucianism.")
cnt(W1301,"a chitinous bristle (s) protruding from an epidermal pocket in the body wall. Sometimes referred to as setae.")
cnt(W1302,"A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide related to aldrin and dieldrin in structure.")
cnt(W1303,"A chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide that, like others in this group, is extremely poisonous and long lasting in the environment. Its use is banned or restricted in many countries.")
cnt(W1304,"A choice of strategies, one for each player.")
cnt(W1305,"A chondrodystrophy associated with severe endemic selenium deficiency")
cnt(W1306,"A chromosome is a grouping of coiled strands of DNA, containing many genes.")
cnt(W1307,"A chromosome not involved in sex determination. The diploid human genome consists of 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (the X and Y chromosomes).")
cnt(W1308,"a chronic or seasonal lack of sufficient food causing disease and debilitation")
cnt(W1309,"A chronic, nonfatal filarial disease. Transmission is by the bite of an infected female blackfly.")
cnt(W1310,"A ciliated groove on the midventral surface of the pharynx of Chordata. It is homologous to the vertebrate thyroid and its cells can fix iodine. It produces adhesive mucus that traps suspended particles.")
cnt(W1311,"A cipher in which each letter of a message is replaced with another character, but preserves its position within the message.")
cnt(W1312,"A cipher in which the original letters of a plaintext message are rearranged into a different, unintelligible sequence according to a fixed rule.")
cnt(W1313,"A circuit of mid-latitude currents around the periphery of an ocean basin. Most oceanographers recognize five gyres plus the West Wind Drift.")
cnt(W1315,"A circuit that passes through all the edges.")
cnt(W1316,"A circuit that transforms a continuous voltage or current to a discretized version. Typically, a binary valued output.")
cnt(W1317,"A circuit that transforms a discrete (typically binary) valued input signal into a continuous voltage or current.")
cnt(W1318,"A circular and vertical flow of material due to uneven temperature distribution. As materials are heated they become less dense and rise; when cooled, they become heavier and sink.")
cnt(W1319,"A circular device with black and white quadrats, which is suspended in the water for measuring water transparency.")
cnt(W1320,"A circular disk blade with a sharpened circumference for cutting crop residue and cutting and/or loosening the soil. Coulter designs include smooth, notched, rippled, and fluted.")
cnt(W1321,"A circular form of communication in which each participant constructs his own understanding. Checks on understandings between participants occur through re-presentation of individual understandings in a feedback loop. Conversation occurs between participants and is essentially interactive.")
cnt(W1322,"A circular movement of water, like a small whirlpool, usually formed where currents pass obstructions, or between two adjacent currents flowing in opposite directions, or along the edge of a permanent current.")
cnt(W1323,"A circular orifice that can be varied in diameter and made from a number of overlapping elements.")
cnt(W1324,"A circular particle accelerator.")
cnt(W1325,"A circular sealing ring with circular cross section, made of rubber or other flexible material.")
cnt(W1326,"A circular series of cause-and-effect relationships, which may produce or contribute to a characteristic pattern of change over time, such as growth, decay, or fluctuation.")
cnt(W1328,"A circular system transferring certain elements and molecules between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere.")
cnt(W1329,"A circular to oval simple closed depression found in karst terrain, formed by solution, cave collapse, piping, or subsidence.")
cnt(W1330,"A circular water distributional structural positioned at the terminus of a Roman aqueduct or canal permitting the redirection of waters into a series of pipes servicing a town or city.")
cnt(W1331,"A circulation pattern by which deep, cold, usually nutrient-laden water moves toward the surface. Upwelling can be caused by winds blowing parallel to shore or offshore.")
cnt(W1333,"a circumscribed or constrained range of behavior of a system which underlies and ""attracts"" how a system is functioning (technically, a stable pattern in phase or state space).")
cnt(W1334,"A cis-acting DNA sequence that enables certain eukaryotic promoters, and can function in either orientation and in any location (upstream or downstream) relative to the promoter.")
cnt(W1335,"A city creating a self-sufficient, aesthetically pleasing urban environment with minimal pollution and waste generation, and with active participation of every member of society in the protection of bios.")
cnt(W1336,"A city for sustainable development. A sustainable city includes more than ecology; it also comprises a sound economy and the eradication of poverty.")
cnt(W1337,"A city in central Osaka Prefecture that is adjacent to northern Osaka City. A satelite city many of whose citizens commute to Osaka City, Japan’s second largest city after Tokyo. Population is 400,000 (1999).")
cnt(W1338,"A city in southwestern Tokyo. Formerly an agricultural area, it has developed as an industrial city in the past fifty years and now, as a residential city.")
cnt(W1339,"A city in which a disproportionate part of the world's most important business is conducted; a focal point or command center for the organization of the global economy. A common synonym is ""global city.""")
cnt(W1340,"a city of western Saudi Arabia near the coast of the Red Sea. The birthplace of Mohammed, it is the holiest city of Islam and a pilgrimage site for all devout believers of the faith.")
cnt(W1341,"A city situated in southern Nagano Prefecture, in the mountains of central Honshu, Japan’s main island where such important cities as Tokyo and Osaka are located. A consumer city of the outlying agricultural villages. Population is 105,000.")
cnt(W1342,"A city which integrates environmental concerns in all areas of public and private policy-making.")
cnt(W1343,"A city with a population of over 500,000 people designated by an ordinance based on the Local Autonomy Law to have the same authority as the prefectural government in the areas of adiministration and finance")
cnt(W1344,"A city with a population that is over 10 million")
cnt(W1346,"A city-region's sum of goods and services")
cnt(W1347,"A city's climate-stable practice is a practical commitment to lower greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050 to an amount that is proportionally in keeping with the globally sustainable level deemed to be 3.3 tons per person per year in 1990 levels.")
cnt(W1348,"A claim of justice for a certain type of treatment based on some past action that a person has performed.")
cnt(W1349,"a claim that various international public goods are most likely to be supplied when a single country holds an abundance of politically relevant resources and enjoys a large advantage in such resources over its nearest rivals")
cnt(W1350,"A class of (nonlinear) solution concepts based on a fair or equalizing assessment of complaints to be lodged by coalitions against proposals for utility assignments.")
cnt(W1351,"A class of bacteria, including organisms such as Aerobacter aerogenes, E. coli; which are found in animal wastes; and are useful indicators of pollution.")
cnt(W1352,"A class of data that is processed in a format easily understandable by a human such as audio or visual signals.")
cnt(W1353,"A class of decision problems is closed under complements if whenever a problem is in the class, then the complement of that problem is also in the class.")
cnt(W1354,"a class of fat-soluble accessory pigments that includes the carotens and the xanthophylls, found in algae and plants")
cnt(W1355,"a class of fungi (some genera of yeasts occurring in foods belong to this class).")
cnt(W1356,"a class of fungi (some yeast genera occurring in foods belong to this class)")
cnt(W1358,"a class of fungi which includes majority of yeasts occurring in/on foods.")
cnt(W1361,"a class of glucosides particularly abundant in the families Cruciferae, Capparidaceae and Resedaceae.")
cnt(W1362,"A class of hormones involved in cell cycle control.")
cnt(W1363,"A class of hydrolytic enzymes that has cellulose as the most preferred substrate.")
cnt(W1364,"A class of iterative optimization algorithms that ensure convergence of the iterates from arbitrary starting points.")
cnt(W1365,"A class of iterative optimization algorithms that ensure convergence of the iterates from arbitrary starting points.")
cnt(W1366,"a class of natural compounds containing a common skeleton with four condensed cycles, that perform important biological activities.")
cnt(W1367,"a class of natural compounds made by carboxylic acids with a linear chain with an even number of carbon atoms.")
cnt(W1368,"a class of natural compounds that originate biosynthetically by junction of isoprene units, a chemical entity with 5 carbon atoms.")
cnt(W1369,"a class of natural compounds with the common feature to be hydrophobic.")
cnt(W1370,"a class of natural compounds, belonging to the so defined fats, that are made by three units of fatty acid linked to a molecule of glycerine.")
cnt(W1371,"A class of naturally occurring highly toxic compounds, produced by strains of the mold Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.")
cnt(W1372,"A class of nuclear particles which contain neutrons and protons.")
cnt(W1373,"A class of optimal control problems with a linear state equation and a quadratic cost functional")
cnt(W1374,"A class of optimization algorithms for constrained optimization problems.")
cnt(W1375,"A class of optimization algorithms for inequality constrained optimization problems.")
cnt(W1376,"A class of organic molecules, containing an amino group, which combine in to form protein sequences. ")
cnt(W1377,"A class of persons, which owns little or no property. In Marxist theory the proletariat are the exploited class, which will eventually overthrow the capitalists.")
cnt(W1378,"a class of pesticide chemistry that inhibits the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase enzyme by irreversibly phosphorylating the enzymes active site")
cnt(W1379,"A class of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-containing prokaryotes. Also known as blue-green algae")
cnt(W1380,"A class of plants that includes single-celled plants and common seaweeds, some secreting calcium carbonate.")
cnt(W1381,"A class of problems solvable within a specified resource bound by some computation model.")
cnt(W1382,"A class of processed food products that are minimally pasteurised, lack conventional preservatives and are maintained at refrigerated temperatures in an oxygen-free atmosphere.")
cnt(W1383,"A class of resources that are used jointly by a group of people, so that it is difficult to exclude certain users, and so that the resources used by one person or group is not available to others.")
cnt(W1384,"A class of results characterizing Walrasian (competitive) equilibria of large economies as (elements of) game theoretic solutions.")
cnt(W1385,"A class of RNA found in the ribosomes of cells.")
cnt(W1386,"a class of sampling designs in which the population is formed by a pattern of units (points or arbitrarily shaped structures) over the study region and the first-order inclusion probabilities are assigned on the basis of an easy-to-quantify characteristic of the units.")
cnt(W1387,"a class of sampling designs with a population made up of sub-regions with known areas (representing a partition of the study region) and for which the first-order inclusion probabilities are assigned proportionally to the sub-region sizes.")
cnt(W1388,"A class of solution concepts for NTU-games containing only payoff vectors that are immune against admissible alternatives proposed by coalitions as objections.")
cnt(W1389,"A class of statistical techniques that combines methods of rotation, translation, centering and reflection to produce a consensus configuration or a perceptual map of products from individual data.")
cnt(W1390,"A class of steroidal female sex hormones.")
cnt(W1391,"A class of structural and non-structural materials having unique properties made from ultra-fine particles with sizes of the order of 10–9 m.")
cnt(W1393,"A class of synthesized hydrocarbons, which is a petroleum-like liquid fuel, produced from gasified biomass.")
cnt(W1394,"a class of synthetic pesticides derived from Chrysanthemum that block the closing of sodium ion channels")
cnt(W1395,"A class of terpenes isolated from plant sources by distillation.")
cnt(W1396,"A class of vascular plants bearing seeds within enclosing carpellary structures. They are the most advanced and most widely distributed vascular plants, and are also known as ""flowering plants.""")
cnt(W1397,"a class of vertebrates comprising cartilaginous fishes characterized by the absence of true bone: sharks and rays.")
cnt(W1398,"A class of wavelets is characterized by a maximal number of vanishing moments for some given support. With each wavelet type of this class, there is a mother wavelet which generates an orthogonal multiresolution analysis.")
cnt(W1399,"A class of wood adhesive resins based on phenol and formaldehyde, usually used for exterior engineered wood.")
cnt(W1401,"A classic theory in the field of mass communication, which suggests that the content of news media has an influence on what issues the public considers important.")
cnt(W1402,"A classical device for incubating fish eggs.")
cnt(W1403,"A classical risk measure quantifying the risk of an alternative by the mean square deviation of its potential outcomes from its mean outcome.")
cnt(W1404,"A classical risk measure quantifying the risk of an alternative by the square root of the mean square deviation of its potential outcomes from its mean outcome.")
cnt(W1405,"A classical set which includes all elements and sets of a mathematical model.")
cnt(W1406,"A classification created in order to yield information about something other than the entities being classified; for example, a classification of pottery types, which will then be used for the dating of archaeological sites.")
cnt(W1407,"A classification in graded subdivisions.")
cnt(W1410,"A classification method in which cases are grouped together by relative similarity into classes. Samples are therefore clustered into natural groupings")
cnt(W1411,"A classification method in which the classes are defined and characterised at the outset. Samples to be classified are allocated to the class with which they have greatest similarity.")
cnt(W1412,"a classification system that is exclusively based on phenotypic characters.")
cnt(W1413,"A clast produced by a fossil organism.")
cnt(W1414,"A clay film deposited on a soil ped or in a pore after this clay has migrated in the profile; a diagnostic criterion for defining a clay illuviation horizon. ")
cnt(W1415,"A clay in which the effective pressure in the past was greater than the present value, this normally being brought about by removal of some of the clay by erosion.")
cnt(W1416,"A clay material composed primarily of montmorillonite, which is an expansive clay mineral.")
cnt(W1417,"A clay mineral has 3-dimensional structure defined by 3 axes, a, b, and c, or x,y, and z, where the c or z axis defines the vertical extent of the structure. The plane defined by the a,b or x,y axes is called the basal plane of the clay mineral. In platy minerals, the plates stack along their basal planes, similar to a stack of dinner plates. The c or z vertical height of the mineral is defined as the distance from the basal plane of one plate to the basal plane of the plate above (or below) it.")
cnt(W1418,"A clay mineral, which on wetting can expand significantly.")
cnt(W1419,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1420,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1421,"a clay mineral.")
cnt(W1422,"A clean sample or sample of matrix processed so as to measure artifacts in the measurement (sampling and analysis) process.")
cnt(W1423,"A clean, coarse-grained mineral texture.")
cnt(W1424,"A clear, flammable liquid with a pungent odor and bitter taste, produced by distillation of pine resin and used for a wide range of products.")
cnt(W1426,"a cleavage (lysis) of a bond with solvent.")
cnt(W1427,"A cliffed shoreline consisting of relatively nonresistant sediments with high silt and clay content.")
cnt(W1428,"A climate (change) scenario refers to a plausible future climate that has been constructed using sound scientific principles and which makes explicit the various assumptions, which underlie the scenario. Climate change scenarios will often rely on results from climate change simulations, but could also be constructed from past climate. Climate change scenarios will usually be based on emission scenarios and will frequently be used as inputs for climate impact studies or integrated assessments. Climate change scenarios are called scenarios instead of predictions because they do not represent attempts to forecast the actual evolution of climate in the future and they cannot be assigned an a priori likelihood.")
cnt(W1430,"A climate characterized by winter rain and summer drought, occurring in Mediterranean biomes.")
cnt(W1431,"A climate prediction or climate forecast is the result of an attempt to produce a most likely description or estimate of the actual evolution of the climate in the future. See also:Climate projection and Climate scenario.")
cnt(W1432,"A climate projection in IPCC usage is a description of the response of the climate system to scenarios of greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, often based upon simulations by climate models. Such simulations are called projections instead of predictions because they are based on particular assumed emission scenarios, which may or may not be realized")
cnt(W1433,"A climatic phenomenon occurring irregularly, but generally every 3 to 5 years. El Ninos often first become evident during the Christmas season (El Nino means Christ child) in the surface oceans of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The phenomenon involves seasonal changes in the direction of the tropical winds over the Pacific and abnormally warm surface ocean temperatures. This oceanic event is associated with a fluctuation of the intertropical surface pressure pattern and circulation in the Indian and Pacific oceans, called the Southern Oscillation. This coupled atmosphere-ocean phenomenon is collectively known as El Nino-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO. During an El Nino event the prevailing trade winds weaken and the equatorial countercurrent strengthens, causing warm surface waters in the Indonesian area to flow eastward to overlie the cold waters of the Peru current. This event has great impact on the wind, sea surface temperature and precipitation patterns in the tropical Pacific. It has climatic effects throughout the Pacific region and in many other parts of the world. The opposite of an El Nino event is called La Nina.")
cnt(W1434,"A climatically-defined class that is associated with regions of plant communities and with a high uniformity in species composition and environmental adaptation. This category is defined by three weighted climatic indexes, namely, mean annual heat, precipitation, and atmospheric moisture.")
cnt(W1435,"A clinopyroxene-bearing peridotite.")
cnt(W1436,"A clinopyroxene-free peridotite.")
cnt(W1437,"A close grown crop, grown primarily to protect the soil and improve the soil.")
cnt(W1438,"A close, prolonged association between two or more organisms of different species. Symbiosis may (though not necessarily) benefit each organism in the relationship.")
cnt(W1439,"A closed air–tight container in which manure (or other organic material) is fermented anaerobically")
cnt(W1440,"A closed atmospheric circulation having a sense of rotation about the local vertical clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, undefined at the Equator. Because anticyclonic circulation and relative high atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms anticyclone and high are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W1441,"A closed atmospheric circulation having a sense of rotation about the local vertical counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Because cyclonic circulation and relative low atmospheric pressure usually coexist, the terms cyclone and low are used interchangeably.")
cnt(W1442,"A closed conduit a portion of which lies above the hydraulic grade line, resulting in a pressure less than atmospheric and requiring a vacuum within the conduit to start flow.")
cnt(W1443,"A closed conduit flow meter utilizing differential pressure across a flow constriction.")
cnt(W1444,"A closed conduit flowing partly full (i.e., with a free-surface) used for conveying waste water out of an urban complex.")
cnt(W1445,"A closed intensive aquaculture system incorporating biological filters, and other technologies to ameliorate water quality before water is returned to the fish impoundment.")
cnt(W1447,"A closed subset of a Euclidean space whose elements are called controls")
cnt(W1449,"A closed system in which plasma is produced in a gas that is flowed into the system where it can react with materials placed in the system and waste/exhaust products are removed by pumping. Generally, such reactors operate below atmospheric pressure.")
cnt(W1450,"A closed water conveyance structure such as a pipeline or water tunnel.")
cnt(W1452,"a closure plan examines the best means of planning and subsequently managing the environmental changes and socioeconomic effects that occur when mining ceases.")
cnt(W1453,"A cloud characterized by organized fluid motion, usually upward away from the heat source in the central portion and downward at the outer edges. This term is generally interchangeable with cumulus clouds.")
cnt(W1454,"A cloud type that is dense and vertically developed and is associated with rain.")
cnt(W1455,"A clustered spatial point process in which the points are distributed in two stages. In the first stage, the parents are distributed in the region and, in the second stage, the daughters are distributed around their parents.")
cnt(W1456,"A CME directed toward or away from an observer using a coronagraph.")
cnt(W1457,"A coal getting machine provided with a rotating drum with cutting tools and a loading ramp-plate.")
cnt(W1458,"A coalition can improve upon an allocation if the members, by redistributing their initial endowments, can get consumption bundles they prefer.")
cnt(W1459,"A coalition of NGOs and/or individual people, at the minimum sharing information and at the maximum devising a common political strategy. Use of the term implies the relationships are loose and informal.")
cnt(W1460,"A coalition of NGOs operating in different fields, in a more formal structured arrangement than a network.")
cnt(W1461,"A coarse grained material used to separate a well screen from the surrounding formation to improve flow while reducing the amount of fine sediment that can enter the well.")
cnt(W1462,"A coarse-grained clastic rock composed of angular broken rock fragments (>2mm) held together by mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix (e.g., a fault breccia or volcanic breccia).")
cnt(W1464,"A coarse-grained igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, K-feldspar, sodium-rich feldspar and some dark minerals such as mica, amphibole, tourmaline.")
cnt(W1465,"A coarse-grained igneous rock, chemically equivalent to a basalt. See oceanic crust.")
cnt(W1466,"A coarse-grained regional metamorphic rock that shows banding and parallel alignment of minerals.")
cnt(W1467,"A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded clasts larger than 2 millimetres in the narrower diameter, usually included in a matrix of sand, silt, or any of the natural cementing materials")
cnt(W1468,"A coarse-grained, igneous rock, largely consisting of olivine, with or without pyroxene. The mantle is thought to be made of peridotite.")
cnt(W1469,"A coast that coincides with the middle of a tectonic plate. A type of passive margin (e.g. the east coasts of North and South America).")
cnt(W1471,"A coastal embayment that is partially open to the sea but lacks freshwater dilution from rivers and/or land drainage.")
cnt(W1472,"A coating applied to glazing to allow the transmission of selected wavelengths of solar radiation. Typically, visible light is transmitted, while ultraviolet and infrared radiation is reflected.")
cnt(W1473,"A codon that, in the presence of a unique insertion sequence downstream, signals the incorporation of selenium into selenocysteine during selenoprotein synthesis.")
cnt(W1474,"A coefficient (dimensionless) that describes the square of the ratio between the increment of length in any direction in a porous medium domain and the actual length of the path traveled by solute particles along the tortuous microscopic streamlines inside the void space. In an anisotropic porous medium, it is a second rank tensor.")
cnt(W1477,"A coefficient characterizing water filtration resistance in under-bed sedimentation, and depending on the water-bearing rocks filtration properties and thickness. ")
cnt(W1478,"a coefficient defined as the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of a fluid to its density.")
cnt(W1480,"A coefficient of proportionality (K) describing the rate at which water can migrate through a permeable medium.")
cnt(W1483,"A coefficient of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation")
cnt(W1486,"A coefficient that under the assumption of essentially horizontal flow in a confined aquifer describes the ability of the aquifer to transmit water through its entire thickness. It is obtained as a product of the aquifer's hydraulic conductivity and its thickness.")
cnt(W1487,"a co-existence of correct and incorrect linguistic forms in learner interlanguage.")
cnt(W1488,"A coffee from which caffeine has been removed by extraction.")
cnt(W1489,"A cogeneration plant producing the useful heat (a major product) and the electricity (a by-product).")
cnt(W1490,"a cognitive operation in which a standard of comparison and a target which deviated from the standard are related")
cnt(W1491,"a cognitive pattern, a kind of elementary mental picture")
cnt(W1493,"a cognitive tool for the conceptualization of abstract categories")
cnt(W1494,"a coherent filed of conceptualization relative to the characterization of a semantic structure")
cnt(W1495,"A coherent perception of how the world functions and how people act. In this study, we use four of the five perspectives described in the cultural theory: hierarchical, egalitarian, individualist, and fatalist.")
cnt(W1496,"a coherent set of bioindicators, each related to one particular aspect of the environment and jointly maximizing the amount of information.")
cnt(W1497,"A coherent system of metaphors that joins cognition and action. Theory is a semantic complex model of the experience of the world. As such it can be defined as a machine (product/producer).")
cnt(W1498,"A coil of wire that is often wound on magnetic material")
cnt(W1499,"A coil of wire usually wound on a soft iron or steel core. When current is passed through the coil a magnetic field is generated. The core provides an easy path for the magnetic lines of force. This concentrates the field in the core.")
cnt(W1500,"A coking process in which the thermal reactions are allowed to proceed to completion to produce gaseous, liquid, and solid (coke) products.")
cnt(W1503,"A cold period that lasted from about A.D. 1550 to about A.D. 1850 in Europe, North America, and Asia. This period was marked by rapid expansion of mountain glaciers, especially in the Alps, Norway, Ireland, and Alaska. There were three maxima, beginning about 1650, about 1770, and 1850, each sCDIAC-4.3.rated by slight warming intervals. [27, 28]")
cnt(W1504,"A cold rolling operation in which the surface layers of the material are lightly deformed.")
cnt(W1505,"A cold-blooded animal living in water and breathing through gills, with fins and a tail.")
cnt(W1506,"a collaboration-software tool that offers those features for asynchronous collaboration such as discussion databases or bulletin boards as well as those for synchronous (real-time) collaboration such as web conferencing tools")
cnt(W1507,"A collaborative approach to inquiry conducted by, for and with the participation of community members.")
cnt(W1508,"A collection of activities designed to assure the prosperity of an organization through development, growth, and stabilization of corporate revenue.")
cnt(W1509,"a collection of agents, interconnections, and flows where aggregate system behavior is determined from the complex, local interactions of agents")
cnt(W1510,"A collection of calibrated reflectance spectra, together with their associated documentation and metadata. Spectra should be traceable to a recognised national standard to be of value.")
cnt(W1511,"A collection of clones made from a set of randomly generated overlapping DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism. Compare library, arrayed library.")
cnt(W1512,"A collection of coalitions is balanced if there are positive weights associated with these coalitions such that these weights sum to one per player. An NTU-game is balanced if for each balanced collection the intersection of the corresponding feasible sets is a subset of the feasible set for the grand coalition. A balanced game has a nonempty core. For TU-games, also the converse holds: every game with a nonempty core is balanced.")
cnt(W1513,"A collection of data organized in a particular way.")
cnt(W1515,"A collection of emission sources that are required to meet a single overall emission limit, rather than having separate limits for each source.")
cnt(W1516,"A collection of executive or supervisory programmes that are used for the solution of frequently recurrent problems which can be solved with standard methods and are also used to control and run other methodological programmes.")
cnt(W1518,"A collection of facts, relationships, and propositions about a portion of the Universe.")
cnt(W1520,"a collection of fuzzy points describing a functional relationship - in contrast to a crisp functional relation, which can be described through a graph or an infinite collection of crisp points.")
cnt(W1521,"A collection of generalized linear regression techniques that are used for spatial prediction.")
cnt(W1523,"A collection of internationally adopted food standards.")
cnt(W1526,"A collection of moral rules.")
cnt(W1527,"a collection of neutrons and protons that forms the core of an atom.")
cnt(W1529,"A collection of norms that is associated with a particular position within the group. The norms may be unique to the position, or they may include behaviors that others also perform.")
cnt(W1530,"A collection of objects and operations to be performed on these objects.")
cnt(W1532,"A collection of objects, based on some common attribute of its components, or on some peculiar relationship between them. Notice that there may be more characteristic attributes and multiple characteristic relationships.")
cnt(W1535,"A collection of orderly interconnected devices/components whose goal is that of operating on an input supplied under the form of thermal energy. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W1537,"A collection of parts with changing interactions that form an integrated and consistent whole, isolatable from its surroundings.")
cnt(W1538,"a collection of people who, on the basis of linguistic, cultural or ethnic homogeneity, perceive themselves to share a common identity and thus be members of the same socio-political group")
cnt(W1540,"A collection of processes through which chemical elements of living systems circulate in the biosphere.")
cnt(W1541,"A collection of production units with common characteristics.")
cnt(W1542,"A collection of production units with common characteristics.")
cnt(W1543,"A collection of programs that enables the user to enter, organize, and select data in a database.")
cnt(W1544,"A collection of random variables indexed by time.")
cnt(W1545,"A collection of securities.")
cnt(W1546,"A collection of semantic network nodes and links. A frame is an object denoted by its name, endowed with some slots, each slot having more facets: slots and facets may store values, attributes, or relations.")
cnt(W1548,"A collection of social institutions that regulate the exchange of goods and services, usually with money as a medium of exchange.")
cnt(W1549,"A collection of structures over the same vocabulary such that if a structure is in the collection, then so are all structures isomorphic to it.")
cnt(W1550,"A collection of technologies and an international ""network of networks,"" each invented and developed by engineers for their own work and to serve specific purposes. It is composed of a number of different ways of organizing, transmitting, and accessing data.")
cnt(W1551,"a collection of variables, called “state variables”, whose values characterize the position (the “state”) of a system at a given time, together with a set of rules governing their evolution in time. The space where those variables evolve in time is called “state space”")
cnt(W1552,"a collection of very small particles suspended in the air")
cnt(W1554,"A collective description that includes the subject of chemistry, the practitioners of chemistry, and the chemical industry.")
cnt(W1555,"A collective name for land-use systems and practices in which woody perennials (trees, shrubs, etc.) are grown in association with herbaceous plants (crops, pastures) and/or livestock in a spatial arrangement, a rotation, or both, and in which there are both ecological and economic interactions between the tree and non-tree components of the system.")
cnt(W1558,"A collective term for all efforts to construct a rational and consistent set of statements guiding human practices that are more considerate of non-human life.")
cnt(W1561,"A collective term for oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and tar.")
cnt(W1562,"A collective term for states and, in some instances, other international actors, such as international organizations.")
cnt(W1564,"A collective term for the processes operating in an ecosystem. ")
cnt(W1565,"A collective term for the structures formed in the earliest stages of a developing echinoderm larva. The rudiment becomes more strongly expressed as the hydrocoel interacts with the left somatocoel to develop a miniature version of the adult body form on the left side of the larva.")
cnt(W1566,"A collective term that includes a wide range of interventions aimed at reducing the population density of invasive species. It is characterized by the use of biotic agents that are the natural enemies of the invader.")
cnt(W1567,"A collective term used to describe all peat-forming ecosystems. Other terms that are commonly used are: swamp, marsh, bog, or wetland.")
cnt(W1568,"A collective term used to signify presence of beds, or layers, in sedimentary rocks and deposits.")
cnt(W1569,"A collective-action problem in which the actions of rational individuals lead to the depletion of living resources or the pollution of ecosystems.")
cnt(W1571,"A collectivity of individuals or human groups that share one or more signifying orders.")
cnt(W1573,"A colloidal system in which the dispersed phase is composed of either solid or liquid particles, and in which the dispersion medium is some gas, usually air. Haze, most smokes, and some fogs, dusty and water-vapor clouds are regarded to the aerosols in the atmosphere.")
cnt(W1574,"A color image where parts of the nonvisible EM spectrum are expressed as one or more of the red, green, and blue components, so that the colors produced by Earth's surface do not correspond to normal visual experience (false-color composite). The most commonly seen false-color images display the very-near infrared as red, red as green, and green as blue.")
cnt(W1575,"A color image, prepared by combining three individual images in blue, green, and red.")
cnt(W1576,"a colorless, practically odorless and tasteless gas, responsible for numerous fatalities, following its emanation from stoves or other combustors as a product of incomplete combustion.")
cnt(W1577,"A column of hot magma that originates deep within the Earths mantle and rises to the surface.")
cnt(W1578,"A column of mineral left to support the overlying strata or hanging wall in an underground mine.")
cnt(W1579,"A column of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete that is driven into the ground, or of reinforced concrete formed within the ground, that is used as the foundation for a structure.")
cnt(W1581,"A column-type of reactor with no mechanical agitation in which liquid circulation is obtained by bubbling air or gas through the bottom of an internal draft tube.")
cnt(W1582,"A combination (by addition) of various stocks of discipline or profession-based knowledge, concepts, methods, and tools, oriented towards a theme or problem.")
cnt(W1583,"a combination fuel with 20% methanol and 80% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1584,"a combination fuel with 5% methanol and 95% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1585,"a combination fuel with 50% methanol and 50% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1586,"a combination fuel with 85% methanol and 15% gasoline by volume ratio.")
cnt(W1587,"A combination of a price vector and each player’s commodity bundle satisfying the following properties: (1) players maximize their utility under their budget constraints, (2) for each commodity, total demand and total supply are equal.")
cnt(W1588,"A combination of a slip plane and a slip direction.")
cnt(W1589,"a combination of a vehicle, guideway or facility, and an operations plan, that together define the characteristics of the travel conveyance.")
cnt(W1590,"A combination of DNA molecules of different origin that are joined using recombinant DNA technologies.")
cnt(W1591,"A combination of electronics with information processing based on light signals: for example, the use of optical fibers to carry signals in long-distance telecommunications.")
cnt(W1592,"A combination of evaporation from the ground (""The thirst of the atmosphere"") and transpiration through the leaves of plants. The former can be minimized by agricultural technique (e.g. drip irrigation). The latter is both a largely unavoidable loss of water, and a productive loss, since it is associated with plant production.")
cnt(W1593,"a combination of methodological approaches providing estimation of evaporation from land surface on the basis of data on radiation balance and soil moisture content.")
cnt(W1594,"A combination of perennial trees with annual food crops and/or animal keeping. There are many variants depending on local nutritive needs, available manpower and erosion risk of the land.")
cnt(W1595,"a combination of rough items producing a micro-relief of the surface. Numerically, it is expressed as a roughness coefficient characterizing the surface resistance to the air flux.")
cnt(W1596,"A combination of several chemical equations at about 100 K results in water splitting without consuming the chemical substances.")
cnt(W1597,"A combination of special and general constraints of CIOMTOF and its dual model.")
cnt(W1598,"A combination of transport policy actions to reduce traffic in an area.")
cnt(W1599,"A combination of transport policy actions to reducing travel demand.")
cnt(W1600,"A combination of water derived from direct rainfall into the stream, surface flow and subsurface flow. Contributes to the flood response of the stream.")
cnt(W1601,"A combined power cycle employing a gasifier to produce fuel gas for a gas turbine, with turbine waste heat used to generate steam for a steam turbine. Both the gas and steam turbines are connected to generators to produce electricity.")
cnt(W1603,"A combustible material derived from bituminous coal that has the ability to swell (agglomerate) when heated. Coke is gray, hard, and porous and can be used as a fuel. However, it most commonly is used in the steel industry for the reduction of iron ore to wrought iron in blast furnaces.")
cnt(W1604,"A combustible rock that contains more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of carbonaceous material, including inherent moisture. Coal forms from compaction of altered plant remains that originally formed peat. Differences in the kinds of plant materials (type), in degree of metamorphism (rank), and the range of impurity (grade), are characteristics of coal and are used in classification.")
cnt(W1605,"A combustion energy source, in which energy is stored in the chemical bonds of carbon. Carbon dioxide and water are released as the ideal products of combustion, with other (pollutant) products released, commonly as product of incomplete combustion, or of side reactions (e.g.nitrogen reacting with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, in the presence of the heat released.)")
cnt(W1606,"a combustion or oxidation reaction, possibly uncontrolled, triggered by self-accelerating effects, e.g. liberation of heat in excess of what can be dissipated to the surroundings (thermal explosion). Another explanation is in the occurrence of chain-branching reactions that steadily multiply the number of reactive free radicals and hence the rate of reaction (chemical explosion).")
cnt(W1607,"A combustion technology in which the fuel to be burned is suspended within a fluidized mixture of granular particles. The mixture is fluidized by an upward flow of air.")
cnt(W1608,"a comedy by Aristophanes staged in 411BC")
cnt(W1609,"A commercial equipment for pyrolysis of oil shale or coal for obtaining shale oil or coal tar; different types of retorts have been developed, some retorts are equipped with combustion zone for burning the retorted shale for supplying thermal energy for retorting.")
cnt(W1610,"A commercial process for pyrolysis of oil shale or coal with the temperature about 500 °C in absence of air or oxygen, for producing shale oil or coal tar.")
cnt(W1611,"A commercial slow Se release product from New Zealand.")
cnt(W1612,"A commercially available semi-permeable bung for a culture vessel.")
cnt(W1613,"A commitment among contracting parties in GATT to allow imports either at 3 percent of consumption in a base period (minimum access volume) or at current levels when it is higher than the former.")
cnt(W1614,"A committee of the FAO/WHO responsible for making proposals on all matters pertaining to the implementation of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Program.")
cnt(W1615,"A commodity (normally money) the units of which can be used to express prices wages etc.")
cnt(W1616,"A commodity for which consumption is nonrivalrous.")
cnt(W1620,"A common acronym referring to the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, and xylene.")
cnt(W1621,"A common cavity for the release of waste products.")
cnt(W1622,"a common economic base obtained by money flow modeling or economic optimization modeling.")
cnt(W1623,"A common inflammatory condition of the udder of cows. In clinical mastitis, blood is present, or the milk is watery or discolored, and such ""milk"" should obviously not be mixed with other milk and is always rejected by the buyer.")
cnt(W1624,"a common law system used in the western U.S. that allocates water resources according to the priority of beneficial diversion and use, prevents junior appropriators from impairing the use of senior appropriators in either quality or quantity, and prevents even senior users from unreasonably polluting waters.")
cnt(W1625,"A common low-relief feature of the ocean floor, usually formed seaward of abyssal plains and in basins isolated by ridges, rises, or trenches.")
cnt(W1626,"a common measure of average income in a nation, calculated by dividing the total value of goods and services produced in a nation by the total population size.")
cnt(W1627,"A common method for controlling land use, whereby defined land areas are restricted to compatible uses.")
cnt(W1628,"A common model for estimating the transmission probability that is based on the assumption that exposure to infection occurs in discrete contacts and that each contact is independent of another.")
cnt(W1629,"a common name for any large member the Order Laminariales, the ‘brown algae’.")
cnt(W1630,"A common name of basaltic rocks forming large covers on platforms often in the form of steps.")
cnt(W1632,"a common name of red pigments of meat and blood")
cnt(W1633,"a common name of starch-degrading enzymes")
cnt(W1634,"A common pathway or a set of wires to connect various subsystems in a computer system")
cnt(W1635,"A common prefix used with SI units to denote one millionth of a unit.")
cnt(W1636,"A common prefix used with SI units to denote one thousandth of a unit.")
cnt(W1637,"A common problem with most insurance policies whereby insured persons indulge in risky behaviors simply because they are not liable for the consequences of their behaviors.")
cnt(W1638,"A common soil bacterium noted for its branching, fungus-like growth habit and its ability to produce spores externally on certain cells.")
cnt(W1639,"A common surfactant used in consumer products.")
cnt(W1640,"a common term for general wastes collected in a city.")
cnt(W1642,"A common terminology to describe either or both processes of stabilization/solidification.")
cnt(W1644,"A common workhorse for industry. There are normally three phase-windings in industrial-type induction motors. When balanced three-phase voltages are fed into the appropriate windings, a rotating magnetic field is set up. The rotor is then dragged along to rotate in the same direction as that of the rotating field.")
cnt(W1645,"A commonly curved belt of volcanic islands (with orogenic volcanism) overlying a subduction zone.")
cnt(W1646,"A commonly used measure of mass in Islamic societies, roughly equivalent to about 37 kilograms.")
cnt(W1647,"A commonly used percussion rock drill that strikes the upper end of a drilling rod (cf. DTH).")
cnt(W1648,"A commonly used way of supplying grazing animals with minerals")
cnt(W1649,"A commonly used word derived from the acronym for radio detection and ranging. A system that transmits short pulses of microwave radiation and then receives and measures the return of that radiation from a target in terms of time taken for the radiation to return and its intensity.")
cnt(W1650,"A communication network of networks, composed of thousands of local and regional computer networks around the world.")
cnt(W1651,"A communication system, which allows reliable, secret information exchange between unknown people")
cnt(W1655,"a community of interacting plants, animals and micro-organisms under the effects of environmental abiotic and biotic factors and processes. The factors are both natural and anthropogenic.")
cnt(W1656,"A community of interest advocating reform in the design and production of houses to include health considerations. This encompasses broadly defined interests in aesthetically and spiritually uplifting environments, and alternative cultural traditions such as feng shui, as well as the specific concerns of the MCS community.")
cnt(W1657,"A community of Jain laymen engaged in trade who lived in Singhbhum before the Ho migrated into the area.")
cnt(W1660,"a community of organisms connected through several interrelated food chains.")
cnt(W1661,"A community of organisms ensuring the evolution of biological species in the environment.")
cnt(W1662,"A community or network of interacting companies and other organizations that exchange and employ by-products and/or energy in a way that gives one or more advantages over more traditional unlinked operations, together with an increase in the overall efficiency of the production cycle.")
cnt(W1664,"A community or patch of trees sufficiently uniform in species composition, constitution, age, spatial arrangement, or condition so as to be distinguishable from adjacent communities and to form a silvicultural or management entity.")
cnt(W1665,"A community that can return to its original state after a disturbance or resist such disturbance. Stability includes the property of resilience (the time taken to return to its former state after it has been displaced from that state by a perturbation) and resistance (the ability to avoid displacement in the first place).")
cnt(W1666,"A community that is a concentration of migrants.")
cnt(W1667,"A community that strives toward sustainable pathways for evolutionary development in synergistic interaction with its milieu, through individual and collective processes of empowerment and evolutionary learning. ELCs do not adapt their environment to their needs, nor do they simply adapt to their environment. Rather, they adapt with their environment in a dynamic of mutually sustaining evolutionary co-creation.")
cnt(W1668,"A community’s attitudes towards the quality, style, and vigor of its political process and government operations.")
cnt(W1669,"A community’s primary center of commerce, with a cohesive core of traditional commercial buildings.")
cnt(W1670,"A community-wide water allocation system based on fixed-time releases, and open to immediate elite control through the sale of water.")
cnt(W1671,"A community-wide water allocation system emphasizing a quantity of water proportional to the amount of land under cultivation.")
cnt(W1672,"A compact graphical representation of a decision problem consisting of a directed acyclic graph that only displays chance and decision variables and utility function nodes.")
cnt(W1673,"A compact manufactured to the final density and dimensions without the need for machining.")
cnt(W1675,"A compact, dense material which is formed under action of deformation, refreezing, and recrystallization of snow.")
cnt(W1677,"A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash and dust.")
cnt(W1678,"A compaction of the soil surface which results from soil structure deterioration due to the impact of raindrops or the wetting of soil clods at irrigation, followed by a rapid drying of the surface layer")
cnt(W1679,"A company that performs value-added activities, such as manufacturing, research and development, marketing, and servicing, in more than one country.")
cnt(W1680,"A company that provides telecommunications links between two or more individuals, permitting them to exchange voice, pictures, or information on non-discriminatory rates, terms, and conditions to anyone who requests the use of the service.")
cnt(W1681,"A company that transmits information, news, and entertainment for reception on a radio or television.")
cnt(W1682,"A company's systematic job evaluation process, by which it determines a score for each job that is convertible to a monetary value. The basic approach of this process consists of analyzing and describing a given position, independently of the people who fill it. It tends to result in a system not as valid as it is coherent for considering jobs relative to aims that are not exclusively monetary.")
cnt(W1683,"A comparatively narrow, but long, crustal-scale fault zone dominated by strike-slip movement of the adjacent, less deformed blocks.")
cnt(W1684,"A comparison between two features based on identity. Note that a homology requires that the features share structure and function.")
cnt(W1685,"A comparison between two features based upon similarity. Note that an analogy requires that the feature have a similar function.")
cnt(W1686,"a comparison of diversity between ecosystems, usually measured as the amount of species change between the ecosystems.")
cnt(W1687,"A comparison of the present value of the costs and benefits of an investment.")
cnt(W1688,"A complementary view to environmental possibilism where it is considered that, for a given society, one possibility among others is most likely or probable.")
cnt(W1689,"a complete description of the environment as it exists in an area where a particular proposed action is begin considered, followed by an attempt to evaluate the consequences of the proposed action on the biosphere.")
cnt(W1690,"A complete orogenic cycle from continental rifting through to continental collision, named after one of the visionaries of plate tectonics, J. Tuzo Wilson.")
cnt(W1692,"A complete renewal of the shell in crustaceans.")
cnt(W1693,"A completely identified series of mechanical, chemical and thermal transformations that modify the thermodynamic state of some well-specified form and quantity of matter, possibly releasing or absorbing some energy flux in the course of the transformation. A combined-cycle power plant constitutes, in the sense described here, a process; but it may also be regarded as a system. Any organized human structure (an industrial complex, a city, a highway, an information network) constitutes an (engineering) system, but it cannot be regarded as a process.")
cnt(W1694,"A complex attribute of land related to its behavior in time, e.g. moisture supply over a growing season.")
cnt(W1699,"A complex contested term, usually referring to all people, their activities and their relationships that are not part of the process of government. It may also be used to cover all processes other than government and economic activity.")
cnt(W1700,"a complex economic, political, and social process characterized especially by the emergence of a global division of labor and the rise of transnational organizations")
cnt(W1701,"A complex front forming through closing up of cold and warm fronts during the occlusion of a cyclone.")
cnt(W1702,"A complex group of sensations compromising olfactory, taste and other chemical sensations, such as irritation or chemical heat.")
cnt(W1703,"A complex involving ambiguity, awareness, a focal point, and language available to human beings only.")
cnt(W1705,"A complex material, such as wood or fiberglass, in which two or more distinct, structurally complimentary substances, especially metals, ceramics, and glasses, and polymers combine to produce structural or functional properties not present in any individual component.")
cnt(W1706,"A complex mixture of high molecular weight organic compounds precipitated from oils by natural processes or in the laboratory by addition of n-pentane or similar hydrocarbon solvent.")
cnt(W1707,"A complex mixture of organic acids produced mostly by the decomposition of plant material, especially lignin. Humic acid is dark brown and is a major constituent of humus. Humic acid is soluble in water only at pH values greater than 2.")
cnt(W1708,"A complex mixture of organic compounds called terpines, harvested from the boles and stems of some trees. Resins are typically thick, viscous liquids in trees but become solids or semi-solids after exposure to air. They are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents.")
cnt(W1709,"A complex molecule formed by the chemical linkage of a large number of individual units (monomer).")
cnt(W1712,"a complex of actions for improvement of conditions of the natural environment with the help of cultivation and maintenance of natural vegetative communities")
cnt(W1713,"A complex of economic conditions, social conditions and attitudes (culture, traditions, etc.) as well as conditions of nature, constituting specific features of human behavior (including social, psychological and physiological activities) and its reciprocal influence on all these conditions.")
cnt(W1714,"a complex of events, the consequences of which lead to creating dangerous situations that threaten the lives, health and property of people, normal functioning of life support systems, and maintenance of ecological balance.")
cnt(W1715,"a complex of international standards in environmental management.")
cnt(W1716,"a complex of international standards in product quality management.")
cnt(W1717,"A complex of measures aimed at protection of natural resources and land, and at optimization of use of fertilizers and protective technologies in agriculture, and minimizing the adverse effects of agriculture on soil, water, wildlife, and humanity.")
cnt(W1718,"A complex of Mesoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic and igneous rocks extending from northeast Labrador through southern Ontario into the Adirondack Mountains of New York with additional fragments in the southeastern United States, the Llano uplift in Texas and outcrops in west Texas and Mexico.")
cnt(W1719,"A complex of nature preserving upbringing, enlightenment, training, the influence of mass media in creating an environmental way of thinking, understanding the correlation between people and nature as well as the importance of natural systems in social, economic, and cultural development and well-being of each person. It serves as a basis for the rational employment of nature.")
cnt(W1720,"A complex of protein(s) and RNA(s).")
cnt(W1723,"A complex of representations joined together by the affective tone of somatic sensations. The ego is, at the same time, a content and a condition of consciousness; it possesses a high degree of identity and continuity.")
cnt(W1724,"A complex of small meteoroids following the same general orbit as the comet (or, perhaps, asteroid) that spawned them.")
cnt(W1725,"A complex of socially produced and reproduced rules that provides a systematic basis for actors to orient to one another and to organize, understand, and account for their actions or interactions.")
cnt(W1726,"A complex of various actions of the human society, resulting in an increased level of harmful substances and appearance of new compounds in the marine environment as well as in the excessive increase of temperature, noise, radiation, etc.")
cnt(W1728,"A complex polysaccharide carbohydrate. The form of food most commonly stored by plants.")
cnt(W1730,"a complex polysaccharide, a component of the cell walls of brown algae.")
cnt(W1731,"A complex process of meaning making, inseparable from culture, which is sustained and challenged by global and local economic, political and ideological structures and processes.")
cnt(W1732,"A complex process that encompasses every structural, magmatic, and metamorphic processes produced when two converging plates containing continental crust are compressed, and ultimately welded together, into a single continental block.")
cnt(W1733,"A complex process that encompasses structural, magmatic, and metamorphic processes involved in the formation of a high topography region. Modern usage tends to limit the concept to one convergent mountain building episode.")
cnt(W1734,"a complex process, in which the world as it is in reality is changed into a world for human beings")
cnt(W1735,"A complex range of sense and reference, resting upon the texture of relations between broader human development and a particular way of life in a social and educational, or artistic sense.")
cnt(W1736,"A complex sequence of events that result in the production of a variety of products from petroleum.")
cnt(W1739,"a complex system considered from the point of view of the whole rather than of any single part; the system or complex of beliefs held by members of a social group; the relationship between the constituent groups of a society or culture that support a particular cultural or world view,")
cnt(W1742,"A complex system that is an agent in a system at a higher level of aggregation. In human systems metaagents themselves have internal models.")
cnt(W1743,"A complex web of factors such as land use, water and air quality, housing conditions, transportation networks, open and green spaces, waste removal, and industrial production that condition the quality of life in cities.")
cnt(W1744,"a complex, nonlinear, interactive system which has the ability to adapt to a changing environment.")
cnt(W1745,"A complexing group in coordination with a metal anion or cation.")
cnt(W1746,"A complexity measure defined based on machine’s runnig time.")
cnt(W1747,"A complexity measure defined based on machine’s working memory space used for its computation.")
cnt(W1748,"A complicated operation involving a number of different operations, including the selection of an acceptable fruiting culture of the mushroom species, preparation of spawn and compost/substrate, inoculation of the compost, crop care, harvesting, preservation of the harvested mushrooms, and marketing.")
cnt(W1749,"a component added to combined cycle electricity facilities for recovering waste heat to fuel steam turbines for extra electrical production")
cnt(W1750,"a component added to increase system efficiency by using otherwise wasted heat to further dry incoming biomass feedstocks or to preheat air injected into combustion chamber")
cnt(W1751,"A component of a KBS; this part carries out reasoning with the stored knowledge")
cnt(W1752,"A component of a KBS; this part is where the program's user supplies information and sees the results of reasoning")
cnt(W1753,"A component of a KBS; this part stores the knowledge")
cnt(W1754,"A component of an IMPS designed to assist model formulation.")
cnt(W1755,"a component of protein synthesis machinery composed of RNAs and proteins; it provides structural support for mRNA.")
cnt(W1756,"A component of quality, which reflects the amino acid content in relation to nutritional requirements.")
cnt(W1757,"A component of quality, which reflects the efficiency of digestion of the protein")
cnt(W1758,"A component of SPE electrolysis. The electrodes are directly formed on the membrane by chemical plating or hot press to make the composite.")
cnt(W1759,"A component of starch consisting of a chain polymer of linked D-glucopyranosyl structures. Thermoplastic starch polymers consist largely of amylose.")
cnt(W1760,"A component of the error of measurement that, in the course of a number of measurements of the same measurand, remains constant or varies in a predictable way.")
cnt(W1761,"A component of the error of measurement that, in the course of a number of measurements of the same measurand, varies in an unpredictable way.")
cnt(W1762,"A component of the wave power device that interacts with the wave.")
cnt(W1763,"A component of the weather forecasting system whose purpose is to convert row observations into reliable and coordinated sets of meteorological variables necessary to initialize hydrodynamic forecast models.")
cnt(W1764,"A component within a landscape that differs in appearance or structure from its surroundings, the matrix of the landscape.")
cnt(W1765,"a composite consisting of a carbon matrix reinforced with carbon fibers.")
cnt(W1766,"A composite index reflecting longevity, educational attainment, and standard of living")
cnt(W1767,"A composite index reflecting the relative economic and political participation of women")
cnt(W1769,"a composite measure of transit system operating characteristics, mostly quantitative, such as service frequency, speed, reliability, safety, capacity and productivity.")
cnt(W1770,"a composite particle consisting of two to millions of fine sediment grains, resulting from aggregation.")
cnt(W1771,"A composite rock composed of igneous or igneous-looking and metamorphic materials, which are generally distinguishable macroscopically.")
cnt(W1773,"A composite signal consisting of a group of subcarriers arranged so that their frequencies do not overlap or interfere with each other.")
cnt(W1774,"A composite volcano that emits both molten and solid material and builds up a distinctive cone.")
cnt(W1775,"A composition range between the lean and rich concentrations of a fuel in a flammable mixture in which a detonation can occur.")
cnt(W1779,"A composition range between the lean and rich concentrations of a fuel in a flammable mixture in which propagation of flames is sustainable.")
cnt(W1783,"A compositional endmember in the mantle that is the inferred source of MORBs, and is depleted relative to BSE because of crust extraction.")
cnt(W1785,"A compound added to a sample in known concentration to facilitate the quantitative determination of the sample components.")
cnt(W1786,"a compound bone equivalent to the fused bones of the second to fourth digit in the bird wing, to which the bases of the primary flight feathers are anchored.")
cnt(W1787,"A compound capable of giving up a part (as an atom, radical, or elementary particle) for combination with an acceptor; an impurity that is added to a semiconductor to increase the number of mobile electrons.")
cnt(W1788,"a compound causing fouling.")
cnt(W1789,"a compound containing more than one carbon atom and hydrogen atom.")
cnt(W1790,"A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon with one or more double bonds, but not aromatic. Alkenes do not normally occur in crude oils, but are common in pyrolysis products.")
cnt(W1791,"A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, but having no double bonds. It may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic.")
cnt(W1792,"A compound containing two atoms of hydrogen.")
cnt(W1793,"A compound foreign to biological systems that usually refers to human-made compounds often resistant against biodegradation.")
cnt(W1794,"A compound formed by the donation of electron pairs from the donor (a Lewis base) to an acceptor (a Lewis acid); the latter being more frequently a metal with empty valence orbitals. This concept was introduced by N.V. Sidgwick in 1927.")
cnt(W1796,"a compound made up of a 1:1 d, l mixture.")
cnt(W1798,"A compound nucleus is a nucleus formed by target and projectile with an excitation energy statistically distributed over many degrees of freedom or narrow lying states.")
cnt(W1799,"a compound of carbon and a halogen, sometimes with hydrogen.")
cnt(W1800,"A compound of environmental concern is degraded and diluted naturally to such a degree that human intervention is not needed to protect human health and the environment.")
cnt(W1801,"a compound of more than one chlorine atom with an element or radical.")
cnt(W1802,"A compound present in a standard sample of known concentration and volume that is analyzed separately from the unknown sample under identical conditions.")
cnt(W1805,"A compound that acts with an enzyme to carry out biochemical transformations.")
cnt(W1806,"A compound that binds ions, especially metal ions, with high affinity.")
cnt(W1807,"A compound that can cause selective degeneration of the pancreatic ß-cells of the Langerhans islet in the experimental animals, resulting in diabetes with insulin deficiency. The alloxan concentrations that damage the pancreatic ß cells do not affect the a-2 cells and their ability to excrete glucagon. Apart from its toxic effect on the pancreas, alloxan causes cataract and is a teratogenic agent.")
cnt(W1808,"a compound that can serve as an energy carrier when it is phosphorylated to form ATP")
cnt(W1812,"a compound that inactivate a catalyst, such as an enzyme, therefore lowering the reaction rate.")
cnt(W1813,"A compound that is used by a cell to obtain its metabolic energy. In the case of autotrophic organisms the energy and carbon sources are different compounds.")
cnt(W1815,"a compound that prevents or reduces feeding by an organism but does not necessarily kill it.")
cnt(W1817,"A compound valley glacier consisting of many tributary glaciers of different orders with independent accumulation areas flowing into the trunk glacier.")
cnt(W1818,"a compound where element retains its migration capacity. An element can migrate as a dredge, a colloid, or in a solution as an ion or a complex compound.")
cnt(W1819,"a compound which as such does not exert vitamin activity but may be converted to vitamin in the organism by chemical modification")
cnt(W1821,"A compound which consists of more than two metallic elements.")
cnt(W1822,"A compound which is indispensable and helps metabolize a certain target compound, for example, a non-growth substrate. It is a partner in a two-substrate reaction.")
cnt(W1823,"A compound, often a hormone or its analogue, that binds to a receptor and elicits a response.")
cnt(W1824,"A compound, often an analogue of a hormone, that binds to a receptor but elicits no response.")
cnt(W1825,"A comprehensive accounting of the sources, pathways, and sinks of sediment in a drainage basin.")
cnt(W1827,"A comprehensive model of an economic system where all variables may change as the model adjusts to a new equilibrium level in response to some given change.")
cnt(W1828,"A comprehensive pattern representing past history and inferred future associated with a dysfunctional condition.")
cnt(W1835,"A comprehensive system of learning that contributes to uninterrupted spiritual growth and increase of knowledge in different areas of science and culture for each individual from very childhood throughout life.")
cnt(W1836,"A comprehensive, structured approach to identifying failure scenarios, constituting a conceptual and mathematical tool for deriving numerical estimates of risk.")
cnt(W1837,"a compressed body is flattened laterally.")
cnt(W1838,"A compression (coding) algorithm that modifies its operations and/or its parameters according to the new data read from the input stream.")
cnt(W1839,"a compression ignition engine employing ceramic materials in a manner designed to reduce heat losses and thereby improve efficiency.")
cnt(W1840,"a compromise between two evolutionary traits:if one increase, the other must decrease at the same time.")
cnt(W1841,"A compulsory program that functions in coordination with other features of development to dismember peoples from the social and environmental relationships provided by their more traditional, linguistically-distinct culture in order to integrate them into the alien patterns of an expanding western, market-dominated culture.")
cnt(W1842,"A computation device made of AND, OR, or NOT gates connected by wires.  A family of circuits is used as a model for parallel computation.")
cnt(W1843,"A computation device that is used as an abstract model of computers.")
cnt(W1844,"A computational analogue of brain neurones and synapses. It is a network in which each node performs some operation on its inputs and outputs the result to other nodes. The network learns by changing weights of connections in response to cases presented to it.")
cnt(W1845,"A computational process that mimics some aspect of species evolution.")
cnt(W1846,"A computational software that deterministically computes the instantaneous state of a system on the basis of the local properties of the working media and of the operating conditions of its components.")
cnt(W1848,"A computational structure that contains data, data structures, and related procedures. This means that an object can operate on itself, because it contains both the data and the operational information about how to process them.")
cnt(W1850,"a computationally intractable problems with yes/no answers.")
cnt(W1851,"a computer algorithm for pattern recognition based on S.")
cnt(W1852,"A computer and associated software that provide an electronic message database so that computer users can log in and leave messages. Messages are usually categorized into topic groups similar to the newsgroups on Usenet. Any user may submit or read any message in these public areas.")
cnt(W1853,"A computer based system for creating, storing, analyzing, managing and displaying spatial data, and associated attributes.")
cnt(W1854,"a computer capable of delivering performance for array (i.e., vector) operations many orders of magnitude larger than that of any conventional computer. It contains specialized parallel units for vector operations.")
cnt(W1855,"a computer capable of delivering performance many orders of magnitude larger than that of any single-processor computer. This term is currently associated with massively-parallel computers and vector supercomputers.")
cnt(W1856,"a computer executable model of some aspects of reality that can be used to study a phenomenon or learn about it")
cnt(W1857,"A computer language, based upon C, that incorporates modern computer language ideas.")
cnt(W1859,"A computer or device on a network that manages network resources.")
cnt(W1860,"A computer or software application that handles the connection between two or more networks. Routers examine the destination addresses of the information packets passing through them and decide on which route to send them.")
cnt(W1861,"A computer program that charts what users view on the World Wide Web, and how they move through particular web sites.")
cnt(W1862,"A computer program that executes logically sequence-able and network-able operations that can decide which performance to call forth from a real machine")
cnt(W1863,"A computer program that realized algorithms of mathematical model of a studied object.")
cnt(W1864,"a computer program that reasons with Knowledge")
cnt(W1865,"A computer program which utilizes data on river flows, reservoir contents, and demands to develop the necessary required by the dam operator.")
cnt(W1866,"A computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating and displaying geographically referenced information. In agriculture GIS can be used in a variety of ways including calculating acreage planted, monitoring yields, inventory and mapping of soils, post disaster damage detection and assessment (e.g., from flooding or fire), soil moisture levels for irrigation management, plant moisture content, estimating precipitation and biomass, identification of crop type and detecting vegetation stress and damage, among a host of other uses.")
cnt(W1869,"A computer system composed of a microprocessor, memory, peripheral devices and controlling system software.")
cnt(W1870,"a computer system containing from a few to thousands of microprocessors.")
cnt(W1871,"A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying spatial as well as attribute data.")
cnt(W1872,"A computer system for the input, editing, storage, maintenance, management, retrieval, analysis, synthesis, and output of geospatial information. In implementation, GIS refers not only to the computer system, but also includes the data, the people who use the system, and the procedures that apply to the system.")
cnt(W1873,"A computer system that handles large volumes of complex data involved in performing semi-structured tasks, supports managerial decision making, and in doing so improves managerial effectiveness.")
cnt(W1877,"A computer that is implemented on a single integrated circuit.")
cnt(W1878,"a computer virus that creates different code to perform the same functions. This makes identifying the virus by scanning for sequences of instructions difficult.")
cnt(W1879,"a computer virus that intercepts calls to load files, and sanitizes infected files being loaded for reading.")
cnt(W1880,"A computer whose processor has a large number of instructions some of which involving complex operations and addressing modes. Arithmetic operations can be done directly on memory operands (c.f. RISC).")
cnt(W1881,"A computer whose processor has a limited number of instructions and addressing modes, in order to obtain a simpler but faster design. Access to memory is limited to load and store operations only; arithmetic must be done between register operands.")
cnt(W1885,"A computer-based modeling method in which individual ""agents"" simulating human or animal actors, with defined and varying behavioral rules, are placed on a landscape of interaction. These models attempt to explore complexity by examining what emerges from the interactions of the agents on the landscape.")
cnt(W1886,"A computer-based numerical tool that simulates the major characteristics of the climate system. It often involves numerically solving a set of physical equations that govern the climate system or a set of statistical relations that best describe the long-term behaviors of the climate system.")
cnt(W1887,"A computer-based program that assists with decision making.")
cnt(W1888,"A computer-based system of hardware, software, and procedures to facilitate the management, manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation, and display of geographic data.")
cnt(W1890,"A computer-generated system of classification, in which entities are grouped into classes or types on the basis of the number of attributes they share, without consideration for what the attributes are.")
cnt(W1891,"A computerised geo-referenced database system in the form of a dynamic cartographic representation of landforms, land use, river networks, water resources systems and other processes These can include geo-environmental data (geology, geomorphology, hydrography, land use/cover etc.) and social data ( population density, distribution, transportation facilities, water works, etc.) based on ground surveys, aerial photography, and possibly high resolution optical satellite imagery.")
cnt(W1892,"A computerized collection of analysis tools that allow analysts to examine and evaluate alternative management proposals. Major components of a DSS usually include a information system, a collection of optimization and/or simulation models, and the analyst.")
cnt(W1894,"A computing law attributed to Andrew Moore, one of the founders of the United States’ computer chip manufacturer Intel. Moore predicted that the computing power of the microchip doubles every eighteen months.")
cnt(W1895,"A concave upward fault")
cnt(W1896,"A concentrate of additive in a polymer-based carrier resin. A master batch is generally added to a polymer in order to introduce various additives at a known level.")
cnt(W1897,"A concentrated area of development within which there is a deliberate strategy to plan and promote technologically innovative, industrially related production. A synonym is ""science city.""")
cnt(W1898,"A concentrated, dense settlement of people in a core city together with the city’s suburban population who are economically and socially interdependent.")
cnt(W1900,"A concentration of acoustic energy in speech within a particular frequency band, recognizable as a horizontal black band in the spectrum of a vowel.")
cnt(W1901,"A concentration unit, one part per million by volume.")
cnt(W1902,"A concept acknowledging the increasing pace of knowledge renewal and need to acquire additional skills, thus rendering one's professional life a continuous process of formal education, continuing education and training (CET) with continuing professional development (CPD).")
cnt(W1903,"A concept also referred to as Contagion Effect or Imitation Effect -- the supposed power of the media to create an ""epidemic"" of behaviour based on that witnesses in the media. The idea is by no means new; the eighteenth-century novel Die Leiden des jungen Werther (The Sorrows of Young Werther) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, was accused of having led to a wave of suicides amongst the young. More recently, the media have been blamed for the 1981 riots which hit British cities; later in the eighties, for a spate of prison rioting; in the early nineties, police in Wales asked the media not to report details of suicides involving carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust fumes because they believed that suicides were imitating the suicides in press reports; in 1999, doctors researching the effect of medical soaps reported that after a 1996 episode of Casualty portraying with a paracetamol overdose actual cases rose by 20% and doubled amongst people who had seen the episode. It seems to be generally agreed amongst media researchers that it is very difficult to find any clear evidence for the copycat effect, but the doctors in the BMA study were firmly convinced. One of them, Christopher Bulstrode, Professor of Orthopaedics at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, commented : ""We were expecting a fall in overdoses because it was a horrid scene. What we got was a 20% increase, and we were gobsmacked. One of the reasons we have been so slow in publishing was we didn't believe it. We have gone back over and over and over again. It really happened."" (Underwood)")
cnt(W1904,"A concept applicable to living natural resources in common spaces declaring that they might be explored by all States.")
cnt(W1905,"A concept applied to describe the modern state system. It refers to the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück that ended the European Thirty Years’ War in 1648. These treaties codified some aspects of our modern notion of state sovereignty. The year 1648 is often regarded as the start of the modern inter-state system governing international relations.")
cnt(W1906,"A concept applied to soils that have the tendency to reduce their volume after placement and compaction, due to solution of certain constituents such as sodium compounds in the soil.")
cnt(W1908,"A concept conceived by Prigogine to describe stable systems, which are, however, far from thermodynamic equilibrium, such as the envelope of air of the earth.")
cnt(W1909,"A concept developed by ecofeminist philosopher Karen J. Warren that explains the underlying epistemological cause of all domination in Western thought and politics.")
cnt(W1910,"A concept developed by ecofeminists Vandana Shiva and Maria Mies to describe the tacit knowledge of those (mostly women) who engage in life-sustaining and producing work.")
cnt(W1911,"A concept developed by Vidal de la Blache. It is referred to the set of social facts that intervene between natural geographical conditions and people’s behavior. The way of living (genre de vie) is made up of habits, techniques and social, economic and psychological structures.")
cnt(W1912,"A concept developed with respect to the American economy to emphasize the reliance of its economic development on the expansion of the new branches created by means of ICT, rather than traditional sectors, and the rules of efficiently running such economy.")
cnt(W1913,"A concept devised by M. Klein indicating a psychic process characterized by attributing fantasies or split parts of one's own personality into the minds of others, to control or harm them or to establish a non-verbal contact.")
cnt(W1914,"A concept first developed by Albert Schweitzer, who insisted that all human beings have these feelings, but most of us refuse to express them out of fear of being ridiculed and called sentimentalists. In his Civilization and Ethics, Schweitzer spoke of reverence for life as an intrinsic motivating system:  “Reverence for life drives a man on as the whirling, thrashing screw forces a ship through the water.” He called reverence for life an inner necessity, which has little to do with thinking or understanding. “Reverence for life brings us into a spiritual relation with the world which is independent of all knowledge of the universe.”")
cnt(W1915,"A concept focused on the movement of sediment over a wide range from the mountains to the coast rather than the traditional river system focused on water flow only.")
cnt(W1916,"A concept in discrete mathematics. It is a set system satisfying certain systematic conditions of symmetry.")
cnt(W1917,"A concept in implementation of recycling that requires that wastes be separated for collection.")
cnt(W1918,"A concept introduced by Johan Galtung to explain how nonviolent activists can trigger the support of third parties who, in turn, can reach the opponent and operate one of the mechanisms of change that will effect the nonviolent activists’ desired change.")
cnt(W1919,"A concept introduced by landscape philosophers to indicate the growing areas taken for ""passing by"" and not living such as motorway crossroads, airports, etc.")
cnt(W1920,"A concept introduced by sociologist Charles Tilly to explain the forms of popular struggle. He observed when studying collective action in France and Britain during the 18th and 19th centuries that contenders are innovative, constantly adapting their tactics to the varying circumstances in the field of contention but tending to do so within the parameters of their past experiences, cultural preferences and available tools—their repertoire, which for the countries and over the centuries that he studied changed dramatically. ")
cnt(W1921,"A concept invented by Arthur Kestler to describe behavior that is partly a function of individual nature and partly a function of the nature of the embedding system.")
cnt(W1922,"A concept of political organization that first appeared among Spanish anarchists in the 1930s. The organizational unit is small, comprising no more than twelve individuals, who work well together in a system of group autonomy, but are linked closely to similar groups. To make policy decisions at the macro-level affecting all the affinity units, each one sends a representative to express the thinking of the group at a more broadly based council meeting. ")
cnt(W1923,"A concept of science practice, developed by philosophers Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, adapted to situations of scientific complexity, systems uncertainties, high decision stakes and ethical dilemmas with modern technology risk and environmental problems.")
cnt(W1924,"A concept of science practice, developed by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, emphasising the role of wide stakeholder deliberation for knowledge quality assurance in situations of high uncertainty, high decision stakes and diversity of social values.")
cnt(W1926,"A concept operating on two mathematical programming problems and the possible coincidence of their values.")
cnt(W1927,"A concept presented by W.R. Bion, to indicate a deep disturbance or catastrophic change of personality after attempts to integrate one's divided parts, that is, the most alien and perturbing aspects of one's psyche.")
cnt(W1928,"A concept probably born in the USA in the 1950s with the Biological Science Curriculum Study (BSCS) project which views curriculum as dynamic and flexible and open to continuous change based on learners’ needs.")
cnt(W1929,"A concept relating to ecological communities, usually comprising many species; diversity among species increases with the number of species, and also when the proportions of individuals for every species tend to be equal (tendency to perfect homogeneity).")
cnt(W1930,"A concept that assumes international trade is unhampered by government intervention such as tariffs or non-tariff barriers.")
cnt(W1931,"A concept that compares one colliding continental plate to a rigid body (indenter) that penetrates into a rigid-plastic medium, the other colliding plate. The theory was developed by mechanical engineers, and allows interpretation of within-plate patterns of large strike-slip faults in a convergent system.")
cnt(W1932,"A concept that has evolved from meaning national self-sufficiency in domestic food production (during the 1960s and 1970s) to an idea that every individual should have economic and physical access at all times to food of sufficient quantity, quality, and diversity to meet individual nutritional and cultural needs.")
cnt(W1933,"A concept that postulates the structure and function of river communities change (longitudinally) in a predictable way between source and river.")
cnt(W1934,"A concept that refers to an acceptable level of social costs associated with the physical movement of people or goods. These social costs are related to decaying environmental quality, fatality rates because of accidents in the transport sector, or congestion causing a burden to the economy at large.")
cnt(W1937,"A concept that refers to travel time or delay in excess of that normally incurred under the light or free-flow travel conditions.")
cnt(W1938,"a concept that suggests that the only limiting factor to resource extraction is the human capacity for removal.")
cnt(W1939,"a concept that superiority and inferiority do not exist among different cultures")
cnt(W1940,"A concept used for the study and measurement of land productivity in agricultural economics. Land economic capacity refers to the quantity of other elements of production that can be carried when the most favorable proportions of land, as an element of production, to other elements are achieved under certain economic and technical conditions. It may be expressed in terms of money or material objects. The more other elements are carried, the bigger the land economic capacity is, and vice versa.")
cnt(W1941,"A concept used in the study of powders and defined as the dimension of a hypothetical particle such that if a material were wholly composed of such particles, it would have the same value as the actual material with respect to some stated property. ")
cnt(W1942,"A concept used to describe sustainability of socially constructed communities. Concerns language, and political, economic, and social institutions.")
cnt(W1944,"a concept whereby all the sizes of the bed material tend to be moved together by a given flow. The alternative is ‘selective entrainment’ whereby the small grains are moved by a lower flow speed whereas a higher flow speed is required to move larger grains.")
cnt(W1945,"A conception and construction of self and subjectivity which includes components such as gender, race, ethnicity, nation and sexual orientation. The focus on identity is seen as part of a post-modern sensibility.")
cnt(W1946,"A conception of what is desirable or what is right or wrong.")
cnt(W1948,"A conceptual and operative framework for societal development, promoting bios—life—as the central theme in every human endeavor, be it policy, education, art, government, science, or technology.")
cnt(W1951,"A conceptual model of another model, or set of models, or a model of the outputs from another model.")
cnt(W1952,"A conceptual model of cities with higher density of population and building to reduce the length of travel between home and work place, thus the energy used for traveling.")
cnt(W1953,"A conceptual model, developed by Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz, of the relationship between universities, governments and industry in the production and diffusion of knowledge.")
cnt(W1954,"A conceptual representation of phases that natural ecosystems appear to go through in some case studies.")
cnt(W1955,"A conceptual representation of the time evolution of quantities of interest and their relationships in an ecological system.")
cnt(W1956,"A conceptual surface separating the system under consideration and determining the measurement places of the delivered or rejected stream of matter or energy.")
cnt(W1957,"a conclusion drawn by reasoning from available information")
cnt(W1958,"A concrete dam reserves water by curved thin dam body dynamically.")
cnt(W1959,"A concrete dam reserves water by own weight.")
cnt(W1960,"a concrete-lined tank sunk below ground level, where sewage is digested anaerobically by bacteria")
cnt(W1961,"A condensed phase material in which the atoms or molecules are not arranged in a regular repeating pattern.")
cnt(W1962,"A condition attained following a microbial inactivation step in a food process in which all microorganisms capable of growing in the food under normal conditions of storage and distribution are inactivated.")
cnt(W1963,"a condition by which a given species, or group of species, is restricted to a limited and well defined geographic area such as an island, a lake, a river basin, or a group of mountains.")
cnt(W1964,"A condition caused by factors outside an organism or body; it is the opposite of endgenous. Exogenous factors such as temperature, rainfall, soil type, etc. may affect corn production. Similarly, industrial production increase has been attributed sometimes to the increase of exogenous factors such as government subsidies, tax reduction incentives, and so on. If economic growth depends heavily on the increase of exogenous factors, it cannot last over a long period of time, because of the rule of diminishing marginal return of investment.")
cnt(W1965,"A condition characterized by excess body fat.")
cnt(W1969,"A condition in which all individuals and groups have developed their latent power to the point where they can advocate their own needs and rights and negotiate with other empowered individuals and groups")
cnt(W1970,"a condition in which an interstate system has two dominant power centers or blocs")
cnt(W1971,"a condition in which bacteria are not permitted to grow")
cnt(W1974,"a condition in which infants, usually less than two months old, fed on formulae prepared with water having high nitrate concentration, become cyanotic. Nitrate is reduced in the intestine to nitrite; which combines with hemoglobin, rendering it incapable of carrying oxygen.")
cnt(W1975,"a condition in which one member of a system plays a dominant role in influencing the rules governing the system and the behavior of other system members")
cnt(W1977,"A condition in which states are mutually sensitive and vulnerable to the actions taken by others, though not necessarily in equal measure.")
cnt(W1978,"A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.")
cnt(W1979,"A condition in which the haploid thallus (vegetative phase) is self-fertilizing (i.e. does not need copulation with another haplont).")
cnt(W1980,"A condition in which the upper surface of the zone of saturation forms a water table under atmospheric pressure.")
cnt(W1981,"A condition in which too much information is available on a topic, now in common occurrence in online information searching.")
cnt(W1982,"A condition in which two or more dissimilar social processes or activities can lead to similar archaeological results.")
cnt(W1983,"a condition marked by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull, typically characterized by enlargement of the head with prominence of the forehead, brain atrophy, mental deterioration and convulsions")
cnt(W1985,"A condition marked by spasms of the bronchioles or bronchi typically induced by specific immunological responses.")
cnt(W1987,"a condition of a system when it is largely unaffected by internal or external changes so it returns to its original condition after being perturbed.")
cnt(W1988,"A condition of expanded particulate structure that may be brought about by such as agitation, aeration or shear. The opposite of compaction")
cnt(W1989,"A condition of global sea level and its fluctuations.")
cnt(W1990,"A condition of presumed inadequate intake of total dietary energy in relation to energy expenditure demands, defined in adults by the BMI criterion of <18.5 kg/m².")
cnt(W1991,"A condition of zero internal strength of a powder bed brought about by the presence of excess fluid, usually air, in the interstitial voids of a fine bulk solid that dilates the bulk sufficiently to offer the constituent particles unrestrained freedom for rearrangement and hence behave like a fluid of low viscosity.")
cnt(W1992,"A condition or operating level at which system performance will not degrade over time due to stress on one or more element(s) of the system. Environmentally sustainable actions are those actions that allow the environment to maintain its resilience over long periods of time.")
cnt(W1993,"A condition or state resulting from the interrelations between humans and the biological, chemical, physical, and social environment that should be compatible with their basic human needs and full functional activity including reproduction over a long period.")
cnt(W1994,"A condition produced by infection with a fungus, usually Candida albicans, involving various parts such as skin, mucous membrane, nails, bronchi, lungs, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract.")
cnt(W1995,"a condition relating to greatly enlarged cells, often with intranuclear inclusions")
cnt(W1997,"a condition resulting in the death of bacteria")
cnt(W1998,"A condition that arises when a government/central bank changes a fixed exchange rate for its currency in a direction that reduces the value of the local currency compared to foreign currencies.")
cnt(W1999,"A condition that ensures that a control strategy is optimal")
cnt(W2000,"A condition that exists when the theoretical model fitted to a semi-variogram differs between the semi-variograms plotted for different directions.")
cnt(W2001,"A condition that guarantees non-degeneracy in the first order condition.")
cnt(W2004,"A condition where the behavior of a fluid is modified by magnetic control.")
cnt(W2006,"A condition where the social strains generated within a society do not hinder the continuous enhancement of the standards of living of that society.")
cnt(W2007,"a condition where the soils lose their main properties.")
cnt(W2008,"A condition where two spatial units share a common edge or boundary.")
cnt(W2010,"A condition whereby the whole world viewed in both physical, natural, social, political and human terms is able to maintain an ongoing development which neither threatens future existence of the totality or the interacting subcomponents.")
cnt(W2011,"A condition, often caused by physiological changes or homeostatic disequilibrium, which energizes an organism’s behavior.")
cnt(W2012,"A condition, which fixes the initial state of the dynamical system.")
cnt(W2013,"A condition, which links the values of the state variables at different points.")
cnt(W2014,"a conduit for carrying large quantity of flowing water.")
cnt(W2017,"A cone is a set of vectors such that each prolongated or reduced (positive) version of that vector is also in this set.")
cnt(W2018,"A cone or mound of ice or snow, several meters high, on a glacier tongue covered with a veneer of silt or rock debris.")
cnt(W2019,"A conference, also known as the ""Earth Summit"" or the ""Rio Summit"", held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 and attended by 178 heads of governments. The following were the major outcomes of the conference:the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration, and the Forest Principles.")
cnt(W2020,"A confidence envelope containing the true intrinsic diversity profile with a probability greater than the nominal level.")
cnt(W2022,"A confining bed that retards but does not prevent the flow of water to or from an adjacent aquifer; a leaky confining bed. It does not readily yield water to wells or springs, but may serve as a storage unit for ground water.")
cnt(W2023,"A conflict between two languages (or dialects) as a result of the different status of the languages involved.")
cnt(W2024,"A conflict model that reflects the ways in which decision makers perceive a conflict when there may be misperceptions (see Misperceptions and Hypergame Models of Conflict).")
cnt(W2025,"A conflict situation, which is described by agents, strategies of the agents, and payoff functions, in which the agents cannot make binding agreements (a non-cooperative game, typically represented in strategic or normal - form).")
cnt(W2026,"a conflict solution that satisfies both parties’ interests, typically reached through problem-solving")
cnt(W2027,"A confusing term used variously to mean; (i) having the characteristics of newly harvested fish or shellfish; (ii) more loosely that the fish has no obvious sign of spoilage, such as off-odor or off-flavor; (iii) that the fish has not been frozen although it may not conform to the description of (i) or (ii) above; or (iv) in fishery commodity statistics, fish used for food purposes other than frozen, canned or cured, i.e., including the chilled sector.")
cnt(W2028,"A conglomerate consisting of surface sand and gravel cemented together into a hard mass by petroleum droplets and soot. This deposit resulted from the burning of oil wells in Kuwait during the Gulf War of 1991.")
cnt(W2029,"a conglomeration of mass movements from various parts of India. It is self-described as ""a coming together, a process of like-minded groups and movements who while retaining their autonomous identities, are working together to bring the struggle for a people-oriented development model to the centre-stage of politics and public life."" (See http://narmada.org/NAPM/napm.html).")
cnt(W2030,"A conical flask with wide base for collecting solution after extraction or for crystallization.")
cnt(W2031,"a conical structure, usually made of twisted straw used to house bees in Europe and England")
cnt(W2032,"A conical, or similar, expanding chamber leading from a turbine casing to the tailwater pool, for the purpose of recovering some of the kinetic energy of the flow through the turbine, and thus increasing the effective head.")
cnt(W2033,"a connected acyclic graph.")
cnt(W2034,"a connection, emotional or otherwise, between two or more people, or between people and other living beings, and the ecosystem. ")
cnt(W2036,"A conscious effort to change institutions and, thus, behaviors to solve defined problems.")
cnt(W2038,"A conscious, deliberate and collaborative effort to improve the performance and operation of organizational systems (communities, organizations, and groups) through the application of specific knowledge.")
cnt(W2039,"A consequence of a rupture spreading at the rate of a few kilometers per hour in the Earth's interior.")
cnt(W2040,"a consequence of the actions of physical and chemical factors (mutagenes) on living organisms, manifested as an increase in mutation frequency above the spontaneous level.")
cnt(W2041,"A conservation facility where genes are conserved in the form of seeds, tissues, plants.")
cnt(W2042,"A Conservation International affiliate working in the Maya Forest")
cnt(W2043,"A conservation-tillage system that usually leaves the soil undisturbed from harvest to planting except for fertilizer injection; used mainly in wet, cold climates and/or with furrow irrigation.")
cnt(W2044,"A conservative branch of Buddhism comprising sects chiefly in Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia and adhering to the original Pali scriptures alone and to the nontheistic ideal of nirvana for a limited select number.")
cnt(W2045,"A consideration of technical efficiency, preventive engineering and the factor ""time"" in the business process enables to optimization of technology, liability and utilization. The result is a new quality, defined as system performance over long periods of time. This is a key to corporate success in the service (""lake"") economy (see Figure 1).")
cnt(W2046,"A consistent and ordered set of rules embodied in a shell-like program that establishes controls and instantiates the problem-solving strategy of an expert system.")
cnt(W2049,"a consolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clastic material deposited by the wind; e.g. dune sand cemented below ground-water level by calcite.")
cnt(W2050,"A consonant articulated by producing a narrowing at some point in the speech tract, through which the airstream has to push its way, causing audible friction.")
cnt(W2051,"A consonant articulated by withdrawing the articulator (usually the tongue) from its rest position and then striking another articulator on its way back.")
cnt(W2052,"A consonant produced at the alveolar ridge.")
cnt(W2053,"A consonant produced involving the teeth and one lip, normally the lower lip and the upper teeth.")
cnt(W2054,"A consonant produced using the glottalic egressive airstream mechanism.")
cnt(W2055,"A consonant type articulated involving  an active articulator (the tongue apex or the uvula) fluttering in a turbulent stream of air and striking the passive articulator rapidly and repeatedly.")
cnt(W2056,"A consonant type formed in a manner involving the tongue apex tapping once rapidly on a passive articulator.")
cnt(W2057,"A consonant whose articulation involves a complete closure at some point in the speech tract. After the air pressure builds up behind the closure, the obstruction is suddenly released, which results in an outburst perceived as an 'explosion'.")
cnt(W2058,"A conspicuous, usually large, crystal embedded in porphyritic igneous rock.")
cnt(W2059,"A constant explaining the increase or decrease of material volume per unit weight when heated or cooled by one degree.")
cnt(W2060,"A constant exponent of the power-law model")
cnt(W2061,"a constant feature of an area caused by an arid climate.")
cnt(W2062,"A constant in a statistical formula or model. The word is often used loosely as a synonym for “factor” or “variable”.")
cnt(W2063,"A constant parameter of the power-law model.")
cnt(W2064,"A constant periodic stream of costs that when discounted equals the discounted actual varying stream of periodic costs associated with the installation and operation of a given technological system.")
cnt(W2067,"A constellation of 24 satellites orbiting the earth at a very high altitude. These satellites transmit radio wave signals that allow one to determine, with great accuracy, the locations of GPS receivers. In farming GPS can be used to map and survey fields, allowing farmers to more efficiently control the distribution of fertilizers and chemicals to those areas of the field in need of special attention.")
cnt(W2068,"a constellation of achievements (concepts, values, techniques, etc.) shared by a scientific community and used by that community to define legitimate problems and solutions.")
cnt(W2069,"a constellation of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by the community at large and used in the framework of common vision of this reality as guidelines for political and other kinds of joint actions serving the common cause of society")
cnt(W2070,"A constellation of rules, decision-making procedures, and programs that defines a social practice, assigns roles to the participants in the practice, and governs interactions among the occupants of those roles.")
cnt(W2071,"A constellation of symptoms such as eye, nose and throat irritation, dry, itching or red skin, headaches and mental fatigue, etc. attributable to exposure to a given environment. SBS differs from MCS in that symptoms are transitory and are relieved by leaving the offending environment.")
cnt(W2072,"A constituent is one of two or more grammatical units that enter syntactically or morphologically into a construction.")
cnt(W2073,"A constraint in a database asserting that the value of an attribute name in a relation is completely determined by the values of certain other attributes names.")
cnt(W2074,"A constraint on regulatee behavior, embodied in regulation.")
cnt(W2075,"A construct that represents frequency of clusterings of activities at different time scales and spatial scales in complex ecosystem dynamics")
cnt(W2076,"A construction contracting method where the price of the building is fixed by a tightly defined contract- the least flexible but most predictable form of contracting.")
cnt(W2077,"A construction making a near right angle with the edge of a stream and partly narrowing the flow channel.")
cnt(W2078,"a consumption tax generally imposed on most goods and services along all points of the chain of production")
cnt(W2080,"a consumption tax imposed generally at the point of purchase of goods")
cnt(W2081,"A contaminant that can cause adverse developmental effects.")
cnt(W2082,"A contemporary historical period generally traced from the 1960s to the present, characterized by skepticism toward earlier articles of faith such as scientific reasoning and progress. In the cultural sphere, the era is characterized by diversity, recycling, and paradox, and a rejection of metanarratives.")
cnt(W2083,"a contemporary marginal or potential literary writing circle in Shanghai, the elite of which are FANG Sheng-xiang, YANG Hong-sheng, XIN Jiang-min, Hai An, GU Gang, He Yang, Liu Wei,Mo-Mo, Yu-Yu, Liu Man-liu, etc.")
cnt(W2084,"A contemporary version of economies of scale where a corporation seeks to market as many products together under one setting or cultural form. The more abstract definition is an interaction among parts of a whole.")
cnt(W2085,"A contested term that is characteristically explained in terms of fairness, desert, equality, rights or some combination thereof.")
cnt(W2086,"a context of interaction that occurs between a range of spatial and temporal frequencies, for example fast and slow feedbacks, which affect the resilience of ecosystems.")
cnt(W2087,"A continental ""cliff"" between the shelf (about 200 meters) and the abyssal region, around 2500 to 4000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W2088,"A continental edge that is characterized by limited tectonic activity (i.e., few earthquakes, no subduction, no mountain building). These margins are characterized by substantial sediment accumulations that result in widespread, virtually flat features.")
cnt(W2089,"A continental edge that is characterized by pronounced tectonic activity (i.e., abundant earthquakes, often associated with subduction and mountain building). These margins tend to have very reduced shelf areas (compare with ""passive margin"" below).")
cnt(W2092,"A continued, directional evolutionary change within an evolving lineage.")
cnt(W2093,"A continuing loss of acid neutralizing capacity indicated by increasing hydrogen ion concentration and/or declining alkalinity. The term can be used for soils, water draining from catchments.")
cnt(W2094,"A continuous and integrated preventive approach designed to reduce the environmental risks and the impact of processes and products. It is based on reducing the quantity and toxicity of energy source emissions and waste before they leave the production process, and on minimizing environmental impact throughout the entire product life cycle, from materials extraction to final disposal.")
cnt(W2095,"A continuous and long period of dry weather conditions which can be experienced by a city, region, province or a state as a whole.")
cnt(W2098,"A continuous fluidized solids process that cracks feed thermally over heated coke particles in a reactor vessel to gas, liquid products, and coke.")
cnt(W2100,"a continuous function that is linear except for a finite set of points (where its slope changes). Often used for approximation of non-linear functions in order to make it possible to deal with LP or MIP problem instead of NLP problem.")
cnt(W2101,"A continuous gradation of ways of life between truly rural and truly urban, also expressing that no clear breaks exist.")
cnt(W2102,"a continuous plain covered by sand.")
cnt(W2103,"A continuous process of knowledge acquisition by already qualified personnel through formal and informal educational systems which are perceived as updates and fill-in-the-gaps process in their areas of competence. It is essentially to close the lag time between knowledge acquisition and professional practice due to increasing scientific and technological demands.")
cnt(W2105,"A continuous recording of geophysical data collected by lowering logging tools down a well bore. These data are analyzed to detect the presence of oil or gas and the properties of the surrounding rock.")
cnt(W2106,"A continuous stirred-tank reactor, where reactants and products are continuously added and withdrawn.")
cnt(W2107,"A continuous system of ice domes, ice streams, outlet glaciers, and ice shelves covering extensive tracts of land, continental shelves and sometimes continental slopes.")
cnt(W2108,"A continuous, well-defined mass of material of sufficient ore content to make extraction economically feasible.)
cnt(WSpecific terms related to distinct mineral deposits are covered in the glossaries attached to each theme-level contribution.")
cnt(W2109,"A continuously compounded bond which is appreciated at the instantaneous interest rate.")
cnt(W2110,"A continuously operating plug flow system for the production of compost using a long downward-sloping cylindrical tube through which the material that is being composted slowly tumbles by virtue of the steady rotation of the tube.")
cnt(W2111,"A continuously varying wave is measured at distinct time-points, the measurement data is quantized, resulting in a sequence of data from a finite alphabet. The process itself is called sampling. There are several ways of defining the distinct sampling points and of quantization, yielding essentially different algorithms.")
cnt(W2112,"A continuum divided into successive values that can be graphical, descriptive or numerical, used in reporting the level of a characteristic.")
cnt(W2113,"A continuum of varieties which is hypothesized to develop when a creole is in contact with its lexifier language, which is assumed to lead to decreolization, or the loss of the creole (see decreolization, basilect, acrolect).")
cnt(W2114,"a contract clause in which a state agrees not to change relevant parts of its legal system during the term of the contract.")
cnt(W2115,"A contract to exchange two future income streams, for example floating-rate interest and fixed-rate interest on the same given notional principal sum.")
cnt(W2116,"A contract which entitles one to sell something by/at a future date (maturity).")
cnt(W2117,"A contract which entitles, but does not oblige one to buy/sell something by/at a future date.")
cnt(W2119,"A contract with a financial promise.")
cnt(W2120,"A contract with the obligation to sell or buy stock at a fixed price by/at an agreed date.")
cnt(W2124,"A contraction of reduction and oxidation, electron transfer processes that occur in some kinds of chemical reactions.")
cnt(W2125,"A contraction of the terms ""thermodynamics"" and ""economics,"" implying the combined application of these two disciplines for the analysis, improvement, and optimization of energy systems.")
cnt(W2127,"A contraction of the terms thermodynamics and economics, implying the combined application of these two disciplines for the analysis, improvement and optimization of energy systems.")
cnt(W2128,"a contraction of the word ‘smoke’ and ‘fog’, the term refers to the combination of photochemical substances that dominate polluted industrial air masses and give the atmosphere a brownish haze. Ozone is a key ingredient of smog.")
cnt(W2129,"A contraction of the words tensional integrity. The principle of structure wherein tensional behaviors are balanced by compression of structural members.")
cnt(W2130,"A contractual approach in which costs are charged according to agreed upon schedule or hourly rates, mark-ups and other charges. The owner assumes the risk of overruns beyond the initial estimate. The contractor has little risk and small incentive to control costs.")
cnt(W2131,"A contractual cost arrangement in which a given service is provided for a given amount. Careful definition of the scope of services is required and usually provides for adjustment in the event of changed circumstances. This is contrasted with an arrangement in which services are provided for a specified rate and reimbursement of other costs as they are incurred. In principle, there is no limit to the cost charged in this manner, though often some limit is imposed.")
cnt(W2132,"A control action consisting of the proportional integral and derivative components")
cnt(W2133,"a control device designated to separate or remove mist or liquid droplets")
cnt(W2134,"a control device designated to separate or remove mists from air")
cnt(W2136,"A control device for regulating the speed of rotation of a turbine-generator set.")
cnt(W2137,"A control is a means in research to exclude an explanation of the data.")
cnt(W2138,"A control minimizing the performance index.")
cnt(W2139,"A control of feedback type, which is optimal.")
cnt(W2140,"A control or measuring structure built across a stream or river that is broad in its direction of flow, as compared to a sharp-crested weir. The function of the broadened crest is to induce critical flow to occur over the crest, which aids exact flow measurement, even under fairly high tailwater conditions.")
cnt(W2141,"A control strategy that minimizes the cost functional")
cnt(W2142,"A control system described by a differential equation and controlled by two (generally, two or more) agents pursuing opposite (generally, different) goals.")
cnt(W2143,"A controlled input.")
cnt(W2144,"A convection due to much lower molecular diffusivity of salt dissolved in water compared to the thermal diffusivity.")
cnt(W2145,"A convection in which the fluid motion is due primarily to a superposed flow. Forced convection of heat occurs when heat is conducted through a solid surface to, or from, a fluid and carried from one point to another by particles of fluid that are forced along by external mean such as fans and pumps.")
cnt(W2146,"A convection pattern consisting of large cells (30 000 km in diameter) in which flow is mostly horizontal and outward from cell centers but which also has weak upward flow at cell centers and downward flow at cell boundaries.")
cnt(W2147,"A convention signed at Montego Bay, Jamaica on 10 December, 1982. It comprises 320 articles and nine annexes and governs all aspects of ocean space from delimitations to environmental control, scientific research, economic and commercial activities, technology and the settlement of disputes related to ocean matters.")
cnt(W2148,"a conventional method invented by Emil Fisher to describe the stereochemistry of chiral molecules, in particular sugars and amino acids.")
cnt(W2149,"A conventional velocity of water flow in soil pores per unit gradient of hydraulic potential; usually measured in m s-1 or m day-1.")
cnt(W2150,"a conventionalized gesture, usually standing alone as its own utterance, with a ""correct"" form and culturally specific meaning.")
cnt(W2151,"A conviction of the truth or falsity of a statement or fact")
cnt(W2153,"A cooperation between two airlines. This cooperation may take various forms, for instance, marketing agreements, code sharing (where a flight operated by one carrier is offered under the flight numbers of two allied carriers), and full mergers.")
cnt(W2154,"A cooperation between two or more different microbes in which the partners depend entirely on each other to perform the metabolic activity observed, and in which the mutual dependence on each other cannot be overcome by simply adding any type of nutrient.")
cnt(W2155,"A cooperation of nations to ensure the security of all its members from aggressions from other countries.")
cnt(W2156,"a cooperative agreement among great powers to jointly manage the interstate system, often through an ad-hoc system of conferences")
cnt(W2157,"a cooperative agreement between firms or firms and other institutions located in different countries.")
cnt(W2158,"A cooperative game arising from a decision making by voting.")
cnt(W2159,"A cooperative game arising from an exchange market.")
cnt(W2160,"A cooperative game in which transferable utility is assumed.")
cnt(W2161,"A cooperative game in which values of its characteristic function are only 1 or 0.")
cnt(W2162,"A cooperative, tri-national approach to conserving waterfowl species and habitats.")
cnt(W2163,"A coordinate system based on right-angle coordinates.")
cnt(W2164,"A coordinate system, in which a body moves with uniform velocity in a straight line if no force acts on it")
cnt(W2165,"A coordinate-based data structure commonly used to present linear map features.")
cnt(W2166,"a coordinated body of methods or plan of procedure; the structure or organization of society, business, or politics, or society in general that support a particular cultural or world view,")
cnt(W2170,"A coordinated system of preparation of goods for transport, distribution, storage, retail sale, and end use.")
cnt(W2172,"A copolymer consisting of macromolecules where two different units are present, but long sections of one type exist")
cnt(W2173,"A core mental health discipline that focuses on the study, assessment, treatment, and prevention of abnormal behavior.")
cnt(W2174,"A core problem of global change whereby fresh water availability and quality is insufficient for use by human and other life on Earth.")
cnt(W2175,"a core protein in the reaction centre of Photosystem II.")
cnt(W2178,"A core-less electromagnetic winding used for actuating control elements.")
cnt(W2179,"A co-residing group of people, often but not always related by kinship and sharing economic functions.")
cnt(W2180,"a corporate asset that includes explicit and tacit knowledge.")
cnt(W2181,"a corporation chartered by a group of prominent businessmen in the early 1900s to manage patentable intellectual property produced by universities.")
cnt(W2182,"A corporation whose purpose is to own and manage other corporations that actually operate services. An example of a holding company was the Greyhound Corporation, which owned, in whole or in part, various intercity bus corporations throughout the United States.")
cnt(W2183,"A correction for the change in normal gravity resulting from measurement at an observation point at an elevation above sea level.")
cnt(W2184,"A correction for the effects of measuring gravity from a moving platform over a rotating Earth. Corrects for the Coriolis and differential centrifugal “fictitious forces.”")
cnt(W2185,"A correction for the gravitational effect of a slab of rock of a specified density between the observation point and sea level. Also called the simple Bouguer correction.")
cnt(W2186,"A correction for the gravitational effect of moderate to extreme topographic relief used to calculate the complete Bouguer anomaly.")
cnt(W2187,"A correlation coefficient between time series and the same time series shifted on several time units, for example, several years.")
cnt(W2188,"A correlation coefficient between two time series.")
cnt(W2189,"A correlation coefficient is a measure of the interdependence between two variates. It is usually a number between – 1 and 1 (perfect negative and positive correlation respectively), with 0 indicating absence of correlation, but not necessarily the independence of the variables.")
cnt(W2191,"a correlation of the positive (recharge) and negative (discharge) components of groundwater formation.")
cnt(W2192,"a corridor or piece of land set aside in a city or suburb to preserve nature. Human activities are normally restricted in the corridor. A greenway can also be a road network constructed in a manner that protects and preserves the natural attributes of the area it goes through.")
cnt(W2193,"A corrosion process that produces hard nodules of corrosion and deposition products in iron pipe thereby decreasing the flow rate.")
cnt(W2194,"A cosmic process specified by a fundamental universal flow toward ever increasing complexity that manifests itself through particular events and sequences of events that are not limited to the domain of biological phenomenon but extend to include all aspects of change in open dynamic systems with a throughput of information and energy. In other words, evolution relates to the formation of stars from atoms, of Homo Sapiens from the anthropoid apes, as much as to the formation of complex societies from rudimentary social systems.")
cnt(W2195,"A cosmology in which nature and society are seen as co-constitutive.")
cnt(W2196,"A cosmovision seeking a holistic and sustainable way of life.")
cnt(W2197,"a cost- and time-efficient construction method for concrete dams.")
cnt(W2198,"a cost hierarchy linking objectives and activities with the organizational resources requirements.")
cnt(W2199,"A costly and technology-intensive irrigation method bringing the water directly to the root-zones of plants. Limited by the economic value of the crops. Thus not practical for grain.")
cnt(W2200,"A council of five members representing the village.")
cnt(W2201,"A council of leading trade associations representing chemical manufacturers worldwide. The purpose of the ICCA is to exchange views among members, to coordinate action by council members, and to present an international chemical industry view to organizations. Such organizations would primarily be inter-governmental agencies and international private organizations (e.g., the International Standards Organization, ISO). Policy issues of international significance to the chemical manufacturing industry form the agenda of the ICCA. Such issues include health, safety, and the environment; international transport safety; intellectual property; trade policy; and, industry efforts to eliminate chemical weapons and diversion to illegal drugs.")
cnt(W2202,"A counter in which the magnitude of each pulse is independent of the amount of energy deposit in it.")
cnt(W2203,"A counter tube operated under such conditions that the magnitude of each pulse is independent of the amount of energy deposited in it.")
cnt(W2204,"A counter tube operated under such conditions that the magnitude of each pulse is proportional to the amount of energy deposited in it.")
cnt(W2205,"A counter-flow heat exchanger for melting iron. The furnace consists of a cylindrical shaft with refractory material at the bottom, and then alternating layers of iron, coke, and limestone. Blast air provides oxygen for the combustion of the coke.")
cnt(W2206,"a country has a comparative advantage in producing a good, A, if the opportunity costs of not producing other goods—because production capacity is used for production of good A—is lower than in other countries.")
cnt(W2207,"A country is called labor- (capital-) abundant if its supply of labor (capital) relative to another factor, say capital (labor), is higher than the similar factor supply ratio of another country.")
cnt(W2209,"A country that demonstrates a high level of industrialization and an overall high standard of living. Wealth and technology are often associated with a democratic form of government.")
cnt(W2210,"A country that has not demonstrated a high level of industrialization and has a low standard of living. Generally these conditions are associated with rapid population growth. One might use the terms ""lesser developed countries"" (LDC) and ""least developed countries"" (LLDC) to more explicitly define the nation in question.")
cnt(W2211,"A country that is legally bound by the terms of the Convention through the processes of ratification or accession.")
cnt(W2212,"a country where a multinational firm is based")
cnt(W2214,"A country whose government determines economic activity on the basis of central planning and not on supply and demand principles.")
cnt(W2215,"A country's agreement to become legally bound by a convention or protocol, often requiring approval of its legislature. After a certain number of ratifications, the convention or protocol enters into force.")
cnt(W2216,"a county, identified by the provincial government, which can receive financial assistance or subsidies and other priorities from governments. The criteria for Province-identified poverty counties in different provinces are different.")
cnt(W2217,"A coupled collection of models describing the environmental, economical and sociological aspects of our world.")
cnt(W2218,"A coupled model used in ozone variation research.")
cnt(W2219,"A course of action (modelled by a subset of its cards) that a player says it will pursue if its position is rejected.")
cnt(W2220,"a course of action or principle adopted by a government, a business, or an individual.")
cnt(W2222,"a course of study (narrow definition), or the whole learning experience of the learner at an institution (broad definition).")
cnt(W2223,"A court case in which a defendant is charged with several crimes, and all of the charges are considered at once by the same jury.")
cnt(W2224,"a covalent bond formed by oxidation of the SH groups of two cysteine residues")
cnt(W2225,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of one couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond")
cnt(W2226,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of three couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond and two p-bond")
cnt(W2227,"a covalent bond formed by the shearing of two couple of electrons between adjacent atoms; is made by a s-bond and a p-bond")
cnt(W2228,"A covalent bond in which the electrons are not exactly evenly distributed between the atomic species.")
cnt(W2229,"A coverage containing common features such as land–water boundaries for use as starting place in automating other coverages. (Templates increase the precision of spatial overlays.)")
cnt(W2230,"a CPU that contains many processing stages. A computer instruction has to go through one or more stages to complete its execution. Many stages may be used concurrently by different instructions.")
cnt(W2231,"A creative activity pursued on a regular basis, the goal of which is to expand knowledge, including the knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this knowledge to develop new ways of application.")
cnt(W2233,"A crevice which ends about 45 cm deep in the soil in a cylinder hole (6 to 8 cm in cross-sectional diameter) resembling a hole made by the animal of the same name. It is used to retain water and reduce surface runoff, and is made by a special mole-maker or plow equipped with a special device.")
cnt(W2234,"a criterion according to which a poverty-stricken area is identified. The poverty line has been adjusted at least five times in China since the poverty problem attracted official attention in the mid 1980s.")
cnt(W2235,"A criterion is termed weak-preference independent if its evaluation does not depend on the values of other criteria.")
cnt(W2236,"A criterion of perfection, which can be formulated for a system, plant, or plant component. It is given by the ratio of the exergy transfer rate associated with the output of the plant (or its component) to the exergy transfer rate associated with the corresponding exergy input. Exergy efficiency cannot be higher than 1 (100%).")
cnt(W2237,"A criterion of social relationship between persons who consider themselves as culturally distinctive from members of other groups with whom they have a minimum of regular interaction")
cnt(W2238,"A criterion of Soil Taxonomy that characterizes the moisture status of the subsoil throughout the year.")
cnt(W2239,"A criterion of Soil Taxonomy that indicates the yearly temperature fluctuation in the subsoil.")
cnt(W2240,"A criterion that separates acceptability from unacceptability (Codex Alimentarius Commission 1997). A maximum or minimum value to which a biological, chemical, or physical parameter must be controlled at a CCP to prevent, eliminate, or reduce to an acceptable level, the occurrence of a food safety hazard (NACMCF 1997).")
cnt(W2242,"A critical level is the maximum pollutant concentration a part of the environment can be exposed to without significant harmful effects.")
cnt(W2243,"A critical load is the maximum amount of pollutant deposition a part of the environment can tolerate without significant harmful effects.")
cnt(W2244,"a critique of language which identifies unecological elements in the language system and criticizes anthropocentrism in texts")
cnt(W2246,"a crop management approach that makes use of information on the biology and ecology of a weed and all available control technologies to develop an integrated management program.")
cnt(W2247,"A crop that is a grass plant producing seed harvested for human or animal feed. Cereals are the major source of carbohydrates and calories in the world diet, with most cereal grains ground into a coarse or refined flour that is used in a variety of food products.")
cnt(W2248,"A crop that is high in vegetable oil in the seed. Oilseeds are broadleaf plants that typically have 40% or more oil in their seeds on a weight basis.")
cnt(W2249,"A crop that is used in the same way as a cereal grain, with its seeds ground into flour and used in breads and other baked products. Pseudocereals are different from true cereals in the characteristics of their seed, and the fact the pseudocereals are broadleafs rather than grasses.")
cnt(W2250,"a crop tree selected and reserved for seed collection or as a source of seed for natural regeneration.")
cnt(W2251,"A cropping system whereby annual crops (such as barley) are grown in alleys formed by hedgerows of shrubs such as Atriplex spp.")
cnt(W2252,"A cross discipline of coal geology and geochemistry, which deals with origin, evolution, form, environmental effect of minerals and trace element.")
cnt(W2253,"A cross discipline of coal geology and organic geochemistry, which deals with the origin, evolution, composition and property of coal and relative mineral deposits to coal, such as oil from coal.")
cnt(W2254,"A cross section can be differential in the angles and energies of the scattered or emerging particles or in the energy of the projectile in the elastic channel. If differential cross sections are integrated and summed over the various reaction channels, one obtains the reaction cross section, if summed with inclusion of the elastic cross section, the total cross section.")
cnt(W2255,"A cross section in a flow regime where critical flow occurs, i.e. where the water stage is not affected by downstream water levels.")
cnt(W2257,"A cross-discipline of coal geology and geochemistry, which deals with the origin, evolution, composition, and properties of coal and minerals, trace elements in coal, and the relation of mineral deposits to coal, such as the derivation of oil from coal.")
cnt(W2259,"A crossing by a random process a certain given boundary (called up- and down-crossings in case of one-dimensional process).")
cnt(W2260,"a cross-linked polymer")
cnt(W2261,"A crossover operator in genetic algorithms which uses a predefined number of uniformly distributed crossover points and exchanges alternating segments between pairs of crossover points between the parent individuals. Cf. one-point crossover")
cnt(W2262,"A crossover operator in genetic algorithms, which was originally defined to work on binary strings. The uniform crossover operator exchanges each bit with a certain probability between the two parent individuals. The exchange probability typically has a value of one half, but other settings are possible. Cf. discrete recombination")
cnt(W2263,"A crossover operator tested in canonical genetic algorithms to explore the potential for self-adaptation of the number of crossover points and their positions. To achieve this, the vector of object variables is extended by a crossover mask, where a one bit indicates the position of a crossover point in the object variable part of the individual. The crossover mask itself is subject to recombination and mutation to allow for a self-adaptation of the crossover operator")
cnt(W2264,"A cross-sectionally averaged representation (of a flow process) in the longitudinal direction.")
cnt(W2265,"A crosswise reaction that bonds parallel chains in a complex chemical molecule (as a polymer).")
cnt(W2266,"A crowd of particles, the number of particles being sufficient for the statistical mean of any property to be independent of the number of particles present. The mass assumes a behaviour due to their interaction such that the assembly may be considered as a continuum. Particulate solids may be called bulk solids, granular solids or powder although, in certain contexts, these terms have different meanings from one another.")
cnt(W2267,"A cryptographic algorithm used to encrypt and decrypt messages.")
cnt(W2268,"A crystal of ice which falls to the earth surface from clouds.")
cnt(W2269,"A crystal or fragment thereof found within another crystal or glassy matrix")
cnt(W2270,"A crystal portion of the basic unit of cellulose. Its atoms form a perfect lattice, without strains or other imperfections.")
cnt(W2271,"A crystal structure having base-center cubic.")
cnt(W2272,"A crystaline toxic protein produced by certain bacteria.")
cnt(W2273,"A crystalline material in which some atoms of the parent material have been substituted by those of another material.")
cnt(W2274,"A crystalline solid formed by electrons.")
cnt(W2275,"A cultivated variety within a plant species that differs in some respect from the rest of the species.")
cnt(W2280,"A cultural group or society that is split by national or other jurisdictional boundaries.")
cnt(W2281,"A cultural method that provides essential nutrients and water to plants without solid media.")
cnt(W2282,"a cultural method when a non-flowering plant part (shoot, leaf, stem, root, etc.) is used for plant reproduction and multiplication.")
cnt(W2283,"a cultural orientation in which impersonality dominates in social relations:  this usually comes from a rational bureaucratic structure")
cnt(W2284,"a cultural orientation in which people put values on personal relations among family members, and it usually has problems in dealing with social events in impersonal contexts")
cnt(W2285,"a cultural orientation in which people understand the nature of the market system and the price involved in economic transaction:  it can be found in cultures that have a long history of capitalism")
cnt(W2286,"a cultural orientation in which personal and close relations among members are preferred, often accompanied by familism or collectivism")
cnt(W2287,"a cultural orientation that delegates power and authority to members who are in the lower position of organizational hierarchy")
cnt(W2288,"a cultural orientation that favors the expression of ideas among personal groups, and tends not to leave documents for future use or inspection; this can make it difficult to establish a knowledge database")
cnt(W2289,"a cultural orientation that has a high level of trust among members of an organization or society, which is hypothesized to lead to higher economic performance")
cnt(W2290,"a cultural orientation that has a low level of trust among members of an organization or society, which is hypothesized to make it hard to share and distribute knowledge between members of a group or organization")
cnt(W2291,"a cultural orientation that prefers to record or write down most events happening in organizational and social lives, which can be used for establishing an organizational knowledge database")
cnt(W2292,"a cultural orientation that prefers vertical social relations and tends to comply with the rules and commands given by high-ranking people with highest authority in a group or society")
cnt(W2293,"a cultural orientation to be cooperative in an organization or society which is often derived from open-mindedness among people")
cnt(W2294,"a cultural type characterized by open-mindedness and collaboration in social interaction, which is considered the opposite of closed culture")
cnt(W2295,"A culture based on the integration of the environment in every initiative. Within this framework, the cooperation of technology and the arts in environmental preservation is strongly encouraged.")
cnt(W2296,"A culture collection which has been recognized under the Budapest Treaty as a depository for micro-organisms included in intellectual property right protection (patent).")
cnt(W2297,"a culture in which less powerful members of organizations expect that power be distributed unequally")
cnt(W2298,"a culture in which people behave within a narrow range of groups, such as often appears in familism, collectivism, or personalized social relations")
cnt(W2299,"a culture of bacteria used to initiate a particular fermentation used generally in modern commercial manufacture of fermented foods (e.g. yoghurt, cheese).")
cnt(W2300,"a culture of cells/micro-organisms derived from one ampoule of the master cell bank and used to initiate the production batch.")
cnt(W2301,"A culture of microorganisms consisting of only one species, i.e. a monoculture.")
cnt(W2302,"A culture technique that starts with a small inoculum of cells that increase exponentially and then are completely harvested.")
cnt(W2303,"A culture technique where the turbidity of the solution is kept constant by the input of fresh medium.")
cnt(W2304,"A culture that does not totally deplete its resources, but which can maintain itself with its own resources.")
cnt(W2305,"a cumulative frequency curve that shows the percentage of time that specified discharges are equaled or exceeded.")
cnt(W2306,"a cumuliform cloud that produces precipitation.")
cnt(W2307,"A currency’s decline in exchange market value in a flexible exchange rate system.")
cnt(W2308,"A current in a large body of water that is accelerated by the balance between a pressure gradient and the turning effect that results from the earth’s rotation.")
cnt(W2309,"A current is made to flow in a gas, which results in a breakdown (ionization) of the neutral particles and a voltage that is nearly independent of the current.")
cnt(W2310,"A current that flows generally poleward, parallel to a continental coastline.")
cnt(W2311,"A currently popular concept which refers to an allegedly new mode of scientific knowledge production, marked by transdisciplinarity, heterogeneity, organizational heteronomy and transience, social accountability and reflexivity, and quality control which emphasizes context and use dependence. Its crucial feature is the amalgamation of scientific knowledge production with some local and specific context of application.")
cnt(W2312,"a curriculum planned and structured to ensure that learners return to key concepts and activities at regular intervals to extend their understanding and consolidate previous learning.")
cnt(W2313,"A curtain which is installed transversely in the surface layer of a reservoir to control the flow of the reservoir. It is a pollution control membrane hung from a float resembling a log boom placed on the surface of the water.")
cnt(W2314,"A curve drawn on a surface of a cylinder such that the distance between two points on the curve as measured along the cylinder axis is proportional to the rotation about the axis that is needed to travel from one point to the other. Many biologically active molecules adopt helical structures, either along their whole length such as collagen and DNA, or in local regions as often found in folded proteins.")
cnt(W2316,"A curve or line within a region.")
cnt(W2317,"A curve relating stress to rate of shear (i.e., rheogram).")
cnt(W2318,"A curve showing the probability of a correct response as a function of the trait being measured. A description of the relationship between the continuum of variation on the latent variable and the probability of selecting the keyed (i.e. correct) response.")
cnt(W2319,"A curve showing the sequential increment of detected species as the number of sampling occasions increases.")
cnt(W2320,"A curve that plots the reduction in unit manufacturing cost of a given product, typically as a function of accumulated production. Similar to a progress ratio, but typically at the industry level rather than the individual firm level.")
cnt(W2321,"A curve which shows the demand for energy in each hour of the year. A flat curve means that energy use is the same in each hour while a pointed curve implies a significant peak period. Some types of supply technologies may be more economic for meeting peak demand while others may be preferred for baseload.")
cnt(W2322,"A curve, equation, or table, that expresses the relation between the stage and the discharge in rivers at a given cross-section.")
cnt(W2323,"A curved airflow (wind) in the atmosphere around an atmospheric pressure center resulting from a budget between pressure-gradient force, Coriolis force, and centrifugal force.")
cnt(W2326,"A curvilinear volcanic belt that stretches from near the Kamchatka Peninsula across southern Alaska into the Yukon Territory, Canada. It forms in response to subduction of the Pacific plate underneath North America and the Bering Sea. It is part of the ""Ring of Fire"" around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.")
cnt(W2327,"A customs union that integrates Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay")
cnt(W2328,"A cut in the network having the minimum capacity.")
cnt(W2329,"A cut off wall of flexible concrete constructed in a trench cut through an embankment or the foundation.")
cnt(W2330,"A cycle that consists of four reversible thermodynamical processes to convert heat into work with maximum efficiency.")
cnt(W2331,"A cycle where all arcs are oriented in the same direction.")
cnt(W2332,"A cycles that passes through all the vertices.")
cnt(W2333,"A cyclic change of magnitude in electric field.")
cnt(W2334,"A cyclic five-membered ring of monosaccharides containing an oxygen atom.")
cnt(W2335,"A cyclical variation in solar activity with a period of ~11 years, measured by, for example, the number of sunspots. There is also a magnetic cycle of 22 years.")
cnt(W2336,"A cyclone in which energy for air movement is extracted from strong temperature differences between air masses (baroclinity). They develop at latitudes more than 30? north and south from the equator.")
cnt(W2337,"a cyclone with fixed dimensions related to the diameter of the cylindrical part, said to give efficient performance")
cnt(W2338,"A cylinder of vascular tissue in the roots and stems of plants.")
cnt(W2339,"A daily variation in Earth’s magnetic field arising from the Sun’s effect on the ionosphere.")
cnt(W2340,"A Dalton is the unit for the expression about the dimension of a molecule (MW; mw) , taking hydrogen (= 1 Da) as the simpler reference.")
cnt(W2341,"a dam above 15 m., and dams between 5 m and 15 m. impounding more than 3 million cubic meters.")
cnt(W2342,"A dam constructed across an estuary.")
cnt(W2343,"A dam constructed with both embankment and concrete portions.")
cnt(W2344,"a dam embanked with only earth material.")
cnt(W2345,"A dam is consisted with water stop panel supported buttress.")
cnt(W2346,"a dam or a lake used as a water supply.")
cnt(W2347,"a dam utilizing concrete compacted by roller.")
cnt(W2348,"A dark brown to black cementitious solid or semisolid in consistency, in which the predominant constituents are bitumens, which occur in nature as residue in the refining of petroleum. Petroleum asphalts are produced from crude oils by a variety of manufacturing methods.")
cnt(W2349,"A dark colored subsurface horizon which contains illuvial amorphous organic matter and aluminum, with or without iron, with a high pH-dependent charge, large surface area and high water retention.")
cnt(W2350,"A dark colored, extrusive igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium plagioclase and pyroxene. Extrusive equivalent of gabbro. See oceanic crust.")
cnt(W2351,"A dark grey sandstone, flecked with dark angular fragments of finer rock; formed by the hardening of deposits in ancient ocean basins; the major rock type of central New Zealand.")
cnt(W2352,"A dark silicate mineral of monoclinic and orthorhombic structures containing variable amount of calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, sodium oxides.")
cnt(W2354,"A dark-brown or black accumulation of semi-decomposed plant remains, e.g. mosses, sedges, trees, produced in a water-saturated environment such as a bog or fen.")
cnt(W2355,"A dark-colored ferro-magnesian mica.")
cnt(W2357,"A dark-coloured volcanic rock intermediate in composition between rhyolite and basalt; molten andesite flows slowly and eruptions usually feature both lave flows and tephra.")
cnt(W2358,"A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor occurring most commonly in the skin.")
cnt(W2359,"A data model specifies the constructs and the functionality that are supported by a DBMS.")
cnt(W2360,"A data model where geographic features are represented in a regular grid of cells.")
cnt(W2361,"A data model where geographic features are represented in the form of coordinates.")
cnt(W2362,"A data structure that allows fast access to data records. Database indices are organized into special file records which are stored together with the database data files. A database is thus said to have a data space and an index space, corresponding to the storage respectively occupied by data records and index records.")
cnt(W2363,"A data structure that describes a three-dimensional surface as a series of irregularly shaped triangle.")
cnt(W2364,"A data structure, organized as a matrix, where the rows correspond to the outcome categories of one variable and the columns to the outcome categories of another variable.")
cnt(W2365,"A data transmission technique using radio signals reflected off meteor trails.")
cnt(W2366,"A database containing organized factual data; these can be in the form of text, numbers, graphs, images, etc.")
cnt(W2367,"A database dealing with spatially referenced data. It is usually separated into a spatial component and a thematic component.")
cnt(W2368,"A database management system is a collection of programs that enables to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.")
cnt(W2369,"A database model that considers objects encapsulated in classes. With this paradigm, the only way to manipulate objects is through the methods associated with the classes. In other words, as with ADTs, the internal structure of the information is hidden to end users.")
cnt(W2370,"A database of annual toxic releases from certain manufacturers in the U.S. compiled from the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Section 313 reports. Manufacturers must report annually to EPA and the states the amounts of almost 350 toxic chemicals and 22 chemical categories that they release directly to air, water, or land, inject underground, or transfer to off-site facilities. EPA compiles these reports and makes the information available to the public under the ""Community Right-to-Know"" portion of the law.")
cnt(W2371,"A database query definable by a first-order formula built from atomic formulas, conjunctions, and existential quantification.")
cnt(W2372,"A database query language in which queries are expressed using the operations of Cartesian product, union, set-theoretic difference, projection, and selection applied to database relations.")
cnt(W2373,"A database query language that can express recursive queries using negation-free and function-free logic programs.")
cnt(W2374,"A database query language that is essentially the same as first-order logic.")
cnt(W2375,"A database with bibliographic descriptions, key words and abstracts; full text bibliographic databases store the whole document content.")
cnt(W2376,"A data-linking system of organizing and standardizing information on the Internet.")
cnt(W2377,"A data-transformation that standardizes a data set.")
cnt(W2378,"A DBMS able to handle spatial data types. Specific methods are considered in particular for modeling and storing spatial information as well as for querying and displaying it. A spatial DBMS is the kernel of a GIS.")
cnt(W2379,"a DBMS that handles spatial data changing over time.")
cnt(W2380,"a deadly disease of the intestinal tract.")
cnt(W2381,"A debt instrument.")
cnt(W2382,"a decay of a chemical junction into ions.")
cnt(W2383,"A decile is one tenth of the population. The bottom decile of the population ranked by income is the poorest ten percent of the population.")
cnt(W2384,"A decision at an early time that is influential in determining how a later decision in a similar case should be made.")
cnt(W2386,"A decision maker can cause the conflict to go from state k to q but not from q to k. In this decision maker’s directed graph there would be an arc joining state k to q with an arrowhead pointing in the direction of q.")
cnt(W2387,"A decision maker can cause the conflict to move from state k to q and also from q to k. In this decision maker’s directed graph, arcs joining these two states would have arrowheads to indicate movement in both directions.")
cnt(W2389,"A decision problem for which a “good” algorithm exists, where “good” algorithm means that the running time of the algorithm is bounded by some polynomial in the size of the input.")
cnt(W2390,"A decision problem for which no “good” algorithm exists, where “good” algorithm means that the running time of the algorithm is bounded by some polynomial in the size of the input.")
cnt(W2391,"A decision problem for which no algorithm exists (also called, unsolvable problem).")
cnt(W2392,"A decision problem formulated to find a best alternative.")
cnt(W2393,"A decision problem formulated to find a separation of the feasible set.")
cnt(W2394,"A decision problem formulated to rank the alternatives of the feasible set.")
cnt(W2395,"A decision problem in NP such that every problem in NP can be reduced to it via a many-one reduction computable in polynomial time.")
cnt(W2396,"A decision problem in P such that every problem in P can be reduced to it via a many-one reduction computable in logarithmic space.")
cnt(W2397,"A decision problem in which a decision maker must select the most desirable alternative for solving a problem or rank alternatives according to his or her preferences when each alternative is evaluated according to both quantitative and nonquantitative criteria (see Table 2 in Section 2.1 for deciding which car to buy). MODM is also commonly referred to as multiple criteria decision analysis and multiple criterion decision making.")
cnt(W2398,"A decision processes involving a sequence of decisions.")
cnt(W2399,"a decision rule according to which a decision is taken in the problem of testing hypotheses.")
cnt(W2400,"A decision rule or stability definition designed to reflect a decision maker’s behavior pattern under conflict.")
cnt(W2401,"A decision support system (user-friendly computer program) for supporting decisions made in negotiations.")
cnt(W2402,"A decision support system developed with a database that has a spatial dimension, or for situations in which the solution space of a problem has a spatial dimension.")
cnt(W2403,"A decision support system is designed to provide decision makers with a system to think with. DSSs are explicitly designed to: address ill-structured problems (where the decision maker’s objectives and the problem itself cannot be fully or precisely defined); have a powerful and easy to use interface; combine data and analytical models in flexible ways; help users to explore the solution space (the options open to them); support different decision-making styles, including the rapid assimilation of new capabilities in response to changing user needs; and support a process of problem-solving that is both interactive and recursive.")
cnt(W2404,"A decision support system that captures and utilizes an expert's knowledge and decision making logic.")
cnt(W2405,"A decision support system that utilizes both quantitative and qualitative techniques.")
cnt(W2406,"A decision tree consisting of at least one AND/OR node.")
cnt(W2408,"A decision tree that possesses only AND nodes.")
cnt(W2410,"A decision tree that possesses only OR nodes.")
cnt(W2412,"A decision which always carries to a fulfillment of a goal better than some level of tolerance.")
cnt(W2413,"A decision which carries, in some conditions, to the better fulfillment of a goal. According to these conditions, there are different types of optimallity.")
cnt(W2414,"A decision-making approach involving public, stakeholders, and decision makers, with the public playing a major role.")
cnt(W2415,"a decision-making process in which the objectives, alternative management approaches, and consequences of the alternatives are developed and presented iteratively between the decision makers and the analysts until the decision maker feels knowledgeable enough about the consequences to make a decision.")
cnt(W2416,"A decision-making strategy repeating four micro-steps fundamental to human information processing, including gathering, organizing, selecting, and reflecting on information, at each major (macro) step suitable for a decision problem at hand.")
cnt(W2417,"A decision-oriented disciplined inquiry that aims at the construction of a model that is an abstract representation of a future system.")
cnt(W2418,"A declarative programming language has its basis in a formal model with nice properties (such as mathematical functions in functional programming or Horn clauses in logic programming) rather than in a model of the underlying machine.")
cnt(W2419,"A decomposition pressure-temperature diagram on which a transfer direction of hydrogen in a metal hydride heat pump, and a relation between the pressure and the temperature at that time are shown.")
cnt(W2420,"A decorative panel product made with stone chips etc. embedded in cement and plastic resin, often used for kitchen tops.")
cnt(W2421,"A decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water.")
cnt(W2422,"A decrease in hydriding capacity; two kinds of degradation is existing, intrinsic degradation due to changes in crystal structure and extrinsic degradation cause by contamination of impurities in hydrogen.")
cnt(W2423,"A decrease in seismic-signal amplitude as waves propagate. Attenuation is caused by geometrical spreading of seismic-wave energy and by the scattering of seismic energy in different directions. The attenuation parameter, Q, is used in modeling.")
cnt(W2424,"A decrease in the amount and duration of a response or reaction, as an effect of the monotonous repetition of a stimulus or environmental change. The same effect produced by very small (almost imperceptible) changes of the stimulus intensity.")
cnt(W2425,"A decrease in the amount of switched charge with increasing polarization reversals, which will make the two polarization states indistinguishable after a large number of operation cycles.")
cnt(W2426,"a decrease in the density of bone, without atraumatic fracture")
cnt(W2428,"a decrease in the metabolic rhythm exhibited by certain organisms. It often implies a slow response to external stimuli.")
cnt(W2429,"a decrease in the number of platelets")
cnt(W2431,"A decrease in voltage to 0.1 and 0.9 times the nominal voltage for durations of 0.5 cycles to 1 minute.")
cnt(W2432,"A decrease of apparent viscosity under constant shear stress or shear rate followed by a gradual recovery when the stress or shear rate is removed. The effect is time-dependent.")
cnt(W2433,"A dedicated distance education institution, which offers multi-media courses through radio, TV, print, audio-visual materials and computer software. In February 1978, Deng Xiaoping approved the report on setting-up the TV school submitted by the former Education Ministry and the Central Broadcast Bureau, and at the national conference on education held in April 1978 he once more pointed out: ""Measures to speedily develop modern educational media such as TV and should be formulated, as quickly as possible"". After intense preparation, the China Central Radio & TV University (CCRTVU), together with twenty-eight Provincial TV Universities (PRTVU), were established in February 1979.")
cnt(W2434,"A deductive set consisting of a set of reflexivity axioms and two rules of inference (augmentation rule and transitivity rule) for reasoning about functional dependencies in databases.")
cnt(W2435,"a deductive, top-down method of analyzing system design and performance.")
cnt(W2436,"A deep and ""irrepresentable"" layer of the collective unconscious, the seat and root of the physiological mechanisms in which behavior patterns linked, in their turn, to archetypal structures originate.")
cnt(W2437,"A deep gorge on the sea floor, mainly on the continental shelf edge and the continental slope, which serves as a channel of sediment transportation from the continental shelf to the deep ocean floor.")
cnt(W2438,"A deep pump room adjacent to a wet well.")
cnt(W2439,"A deep valley along the crest of a mid-ocean ridge formed by opening of the sea floor which is caused by the tensional force due to the sea-floor spreading. The rift valley is the spreading center of the sea floor.")
cnt(W2440,"A deep-bed water filtration unit with synthetic buoyant filter medium")
cnt(W2441,"a deeply influential theory of phonology concerned with the hierarchical organization of distinctive features on their autonomous tier.")
cnt(W2442,"A defect found in welds where the weld has failed to fuse with the parent material.")
cnt(W2443,"A defect in a useful material, product or structure that adversely affects its ability to fulfil its intended function. Cracks, pores and inclusions are examples of structural defects.")
cnt(W2444,"A defense to a criminal charge that may prevent the state from convicting a defendant even though all elements of the offense are proven beyond a reasonable doubt.")
cnt(W2445,"A defined area on an airfield to load or unload passengers, mail, or cargo, fuel, park or maintain aircraft.")
cnt(W2446,"A defined area where aircraft can be held or bypassed for efficient movement.")
cnt(W2447,"a defined form, limited by geological structures. In the Pantanal case it is a basin (depression) bounded by fractures of older rocks, on top of which sediments were built up.")
cnt(W2448,"A defined path (for aircraft taxiing) that links parts of the airfield.")
cnt(W2449,"A defined rectangular area on a airfield for the landing and takeoff.")
cnt(W2450,"A definite stage and component in the development of all-world culture characterized by an acute, deep and all-out understanding of the paramount importance of environmental problems in today's life and the future of mankind.")
cnt(W2451,"A definition of moral principles that are considered to be shared ideals or goals to strive for by all archaeologists. Codes of archaeological ethics are intended as beacons for behavior and are thus not eternal and universal values.")
cnt(W2452,"A definition of stress associated with the deformed configuration.")
cnt(W2453,"A deformation in which at least part is non-recoverable.")
cnt(W2454,"A deformation, which accumulates with time.")
cnt(W2455,"A deformation, which disappears instantaneously once the forces, which cause it are removed.")
cnt(W2456,"A deformation, which is not recovered upon unloading and is therefore permanent.")
cnt(W2457,"A degradation in effective hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity in cycling.")
cnt(W2459,"A degraded form of ferritin used for iron storage")
cnt(W2460,"A degree of belief in the occurrence of a certain event.")
cnt(W2461,"A degree-granting institution of higher education; but particularly in the context of knowledge production, an institution that engages in research and research training.")
cnt(W2462,"A deliberate and relatively organized movement, often formed to change social systems.")
cnt(W2463,"A deliberate movement of wild animals from one part of their range to a different location.")
cnt(W2465,"A delta the shoreline of which protrudes seaward near the river mouth.")
cnt(W2466,"A delta the shoreline of which shows an arc or a part of an arc.")
cnt(W2467,"A demand driven process of satisfying a water need be it for energy, irrigation, domestic water supply or even flood control which is developed to serve a single objective and relying on construction technology as the means of evaluation.")
cnt(W2468,"A demand management practice whereby water is saved by more resource-conserving application methods (e.g. drip irrigation or water-saving household appliances).")
cnt(W2469,"A demand management practice whereby water resources are diverted to the type of production giving the highest economic returns (to higher-value crops in agriculture, and to industry and cities in competition with agriculture).")
cnt(W2470,"A democracy that is completed in a more perfect mood, because it involves a concept of morality in the behavior of the community and its members, and not only legality.")
cnt(W2471,"A dense current consisting of a mixture of sediment and water, flowing generally along the slopes of marine or lacustrine basins, and producing a characteristic association of clastic lithologies referred to as turbidite.")
cnt(W2473,"A density current, generally a highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flanks of volcano or along the surface of the ground: produced by the explosive disintegration of viscous lava in a volcanic crater.")
cnt(W2476,"A dependence of interserial correlation coefficients versus the distance between the centers of watersheds gravity.")
cnt(W2477,"A dependent variable.")
cnt(W2479,"A deposit formed by flowing or intrusion of lava or magma into water, ice, or water-saturated sediment prone consequent granulation or shattering into small angular fragments.")
cnt(W2481,"A deposit ice (white or opaque) formed by rapid freezing of super-cooled water droplets on exposed objects. It is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter and softer than glaze. Two types of rime are distinguished:soft and hard.")
cnt(W2482,"A deposit of fat circulating in the blood stream on the inner lining of arteries. These fats produce a yellow swelling on the arterial lining which is characteristic of the pathological condition known as athero-sclerosis.")
cnt(W2483,"A deposit of heavy minerals, such as gold and tin, in pure form in a stream bed.")
cnt(W2484,"A deposit of ice on the surface of the ground, ice or exposed structures produced by the freezing of periodically flowing natural or industrial waters.")
cnt(W2485,"A deposit of ice, which generally assumes the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans, and which forms on objects whose surface is sufficiently cooled, usually by a nocturnal radiation, to bring about the direct sublimation of the water vapor contained in the ambient air.")
cnt(W2486,"A deposit of sand found on the estuary side of an inlet and usually formed by tidal currents")
cnt(W2487,"A deposit of sand found on the seaward side of an inlet and usually formed by tidal currents")
cnt(W2488,"a depressed body is flattened dorsoventrally.")
cnt(W2489,"A depressed section of a gravity flow conduit used to cross a valley, river, or swale that would otherwise have to be bridged.")
cnt(W2490,"A depression in a limestone terrain that is formed by dissolution of the limestone, and into which a stream often runs.")
cnt(W2491,"A depression like a crater formed as a result of the strong explosive eruption.")
cnt(W2492,"A depression of the potentiometric surface in the shape of an inverted cone that develops around a well which is being pumped.")
cnt(W2493,"A depression, often conical in shape, formed at the surface because of subsidence, for example, by void migration or shaft collapse.")
cnt(W2494,"A depth- or width-averaged representation (of a flow process) in both the other lateral and the longitudinal directions.")
cnt(W2495,"a derivative of inter-molecular forces at the interface of two media.")
cnt(W2496,"A derived state of a character, but which is found in only a single taxon in the data set.")
cnt(W2497,"A desalination plant.")
cnt(W2498,"A desalination process utilizing an impressed voltage to separate saline ions.")
cnt(W2499,"A desalination process utilizing membranes subjected to very high counter-osmotic pressures.")
cnt(W2500,"A description is proximate if it describes the expected immediate physiological or other response to a sensory cue (or other type of information)")
cnt(W2501,"A description is ultimate if it describes the costs and benefits of a response to a sensory cue (or other type of information) in terms of its contribution to the evolutionary fitness of the organism")
cnt(W2502,"a description of a behavior in terms familiar to the observer; the outsider view.")
cnt(W2503,"A description of a research design used during an archaeological project.")
cnt(W2504,"A description of all aspects of the environment relevant to a decision maker.")
cnt(W2505,"A description of an institution or process that is given direction by following the results of research.")
cnt(W2506,"a description of behavior in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; the insider view.")
cnt(W2507,"A description of connection to the Internet.")
cnt(W2509,"A description of material property that is invariant to all directions.")
cnt(W2510,"A description of spatial dependence, primarily for intrinsically stationary spatial processes.")
cnt(W2512,"A description of the property of a system where the outcome of a motion is highly unpredictable due to a great sensitivity on the initial conditions.")
cnt(W2514,"A description, a representation of the outcome of design, organized as a model to the new system and its environment.")
cnt(W2515,"a description, often mathematical, of how human or biological populations change over time.")
cnt(W2516,"A descriptive method in which untrained or minimally trained panelists evaluate products using their own individual set of descriptors.")
cnt(W2517,"A descriptive process carried out following analyses of the job of the qualities actually required of a worker for the realization of a determined job, and of the conditions in which they are achieved. The job description is aimed at different uses. Among the most common are selection, employment, orientation, training, merit ratings, job evaluations.")
cnt(W2518,"a descriptive term referring to sedimentary structures which develop in mobile sediments on a river bed. The most well known are ‘ripples’ and ‘dunes’.")
cnt(W2519,"A design discipline concerned with building accessibility, broadly defined to include people of differing ages, genders, body types and physical abilities, as opposed to a historically more narrow focus on wheelchair accessibility and accommodation of visual impairments.")
cnt(W2520,"A design or study approach involving many technical and/or scientific disciplines. It is opposed to ‘inter-disciplinary’ in that it does not require that the various entities actually cooperate or professionally interact.")
cnt(W2521,"A design procedure where the required performance of structures is explicitly decided and the damage level of structures and their elements are controlled to satisfy the required performance.")
cnt(W2522,"A design that focuses on eco-efficiency, i.e. the simultaneous optimization with regard to economic and environmental efficiency within the context of an industrial (""river"") economy. Sufficiency strategies are not considered.")
cnt(W2523,"A designated area for civilians to receive humanitarian relief and, in theory, protection by external actors.")
cnt(W2524,"A designation given to those states that are not only predominant in the system in terms of their material resources and power, but also, by virtue of their position, have a special responsibility to behave in ways that preserve the stability of the system.")
cnt(W2525,"a designation under the US Endangered Species Act and other national endangered species laws for species that are at risk of becoming endangered and so meriting protection.")
cnt(W2526,"a desired order of jobs (processes, tasks, programs) execution.")
cnt(W2527,"A destructive rotatory storm appearing as a whirling, advancing funnel extending downward from cloud.")
cnt(W2528,"A detailed description of the population units that compose the population.")
cnt(W2529,"A detailed plan, which states the aggregates and items of government spending and revenue projected for the forthcoming financial year, with similar data for the present and previous financial years, and which requires the consent of and is enacted by the legislature.")
cnt(W2530,"a detailed program of preventive health practice with often consecutive medical infections in hospitals or clinics, which starts at birth and lasts to about age 10")
cnt(W2531,"a detailed statement of the likely environmental consequences of development projects. Under the National Environmental Policy Act, this refers to a document prepared according to a designated form and with specific requirements.")
cnt(W2532,"A detailed written procedure for a field and/or laboratory operation (e.g., sampling, analysis).")
cnt(W2533,"A detailed, systematic treatment of an entire genus or family.")
cnt(W2534,"a detector that compares the variation in heat conductivity of a gas stream to that of a reference stream of pure carrier gas.")
cnt(W2535,"A detergent that decreases the surface tension of water drops and thereby increases the area of contact between the solution and the leaves.")
cnt(W2536,"A determination of inhomogeneities in the mantle by measuring slight differences in the frequencies and velocities of seismic waves.")
cnt(W2537,"A determination that there is probable cause to believe that a suspect committed a crime.")
cnt(W2538,"A determinist system is predictable : this was defended by Laplace in his meeting with Napoleon : “God is not necessary : for me to know when and where an object is, it is enough to know the solution to the differential equation system”.")
cnt(W2539,"A deterministic aperiodic pattern highly sensitive to initial conditions that shows expansion of phase space volume (diversification), novelty (less recurrence than random copies), and nonrandom complexity. Bios exemplifies creative processes.")
cnt(W2541,"A deterministic or stochastic relation between a cause and the corresponding response.")
cnt(W2542,"A detrital sedimentary rock dominated by particles of sand size, with or without finer matrix.")
cnt(W2543,"A detrital sedimentary rock in which the proportions of clay and silt are approximately equal, lacking fine lamination.")
cnt(W2544,"A developed country is one that has high per capita GDP and has already realized industrialization. Such countries are sometimes referred to as “the north” or “northern countries” because most, but not all, of them are situated north of the equator.")
cnt(W2545,"A developed or proposed long- or short-term plan of activities for a forest region.")
cnt(W2546,"A developed stage of technical capability at a given time regarding products, processes, and services, based on the relevant consolidated findings of science, technology, and experience.")
cnt(W2547,"A developed version of TSI resulting, it is claimed, from a postmodern critique of TSI.")
cnt(W2548,"A developing country is generally one that has rid itself of colonial rule and become politically independent since World War II. Such countries are sometimes referred to as “the south” or “southern countries” because most, but not all, of them are situated south of the equator.")
cnt(W2549,"a development process that incorporates all-encompassing aspects of human beings at every stage of life.")
cnt(W2551,"A deviation from the zonal distribution (zonality) of hydrometeorological characteristics connected, as a rule, with the specific factors of the underlying surface.")
cnt(W2552,"A deviation to the norm of both languages which occurs in the speech of a bilingual speaker.")
cnt(W2553,"A device built into a dam or channel for draining or regulating the flow of water.")
cnt(W2554,"A device by which a liquid, solid, or gaseous sample is introduced into the mobile phase.")
cnt(W2555,"A device consisting of a plate with a machined circular sharp-edged hole inserted concentrically in a pipe between flanges, and used for creating a constriction resulting in a pressure differential across the orifice plate.")
cnt(W2556,"A device designed to deliver the mobile phase at a controlled flow-rate to the separation system. Pumps are generally used in liquid chromatography.")
cnt(W2557,"A device designed to measure some properties of a particle.")
cnt(W2558,"A device designed to select a narrow band of wavelengths out of the emission spectrum of the synchrotron. At visible or ultraviolet wavelengths this could be a ruled grating. At conventional x-ray wavelengths two successive Bragg reflections (see Bragg’s law) from identical parallel crystals allow the beam to be monochromated and emerge parallel to the incident beam direction.")
cnt(W2559,"A device employed by statisticians to avoid biased conclusions in experimental sciences from known or unknown sources.")
cnt(W2560,"A device for artificially extending the length of the human arm such that greater velocity can be imparted to a spear. Also called ""atl-atl.""")
cnt(W2561,"A device for converting a physical quantity, e.g., pressure, into an electrical signal")
cnt(W2562,"A device for distance measurement by indirectly measuring the time it takes electromagnetic signal to travel from one point to another and return.")
cnt(W2563,"A device for draining and regulating the water level of a pond.")
cnt(W2566,"A device for measuring roots in the field. An optical device, such as a video camera, is inserted into a transparent tube so that contact of roots with the tube can be counted, and a measure of density be obtained.")
cnt(W2567,"A device for measuring temperature, consisting of two adjoining wires composed of different metals or alloys, which respond to heat with electric tension.")
cnt(W2568,"a device for measuring the soil-water matrix potential in situ. It contains a porous ceramic cup connected through a water-filled tube to a manometer;vacuum gauge of pressure measuring device")
cnt(W2569,"A device for recording and storing data at preset time intervals.")
cnt(W2570,"a device for removing material or air from the flow")
cnt(W2571,"A device for time measurement and/or time display.")
cnt(W2572,"A device for transporting fluids using a rapidly rotating shape called an impeller within a casing. Fluids enter near the axis of the impeller and exit from the periphery of the casing, having been accelerated by the motion of the impeller. For a given impeller and casing at a given rotational rate, outlet pressure decreases as flow rate increases; this relation is shown on a head curve.")
cnt(W2573,"A device in high hydrostatic pressure equipment that intensifies the process liquid pressure using a large diameter low-pressure piston to drive a small diameter high-pressure piston. The ratio of intensification is directly proportional to the ratio of the area of the large diameter piston divided by the area of the small diameter piston. A ratio of 20:1 is commonly used in HHP equipment.")
cnt(W2574,"A device in which a fission chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled.")
cnt(W2575,"A device in which a jet, by entering a nozzle followed by an expanding section, creates a partial vacuum in the nozzle.")
cnt(W2577,"A device in which a liquid (usually water) looses a portion of its total head, and confers the equivalent energy to a rotor, which then drives a mechanical shaft.")
cnt(W2579,"A device in which air is mixed with a fuel and the mixture is then properly ignited. The resulting oxidization reactions of the fuel molecules (the net sum of which constitutes the higher heating value of that fuel) provide the energy necessary to raise the temperature of the air/combustion products mixture to very high temperatures (1700–2500°C, depending on fuel and fuel/air ratio). (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2580,"A device in which an optical fiber is used to transduce a change in an external physical or chemical parameter into a change in the properties of the light guided within the fiber.")
cnt(W2581,"A device in which hydrogen and oxygen combine without combustion to produce electricity in the presence of a catalyst.")
cnt(W2582,"A device inserted in a pipeline to improve the flow direction parallel to the axis.")
cnt(W2583,"A device inserted into a freshly poured mix, or attached to steel form-work to ensure proper densification of the concrete before setting.")
cnt(W2584,"A device of deciding on accepting or rejecting (alarm) a process by online sampling. Special types of control charts are CA (combined adaptive) chart, FSD (fixed sampling distance) chart, FSS ( fixed sample size) chart, VSD (variable sampling distance) chart, VSS(variable sample size) chart, CUSUM (cumulative sum) chart, FMA (finite moving average) charts, EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) chart. Performance indices of control charts are the ARL (average run length), i.e., the expected number of samples until a control chart signals an alarm, and the ATS (average time to signal), i.e., the expected time until a control chart signals an alarm.")
cnt(W2585,"A device of deciding on accepting or rejecting a lot by sampling inspection. CR   (consumer’s risk), LTPD (lot tolerance percent defective), PR (producer’s risk), AQL (acceptable quality limit) are design parameters of sampling plans.")
cnt(W2586,"A device or a structure, capable of stabilization of wind power device or fixing it against wind drift.")
cnt(W2588,"A device or a system acting upon the controlled system so it behaves in a desired manner, such as an inverter firing pulse controller.")
cnt(W2592,"A device or system to store heat in water that utilizes the energy of the sun.")
cnt(W2593,"A device orbiting the earth that iis capable of both sending and receiving television signals")
cnt(W2595,"A device that absorbs solar radiation on a flat surface without concentrating it to heat a medium, commonly water or air.")
cnt(W2596,"A device that allows for matching between motor speed and the requirements of a given application.")
cnt(W2597,"A device that allows for matching between motor speed and the requirements of a given application.")
cnt(W2598,"A device that consumes electrical energy, converting it into another useful form. For electrical load, the load voltage is the potential difference across the load, and the current passing through it is given by the ratio of the load voltage and impedance (Z) of the load.")
cnt(W2599,"A device that converts another type of energy into electrical energy. The power output of a generator is measured by the magnitude of current leaving, and its potential difference to ground voltage.")
cnt(W2600,"A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. There are DC motors, AC motors and special types of motor.")
cnt(W2603,"A device that converts flow rate and time to total volume.")
cnt(W2604,"A device that converts mechanical energy of a rotating shaft (produced by an engine or a turbine) into electricity.")
cnt(W2606,"A device that converts solar energy directly into electricity. Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect to generate a voltage when sunlight is the source of ionizing radiation.")
cnt(W2607,"A device that detects a signal that characterizes any physical process (pressure, temperature, electric or magnetic field etc.).")
cnt(W2608,"A device that enables an input signal to control power from a source independent of the signal and therefore is able to deliver an output signal which bears some relationship to, and is generally greater than, the input signal.")
cnt(W2609,"A device that examines an area or region point by point in a continuous systematic manner, repeatedly sweeping across until the entire area or region is covered.")
cnt(W2610,"A device that gives out electromagnetic radiation from a transmitter and receives and measures electromagnetic radiation backscatter.")
cnt(W2612,"A device that measures the altitude of an aircraft or satellite above the surface using the travel time of a laser beam.")
cnt(W2614,"A device that produces coherent radiation through the interaction of the electron beam in an undulator magnet with its own electromagnetic field. These devices are under development as future (“fourth generation”) sources. (See Undulator.)")
cnt(W2615,"A device that produces electricity directly from chemical reactions in a galvanic cell wherein the reactants are replenished.")
cnt(W2616,"A device that records fluctuations in water levels over time.")
cnt(W2617,"A device that removes particles from a gas stream (smoke) after combustion occurs. The ESP imparts an electrical charge to the particles, causing them to adhere to metal plates inside the precipitator. Rapping on the plates causes the particles to fall into a hopper for disposal.")
cnt(W2618,"A device that senses the terminal voltage and adjusts the field excitation so that the terminal voltage is maintained at the specified value. For a grid-connected synchronous machine, the AVR is used for reactive power control and to improve stability.")
cnt(W2619,"a device that separates a mixture of light into various wavelengths")
cnt(W2620,"A device that subjects materials placed inside it to moist heat (121°C) and pressure for preset periods. Used to render materials sterile.")
cnt(W2621,"A device that transfers heat from a cooler object to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process.")
cnt(W2622,"A device that uses centrifugal force to remove large particles from polluted air.")
cnt(W2623,"A device that uses the principle of amplification of electromagnetic waves by stimulated emission of radiation and operates in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet region.")
cnt(W2625,"a device that uses the thermal expansion of a gas to measure temperature.")
cnt(W2626,"A device through which a hot pressurized gas is expanded to yield shaft power. (See article AI in Process Design)")
cnt(W2627,"A device through which a hot pressurized vapor (usually water steam) is expanded to yield shaft power. (See articles AI in Process Design and AI in Component Design.)")
cnt(W2628,"A device to convert wave power into other types of energy, suitable for human needs.")
cnt(W2629,"A device to convert wave power into other types of energy, suitable for human needs.")
cnt(W2632,"A device to enable a sample to be positioned precisely in relation to the geometry of illumination and viewing.")
cnt(W2634,"A device to transfer heat from one medium to another. The media are typically gas and liquid, used in any combination (i.e., gas-to-gas, liquid-to-liquid, or gas-to-liquid).")
cnt(W2636,"A device used for charging a battery by drawing electricity from a DC voltage source, normally incorporating some form of regulator to prevent damage from overcharging.")
cnt(W2637,"A device used for realization of the time unit continuously operating for the realization of the time scale in accordance with the definition of the second and with an appropriately chosen origin.")
cnt(W2639,"A device used to condense a flow of steam, subtracting its latent heat of condensation by means of a flow of water or air. The pressure and the temperature in the condenser are related by the equilibrium relations, because the condensed water is at the saturation pressure corresponding to its temperature. (See article AI in Component Design.)")
cnt(W2640,"A device used to convert power of a working tool into end use power or power suitable for further conversion")
cnt(W2642,"A device used to demodulate a modulated signal.")
cnt(W2643,"A device used to discharge a bulk storage container in a controlled manner. Typical equipment for this purpose are screw feeders, belt conveyors, scraper type conveyors, vibratory feeders, table feeders, rotary valves and disc type feeders.")
cnt(W2644,"A device used to grow large amounts of bacteria in liquid culture. The device can generally hold more than 10 liters of liquid growth medium, has a heater to provide constant temperature, and has an agitator for aeration.")
cnt(W2645,"A device used to limit the voltage differences appearing in the equipment being protected. If the voltage across the surge arrestor reaches a pre-determined value the surge arrestor will breakdown to “clamp,” and hence limit, the voltage appearing to the equipment at a pre-determined value.")
cnt(W2646,"a device used to measure temperature.")
cnt(W2647,"A device used to pressurise the water coming from the Condenser so that it attains the same pressure required by the Boiler, plus friction losses. Usually a multi-stage centrifugal pump. In large Steam Plants, the Feedwater Pump is located immediately downstream (and underneath) of the Deaerator, and upstream of the high-pressure water Preheaters. ")
cnt(W2648,"A device used to pressurize a gas flow. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2650,"A device used to spread out the discharge to increase the mixing rate within the ambient. For example: a manifold with several discharge ports spread along its length.")
cnt(W2651,"A device used to thermally evaporate a flow of water, transforming it into steam, and then to superheat it, by means of heat transfer from a flame obtained by burning a proper fuel. In modern industrial boilers, the boiling water at high pressure (30–220 bars) flows through ""firewalls"" of tubes, welded together to increase the heat exchange surface. The superheated steam exits the boiler at 550–570° C. (See article AI in Process Design.)")
cnt(W2652,"A device used to transfer a certain amount of heat from a ""hot"" fluid to a ""cold"" one. This exchange can take place indirectly, through a metallic wall (shell-and-tube HE, cross-flow HE, compact HE, radiators, and so on), or by mixing (deaerators, attemperators). In the first case, the HE is said to be a contact HE; in the second case, a mixing HE. (See articles AI in Process Design and Expert Systems and Knowledge Acquisition.)")
cnt(W2654,"A device utilizing the delay between emitted and reflected sound impulses for charting the water depth from the either the surface or from the bed.")
cnt(W2655,"a device utilizing vortex action to remove sediment from a stream or flume")
cnt(W2656,"A device which accelerates charged atomic or subatomic particles to high energies.")
cnt(W2657,"A device which contains a catalyst, through which the exhaust flows.")
cnt(W2660,"A device, operating continuously, acting as an ignition source for hydrogen-fueled diesel engines.")
cnt(W2661,"A devise used to measure ground-water pressure head at a point in the subsurface.")
cnt(W2662,"A de-watered, reclaimed area lying below sea level, surrounded by an enclosing dike, and used for settlement.")
cnt(W2663,"A dextral strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates between Baja California, Mexico and the Mendocino Triple Junction in northern California.")
cnt(W2664,"A diagnostic technique in which cells or tissues on a slide are exposed to a solution that contains antigen-specific antibodies linked to a colored product (the stain). If antigen is present, the stained part of the cell or tissue can be visualized under the microscope.")
cnt(W2665,"A diagonal matrix with elements of vector (.) on the main diagonal")
cnt(W2666,"A diagram composed of pressure-composition isotherms")
cnt(W2667,"A diagram composed of pressure-composition isotherms for the metal-hydrogen system.")
cnt(W2668,"A diagram describing the state of a material at different temperatures and levels of plasticization by water.")
cnt(W2669,"A diagram in which rock or mineral samples are tested for isochroneity (contemporaneity); also, a straight line in that diagram, representing the age of contemporaneous samples")
cnt(W2670,"A diagram of a system, representing the units as connected by lines to each other and/or to the environment. Each line represents a stream of matter and/or energy.")
cnt(W2671,"A diagram of a system, which consists of the units and of lines connecting the units, which represent the relations between units or between the system and the environment, as they are established by the distribution of the unit functions.")
cnt(W2673,"A diagram of a thermal system, which consists of the components of the system and the streams of mater or energy connecting the components or the system with the environment.")
cnt(W2677,"A diagram showing the phylogenetic position of an organism relative to other organisms, based on DNA or protein sequence data.")
cnt(W2678,"A diagram showing the regions of existence of one or more phases as a function of pressure, temperature and composition.")
cnt(W2679,"a diagrammatic, non-parametric means of displaying the structure of a data distribution. In such a diagram (e.g. Figure 2), the central ""box"" contains the interquartile range of data, with a horizontal line marking the median. The ""whiskers"" show the extraquartile data, while squares and crosses show ""outlying"" data (defined by a statistical algorithm). The horizontal square parentheses mark the confidence interval on the median at the 95% level.")
cnt(W2680,"a dialect which comes to be codified in writing, and elevated over others which are structurally similar through privileged use and treatment in literacy-related institutions")
cnt(W2681,"A dialectic process of social interaction between similarities and differences arising from collective experiences.")
cnt(W2682,"a dialog is established between a decision-maker and a computer to find an acceptable compromise solution to a multiobjective or multicriterion problem- this corresponds to the presence of several conflicting objectives/criteria.")
cnt(W2683,"A dialogical process of engagement, negotiation, self-affirmation and validation between ‘Self and the social world.")
cnt(W2684,"A diesel fuel substitute derived from biologically-based fats, such as vegetable oils or beef tallow.")
cnt(W2685,"A difference in the distribution of isotopes of the same element in two chemical phases in mutual isotopic exchange. Isotopic fractionation takes place because the isotopes possess very slightly different physico-chemical characteristics due to their mass differences. Hence, isotopic fractionation is usually greater in light elements because the relative mass differences are greater.")
cnt(W2686,"A difference in values of a stochastic process between two time epochs. ?X (t) = X(t+?t) – X(t) represents the increment of stochastic process X over the time interval (t,t + ?t].")
cnt(W2688,"A differential equation in which some of the given functions are stochastic processes.")
cnt(W2689,"a differential-algebraic equation.")
cnt(W2690,"A difficult term to define. Descriptions such as complex information fail to distinguish between its codified (that is in formulas or patents or otherwise legally definable) and tacit (that is the informal manifestation in experiences, or culture) forms. Knowledge always has a social context in terms of its meaning, perceived value, and the interests it serves.")
cnt(W2691,"a diffluent glacier coming down to the sea; ice cliffs are formed as a result. The largest Eurasian ice caps are located in Iceland, Franz Josef Land, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya Island, Severnaya Zemlya Island, Bennett Island, Henriette Island, Jeannette Island, Victoria Island, Ushakov Island and Schmidt Island. The largest ice caps of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are on Baffin Land, Ellesmere Island, Devon Island, Axel–Heiberg, Melville Island, and Meighen Island.")
cnt(W2692,"A diffuse luminous light from dust particles concentrated in the ecliptics. It is visible only in the night sky. The brightness of the zodiacal light decreases with increasing distance from the Sun. Near the horizon at the end of twilight it is brighter than the brightest parts of the Milky Way.")
cnt(W2693,"a diffusible compound which accumulates in the surrounding medium during growth. When a critical concentration is reached, the molecule can induce gene expression. ")
cnt(W2695,"A digestive disorder of ruminants characterized by an excessive accumulation of gases in the rumen.")
cnt(W2696,"A digestive enzyme found in the small intestine that breaks proteins down into amino acids.")
cnt(W2697,"A digging tool with a sharp point at the end.")
cnt(W2698,"A digital camera with an on-board computer, also called as a intelligent camera.")
cnt(W2699,"a digital circuit that has three possible output states, namely 0, 1, and high-impedance. In the high-impedance state, the output is disabled and seems to be ""floating"" (that is, it does not affect and is not affected by any other signal applied to the corresponding terminal).")
cnt(W2700,"a digital compression method, allowing large audio files to be transmitted over the internet.")
cnt(W2701,"A digital representation (in raster format) of an orthoimage. An orthoimage is an aerial photograph or satellite image from which displacements caused by terrain relief and sensor tilt have been removed. The result combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.")
cnt(W2702,"A dilapidated shelter.")
cnt(W2703,"a dimension of national culture in which people from birth onwards are integrated into cohesive groups:  the opposite of individualism")
cnt(W2704,"a dimension of national culture in which the ties between individuals are loose: the opposite of collectivism")
cnt(W2705,"A dimensional expression of the electrical conductivity of a fluid.")
cnt(W2706,"a dimensionless expression equal to the velocity divided by the the product of the square root of the gravitational acceleration constant and the flow depth, Fr = v/    (gy).Fr = 1 for critical flow, where kinetic energy equals potential energy; and when less than 1 the flow is sub-critical, q.v., and when greater than 1 the flow is super-critical, q.v.")
cnt(W2707,"A dimensionless group of physical quantities, which represents the ratio of inertial to viscous forces. A high value represents turbulent flow conditions, while a low value implies that the flow is laminar or nearly laminar.")
cnt(W2708,"A dimensionless number that expresses a ratio between external and internal resistance to heat transfer in food.")
cnt(W2709,"A dimensionless number that relates the effectiveness of mass transport by advection to the effectiveness of mass transport by either dispersion or diffusion.")
cnt(W2710,"A dimensionless number which expresses the relative strength between the inertial force and viscous force of fluid.")
cnt(W2711,"A dimensionless number which governs stability of fluid with a temperature gradient imposed upon it")
cnt(W2712,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing closeness of runoff relation values:of two rivers, two slopes and rivers and slopes.")
cnt(W2713,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing river runoff variability with time. Numerically, it is equal to the ratio of the root-mean-square deviation to the average runoff for the time period in question.")
cnt(W2714,"a dimensionless parameter characterizing the runoff variability in time; it is equal numerically to the RMS deviation-to-the average runoff ratio over the time interval under consideration.")
cnt(W2715,"A dimensionless parameter that indicates the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in pipes.")
cnt(W2716,"A diminutive rectilinear agricultural plot outlined by water-retaining cobble margins used by the dry farming Native Americans of the U.S. southwest.")
cnt(W2717,"A Diophantine equation which, by choice of a parameter, will yield a definition of each Diophantine set.")
cnt(W2719,"A diphone is made up of two half-phonemes which together represent the transition between these two phonemes. For any given language, one needs about 2000 diphones to cover all possible phoneme transitions of that language.")
cnt(W2720,"A dipping zone of earthquake activity outlining the boundary of an oceanic plate subducting into the mantle.")
cnt(W2721,"a direct counting method in which only viable cells are counted. Viable counts can be accomplished by such techniques as: pour plating, spread plating, most probable number method.")
cnt(W2722,"A direct reaction means a fast reaction process. Only a small number of definite states of the target nucleus and/or of  the projectile is involved and gets excited or nucleons are transferred between the projectile and target.")
cnt(W2723,"A directed cycle of negative cost.")
cnt(W2725,"a directed graph with vertex set V and arc set E")
cnt(W2726,"A directed path between specified nodes having the minimum total cost.")
cnt(W2727,"A directed path between two specified nodes in which each arc has a positive residual capacity.")
cnt(W2728,"A directional change of vegetation and animal composition with time, excluding seasonal phenomena and fluctuations.")
cnt(W2729,"a directive is one of the binding acts which the Council and the Commission may adopt within the scope of secondary legislation. It shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each member state to which it is addressed, but shall leave the choice of form and methods to the national authorities.")
cnt(W2730,"A disabling force of informational technology that obscures reality.")
cnt(W2731,"A disaccharide, also known as malt sugar")
cnt(W2732,"A disaccharide, commonly known as cane-, beet-, or table sugar. It may be hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose")
cnt(W2733,"A disc, typically 20 cm in diameter with alternate white and black quadrants used to measure water transparency.")
cnt(W2734,"a discipline centered between tectonics and seismology to determine magnitude and timing of pre-historic earthquakes.")
cnt(W2735,"A discipline dealing with signs, symbols, and models and their meaningful interpretation.")
cnt(W2737,"A discipline for developing shared meaning among disparate groups of people; the art of thinking together; enables the emergence of genuine collective leadership; a leveler that can produce a deep shift in our understanding of the nature of power, that has the potential for transforming the power relationships between people, and that can transform repressive forms of hierarchy.")
cnt(W2739,"A discipline of geology dealing primarily with the chronological order and geographic distribution of rock layers (strata)")
cnt(W2740,"A discipline started by the British military in 1938 for scientifically studying realworld operational problems in a systematical manner. The Americans call the discipline Operations Research while many people simply refer to it as OR. Most formal models for decision making were developed in the field of OR.")
cnt(W2741,"A discipline studying the adverse effects of chemical compounds and environmental agents on human and animal health.")
cnt(W2744,"A discipline that focuses on the assessment and management of the social, economic and physical environmental conditions and human behaviors that promote, protect, or harm human health and well-being.")
cnt(W2745,"A discipline to study nutrient and food consumption patterns on disease occurrence.")
cnt(W2746,"A discipline to study the distributions and determinants of disease frequency in human population.")
cnt(W2747,"A discipline which mainly deals with the characteristics, origin, properties, and structure of minerals in coal.")
cnt(W2748,"A discipline with roots in industrial engineering and applied mathematics that attempts to model and rationalize the processes of many different organizations.")
cnt(W2750,"A discontinuity (usually an inclined plane) in the Earth’s crust.")
cnt(W2755,"A discontinuous genetic change that results in large phenotypic changes.")
cnt(W2756,"A discourse framework that provides a means of analyzing relations of domination and resistance within the changing political, economic and cultural landscapes of the modern world. They emphasize complexities and give voice to hybridized identities and border lives within the margins. Representing alternative realities in a plurality of narratives they seek to fracture universalist discourses of ‘truth’.")
cnt(W2757,"A discrete energy unit of light. Photons behave like waves or particles, depending on the experiment and observer.")
cnt(W2758,"A discrete place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water.")
cnt(W2760,"A discrete quantity of energy (or momentum, or angular momentum) in units that include the Planck          constant.")
cnt(W2761,"A discrete structure showing binary relations between elements of a set.  It can be drawn by using nodes to represent elements of the set and edges to represent the relations.")
cnt(W2762,"A discrete structure showing intersection property of geometric objects.")
cnt(W2764,"A disease caused by a bacterial spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinically there is a varied presentation, often fever, rash, and acute arthritis. Chronic sequella can occur. Usually the life cycle involves deer, deer mice, and ticks. Humans are accidental hosts when they come in contact with infected ticks in deer habitats. Because of predator–prey imbalances, deer populations are burgeoning in some parts of the world and human recreational activities frequently occur in areas heavily populated by deer, leading to an increase in the disease.")
cnt(W2765,"a disease caused by absence (or low activity) of lactose hydrolyzing enzyme in the digestive tract")
cnt(W2766,"A disease caused by an infectious organism, usually a microbe.")
cnt(W2767,"a disease caused by bacteria which live in lukewarm water and attack human respiratory organs")
cnt(W2768,"a disease caused by inadequate calcification of bones as a consequence of vitamin D deficiency")
cnt(W2770,"A disease due to nutritional deficiency of niacin.")
cnt(W2771,"A disease induced by parasitization by a rust fungus, characterized by periodic production of masses of orange-colored spores.")
cnt(W2774,"A disease producing microorganism.")
cnt(W2775,"A disease symptom characterized by rapid discoloration and death of all parts of a plant, e.g., chestnut blight.")
cnt(W2778,"A disease, usually caused by a fungus or nematode that interferes with water uptake or translocation, characterized by loss of rigidity or drooping of plant parts.")
cnt(W2779,"A disease, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food (including food), sometimes incorrectly referred to as ""food poisoning.""")
cnt(W2784,"A disease-causing microorganism.")
cnt(W2787,"A disinfection by-product generated in the course of reaction between humic substances and chlorine.")
cnt(W2789,"a disinfection process that reduces the potential of infectious disease.")
cnt(W2791,"A disk structure found around a young star. Planetary systems are formed from such disks. The solar nebula is one of such disks formed around the sun.")
cnt(W2792,"A disparity between a child's current desire and the desires of the child's parents where the desires of the parents are in relation to the socialization of the child.")
cnt(W2793,"A dispersion characteristic presents a numerical measure of the amount of spread of a random variable around some central point in its range.")
cnt(W2794,"A dispersion of particles or droplets having a distribution of sizes.")
cnt(W2795,"A dispersion of very fine grained (colloidal) matter [sol] is destabilized to yield a semi-rigid jellylike mixture [gel], from which powders, fibers, coatings, and so on can be won upon further processing involving a heating process.")
cnt(W2796,"A displaced fragment presumably from Mexico now exposed in Central America (Guatemala and Honduras). It has a pre-Carboniferous basement that may be as old as Precambrian or Cambrian and is overlain by a sedimentary succession.")
cnt(W2797,"A display of spatial distribution of crop yield, in form of a map, provided by combine harvesters equipped with GPS and yield monitors measuring harvested weights.")
cnt(W2798,"a disposal site for wastes. Advanced waste management and landfill concepts limit the range of acceptable wastes to non-reactive, immobilized and/or inorganic wastes.")
cnt(W2799,"a dispute resolution mechanism where, after a hearing at which all parties have had the opportunity to be heard, a neutral third party renders a binding or non-binding decision")
cnt(W2802,"a dispute-resolution procedure by which an individual, the mediator, assists the disputants at identifying and attaining a mutually satisfactory outcome")
cnt(W2804,"A disruption of the oceanatmosphere system in the tropical Pacific with important consequences for weather around the globe. Unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific characterize it. El Nio has caused large changes in biomass of several important fish stocks in particular the Pacific anchoveta. More information on El Nio is available at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/el-nino-story.html.")
cnt(W2805,"A distance or region around an environmental discharge where a prescribed elevated water temperature or pollutant concentration may exist. The size and limits are usually determined by regulatory agencies. For example: within a radial distance of 100 m from the discharge port, the water temperature can be 0.5 C higher than the ambient.")
cnt(W2806,"A distant relative of the horse and rhinoceros, the tapir is the largest Holocene game animal in South America. Tapirs are solitary rainforest animals, often found near streams and rivers.")
cnt(W2807,"A distillation or evaporation unit")
cnt(W2808,"A distinct family of fungal proteins defined on the basis of similarities in their amino acid sequences and immunological effects.")
cnt(W2809,"a distinct rise in stage, culminating in a crest and followed by recession to lower stages.")
cnt(W2810,"A distinct self-reproducing unit of individuals with little exchange of individuals and genetic information with other populations of the same species. A spatial closure of the life cycle in relation to ocean circulation is a prerequisite for establishing and maintaining a population.")
cnt(W2811,"A distinct, discrete place of pollution discharge. Point sources are not diffuse and can be identified with relative ease.")
cnt(W2812,"A distinct, three-dimensional unit of a protein, independently folded, and often performing a specific function.")
cnt(W2813,"A distinctive contrast between winter and summer temperatures.")
cnt(W2814,"A distinctive discipline that developed in the United States during the twentieth century, explicitly practiced as a form of anthropology. This kind of archaeology traditionally addressed prehistoric time periods, focusing upon the material remains of non-literate, non-self documented societies, wherever they may be found in the Americas or elsewhere.")
cnt(W2815,"a distinctive feature referring to the manner of articulation.")
cnt(W2816,"A distorted eddy wrapping itself around the upstream face of an obstacle in a stream (e.g., a bridge pier), causing erosion ahead of the base of the obstacle.")
cnt(W2817,"A distribution function is called continuous if there are no jumps in its graph.")
cnt(W2818,"A distribution function is said to be absolutely continuous if it can be presented as a left-tail area function of some other (related) function.")
cnt(W2819,"A distribution of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength (light spectrum), mass (mass spectrum), or frequency (sound spectrum). ")
cnt(W2820,"A distribution with two different values markedly more frequent than neighboring values.")
cnt(W2821,"A disturbance in Earth’s magnetic field caused by interaction of the solar wind, and disturbances therein, with Earth’s magnetic field.")
cnt(W2822,"a disturbance in rhythm, as in heart beat or breathing")
cnt(W2824,"A disturbance in the normal heart rhythm. Tachyarrhythmia is a disturbance where the heart rate rises up to 200…300 beats per minute, while in a bradyarrhythmia the heart rate is slowed.")
cnt(W2825,"A disturbance of the glacier surface including compressions and extensions periodically propagating down the glacier and manifested by alternate mounds and depressions in the glacier surface topography.")
cnt(W2826,"A disturbance or change in ecosystem composition, structure or function caused by humans.")
cnt(W2827,"A disturbance to a system that may be generated internally or by some external force or agent.")
cnt(W2828,"A ditch for transporting water.")
cnt(W2829,"A diverse group of citizens' organizations that are not affiliated with official governments. NGOs may function at the level of the community, the nation or the world. They include many self-help, medical relief, women's, environmental, human rights, watchdog and labor groups. NGOs may serve as consultants to government affiliated (bilateral and multilateral) organizations.")
cnt(W2830,"A diverse group of compounds including pigments, defense products and signalling molecules.")
cnt(W2831,"A diverse group of photosynthetic organisms (mostly single cells) with relatively small powers of locomotion capable of moving slower than most ocean currents (phyto = plant [Greek]); (plankton = wanderer [Greek]).")
cnt(W2833,"A division of complex process into simple (homogeneous) parts.")
cnt(W2834,"A division of geologic time that began nearly 325 million years (my) ago and ended 290 my ago; corresponds to Upper Carboniferous time in European geology.")
cnt(W2835,"A division of the space of interest into cells of uniform shape and size, arranged so that to each point of the modeled space there is a single corresponding cell. Regular tesselations with square cells correspond to images. If a discrete value is assigned to each square cell, the tesselation is a digital image.")
cnt(W2836,"A division of the United States Army that is responsible for almost all water-related transportation infrastructure in the United States. Users of Army Corps projects pay only nominal fees.")
cnt(W2837,"A DNA base sequence that controls gene expression.")
cnt(W2838,"A DNA fragment which allows, when expressed, the selection of the subset of cells that have integrated the DNA fragment into their genome.")
cnt(W2839,"A DNA molecule that has been constructed by combining DNA from different sources. Also called a chimera.")
cnt(W2840,"A DNA or isozyme of known location within the genome of an organism used to identify the location of genes and to characterize the genetic constitution of individuals.")
cnt(W2841,"A DNA sequence of known location within a genome of an organism and used in identification and isolation of genes.")
cnt(W2843,"A DNA sequence where a repressor of transcription may bind and inhibit the expression of a gene.")
cnt(W2844,"A Dobson unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness of ozone at standard temperature and pressure")
cnt(W2845,"A doctrine maintaining that the functions of living beings are due to an (immaterial) principle distinct from the known physico-chemical forms of energy.")
cnt(W2846,"A doctrine stating that states are the only legitimate and legal actors at the international level.")
cnt(W2847,"A doctrine that extant life evolved gradually from living entities of lower level of complexity.")
cnt(W2848,"A doctrine that holds that the rightness or wrongness of any action is a function of the goodness or badness that the action in question produces.")
cnt(W2849,"a document (a sort of manifesto) written by the French architect Le Corbusier at the International Congress for Modern Architecture, held in Athens (Greece) in 1933, aimed to establish what a city could be, its main purpose being to erase pedestrian urban life in European capitals. The European Council of Town Planners presented a New Charter of Athens in 2003, changing such a perspective.")
cnt(W2851,"A document containing an OGC consensus, computing-technology-dependent specification for application program interfaces and related technology based on the abstract specification or domain-specific extensions to the abstract specification provided by domain experts. Implementation specifications contain detailed software specifications for implementing parts of the OpenGIS Abstract Specification on particular distributed computing platforms such as OLE/COM and CORBA.")
cnt(W2852,"A document describing the anticipated environmental effects of a proposed development project or activity; typically required before a governmental authority grants permission for the project or activity to commence.")
cnt(W2853,"a document describing the commercial project of a firm, and containing detailed information about the construction of an irrigation system and financial analysis of economic activities with allowance for market conditions and inflation. It is oriented to potential investors.")
cnt(W2854,"A document giving ideas on how to reach the objectives of the HABITAT II conference.")
cnt(W2855,"A document prepared in accordance with the principles of HACCP to ensure control of hazards that are significant for food safety in the segment of the food chain under consideration.")
cnt(W2856,"A document provided by the manufacturer of a chemical which provides information on health hazards, appropriate precautions, handling, disposal, first aid, and other important details about the chemical.")
cnt(W2857,"A document providing binding legislative rules adopted by an authority.")
cnt(W2858,"A document providing binding legislative rules concerning the production, handling, distribution, storage, quality, and safety of foods, which is adopted by an authoritative body.")
cnt(W2860,"A document that captures the OGC member consensus on a computing technology independent specification for application program interfaces and related technology based on object-oriented concepts that describes an application environment for interoperable geoprocessing and geospatial data products. The abstract specification is that part of the OpenGIS specification created by the OGC Technical Committee to provide a high-level description of the functionality to be provided in OpenGIS implementation specification.")
cnt(W2861,"A document that describes, in narrative and with maps, an overall development concept including both present property uses as well as future land development plans.")
cnt(W2862,"A document that prescribes requirements to be fulfilled by a product or process")
cnt(W2863,"A document that recommends practices or procedures for the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, or utilization of equipment, structures, or products.")
cnt(W2864,"A document that specifies a technological area with a well-defined scope, by a formal standardization body and process.")
cnt(W2866,"A document usually prepared by a quantity surveyor which details the terms and conditions under which a contract is to be let, and itemises all works to enable a contractor to price the work for which he is bidding. The first main step in preparing a bill is the ""taking off"" or recording of dimensions from drawings or schedules of work.")
cnt(W2869,"A document, prepared by WEDO, that outlines a global plan of action for sustainability from a WED perspective.")
cnt(W2870,"A documented evaluation of the environmental significance of the environmental impacts of an organisation's activities, products and services (both existing and planned).")
cnt(W2871,"A domain independent framework of rules connected to form a very general inference engine with specific problem solving capabilities. A shell is used by implementing its ""reasoning"" on a set of specific (i.e., domain- and problem-oriented) knowledge added modularly to the knowledge base of the shell.")
cnt(W2873,"A domain is regarded as a continuum with respect to a specified extensive quantity (e.g., a continuum of mass),  if a value of the corresponding intensive quantity (e.g., mass density),  can be assigned to every point of that domain.")
cnt(W2874,"A domain is where a mathematical function (the independent and dependent variables x and y and maybe z and perhaps more) exists. In the frequency domain, the independent variable has been transformed from a distance such as miles (seconds in the case of seismic) to frequency like cycles/mile (a spatial frequency versus a temporal frequency like cycles/second). The dependent variables then become the strength and phase of that frequency. See also, Space Domain <http://www.igcworld.com/gm_glos.html>")
cnt(W2875,"a domain of an operator A.")
cnt(W2876,"A Domain of procaryotes, distinct from bacteria, circumscribed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence and a number of key cellular characteristics, namely, they lack peptidoglycan and possess branched-chain, ether-linked membrane lipids.")
cnt(W2877,"A Domain of procaryotes, distinct from the Archea, circumscribed on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence and a number of key cellular characteristics, namely, they possess peptidoglycan and straight-chain, ester-linked membrane lipids.")
cnt(W2879,"A domestic exchange rate of dollar in Russia.")
cnt(W2880,"A domestic scheme to control emissions where emission sources must hold permits equal to their level of emissions and the permits are tradable between sources. In the case of an international scheme involving different countries, the term quota is used instead of permits.")
cnt(W2881,"A dominant descriptive model of personality where a multitude of personality traits (within a variety of cultures) can be gathered into five broad, almost exhaustive, factors:neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness.")
cnt(W2882,"A dominating, leading city that is disproportionately larger than any other in the country.")
cnt(W2883,"a dormancy-breaking treatment of seeds in which they are kept at moist conditions for a prescribed time at room temperature (warm stratification) or in a refrigerator (cold stratification, if the release of dormancy is dependent on the fulfillment of a requirement for chilling).")
cnt(W2884,"A dormitory settlement within commuting distance of an urban workplace and in which more than 20% of the resident population are employed in towns or cities.")
cnt(W2885,"A dorsal extension (or diverticulum) of the gill chamber at the posterior part of the pharynx formed by the upward growth of the ventral part of the 5th gill slit behind the 5th epibranchial and supported below by an enlarged 4th epibranchial; it apparently developed independently in osteoglossiform, clupeiform, and ostariophysan fishes that feed on microorganisms (see, crumenal organ).")
cnt(W2886,"A dorsal rod, made of disc-like, turgid cells, that acts as a hydrostatic skeleton in Chordates.")
cnt(W2887,"A dorsal, rarely ventral, rayless fin of fatty tissue found in some groups of fishes (e.g., Salmoniformes, Argentinifomes, Myctophiformes).")
cnt(W2888,"A dosage of air pollution scientifically determined to prevent adverse human health effects.")
cnt(W2889,"A dose of a substance that has no effect in a long-term toxicological study with a sensitive animal species.")
cnt(W2890,"A dose response phenomenon characterized by either a U-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response depending on the end-point measured.")
cnt(W2891,"A dose stemming from absorption of ionizing radiation by the air. It corresponds to the total charge of ions of the same sign appearing in the air after complete slowing down of all secondary electrons, which were generated by the photons in a small air volume, divided by the air mass in the same volume. The unit Roentgen is used for measurements of exposure dose.")
cnt(W2892,"A dose-response estimation quantifies how a person’s health or and ecosystem responds to levels of exposure to a substance.")
cnt(W2893,"A double-moldboard plow used mainly where rainfall is limited. Listers are sometimes used to form ridges to reduce wind erosion.")
cnt(W2894,"A double-stranded nucleic acid that functions as the genetic material.")
cnt(W2895,"a draft environmental impact statement under the US. National Environmental Policy Act that is produced either as a prelude to a full impact statement or when the environmental risks of a project are deemed minor by its proponents.")
cnt(W2897,"A drama typically performed as a serial on television or radio and characterized by stock characters and situations, sentimentality and melodrama. The soap opera derives its name from originally having been sponsored by soap companies.")
cnt(W2898,"A dramatic increase in fertility rates and in the absolute number of births in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand during the period following World War II (1947–1961). The rapid decline in US fertility rates to record low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom is known as the baby bust.")
cnt(W2899,"a drawing protocol whose units have the same probability of selection.")
cnt(W2900,"A dredging pump with engine, installed in a pipeline, by which the pressure and the velocity of the soil/water mixture in the pipeline will be increased.")
cnt(W2901,"A dried seed of the coffee plant.")
cnt(W2903,"A drilled, vertical perforation in water bearing formations, suitably equipped for extracting water")
cnt(W2904,"A drilling assemblage of tubular goods, to rotate a bit at the bottom of the hole from the surface, which comprises of the kelly, the drill pipe, and drill collars.")
cnt(W2905,"a drop that remains liquid although its temperature falls below 0°C.")
cnt(W2906,"A drug for killing microorganisms by suppressing their reproduction or growth.")
cnt(W2908,"a drug for treatment of haemorrhoids.")
cnt(W2909,"A drug or chemical agent that cures or prevents a disease.")
cnt(W2910,"a drug that contracts blood vessels or skin surface, acting as an anti-inflammatory.")
cnt(W2911,"a drug that eliminates flatulence in the bowels.")
cnt(W2912,"a drug that stimulates digestion by increasing secretion of bile.")
cnt(W2913,"a drug that stimulates secretion of urine.")
cnt(W2914,"a drug that strengthens and balances heart activity.")
cnt(W2915,"a drug that strengthens the stomach, and stimulates appetite.")
cnt(W2916,"A dry and warm wind in the shelter of high mountains.")
cnt(W2917,"A dry as opposed to a mesic environment.")
cnt(W2918,"a dry, indehiscent, single-seeded fruit with a hard, woody pericarp.")
cnt(W2921,"a dry-heat process, in which the seeds are heated to 110-115 °C by infrared generators. This heat treatment causes internal expansion, not affecting the chemical composition, but producing some significant physical changes")
cnt(W2922,"A drying agent.")
cnt(W2923,"A drying process in which products from a dryer are removed while they are still hot (and not totally dry) and then they are cooled slowly without airflow.")
cnt(W2925,"A ductile deformation mechanisms that occurs after a certain threshold stress has been reached, but is thereafter independent of strain or strain rate. Materials like sand fractured rocks deform plastically on a large scale.")
cnt(W2926,"A durable good that generates services or goods, and can be used in production or consumption in a wide sense (including recreation). Economic or human-made capital comprises machines, land, labor and knowledge. Natural capital has been defined to cover natural resources, environment and nature (ecosystems). Total capital is sometimes defined as the sum of both types of capital.")
cnt(W2927,"A durable material made from compressed paper fibre or mineral fibre reinforced cement formed in a press. Usually used as cladding, roofing or tile backing.")
cnt(W2928,"A duty-oriented approach to ethics.")
cnt(W2936,"a dynamic equilibrium around which a population fluctuates, regulated by available space and the amount and quality of the available environmental resources.")
cnt(W2937,"a dynamic hypothesis of all the critical global relationships that cause the Earth's environmental crisis, which paradoxically may have no catastrophe-free solutions.")
cnt(W2938,"a dynamic interaction of L1 and L2 linguistic subsystems occurring in learner interlanguage.")
cnt(W2940,"a dynamic process referring to the ability to hold onto market share, and to innovate under constantly changing business and regulatory conditions. Firms of all sizes, together with governing bodies and other social groups, have to adapt to changing conditions, and also bring about change themselves.")
cnt(W2941,"A dynamic self-developing and self-regulating system at a global level: ""humankind-environment"" (of the whole planet). Its dynamic equilibrium must be ensured by the conscious responsibility of society. The same refers to the regional level with only one important difference; human cultures influencing regional level have not yet united into one common world culture.")
cnt(W2942,"A dynamic system on finite-dimensional linear spaces with linear dynamics.")
cnt(W2943,"A dynamic, associative network of nodes and links for organizing, relating, accessing, and sharing information.")
cnt(W2944,"a dynamical balance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis force on the flow; quasi-geostrophy describes a close approximation to geostrophy.")
cnt(W2945,"A dynamical structure which maintains itself while dissipating and also receiving energy. Such structures have been studied by I. Prigogine in the case of thermodynamical systems far from equilibrium.")
cnt(W2946,"a dynamical system exhibiting structures as emergent forms in far from thermodynamic equilibrium conditions (Prigogine); a dynamical system whose rate of change of redundancy is always positive as it becomes more ""organized"" (von Foerster).")
cnt(W2948,"A Dynamical System which can change autonomously its paths to its goal in order to being adapted to the changes of the environment.")
cnt(W2949,"a dynamical system whose future state is (not) entirely determined by its present state")
cnt(W2950,"a dynamical system whose states consist of infinite strings of symbols and whose dynamic is provided by some variant of shift operator")
cnt(W2953,"A enzyme variant that is linked to a specific phenotype.")
cnt(W2954,"A eukaryotic microorganism.")
cnt(W2955,"A evolutionarily derived character, an evolutionary novelty. An autapomorphy refers to a derived character unique for a single taxon, a synapomorphy refers to a shared derived characters possessed by at least two taxa.")
cnt(W2956,"A face of a polyhedron of maximal dimension not coinciding with the polyhedron itself.")
cnt(W2957,"A facilitated group technique designed to gather stakeholders and define and implement a prototype or components of a system in a rapid development environment.")
cnt(W2958,"A facility built for the ex-situ conservation of individuals (seeds), tissues or reproductive cells of plants or animals")
cnt(W2959,"A facility designed to receive the wastewater from domestic sources and to remove the materials that damage water quality and threaten public health and safety when discharged into receiving streams or bodies of water.")
cnt(W2960,"A facility for removing suspended solids, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and discharging treated water to rivers, lakes and seas.")
cnt(W2961,"A facility in which a syndicate of bank agree to underwrite (guarantee) the issue of short term securities (promissory notes) in the international money market. There is usually a pre-agreed margin over LIBOR.")
cnt(W2963,"A facility set up to pioneer the way for the production and distribution of a new energy source.")
cnt(W2964,"A facility that generates electricity by conversion of the energy of running water.")
cnt(W2965,"A facility that has taken control measures such that they reduce the levels of pollution caused by its activity to such an extent that this facility can now sell these extra reductions.")
cnt(W2966,"A facility that houses hens (female chickens) for egg production intended for human consumption.")
cnt(W2967,"a facility vested in the local authority and designed for the management of wastewater and/or septage generated by many households. Examples of possible facilities are")
cnt(W2968,"A facility with levels of pollutants over the set limits that must buy facility reductions from a selling company as a means of complying with the set limits.")
cnt(W2969,"A faction is a system of cooperation, often short-lived, of a number of leaders and their followers within a political party. Factions give play to intra-organizational competition among a party's leaders, yet preserve opportunities to negotiate and compromise. Usually informally organized, in some cases they are formal to the extent that they have names, officers, headquarters, and journals.")
cnt(W2970,"a factor applied to an observed or estimated toxic concentration or dose to arrive at a criterion or standard that is considered safe. Safety factor and uncertainty factor are often used synonymously.")
cnt(W2971,"A factor attached to the rate equation that takes into account the decrease of reaction rate due to the diffusional resistance within the pores of the catalytic particle.")
cnt(W2972,"a factor encouraging a potential recipient to seek change.")
cnt(W2973,"a factor external to the design (e.g. interest rate, fuel cost per pound, etc.")
cnt(W2974,"a factor swaying a potential recipient toward a particular technology.")
cnt(W2975,"A factorial design all of whose treatment combinations provide data.")
cnt(W2976,"A factorial design in which one or more treatment combinations are not used as the test condition.")
cnt(W2977,"A failure as a result of mechanical damage, fracture, fatigue and wear.")
cnt(W2979,"A failure to exercise ordinary, reasonable care under the circumstances.")
cnt(W2983,"A fairly stable set of ways for thinking, evaluating, judging and making decisions.")
cnt(W2984,"A fall in the free-market value of domestic currency in terms of foreign currency.")
cnt(W2985,"a fall on steep slopes of stone debris which was separated from the main rock mass by weathering.")
cnt(W2986,"A false dichotomy currently popular in European science policy circles which divides all knowledge production into the narrowly disciplinary (mode 1) or the expansively transdisciplinary (mode 2)—with the university being the excluded third possibility.")
cnt(W2987,"A family environment in which the needs of the child are chronically ignored and/or criticized by the parents in a manner that causes the child excessive and continual anxiety and anger. These parental responses to the child's needs are often subtle and disguised in contrast to acute parental physical and emotional abuse of the child.")
cnt(W2988,"a family of beetles (Order:Coleoptera)")
cnt(W2989,"a family of beetles (Order:Coleoptera).")
cnt(W2990,"a family of clay minerals of which montmorillonite is the most common type.")
cnt(W2991,"A family of compounds consisting in a carbon chain in which remaining keto groups occur at many of the alternate carbon atoms of the chain")
cnt(W2992,"A family of curves drawn in graph form in two-dimensional space describing for each curve a constant level of product obtainable from variable quantities of two factors such as labor and capital. Iso-quants slope downward from left to right and are normally convex upward indicating the increasing difficulty of substituting one factor for the other. Any one curve indicates a given level of production, with higher curves depicting greater outputs. If substitutability between the two factors were perfect the curves would appear as straight lines. Absence of any substitutability produces right-angled curves, meaning that the two factors must be used in strict proportionality.")
cnt(W2993,"A family of distributions with a special functional form.")
cnt(W2994,"A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone.")
cnt(W2995,"a family of marine flowering plants.")
cnt(W2996,"A family of medium molecular weight polysaccharides almost insoluble in water and also present in all plants; this family consists of a large number of polysaccharide types including xylans, xyloglucans, mannans, galactans and glucomannans and many distinct monosaccharides, such as ? -D-xylose and a-L-arabinose (C-5 sugars or pentoses), fucose and rhamnose (C-6 deoxysugars), ? -D-mannose, ? -D-glucose and ? -D-galactose (C-6 sugars or hexoses), with minor amounts of other sugars such as uronic acids.")
cnt(W2997,"A family of methods that describes an outcome variable in terms of a set of predictors.")
cnt(W2998,"a family of parasitic wasps (within the order Hymenoptera).")
cnt(W2999,"A family of plant hormones.")
cnt(W3000,"A family of political views for which individual liberties and rights are the most important goods.")
cnt(W3001,"A family of probability distributions or a mathematical model to describe non-deterministic phenomena.")
cnt(W3002,"A family of structurally complex (heterotrimeric) proteins that work as nanomachines, acting like molecular levers. Hundreds of cell-surface receptors for hormones and other ligands use G proteins to transduce intracellular signaling pathways.")
cnt(W3003,"A family of subsets of a set.")
cnt(W3005,"a family of true flies (Order:Diptera)")
cnt(W3006,"A famous 2 × 2 game in which each decision maker must decide whether or not to cooperate with the other (see Tables 3 and 4 in Section 2.2.2).")
cnt(W3007,"A farm which is held by a person who pays rent to occupy or use the land and its premises; distinguished from a landlord who owns the property.")
cnt(W3008,"A farming method, which employs a large amount of energy and resources to make each unit of land as productive as possible.")
cnt(W3009,"A farming system that involves growing one or a few domesticates for a long period of time in the same field without a fallow period.")
cnt(W3010,"A farming system that involves growing several plant domesticates in the same field for a short period of time in comparison to the length of time that the field lies fallow or out of production.")
cnt(W3011,"A fast storage location on the CPU that can be named by an instruction and is hence part of the hardware-software interface.")
cnt(W3012,"A fatal brain disease caused by an infection thought to be related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.")
cnt(W3013,"A fatty acid that cannot be synthesized in the body or that cannot be made in sufficient quantities for the body’s need")
cnt(W3014,"A fault-clearing cycle which involves a fast automatic closing of an overhead line by the breakers at its ends within 0.1 second after it was opened by the protection system. Reclosing is an effective emergency control measure, used on both HVAC and HVDC transmission lines")
cnt(W3015,"A feasible assignment of material that satisfies the mass balance and capacity constraints.")
cnt(W3016,"A feasible solution that optimizes the objective function.")
cnt(W3017,"A feasible solution that provides satisfactory or acceptable attainment of goals.")
cnt(W3018,"a feature in distinctive feature theory specifying a major area of articulation.")
cnt(W3019,"a feature of an item that provides the possibility, convenience and reliability to test it while manufactured, inspected, maintained and repaired.")
cnt(W3020,"A feature of an object (in particular, people) to move freely in geographical space, especially by the use of vehicles.")
cnt(W3021,"A feature of production technology where certain inputs are fixed and others are variable – output increases at a rate which is lower than the rate at which the use of variable inputs is expanded")
cnt(W3022,"a feature of stress-based rhythmic systems, achieved by the adjustment of segmental material in inter-stress stretches.")
cnt(W3023,"A feature of the earth’s surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area.")
cnt(W3024,"A feature or characteristic, such as color, that varies from one entity to another and that is taken into account in the differentiation of types. Individual manifestations of each variable are referred to as attributes. Thus, ""red"" is an attribute of the variable ""color.""")
cnt(W3025,"a feature referring to sounds in the articulation of which the glottis is spread, which is indicated in binary distinctive feature notation as ? ? sg? . Aspiration is perceived in speech as audible breath.")
cnt(W3026,"A feature resulting from different causal factors, both genetic and not genetic (e.g. environmental).")
cnt(W3027,"A feature where flattened particles, particularly of gravel size, show uniform orientation of their flat faces. These faces dip upstream.")
cnt(W3028,"A febrile disease of horses and humans that can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). VEE occurs in northern South America and Mexico and is caused by a togavirus (genus Alphavirus).")
cnt(W3029,"A fecal coliform bacterium indicating unsafe water, if present.")
cnt(W3030,"A federal corporation establishment by the TVA Act in 1933 to carry out a comprehensive resource development in the Tennessee River. TVA represented a new administrative approach in the multi-purpose development of the Tennessee River. To regulate the flow of the Tennessee, TVA has completed more than 20 dams and reservoirs.")
cnt(W3032,"a federal entitlement program that provided substantial income and educational benefits for all veterans of the Second World War.")
cnt(W3033,"a federal program that entitled foreign nations to receive gifts of US dollars that enabled foreigners to buy American exports in excess of what they earned from selling goods and services to US residents.")
cnt(W3034,"A fee collected from travelers in return for the right to use a transportation right-of-way. Modern highways are often referred to as ""freeways"" because they are free in that no toll is charged for their use.")
cnt(W3035,"a feedback loop that balances, counteracts an initial change in any of its variables. It produces a goal-seeking behavior.")
cnt(W3036,"a feedback loop that reinforces, compounds an initial change in any of its variables. It produces an exponentially growing or collapsing behavior.")
cnt(W3037,"A feeding strategy that involves ""planting"" microbes on sediment and subsequently feeding on the bacterial build-up.")
cnt(W3038,"A feeling of being hidden in a group to the point where people do not perceive themselves as individuals.")
cnt(W3039,"A felling made during the life of a stand to improve its features, in an immature stand to accelerate diameter growth, or to improve the form and stability of the remaining trees.")
cnt(W3040,"A feminist ethic based on the gender-related propensity of women to take care of others, especially children.")
cnt(W3041,"A fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium")
cnt(W3043,"A few very big firms producing almost similar goods or slightly differentiated products where the firms’ output or price decisions depend on strategic interactions.")
cnt(W3044,"A fiber formed from a solution of a natural polymer or of a chemical derivative of a natural polymer and having the same chemical constitution as the natural polymer from which the solution or derivative was made.")
cnt(W3045,"A fiber manufactured from a polymer built up from chemical elements or compounds, in contrast to fibers made from naturally occurring fiber-forming polymers.")
cnt(W3046,"A fiber occurring in nature.")
cnt(W3047,"A fiber of limited and relatively short length.")
cnt(W3048,"A fiber that does not occur in nature, although the material of which it is composed may occur naturally.")
cnt(W3050,"A fictitious system that contains all the components that might be present in the real system, which results from the optimization procedure.")
cnt(W3051,"A fictitious unit, which represents distribution of the function of a unit to more than one unit.")
cnt(W3052,"A fictitious unit, which represents merging of the functions of two or more units.")
cnt(W3056,"A field of any nature that value is perfectly the same in a specified region. Uniform magnetic field must retain not only its absolute value but also a direction. Lines of force of a uniform magnetic field are all parallel straight lines. Practical realization of the perfectly uniform magnetic field which can be desirable for some devices can involve rather intricate configurations but can not be realized with absolute precision. The field might be considered uniform to a certain degree if its values fit into some prescribed limits.")
cnt(W3057,"A field of applied sciences ""concerned with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate man–machine systems, usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resources"" (Operations Research Society of America, 1977); partly used as synonym for Management Science.")
cnt(W3058,"A field of computing science devoted to creating software and hardware that imitates human reasoning.")
cnt(W3059,"A field of engineering concerned with application of the physics and biology sciences in the transformation of foods from raw agricultural commodities into sensory-pleasing, nutritious, safe, and convenient-to-use foods.")
cnt(W3060,"A field of psychology focused on understanding how individuals actually do make decisions, in light of an understanding of how a fully rational person would make decisions.")
cnt(W3061,"A field of science and technology that deals with the assessment, study, use, and preservation of water resources, as well as with the mitigation of negative effects of water in the environment.")
cnt(W3062,"A field of study applying a wide range of formal mathematical models to analyze many different kinds of games or conflicts.")
cnt(W3065,"A field of study that focuses on the examination of non-human animal behavior in the natural setting.")
cnt(W3066,"A field which obeys a differential equation known as Laplace's Equation. Gravity and magnetic fields are both vector potential fields.")
cnt(W3067,"A figure for the amount of capital that can be invested in a project determined by a formula containing operating cost, income projections, cost of borrowing etc.")
cnt(W3068,"a figure in the shape of a branching set of lines its terminal or intermediate parts corresponding with given objects (species, populations, individuals) thus describing their degree of affinities or their phylogeny.")
cnt(W3069,"A figure in which any of its parts is similar to the whole. It is defines as ‘anti-similar’ and can have an abstract (Cantor, Koch, etc.) and specific origin (clouds, mountains, rivers, cities, flowers, lungs, nervous system, etc.). Strange attractors are fractals : but not all fractals are strange attractors.")
cnt(W3070,"a filament like structure in the gastrovascular cavity of a polyp.")
cnt(W3071,"A file for the digital cartographic representation of the surface of the Earth with terrain elevations recorded at the intersections of a fine grid. It is organized by quadrangle to be the digital equivalent of the elevation data on a topographic base map. Digital terrain model (DTM) is often used synonymously with DEM")
cnt(W3072,"A file including records showing who has accessed a system and what operations he/she has performed during a given period of time.")
cnt(W3073,"A film composed of living organisms")
cnt(W3074,"A film made of a solid polymer such as Nafion is proton conducting, and is applied, as an electrolyte, to a highly efficient water electrolyzer and a fuel cell.")
cnt(W3075,"a film made up of high concentrations of bacteria")
cnt(W3076,"A film sensitive to all wavelengths within the visible spectrum.")
cnt(W3077,"A filter that rejects a single frequency")
cnt(W3079,"A financial and industrial group.")
cnt(W3080,"A financial cooperative.")
cnt(W3081,"a financial effect of economic activities, determined as the difference between the price obtained for services and the cost of their production.")
cnt(W3082,"A financial facility established in 1980 in the Lomé II convention for the supporting of mining development in ACP countries.")
cnt(W3083,"A financial facility in the Lomé Convention for the compensation of export earning losses of ACP countries in agricultural commodity trade.")
cnt(W3084,"A financial intermediary that does act as a principal in the transactions in which it is involved.")
cnt(W3085,"A financial intermediary that processes information and sells it but does not act as a principal in the transactions in which it is involved.")
cnt(W3086,"A financial mechanism being specially established for the implementation of the CCD and hosted by IFAD.")
cnt(W3087,"a financial transfer resulting from government policy that benefits a particular industry, sector or activity.")
cnt(W3088,"A finding that a defendant is guilty of a criminal offense.")
cnt(W3089,"A fine, gentle rain with water drops of less than two hundredths of an inch in diameter usually falling from stratus clouds and accompanied by fog and poor visibility.")
cnt(W3090,"A fine-grained metamorphic rock that forms at the contact of an igneous intrusion.")
cnt(W3091,"A fine-grained sedimentary rock containing insoluble organic matter that will yield substantial amounts of combustible fluids upon destructive distillation.")
cnt(W3092,"A fine-grained volcanic rock of the same composition as granite.")
cnt(W3093,"A fine-grained volcanic rock with similar composition to that of andesite but having a less calcic feldspar.")
cnt(W3096,"A fine-to-medium grained basic igneous rock, commonly found in dykes and sills, which primarily consists of plagioclase and pyoxene minerals.")
cnt(W3097,"A finishing technique to render concrete surfaces flush by means of straight edges.")
cnt(W3099,"A finite discrete structure describing the topology of a spatial dataset.")
cnt(W3100,"A finite disjunction in which each disjunct is a propositional variable or a negated propositional variable.")
cnt(W3101,"A finite duration, intensive program to measure, evaluate, and report the quality of the environment for a specific purpose.")
cnt(W3102,"a finite or infinite system of functions such that all functions are normed and any two functions are orthogonal. ")
cnt(W3103,"A finite sequence of finite relations (tables) with specified names for the coordinates of each relation.")
cnt(W3104,"A finite set of clear and unambiguous elementary instructions that accomplish a particular task.")
cnt(W3106,"a finite value of particle diameter above which collection efficiency is 100%")
cnt(W3107,"A finite-dimensional linear system together with a parameterization.")
cnt(W3108,"A finitely additive measure such that every subset of I has measure 0 or 1.")
cnt(W3109,"A finned tube heat exchanger used to recover heat from boiler flue gases to preheat feedwater.")
cnt(W3110,"A fire burning with such size and intensity that its behavior is determined by interactions between its own convection column and weather conditions, usually burning >100 ha.")
cnt(W3111,"A fire management system that, in the context of specific strategic resource management objectives, a sound knowledge base, and accurate current information, utilizes all suitable tactics to control or exploit fire to preserve or promote productivity and sustainability of a forest ecosystem.")
cnt(W3112,"A fire play that gives a bright light of many colors, generally used in parties at the end of the year. People must keep the artifact in hand, like a candle, and never throw it to the ceiling or to another person because it produces fire flames.")
cnt(W3113,"A fire set along the inner edge of a control line to consume the fuel in the path of a forest fire or to change the direction of force of the fire's convection column.")
cnt(W3114,"A fire that advances through the crowns of trees more or less independently of the surface fire.")
cnt(W3115,"A fire that burns only surface litter, loose debris and small vegetation on the forest floor. Sometimes incorrectly synonymized with ground fire, that also burns the organic material in the soil.")
cnt(W3116,"A firm domiciled in one abating country cam claim domestic emission credits for emission reduction projects undertaken in other abating (and possibly non-abating) economies.")
cnt(W3117,"A firm that has computers directly linked to the Internet high speed and that offers others a means of access to the Internet.")
cnt(W3118,"A firm that is the sole supplier of a good or service for which there is a downward sloping demand curve.")
cnt(W3119,"A firm within an industry enjoys the benefits of bigger scale of production when the expansion of production happens outside the firm, but within the industry.")
cnt(W3120,"A first order formula all of whose quantifiers are existential and occur at the beginning.")
cnt(W3121,"A first order formula all of whose quantifiers are universal and occur at the beginning.")
cnt(W3122,"A first order formula built from atomic formulas using bounded quantifiers and the logical connectives “and”, “or”.")
cnt(W3123,"A first order formula built from atomic formulas using quantifiers and the logical connectives “and”, “or”.")
cnt(W3124,"A first order structure elementarily embeddable in every model of its complete theory.")
cnt(W3125,"A first stage of decision-making about the organization of the society, in which individuals are unaware of their subsequent economic status.")
cnt(W3126,"A first-order formula built from atomic formulas and negated atomic formulas using disjunctions, conjunctions, and existential quantification.")
cnt(W3127,"A fish species living on or above the continental shelf.")
cnt(W3128,"A fish species living on or near the bottom.")
cnt(W3129,"A fisheries management term meaning the number of adult fish that escape the fishery and other predation to swim back to the home rivers for spawning.")
cnt(W3130,"A fishery whose catches are consumed by fisherfolks and their relatives only.")
cnt(W3131,"A fishery whose catches are predominantly sold.")
cnt(W3132,"A fishing gear consisting of a net of large surface used for surrounding and hauling schools of pelagic fishes.")
cnt(W3133,"a fishing method in which a conical net is dragged along the seabed.")
cnt(W3134,"A fishing method using a net suspended in the water in such manner that fish are caught by their gills while passing through it.")
cnt(W3135,"A fishing method using a surround net that is set so as to encircle a school of fish. The bottom of the net is then pulled closed.")
cnt(W3136,"A fishing operation in which a particular fishing gear and method are applied to a target stock.")
cnt(W3137,"A fissile isotope of uranium constituting 0.7% of all naturally occurring uranium.")
cnt(W3138,"A fission reaction maintained because neutrons released by the splitting of some nuclei proceed to split others, releasing more neutrons, in such a way that the reaction is maintained indefinitely. Also known as nuclear reaction chain.")
cnt(W3140,"A five-carbon unit having an isopentyl backbone.")
cnt(W3141,"A fixed aggregate payment to a health care provider for services rendered during a specific period.")
cnt(W3142,"a fixed amount to pay.")
cnt(W3143,"a fixed frame of reference to track the movement of pollutants")
cnt(W3144,"A fixed network of spatial locations.")
cnt(W3145,"A fixed or mobile device or structure, receiving forces from wind waves and converting it into different types of energy.")
cnt(W3147,"A fixed per-person payment to a health care provider.")
cnt(W3148,"A fixed price at which an asset may be bought or sold.")
cnt(W3149,"A fixed rate at which a buyer wants to substitute a good for the other good.")
cnt(W3150,"A fixed reference point of known elevation left while undertaking a survey. Has to be permanent, so they are often found at the base of buildings. A datum is any fixed level to which other levels can be referred.")
cnt(W3151,"A fixed relationship, usually nonlinear, between the water level or stage and the discharge or rate of flow for a free-surface flow channel.")
cnt(W3152,"A flagella-like structure found in the Prymnesiophyta. They are highly variable in length, on some species they are much longer than the flagella. Possibly used for attaching to some surface.")
cnt(W3153,"a flap-like structure covering the gills.")
cnt(W3154,"A flare that, as it burns, produces glaciogenic or hygroscopic particles.")
cnt(W3155,"A flat body of running water, more or less charged with sediments, expanding over large areas with great kinetic energy, often as a short-duration rare event in an arid region.")
cnt(W3156,"A flat mirror, which is tracked so that it reflects the solar radiation falling on it onto a central receiver.")
cnt(W3157,"A flat region or valley floor surrounding a stream channel, formed by meandering and sediment deposition, into which the stream overflows during flooding.")
cnt(W3158,"a flat tray used in young plant production, composed of small conical plant containers (in fact, these are the ""plugs"" or growing cells) each of 1-3 cm diameter and able to hold a plantlet.")
cnt(W3159,"A flat-bed cart pulled by a cycle, usually pedaled, but sometimes fitted with a small motor.")
cnt(W3160,"A flattened, elongated body that is almost a sphere but not quite. This is the shape that is often used to describe the figure of planets and major satellites. The centrifugal force caused by the planet’s rotation causes the flattening, which depends on the rotation rate and on the mass distribution in the interior (more formally, on the major moments of inertia).")
cnt(W3161,"a fleshy, simple fruit developed from one or more carpels with many seeds and a thin exocarp covering a watery mesocarp. A tomato is a berry.")
cnt(W3165,"A Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container,")
cnt(W3166,"A flexible or rigid barrier inserted into, and spanning over, a construction joint, for ensuring water tightness.")
cnt(W3168,"A floating ice sheet of great horizontal extent attached to a coast. Some of its areas may be aground.")
cnt(W3169,"A floating layer of coagulated floc resting on clarified water, due to aeration.")
cnt(W3170,"A floating life habit.")
cnt(W3171,"a flood event of short duration with a rapidly rising flood wave and a rapidly rising water level.")
cnt(W3177,"A flood-plain landform; extensive, marshy, or swampy, depressed areas of flood plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces.")
cnt(W3178,"A floor consisting of alternating slats or strips of wood, metal, plastic or concrete and openings. All slatted floors are slotted floors, but not all slotted floors are slatted.")
cnt(W3179,"A floor isolated from the main support platform by soft materials")
cnt(W3180,"A floor used for separating the seeds from the stem of cereals.")
cnt(W3181,"A flow channel that develops within a static mass of bulk material during discharge that is replenished from the surface layers of the stored material by way of drained repose.")
cnt(W3182,"A flow configuration that is imposed on the primary flow of a fluid through the action of friction at the boundary.")
cnt(W3184,"A flow in the network having the maximum value.")
cnt(W3185,"A flow in the network having the minimum cost.")
cnt(W3186,"A flow measuring structure for open canals developed by R. L. Parshall in America.")
cnt(W3188,"A flow of clay-with-dust mass mixed with fragments of rocks.")
cnt(W3189,"A flow of mud occurring during volcanic eruptions as a result 0f a sudden emptying of crater lakes or the active melting of snow and ice on the slopes.")
cnt(W3190,"A flow of mud occurring during volcanic eruptions as a result of a sudden emptying of crater lakes or the active melting of snow and ice on the slopes.")
cnt(W3191,"A flow of particles -  mainly electrons and protons -   from the Sun into interplanetary space, which carries with it the interplanetary magnetic field.")
cnt(W3192,"A flow of water.")
cnt(W3193,"A flow pattern in which the entire contents of storage are mobilised to flow when discharge takes place from a bulk storage container. It is characterised by the fact that no stagnant zones are present during discharge when flow is fully mobilised. Slip essentially occurs on all wall contact surfaces.")
cnt(W3194,"A flow pattern in which, if a band of dye were introduced into a flowing stream, it would move as a distinct band.")
cnt(W3195,"A flow wherein two or more phases move together at the same velocity.")
cnt(W3196,"A flow without turbulence.")
cnt(W3197,"A flower of a cereal crop which produce grain on fertilization.")
cnt(W3198,"a flowering disorder in carnation, when too many petals are formed and hence the calyx can not hold them together and brakes (splits).")
cnt(W3199,"A flowering plant belonging to the family Loranthaceae, which is parasitic on trees. See dwarf mistletoe.")
cnt(W3200,"a flower-leaf.")
cnt(W3201,"A flow-generated body of soft sediment on a flat bottom.")
cnt(W3202,"A flowing mixture of mud and water rapidly moving downslope; downslope movement of mud or stones (debris flow). Mudflows have a great destructive capacity.")
cnt(W3203,"A flowing turbulent stream within an ambient body of water that contains an elevated temperature or concentration.")
cnt(W3204,"A flow-measuring installation in a river or stream; free surface flow measurement in nature.")
cnt(W3205,"A fluctuating function of one or more independent variables that carries information")
cnt(W3207,"A fluid (water, for example) in which shear flow is proportional to shear stress.")
cnt(W3208,"A fluid at conditions above its critical pressure and temperature.")
cnt(W3209,"A fluid at conditions below its critical pressure and temperature.")
cnt(W3211,"A fluid produced by degradation of waste within a landfill.")
cnt(W3213,"A fluid showing elastic as well as viscous properties.")
cnt(W3214,"A fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity.")
cnt(W3216,"A fluid that is not reduced in volume by an increase in pressure.")
cnt(W3217,"A fluid that percolates through or along the stationary phase, in a definite direction. It may be a liquid (liquid chromatography) or a gas (gas chromatography).")
cnt(W3218,"A fluid whose density can vary.")
cnt(W3219,"A flux of material from a reservoir.")
cnt(W3220,"A flux of material into a reservoir.")
cnt(W3221,"A flux of substances from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface via precipitation.")
cnt(W3222,"A flywheel made using composite materials and rotating at much higher speeds compared to classical flywheels made of cast iron or steel.")
cnt(W3223,"a focus on the social networks of people in an organization context, and the interactive and interconnective exchanges and relationships, as well as collaborations. Their value is maximized by the diversity of the participants and thereby treats knowledge-creation as a dynamic, evolutionary process, which emphasizes self-adaptation, self-regulation, and self-control.")
cnt(W3224,"A focused management activity designed to produce fundamental decisions that provide definition—and guidance for the design and implementation of a corporate strategy to realize that definition—of an organization’s purpose.")
cnt(W3226,"A food altered by processing in a manner to have lower energy content— however, not to be nutritionally inferior.")
cnt(W3227,"A food chain involving three trophic levels")
cnt(W3228,"A food code established by a joint Commission of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The Commission sets standards for various foods and lays these out in the Codex Alimentarius for the guidance of governments and private industry.")
cnt(W3229,"a food growing process that focuses on creating and maintaining healthy soil with all natural preparations and takes into account the cosmic, telluric and spiritual influences on the production of life-sustaining food.")
cnt(W3230,"a food item that has been produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, or other adulterants")
cnt(W3231,"A food preservation process at low temperatures (generally below -18°C) that immobilizes water in a food as ice within an amorphous matrix.")
cnt(W3233,"A food product that has a health benefit over and beyond basic nutrition.")
cnt(W3234,"A food product with low energy content (generally the permitted energy content is limited, (e.g., in the US the limit is 0.4 calorie per gram = about 2 joules per gram).")
cnt(W3235,"a food production system based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance the environment")
cnt(W3236,"A food production system based upon the herding of domesticated animals.")
cnt(W3237,"A food property is a particular measure of the food’s behavior as matter; its behavior with respect to energy; its interaction with the human senses; or its efficacy in promoting human health and well-being.")
cnt(W3238,"A food safety management system that identifies, monitors, and controls hazards that are significant for food safety and which uses an in-process, preventive approach to assure the safety of the end-product.")
cnt(W3239,"A foodborne disease caused by the ingestion of harmful levels of chemicals, including those produced by bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum or Staphylococcus aureus, which grow and produce toxin in food. In contrast to an infection, the person may become ill without eating live bacteria.")
cnt(W3240,"A force acting toward the center of a liquid-filled pore.")
cnt(W3241,"A force distributed over a surface divided by the area of the surface. Confining pressure is uniform in all directions; directed pressure is exerted only in one direction.")
cnt(W3242,"A force existing due to the Earth’s rotation. It is significant for large-scale air and water flows and tends to turn them to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern one. It has maximums near the poles, and is negligible near the equator.")
cnt(W3243,"a force governing moisture transition in capillaries.")
cnt(W3245,"A force per unit area, Pa.")
cnt(W3246,"a foreign country where a multinational firm conducts aspects of its business")
cnt(W3248,"A foreign fragment of rock occurring in an igneous rock.")
cnt(W3250,"A foreign species introduced in a new geographical area.")
cnt(W3251,"A foreign-investment-induced urbanization characterized by labor-intensive and assembly manufacturing types of export-oriented industrialization based on low-cost labor and land, which stimulated rural–urban population migration.")
cnt(W3253,"a forest containing intermingling trees of markedly different ages.")
cnt(W3254,"a forest containing trees of similar age. The trees may be stratified into separate age classes or cohorts.")
cnt(W3255,"a forest humus consisting of a well mixed (mainly by earthworms) and well-humified organic and mineral matter with a gradual transition to the underlaying mineral horizon.")
cnt(W3256,"A forest that has lost some of its values. Usually used within the context of a natural forest that has been adversely affected by human intervention.")
cnt(W3257,"A forest with a balanced age or size class structure such that perpetual crops of timber may be removed without adversely affecting the productive capacity of the remaining forest.")
cnt(W3258,"A forest, usually of a complex, multistory variety, from which a range of tree and agricultural products are derived.")
cnt(W3259,"A form devised by the ego so that repressed material, adequately transformed, is admitted into consciousness, satisfying both the unconscious drive and the defensive instances.")
cnt(W3260,"A form of a gene and usually a gene product that varies in the population")
cnt(W3262,"A form of absolute majority voting in which, if no candidate achieves an absolute majority of votes first time round, a second or run-off ballot is held between the two strongest candidates.")
cnt(W3263,"A form of accurate surveying of large structures that accounts for the curvature of the earth.")
cnt(W3264,"a form of acknowledgement of technical competence and independence of an organization at the national level.")
cnt(W3265,"a form of agriculture based mainly on use of mineral fertilizers, pesticides and mechanization")
cnt(W3266,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) and pasture/animal components.")
cnt(W3267,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) with crops and pasture and/or animals.")
cnt(W3268,"A form of agroforestry consisting of trees or shrubs (woody component) with crops.")
cnt(W3269,"A form of analysis involving binding by a specific antibody and visualization by an enzymatic reaction.")
cnt(W3270,"a form of asexual reproduction of yeasts.")
cnt(W3273,"A form of business partnership involving the joint management and sharing of risks and profits in order to develop a common enterprise.")
cnt(W3274,"A form of calcium carbonate, less common than calcite but more soluble.")
cnt(W3275,"A form of calcium carbonate, more common than aragonite but less soluble.")
cnt(W3279,"A form of chlorination agent (NH2Cl).")
cnt(W3280,"A form of classical dance practiced widely in India, particularly South India.")
cnt(W3281,"A form of classification. In particular, the term is used when there are different criteria of classification and the combination of these criteria do not result in a hierarchical classification.")
cnt(W3282,"A form of communication reaching large numbers of people")
cnt(W3283,"A form of contract in which the contractor undertakes both the design and the construction of the work.")
cnt(W3284,"A form of crusading journalism, primarily using magazines to agitate and promote change.")
cnt(W3285,"A form of democracy termed by Arend Lijphart that operates through power sharing and a close association amongst a number of political parties or groups that are divided by deep religious, ideological, regional, cultural, or other differences.")
cnt(W3286,"A form of education that demonstrates inclusion of purpose and width of provision.")
cnt(W3287,"A form of election whereby the candidate or party which obtains a majority of votes in a constituency is elected. Under simple majority or plurality voting, the candidate or party who obtains more votes than any other is elected without necessarily securing an absolute majority. Under absolute majority voting, for a candidate to be elected, his or her share of the vote must be 50 per cent plus (see alternative vote and two ballot system).")
cnt(W3288,"A form of energy composed of an electrical field and a magnetic field and characterized by frequencies or wavelengths.")
cnt(W3289,"A form of energy made available as a result of the flow of electric charge through a conductor.")
cnt(W3290,"A form of energy resulting from unequal distribution of ions across a barrier (e.g. impermeable membrane).")
cnt(W3291,"A form of energy that is represented by the temperature of a mass. It is due to the speed with which the molecules within the mass vibrate.")
cnt(W3293,"A form of entertainment that is designed to be educational. The word edutainment was born sometime in the early 1990's and defined by edutainment pioneers as ""entertainment with an educational twist."" It covers television programs, books and software that are both educational and entertaining, especially those intended for primary school age children. Included in the edutainment arena are motivational shows of plays, skits, athletic skills, animals, bubbles, bread baking and more. Also in the edutainment picture are theme parks, theaters, museums, software -- anything that is educational and ethical that one can enjoy while learning.")
cnt(W3294,"A form of farming mainly associated with the tropics in which forested areas are felled, burned, and cultivated for a few years until declining fertility forces a shift and repetition of the sequence elsewhere.")
cnt(W3295,"A form of forest management that emphasizes protecting the productive potential of the ecosystem in a socially and economically acceptable manner.")
cnt(W3296,"A form of forestland management that emphasizes the protection of ecological functions, biodiversity, restoration, and non-timber land uses over the production of commodity outputs.")
cnt(W3297,"a form of fossil fuel, formed from the dead remains of bog plants in anaerobic and wet conditions. The first step towards formation of coal.")
cnt(W3298,"a form of government in which the ruler is not restricted by a constitution, laws or opposition")
cnt(W3299,"a form of government in which the supreme power is placed in the hands of a few persons")
cnt(W3305,"A form of human poisoning caused by the consumption of subtropical and tropical marine finfish which have accumulated naturally occurring toxins through their diet.")
cnt(W3309,"A form of intellectual property rights in which the property right is maintained by preventing others from accessing the information contained in the intellectual property.")
cnt(W3310,"A form of intellectual property that applies to original works of authorship.")
cnt(W3311,"A form of intellectual property whereby the inventor acquires the sole right to exclude others from economically exploiting the innovation for a limited time period.")
cnt(W3312,"A form of labor unemployment that occurs due to a lack of demand for the produce of labor.")
cnt(W3313,"A form of land management whereby the cumulative effects of management decisions taken for small areas are evaluated within the context of a much larger land area.")
cnt(W3315,"A form of learning in which behavior is affected by its consequences. Favorable consequences strengthen the behavior and unfavorable consequences weaken the behavior.")
cnt(W3316,"A form of leisure oriented temporary mobility with both spatial and temporal dimensions.")
cnt(W3317,"A form of majority voting (see below) in which the voter casts as many votes as seats to be filled in a multi-member constituency (see below). The candidates who poll the most votes are returned in accordance with the number of seats to be filled.")
cnt(W3318,"a form of masculinity that is found beyond a specific cultural locale, operating in global arenas.")
cnt(W3319,"A form of matter, characterized by flat surfaces in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in all directions to form a regular, repeating network.")
cnt(W3320,"A form of oxygen in which three atoms of oxygen occur together. It is chemically active and has a short average lifetime in the atmosphere. Forms a natural layer high in the atmosphere (stratosphere), offering protection from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. An air pollutant when present in the lower atmosphere above the National Air Quality Standard.")
cnt(W3321,"a form of philosophy which, in opposition to the academic philosophy at the turn of the century, again attempts to answer the essential questions of life from a social Darwinism perspective. It is based on a partially misunderstood Nietzsche.")
cnt(W3322,"a form of phylogenetic analysis that focuses on shared derived characters as indicators of relationships amongst taxa.")
cnt(W3323,"A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust. The silica particles (quartz dust with particles of approx. 1 µm in size) are phagocytized by macrophages by the silicic acid formed from the silica. The destruction of the macrophages that phagocytize the silica leads to the release of peroxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids that, together with the process of phagocytosis itself, cause the fibrotic inflammation which characterizes silicosis.")
cnt(W3324,"A form of porosity (other than primary pore space between lithological grains) such as fractures, joints or large voids formed from the dissolution of material.")
cnt(W3325,"A form of PR in which the voter casts two votes:one for a candidate under the plurality system and the other for a party list under PR. The vote for the party list determines how many seats the party is entitled to. The seats gained under the plurality system are then topped up by a sufficient number of seats from the party list to meet the party's overall entitlement under PR.")
cnt(W3326,"A form of PR in which the voter chooses a party list of candidates rather than individual candidates. The number of candidates on the list which are elected depends on the size of the vote for the list and is determined by the Hare-largest remainder formula, or by the highest average (d'Hondt or Saint Lagu) formula.")
cnt(W3327,"A form of PR in which the voter ranks candidates in order of preference, with seats allocated to candidates in accordance with the rank order in which they have been placed on the ballot papers. Candidates are elected who reach a quota, having received a sufficient number of first preference votes, or having received the lower order preferences on the ballots of candidates already elected or eliminated, which are added to the number of their first preferences. The distribution of lower order preferences of candidates already elected must be proportionate to the extent these candidates have exceeded the quota, and will be added to the first preference votes of the other candidates at fractional value.")
cnt(W3328,"A form of production in which the capability to adopt new products quickly and maintain diversified production matters more than turning out large volumes or maintaining profitable performance based on one or a few standardized products.")
cnt(W3329,"A form of production in which turning out large volumes or maintaining profitable performance based on one or a few standardized products matters more than the capability to adopt new products quickly and maintain diversified production.")
cnt(W3330,"A form of rapid computer-to-computer messaging. It is the most heavily used service of the Internet.")
cnt(W3331,"A form of reasoning that attempts to deduce a hitherto ""unknown"" fact (called goal) by scanning the knowledge base (KB) to determine whether the data it contains may generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, if a fact p asserted by the KB is the ""IF""-predicate of a rule, then we can infer that q, the ""THEN""-predicate of that rule, is also true.")
cnt(W3333,"A form of reasoning that attempts to validate (i.e., confirm) a fact (called goal) by scanning the Knowledge Base to determine whether the rules therein contained univocally generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, this means that if a fact q is asserted by the KB,  every rule that contains q as the “THEN”-predicate is assumed to be true, and therefore p, the predicate of its “IF”, is also true.")
cnt(W3334,"A form of reasoning that attempts to validate (or confirm) a fact (called goal) by scanning the knowledge base (KB) to determine whether the rules it contains univocally generate the logical possibility of the goal. In practice, this means that if a fact q is asserted by the KB, every rule that contains q as the THEN predicate is assumed to be true, and therefore p, the predicate of its IF, is also true.")
cnt(W3336,"A form of reasoning used in process modeling. It is based on non-quantitative concepts, like analogy, similarity, asymptotical behavior, interactions, order-of-magnitude values, relationships, structure, and functionality.")
cnt(W3338,"A form of reproduction in the algae in which the development of a thickened cell becomes the oogonium.")
cnt(W3339,"A form of ritual theater in Iran with deep religious significance which originated about 1500 years ago and is still performed widely.")
cnt(W3340,"A form of small-scale agriculture in which a forested area, usually tropical or subtropical, is temporarily cleared for growing crops by use of fire or slashing or cutting back vegetation. After a period of time, usually a few years, the forest is allowed to re-grow and another area is cleared for cropping.")
cnt(W3342,"A form of social organization common among foraging peoples in which all individuals have equal access to the critical resources of life, and in which positions of prestige are earned rather than ascribed at birth—and are not necessarily associated with power.")
cnt(W3343,"a form of social organization in which a male is the family head, in a hierarchical structure.")
cnt(W3344,"A form of social organization that allows individuals and private groups to form private businesses to sell goods and services to the public, while also allowing private capital accumulation, investment, trading of investment securities, bonds, currency, and futures options on local, national, and world financial markets under various regulatory regimes. Today, capitalism is evolving into many new forms as technologies evolve and the goals and values of host societies (also termed ""cultural DNA codes"") change.")
cnt(W3345,"A form of social organization that attempts to work from following rules and introducing a series of ways to monitor and make accountable those who work in such an organization.")
cnt(W3346,"A form of social organization that organizes the means of production at various levels of government and seeks to provide direction for industry toward public goods and services and the creation of social welfare, safety nets for needy populations, universal health, education, etc. Such lofty goals are still the focus of many governments and their citizens, but past and current political organizations and macroeconomic management have not proved equal to the task of supplying such societal needs. Thus, many formerly socialist governments experimented during the 1980s and 1990s with allowing the self-organizing forces of markets to supply more goods and services privately and have privatized many formerly state-owned enterprises and public utilities, such as electricity, telephone, water, and other services.")
cnt(W3348,"A form of socialism that reflects socialist goals but does not implement fundamental socialist changes")
cnt(W3349,"A form of socio-political organization featuring permanent leadership and social stratification. Petty chiefdom populations range 200-30,000 in size.")
cnt(W3351,"A form of socio-political organization featuring two or more local bands, kinship-based relationships, and impermanent leadership. Remnant tribes might survive with as few as 25 people. Tribal organization becomes unstable when numbers increase beyond 2000.")
cnt(W3352,"A form of socio-political organization that is more complex than a chiefdom, featuring government bureaucracy and standing armies. Small states have populations of 200 000 or more. The upper limit has not yet been reached.")
cnt(W3355,"A form of technology capable of capturing, storing, retrieving, editing, analyzing, comparing, and displaying spatial environmental information.")
cnt(W3356,"a form of the denial of the Law of Excluded Middle first stated by C.S. Peirce")
cnt(W3357,"A form of tourism based in relatively natural environments")
cnt(W3358,"A form of toxicosis caused by photosensitive substances (fagopyrin, filloerytrin).")
cnt(W3359,"A form of traditional ideas, skills, or concepts of education. It may include reading, writing, and arithmetic, as well as ""traditional values.""")
cnt(W3360,"A form of tuberculosis characterised by the formation of lesions resembling millet seeds.")
cnt(W3361,"A form of urbanization that is consistent with the concept and principles of sustainable development. Attributes of sustainable urbanization could include reducing consumption of finite natural resources, such as land and water, and improving the quality of air, land and water resources. Sustainable urbanization can be achieved through plans and policies that discourage urban sprawl and other inappropriate forms of development. Supportive strategies can include redevelopment of brown-fields, intensification of development, adaptive re-use of structures, and adherence to fixed urban boundaries for development.")
cnt(W3362,"A form of viability selection in which heterozygotes have higher fitness than both types of homozygote.")
cnt(W3363,"A form of volcanic glass, usually of felsic composition, filled with gas bubble holes so that it resembles a very light sponge.")
cnt(W3365,"A form used by haulers transporting waste that lists type and quantity of waste, the generator it originated from, the transporter that shipped it, and the storage or disposal facility to which it is being shipped. It includes copies for all participants in the shipping process.")
cnt(W3366,"A formal activity designed to ensure appropriate distribution of economic resources needed for goal achievement.")
cnt(W3367,"A formal agreement among two or more organizations, usually with a specific purpose.")
cnt(W3369,"a formal construct consisting of a set of finite sequences (words) of symbols (letters) drawn from a fixed set (alphabet)")
cnt(W3371,"a formal language whose rules for its production are independent of context")
cnt(W3372,"a formal language whose rules for its production dependent upon specific contextual features")
cnt(W3373,"a formal mathematical model of a system which carries out computations")
cnt(W3375,"A formal or informal arrangement that allows people with operational problems access experts for assistance.")
cnt(W3377,"A formal organization of land owners or operators carrying out drainage work within a certain defined area without the power to tax or condemn land but with contractual and purchasing powers.")
cnt(W3378,"A formal part of public school curriculum in most parts of the world including physical exercise, games, sports, and recreation activities. All students enrolled in public schools at the primary and secondary grades are typically required to participate in physical education.")
cnt(W3379,"A formal part of public school curriculum traditionally associated with the reduction of risks associated with illness, communicable diseases, and accidents. The subjects, topics and emphasis on health education in public education vary widely from culture to culture.")
cnt(W3380,"A formal procedure to calculate the endogenous (inner) variables of a model for the fixed exogenous (outer) variables.")
cnt(W3382,"A formal procedure to determine the model’s exogenous variables using statistical time series that represent the behaviour of a system in the past.")
cnt(W3384,"a formal result which places a constraint upon the explanatory or generative power of some formal system, theory, or model")
cnt(W3385,"A formal set of techniques and procedures for systematically studying strategic conflict. A directed graph for each decision maker involved in a conflict keeps track of the potential moves that the decision maker can take in one step (see The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution).")
cnt(W3387,"A formal subdivision of the Precambrian of eon rank, stretching from 2500 Ma to 544 ± 2 Ma. The term is derived from Greek roots meaning “first life” and was introduced by Emmons in 1888. Its lower boundary has recently been defined at 2500 Ma, whereas its upper boundary coincides with the sudden appearance of shelly metazoan fossils at the beginning of the Cambrian. The latter has been precisely dated by volcanic ash (tuff) layers at 544 ± 2 Ma.")
cnt(W3388,"A formal written agreement between or among nation-states.")
cnt(W3389,"A formal, continuous structure established by agreement between members (governmental and/or nongovernmental) from three or more sovereign states with the aim of pursuing the common interest of the membership.")
cnt(W3390,"A formal, documented system for managing environmental programs.")
cnt(W3391,"A formal, written description of the technical particulars relative to the nature and conditions of the tasks of a job, and of the standard requirements that workers must possess to meet management's requirements. The job specifications do not result from the analysis of the job but rather are determined a priori by management based on customs, executive policy, and technological and organizational factors.")
cnt(W3393,"A formalism for expressing questions against a database and retrieving data.")
cnt(W3394,"A formalism of classical mechanics. A real pass of a particle through space- time is determined by the least action principle, which states that the action given as the time integral of a quantity called Lagrangian over a path of the particle must be minimum for a real path of the particle. Thus the lagrangian which is a function of the position and velocity of the particle characerizes the system.")
cnt(W3395,"A formalized process of ensuring management systems are established to minimize the risk of failure and to manage impacts if failure does occur).")
cnt(W3397,"A formation in which the bituminous material (bitumen) is found as a filling in veins and fissures in fractured rocks or impregnating relatively shallow sand, sandstone, and limestone strata. A sandstone reservoir that is impregnated with a heavy, viscous black petroleum-like material that cannot be retrieved through a well by conventional production techniques.")
cnt(W3405,"A former atom or radical (group of atoms) with a positive or a negative charge.")
cnt(W3407,"a former reef whose accretion rate did not keep up with relative sea-level rise.")
cnt(W3408,"A forming process applicable to small powders where the powder is dispersed in a low viscosity fluid to allow shaping by casting the slurry into a porous mold which extracts the fluid.")
cnt(W3409,"a formless, rhythmic gesture, accompanying the rhythm of speech but without associated representational meaning")
cnt(W3410,"A formula based on the discount rate applied to future values to convert them to present values.")
cnt(W3411,"A formula expressing the relationship between the velocity of a crystal in a melt with respect to its size, density contrast to the melt, the melt viscosity, and the acceleration of gravity.")
cnt(W3412,"a formula of a formal system that can be derived by means of its axioms and rules")
cnt(W3413,"A formula of predicate logic with no free occurrences of variables.")
cnt(W3414,"A formula representing a function f(n) in a natural number n by using its values on smaller numbers.  E.g.,  f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2) + 1.")
cnt(W3415,"A formula that converts different livestock into a common measure: 1 LU equals one breeding cow, or 6.67 ewes.")
cnt(W3416,"A formula to give the spectrum of blackbody radiation which incorporates quantum nature of light.")
cnt(W3417,"A formula with no free variables, so that it denotes truth or falsity.")
cnt(W3418,"A formulaic conception or image, used and repeated without change in order to classify individuals, groups or nations.")
cnt(W3419,"A formulation of aldicarb.")
cnt(W3420,"a formulation of utility which avoids specifying the kind of satisfaction or utility derived from a good, provided preferences be organized in scales.")
cnt(W3421,"a for-profit nationwide university offering a limited number of degrees that has experienced rapid growth.")
cnt(W3422,"A forum for bondholders to agree on a particular rescheduling package for a delinquent debtor.")
cnt(W3423,"A forum, such as a court of justice, in which disputes can be settled.")
cnt(W3424,"A fossil commmunity representing a former living community.")
cnt(W3425,"A fossilized, calcareous growth of cyanobacteria.")
cnt(W3426,"A foundation or sustaining wall of stones or concrete fragments placed on an embankment slope to prevent erosion.")
cnt(W3427,"A foundation treatment method for ensuring water-tightness of fill-dams, consisting of a deep trench cut below the core of an earth-dam, and back-filled by displacement of a bentonite slurry mixture which is used to first fill the trench, so as to prevent its side-walls from caving in.")
cnt(W3428,"A foundational point of view which accepts the natural numbers but avoids impredicative definitions (definitions in which a set X is defined by reference to the totality of sets of natural numbers .")
cnt(W3429,"A foundational point of view, due to the Dutch mathematician L.E.J. Brouwer, insisting that mathematics is a mental construction throughout; a coherent development of this point of view leads to a mathematical practice which deviates from classical mathematics.")
cnt(W3430,"A fraction (µ= 10-6) of the greater numerical unit (mole) consisting of 6.02 x 1017 units.")
cnt(W3432,"A fraction derived in refining petroleum with a boiling point range between kerosene and lubricating oil.")
cnt(W3434,"A fraction of petroleum composed of material of 150 to 280 ° C boiling range, that was initially sought as an illuminant in lamps.")
cnt(W3435,"A fraction of sun radiation that is reflected by Earth’s surface and atmosphere.")
cnt(W3436,"A fractionation technique based on differences in melting point of components in a mixture.")
cnt(W3441,"A fracture in rock in which there is no displacement of opposite blocks. Joint planes are often mineralized.")
cnt(W3449,"A fracture within a rock mass, one of the commonest types of discontinuity.")
cnt(W3450,"A fracture, which is accompanied by significant plastic deformation.")
cnt(W3451,"A fracture, which occurs under reversed or alternating stresses or strains.")
cnt(W3452,"A fracture, which occurs with very little plastic deformation.")
cnt(W3453,"A fragment of pottery.")
cnt(W3454,"A fragment of rock, usually greater than sand sized.")
cnt(W3455,"A fragment of the North American plate now in Mexico and Central America (Belize and Guatemala) and possibly Cuba. It consists of basement rocks with Proterozoic and Grenvillian age sequences as well as Paleozoic metamorphic rocks overlain by a sedimentary succession.")
cnt(W3456,"a frame carrying several long, heavy-duty C-shaped shanks fitted with narrow blades. The implement shatters the soil with little inversion.")
cnt(W3457,"a frame of reference moving with the water parcel")
cnt(W3458,"a frame of reference which is fixed in space.")
cnt(W3459,"a frame with several rows of shanks carrying cultivating shovels or sweeps. Often used to further break up the soil after plowing.")
cnt(W3460,"A framework for integrated economic and environmental information, the National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts, linking data on economic sector activity with data on environmental pressures such as natural resource use and pollutant emissions.")
cnt(W3461,"A framework for performance-based Design of Buildings, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, Ca., USA.")
cnt(W3462,"A framework for thinking about economic issues that divorces them from social, community, and ethical considerations.")
cnt(W3463,"A framework matching methodologies to organizational problem contexts, used in the original version of TSI.")
cnt(W3464,"A framework of analysis that (1) quantifies pressures of human activities of production and consumption on the environment (e.g. mineral extraction, fish catch, carbon dioxide emissions) (2) describes the state of the environment and observable changes in state (e.g., algae growth in lakes); and (3) the responses proposed or implemented by society.")
cnt(W3466,"A framework that employs an adaptationist methodology to develop quantitative and computational psychological models of user strategies for seeking, gathering, and consuming information.")
cnt(W3467,"A framework to distinguish cultures, societies, or regions according to their characteristic exchange relations with nature (in terms of materials and energy flows).")
cnt(W3468,"A francophone financial cooperative.")
cnt(W3469,"A free living organism, usually bigger than its prey and requiring more than one prey for completing its development.")
cnt(W3470,"A free swimming fish species.")
cnt(W3471,"a free trade area consisting of Canada, Mexico and USA, established in 1994.")
cnt(W3473,"A free-living pre-adult stage in the life cycle of an amphibian.")
cnt(W3474,"A freestanding, self-contained, and socially balanced settlement primarily planned to accommodate overspill population and employment from nearby conurbations. The original British concept has been widely copied and adapted.")
cnt(W3475,"A free-swimming life habit.")
cnt(W3476,"A free-swimming species living between about 200 to 1000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W3477,"A free-swimming species near the sea bottom down to 1000 meters in depth.")
cnt(W3479,"A French term referring to the development of red matrix colors in Terra Rossa soils.")
cnt(W3480,"A frequency at which the electronic device is turned ON and OFF, i.e. the frequency at which the firing pulses are issued.")
cnt(W3481,"a frequency distribution displaying the frequencies of species with 1, 2, … units respectively.")
cnt(W3482,"A frequency standard whose frequency corresponds to the adopted definition of the second, with its specified accuracy achieved without external calibration of a device.")
cnt(W3483,"A frequency that is modulated by a signal containing information.")
cnt(W3484,"A frequency useful for radio transmission. The present practicable limits of radio frequency are roughly 10 kHz to 100 GHz.")
cnt(W3485,"A frequency-dependent increase in the seismic wavefield amplitude, usually connected to the presence of surface topographical features or soft-sedimentary basins near a site (relative site shaking response).")
cnt(W3486,"a frequently-used planning tool in many countries aimed at containing urban development, giving shape to the urban form and providing for a variety of ""rural"" functions to benefit the nearby urban population.")
cnt(W3487,"A fresh, complete fruit of the coffee plant.")
cnt(W3488,"A freshwater carbonate deposit formed in springs, waterfalls, and lakes in limestone regions.")
cnt(W3489,"A freshwater zone of relatively warm water in which mixing occurs as a result of wind action and convection currents.")
cnt(W3490,"a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock, formed in the intertidal zone, in tropical to subtropical regions, consisting of sand and gravel cemented with calcium carbonate.")
cnt(W3492,"A front between the warm and cold airmasses moving in the direction of warm air.")
cnt(W3493,"A front moving in the direction of cold air.")
cnt(W3495,"A fruit or seed of a cereal, such as wheat, barley or maize.")
cnt(W3496,"A fuel (e.g. coal, oil, or natural gas) formed in the earth from plant or animal remains.")
cnt(W3497,"A fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles propelled by both fuel cell and rechargeable battery.")
cnt(W3498,"A fuel cell using solid polymer membrane as electrolytic medium for proton exchange.")
cnt(W3499,"A fuel complex, defined by volume, type condition, arrangement, and location, that determines the degree both of ease of ignition and of fire suppression difficulty.")
cnt(W3500,"A fuel component obtained by processing of waste; automated processing is implied.")
cnt(W3501,"A fuel composed of 30 percent water and 70 percent natural bitumen extracted from the Orinoco Belt in Venezuela. It is used commercially by power utilities in Canada, Denmark, Japan, China, Lithuania, and Italy. In the United States, several utilities are at various stages of negotiations to use this fuel in existing power plants. Economically recoverable reserves are currently estimated at about 267 billion barrels.")
cnt(W3502,"A fuel containing 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline.")
cnt(W3504,"A fuel containing 5% ethanol and 95% gasoline.")
cnt(W3505,"A full accounting of materials flow through a segment of the economy, most often an industrial operation, making certain to fully encompass the fates of those resources, with the objective of improving the economics of operation.")
cnt(W3506,"A full description of the attributes of a player, including his beliefs about the parameters of the game and the other players' beliefs, in a situation of incomplete information.")
cnt(W3507,"A full description of the parameters of the game and the beliefs of the players in a situation of incomplete information.")
cnt(W3509,"A function assigning probabilities to all events of a random variable. F(x) = P{X = x} represents the probability distribution function of random variable X.")
cnt(W3511,"A function computable by a Turing machine which requires a number of steps bounded by a polynomial function of the length of the input.")
cnt(W3513,"A function defined on a set of random events with real values, which are themselves, regarded as random. In decision situations under risk, the possible outcomes of any alternative usually are regarded as a random variable with monetary values.")
cnt(W3514,"A function defined on a subset of the natural numbers for which there exists a Turing machine that will eventually halt on inputs for which it is defined, providing the value of the function, and will fail to halt on other inputs.")
cnt(W3516,"A function defined separately over a series of intervals which is as smooth as possible. A linear spline is piecewise linear, and a cubic spline (the default type of spline) is made up of cubic pieces.")
cnt(W3517,"a function depending on the variables of a system from which the equations of motion can be derived by differentiation.")
cnt(W3518,"a function disturbance or detrimental change in the peripheral nervous system")
cnt(W3520,"A function from a class of structures to the set {0, 1} such that it takes the same value on isomorphic structures.")
cnt(W3521,"a function in which a socio-economic, environmental, monetary or other quantity is rescaled (say on a 0 - 1 scale) to reflect the relative worth or desirability of different levels of the quantity")
cnt(W3522,"A function mapping instance size n to the amount of resource used for the computation on inputs of size n.")
cnt(W3523,"A function mapping types into social decisions and transfers.")
cnt(W3524,"A function measuring the performance of a decision making process. The goal of the process is to optimize this function subject to the constraints under consideration.")
cnt(W3525,"A function obtained from a sequence in a certain way.")
cnt(W3526,"A function of interest for which optimization seeks the greatest (or least) value.")
cnt(W3527,"A function of population, diets, domestic, and industrial needs, and how effectively water resources are used. Water use can be expressed in total water diversions, primary supply and consumed water.")
cnt(W3528,"a function of the abundance vector adopted to measure the biological diversity of an ecological population.")
cnt(W3529,"A function of the covariates that is used to model the mean of an exponential family distribution.")
cnt(W3530,"A function of the data observed in an experiment, which uses the data to approximate (=estimate) the (unknown) value of some parameter in the statistical model. A well known method how to obtain estimators is the least squares method.")
cnt(W3531,"A function of the item quality indicators which determines the quality of the lot (e.g., the lot mean).")
cnt(W3532,"A function of the model parameters, given the data, that is frequently used to estimate the model parameters.")
cnt(W3535,"A function of the sample and of some or all parameters, whose probability distribution does not depend on the parameters.")
cnt(W3536,"a function only depending on groups of non-dimensional parametric variables, e.g. flow resistance, drag and lift coefficients.")
cnt(W3537,"A function or system that transforms inputs into outputs of greater value.")
cnt(W3538,"A function showing an S-shaped curve.")
cnt(W3539,"A function system related to a river involving the interactions of the various organisms present with each other and with their environment.")
cnt(W3540,"A function tending to infinity at the boundary of the feasible region.")
cnt(W3541,"A function that assigns degrees of membership to elements. The membership function hence defines the corresponding fuzzy set.")
cnt(W3542,"A function that assigns to the possible decisions in a decision situation its utility in dependence of the state of the system.")
cnt(W3544,"A function that coincides with the perturbation function at a selected point and lies above the perturbation function elsewhere.")
cnt(W3545,"A function that describes how recruitment varies with changes in the reproductive biomass of the parental stock.")
cnt(W3546,"A function that describes the worth of coalitions.")
cnt(W3548,"A function that fails to be everywhere differentiable")
cnt(W3549,"a function that has an exponential shape even when plotted on a logarithmic scale.")
cnt(W3550,"a function that indicates the degree of membership of an element to a certain set.")
cnt(W3551,"A function that is polynomial-time computable but whose inverse is not polynomial-time computable even on-average.")
cnt(W3552,"a function that is the product of an exponential function and a hyper-exponential function.")
cnt(W3553,"A function that maps an instance of one decision problem to an instance of another decision problem.")
cnt(W3554,"A function that specifies the values and relative likelihood of random variables")
cnt(W3556,"A function used to quantifying an individual’s degree of preference for some consequence or decisions.")
cnt(W3557,"A function which assigns a numerical value to the states of a system and a related decision.")
cnt(W3558,"A function which assigns to all samples a value for an unknown quantity.")
cnt(W3559,"A function which assigns to every element from the domain an imprecise number.")
cnt(W3560,"A function which associates an appropriate value with every variable of a formal language.")
cnt(W3561,"A function which can be computed by a recursive program.")
cnt(W3562,"a function which determines the statistical test.")
cnt(W3564,"A function whose arguments are natural numbers or strings and whose values can be computed by a Turing machine.")
cnt(W3567,"A function whose values are probabilities.")
cnt(W3568,"A function whose values are utilities.")
cnt(W3569,"a function with (n-k) continuous derivatives on a closed interval [a,b] with given knots such that between any neighbor points the function is a polynomial with degree no more than n.")
cnt(W3570,"a function, defined at each point of a given domain.")
cnt(W3571,"A function, which can be chosen in order to achieve a desired goal.")
cnt(W3572,"A functional group with reducing ability usually found in saccharides, resulted from the combination of a hydrodroxyl and a carbonyl group.")
cnt(W3573,"a functional of the coordinates of a system of particles (equal to the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the case of a single particle) from which the equations of motion can be derived using variational principles.")
cnt(W3575,"A functional system in which the interaction of the various organisms present with each other and their environment involves a cycle interchange of materials and energy.")
cnt(W3576,"A functional that measures the performance of a system under a given control strategy")
cnt(W3577,"a functional type refers to the role of a particular component which is expected to be fulfilled within a given network (or a given associative context) to which the component belongs. Such a role emerges from the question of why this component is necessary (or why it resulted useful in the past), that is from the nature of the interface between the activity of the component itself and the activity of the whole network. ")
cnt(W3578,"A functional unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome. Genes are capable of reproducing themselves exactly at each cell division and directing the formation of enzymes and other proteins.[See above for definitions of enzyme and chromosome.]")
cnt(W3579,"A functionally defined group of diverse organisms that are either single celled, chain forming or small groups of algal cells. Distinguished from macroalgae by a number of features including size and the fact that individual cells undergo reproduction.")
cnt(W3580,"A fundamental change in the way that international action is conceived, conducted and prescribed or proscribed by law and custom.")
cnt(W3581,"A fundamental change of the tectonic regime operating in a particular crustal domain, e.g. from compressional to extensional (negative inversion) or vice versa (positive inversion).")
cnt(W3582,"a fundamental concept in toxicology and pharmacology that correlates the relationship between an organisms response to different doses of a chemical.")
cnt(W3583,"A fundamental condition providing for a difference between the motion laws of the wave power device structure and wind wave.")
cnt(W3585,"A fundamental model of computation, consisting of a processor controlled by a program, and its current state, and with a device for reading and writing data on a tape. A Universal Turing Machine can emulate any particular Turing machine by reading the appropriate program that is provided to it as tape input.")
cnt(W3586,"A fundamental particle belonging to the lepton class.")
cnt(W3587,"A fundamental particles that does not participate in strong interactions. If electrically charged (electron, muon and tau), it feels both the electromagnetic and the weak interaction. Neutral leptons (electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino) participate only in weak interactions.")
cnt(W3588,"A fundamental sub-nuclear particle. Six varieties of quarks make up all of nuclear matter.")
cnt(W3589,"A fundamental tenant of geology that holds that the earth processes active today are essentially identical with those active in the past. Further, it holds that these processes are sufficient to account for all geologic change through time.")
cnt(W3590,"a fungal fruitbody which is located at the top of a stalk.")
cnt(W3591,"a fungal hypha that penetrates within a living cell, in lichens generally of the photobiont, for absorption of food.")
cnt(W3592,"A fungal immunomodulatory protein isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum.")
cnt(W3593,"a fungible good is one that can be exchanged for or replaced by another good of exactly equivalent utility.")
cnt(W3594,"A fungicide for seed grain and vegetable seeds; it is a byproduct from the production of chlorine gas and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Residue levels have been found in the fatty tissues of cattle and sheep at the time of slaughter for human consumption.")
cnt(W3595,"A fungus in the class Oomycetes that has swimming zoospores, including pathogenic fungi in the genera Pythium and Phytophthora.")
cnt(W3596,"A fungus that has discovered agriculture by cultivating algae. Algae can photosynthesize and supply the fungus with carbohydrates, vitamins, and proteins and in return, the fungus provides the algae with protection from the elements.")
cnt(W3597,"A funnel for suction filtration of small quantities")
cnt(W3598,"A funnel made of porcelain and with a perforated porcelain plate to support a filter paper. It is used in conjunction with a suction flask.")
cnt(W3599,"A furnace for melting materials with lower melting temperatures, such as aluminum. The furnace consists of a clay-graphite or clay-silicon-carbide crucible in a refractory-lined steel shell with a cover. It is typically fired with gas or oil.")
cnt(W3600,"A furnace in which combustion is forced by a current of air under pressure, esp. one for the reduction of iron ore.")
cnt(W3601,"A furnace most commonly used for aluminum. It consists of an aluminum-resistant refractory lining and steel shell with direct-fired burners that radiate heat directly to the material.")
cnt(W3603,"A future is a derivative in that its value depends upon (""derives from"") the price of the underlying asset.")
cnt(W3604,"A fuzzy interval with a stepwise linear membership function which is based on three a-cuts where a = e, ?, 1.")
cnt(W3605,"A fuzzy subset of the parameter space which is the adaptation of HPD-regions to the situation of imprecise samples.")
cnt(W3606,"A fuzzy-logic model that seeks to quantify, in vague rather than artificially precise terms, the meaning of a verbal construct such as ""shallow soil"" or ""poor yield"".  The goal is to produce complex models of the form ""if shallow soil then poor yield"".")
cnt(W3607,"A gabbro in which orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene.")
cnt(W3608,"A game form (or mechanism) is incentive compatible if it is direct, i.e. strategy sets are the sets of possible preference or types, and truth telling is the unique equilibrium")
cnt(W3609,"A game in which players can freely communicate and can make binding agreements.")
cnt(W3610,"A game in which the sum of the reward functions is arbitrary.")
cnt(W3611,"A game in which the sum of the reward functions is equal to zero.")
cnt(W3612,"A game is determined just in case of of its players has a winning strategy, that is, a strategy which wins no matter what the opponent plays.")
cnt(W3613,"A game obtained from another game by allowing the players to use mixed strategies.")
cnt(W3614,"A game played by two players who alternately choose elements from a pair of structures.")
cnt(W3615,"A game state is stable for a given player if there is no advantage for that player to move away from it unilaterally.")
cnt(W3616,"A game state possesses Nash stability for a given player if that player cannot gain an improvement in his/her situation by a unilateral move away from that state.")
cnt(W3617,"A game where every strategy profile in which all players choose the same pure strategy defines a Nash equilibrium.")
cnt(W3618,"A game where the iterative elimination of dominated strategies yields a single strategy profile.")
cnt(W3619,"A game with imperfect information constructed from a game with incomplete information and in which a chance move accounts for the players' beliefs.")
cnt(W3620,"A gamma-ray spectrometer in which the effect of the Compton scattering is at least partly compensated.")
cnt(W3621,"A gap in an otherwise regular array of atoms")
cnt(W3622,"A gas (CO2) resulting from oxidation of elemental carbon or reduced (i.e. organic) C.")
cnt(W3624,"A gas formed by combustion under high temperature and high pressure in an internal combustion engine; is oxidized into nitrogen dioxide in the ambient air and contribute to photochemical smog.")
cnt(W3628,"A gas phase chemical - OH.  It is highly reactive and constitutes a major removal process for methane and many other environmentally important gases including most gases with carbon and hydrogen bonds.")
cnt(W3629,"A gas produced from the gasification of biomass which consists primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and has a heating value of 10 - 15 percent of the heating value of natural gas.")
cnt(W3632,"A gas turbine unit, in which the working medium circulates in a closed loop.")
cnt(W3633,"A gas turbine with preheating of air by the combustion gases.")
cnt(W3634,"A gas which follows the Ideal Gas Law.")
cnt(W3635,"A gaseous mixture (under ambient environmental conditions) containing predominantly methane and ethane, and lesser amounts of propane, butane, and higher hydrocarbons. It has wide applicability in transportation. It can be used directly as an alternative transportation fuel, or it can be used to produce other transportation fuels, including gasoline, methanol, and diesel.")
cnt(W3637,"A gaseous substance below its critical temperature that may be liquefied by pressure alone. It is important to note that vapors are gases and that they are generally not visible in air.")
cnt(W3640,"A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel material formed in the ground by chemical and physical changes in plants and animal residues over geological time, natural gas, petroleum, coal.")
cnt(W3641,"a gas-filled sac used to maintain buoyancy.")
cnt(W3642,"A gas–liquid separation method that makes use of relatively large differences in volatility among feed components.")
cnt(W3646,"A gas–liquid separation method that utilizes the differences in physical or chemical solubility of components in a gaseous mixture. Some of them are called washing.")
cnt(W3650,"A gas-to-gas heat exchanger commonly used to recover heat from exhaust gases for preheating incoming combustion air.")
cnt(W3651,"a gastropod that lacks a shell or has an internal shell (includes seaslugs).")
cnt(W3652,"a gastropod with a cap-shaped, non-coiled shell. ""True limpets"" are members of the Patellogastropoda but several other groups of gastropods have also given rise to limpets.")
cnt(W3655,"A gem distinguished for its beauty and rarity, used in jewelry, e.g. diamond, ruby, emerald, and sapphire.")
cnt(W3656,"A gem having value, but not classified as precious, e.g. amethyst, garnet.")
cnt(W3657,"A gene construct that is in the reverse orientation of a naturally protein-coding region of a gene. Its product, an antisense messenger RNA, combines with the normal messenger RNA, and the synthesis of the expected protein (often an enzyme) is blocked.")
cnt(W3658,"a gene of E. coli encoding DNA adenine methylase which modifies the adenine residue in the sequence 5 -GATG-3 to N6-methyl-adenine.")
cnt(W3659,"A gene or DNA fragment that is transfected into the organism.")
cnt(W3660,"a gene represented by two or more different alternative forms (alleles) in a given population.")
cnt(W3661,"A gene used to disclose the function of potential regulatory DNA sequences upstream of the reporter gene.")
cnt(W3663,"A general approach to multivariate problems, in which the aim is to see whether the units fall into groups or clusters.")
cnt(W3664,"A general category of naturally occurring, biogenic, heterogeneous organic substances that are generally characterized as being yellow to black in color, and of high molecular weight and refractory. Humic acid is a fraction that is insoluble under acid conditions, but becomes soluble at higher pH. Fulvic acid is one of the humic compounds soluble in water under all pH conditions.")
cnt(W3665,"A general characterization of a studied object, expressed in terms of mathematical equations, which enable the manipulation of variables to be accomplished in order to determine how the object would behave in different situations.")
cnt(W3666,"A general class of sensory tests that assesses the acceptability of products or the relative preference among a set of products.")
cnt(W3667,"A general classification of areas of the world that have been impacted by agricultural production, thereby altering the natural environment.")
cnt(W3668,"A general computational method for calculating maximum likelihood estimates with incomplete data. Each iteration has two steps, an E-step for computing the estimation of the missing data, and an M-step for computing the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters assuming complete data.")
cnt(W3669,"a general description of the services and facilities available to travelers to travel from place to place.")
cnt(W3670,"A general description of weakly interacting Fermions.")
cnt(W3671,"A general event sequence which underlies a referenced type of situation. Scripts are flexible, somewhat abstract, and include general expectations and directions. Typically, scripts consist of several steps made up of episodes and events. Scripts are similar to, but more general than routines. Scripts and their steps are general, broad, and flexible compared to the routines’ specific and unvarying steps. Accordingly, hiring scripts, for example, may cover a range of positions -- not only competent professionals as covered by a routine.")
cnt(W3672,"A general feeble microwave radiation field serendipitously discovered by A. Penzias and R. Wilson (1965). Precision measurements with the COBE satellite showed that the CMBR is equivalent to the radiation field of a black body with a temperature of 2.73 K. CP big bang Universe models predict the CMBR to be the adiabatically cooled radiation field from a one thousand times hotter epoch when radiation and matter decoupled.")
cnt(W3673,"A general framework for searching a space to solve hard problems (meta is a prefix, as in a meta-language being a language to describe languages).")
cnt(W3674,"A general kind of information display technique in which a degree-of-interest function is computed over an information structure (in relation to a user’s interest) and display resources are allocated according to this function. A way to improve information navigation and access.")
cnt(W3675,"A general method to entangle critical phenomena developed by K. G. Wilson.")
cnt(W3676,"a general procedure for computing the global contribution of each physical production factor to a certain commodity. By proper nesting of all processes pertaining to the cycle of production-use-recycling-final disposal of a commodity, environmental effects can be included in the evaluation.")
cnt(W3677,"A general request to the industry to submit information to one of the working groups in anticipation of an RFP or to fill a gap in the abstract specification.")
cnt(W3678,"A general term (synonymous with pesticides) that covers all the chemicals used to control invader and noxious organisms, including insecticides when used for the control of insects, herbicides when used for the control of plants and, for vertebrates, rodenticides (for rats and mice) or just poisons (for large animals, such as foxes and rabbits).")
cnt(W3679,"A general term applied to a rapid mass-wasting event.")
cnt(W3680,"A general term applied to various microscopic calcareous plates having many different shapes and averaging about 3 microns in diameter, constructed of minute calcite of aragonite crystals, and constituting the outer skeletal remains of a coccolithophore.")
cnt(W3681,"A general term applied to volcanic material (ash, cinder, pumice, etc.) that has been explosively ejected from a volcanic vent.")
cnt(W3682,"A general term covering all social, spatial, and temporal asymmetries or inequalities associated with access to and use of the non-marketed use by humans of environmental resources and services.")
cnt(W3683,"A general term covering all types of research and technological development activities.")
cnt(W3684,"A general term describing chemicals that transfer information between organisms. Semiochemicals include allellochemicals and pheromones.")
cnt(W3685,"A general term describing magmatic rocks that are ejected or extruded onto Earth's surface.")
cnt(W3687,"A general term describing the natural association that exists between cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and which corresponds to the polymeric extracellular matrix connecting the individual cells of a plant.")
cnt(W3688,"A general term designed to include a number of possible ways of gaining a material interest in a system, such as in-house development, purchase, lease, or any other orderly process. In an organization, system acquisition includes all processes, tools, and personnel involved in instantiating a product or service that is sold in the planning and marketing process.")
cnt(W3689,"A general term encompassing various mental abilities, including the ability to remember and use what we have learned, in order to solve problems, adapt to new situations, and understand and manipulate our environment.")
cnt(W3690,"A general term for a column with a small diameter. On these columns the stationary phase is on their inside wall.")
cnt(W3691,"A general term for a group of phenomena that affect the nature, strength, or persistence of an individual’s behavior.")
cnt(W3692,"A general term for a mass-movement landform and a process characterized by a flowing mass of a predominantly fine-grained material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A mudflow composed chiefly of volcaniclastic material on the flank of volcanoes is also known by the Indonesian term ""lahar.""")
cnt(W3693,"A general term for a molten extrusive; also for the rocks that is solidified from it.")
cnt(W3694,"A general term for a polymer in which bases (purines or pyrimidines) are attached to a sugar phosphate backbone.")
cnt(W3696,"A general term for all consolidated pyroclastic rocks.")
cnt(W3698,"a general term for all factors that lead lenders, savers, investors, insurers and others to take the risk of participating in financial transactions and arrangements")
cnt(W3699,"A general term for all pyroclastics of volcanics")
cnt(W3702,"A general term for any or all of several periods in the Earth’s history in which there was a major build up and extension of polar and continental ice masses accompanied by a fall in sea level.")
cnt(W3703,"A general term for depositional features, which include stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstones, and curtains.")
cnt(W3704,"A general ter